He mad his testament, als did other pilgrimes. R. Brunne, p. 135. Ther penance was thei suld go in pilgrimage.—Id. p. 303. Moost dere I beseech you as comelingis and pylgrims to absteine you fro fleischli desires that fighten agens the soule.-Wielif. 1 Petir, c. 2.

Dearly beloved, I besech you as straungers and pilgrimes,
absteyne from fleshlye lusts whiche fyght agaynst the soule.
Bible, 1551. Ib.
Lyue in drede in the tyme of youre pilgrimage.
Wiclif. 1 Petir, c. 1.
See that ye passe the tyme of youre pilgrimage in feare.
Bible, 1551. Ib.
They me betiden when I pilgrimed out of my kith in
wintere.-Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. i.

Befelle, that in that season on a day,
In Southwerk at the Tabord as I lay,
Redy to wenden on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devoute courage,
At night was come into that hostelrie
Wel nine and twenty in a compagnie
Of sondry folk by aventure y falle

In felawship, and pilgrimes were they alle,

That toward Canterbury wolden ride.-Id. Prol. v. 21, 26.

Ye shall pray for all true pilgrims and palmers, that have taken their way to Rome, to Jerusalem, to St. Catherine's, or St. James, or to any other place.

Burnet. Records, vol. ii. b. i. pt. ii. No. 8.

Then peaceably thy painfull pilgrimage To yonder same Hierusalem doe bend, Where is for thee ordained a blessed end.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10. Jun. Fellow onion, I'll bear thy charges, an thou wilt but pilgrimize it along with me to the land of Utopia.

B. Jonson. The Case is altered, Act ii. sc. 4.

The maids and youths shall linger here,
And while it sounds at distance swell,
Shall sadly seem in pity's ear

To hear the woodland pilgrim's knell.

Collins. On the Death of Thomson.

À palmer, opposed to a pilgrim, was one who made it his sole business to visit different holy shrines, travelling incessantly, and subsisting by charity; whereas the pilgrim retired to his usual home and occupations when he had paid his devotions at the particular spot which was the object of his pilgrimage.-Sir W. Scott. Marmion, c. 1. Note.

R. Brunne, p. 42.
Ac wel worth poverte for he may walke vnrobbede
Among pilours in pes.
Piers Ploukman, p. 215.

And he wold fecche a feined mandement,
And sompne hem to the chapitre bothe two
And pill the man, and let the wenche go.

Chaucer. The Freres Tale, v. 6944. Whan the wolf hath full his wombe, he stinteth to strangle shepe; but sothly, the pillours and destroiers of holy chirches goodes ne do not so, for they ne stint never to pille. ld. The Persones Tale.

For the chefe company of them and such as were most renomed to vse grete robbery and pillery were of Bierne, and of the countie of Foiz.

And [the sayde Syr Hughe] there punysshed the bakers for lacke of syze by the tuberell, where before tymes they were punisshed by the pyllery.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1259.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 110.. And it seldome or neuer chaunceth, that any man is so pillery-like hole for the prisoner's necke. irreligious that he dareth eyther hide any thyng that is so taken, or pilfer any thing away that is so pyled. Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 158. To vacabondys and other that lokyd for pylfry and ryfflynge, it was a great occacyon and styrynge. Fabyan, an. 1456. The kynge after that he hadde gotte a large and ample sume of money, had pitie of the people, whiche cryed to God dayly for an ende of their pilfrynge. Hall. Hen. VII. an. 20.

The couer of the chest is two boords, amid them both a Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 75. I haue been five times pilloried, my coals given to the poor, and my sacks burnt before my face.

Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act ii. sc. 1.

And [Henry Burton] afterwards imprison'd, fin'd, degraded, deprived of his benefice, pillorized with Prynne and Bastwicke, lost his ears, condemned to perpetual imprison

ment.-Wood. Fasti Oxon. vol. i.

He [Lilburne] was condemned to be whipped, pilloried, Pilling and polling is grown out of request, and plain pil- and imprisoned. While he was whipped at the cart, and stood on the pillory he harangued the populace, and defering come into fashion. claimed violently against the tyranny of bishops. Hume. History of England, c. 52. They constructed a vast amphitheatre in which they raised a species of pillory. On this pillory they set their lawful king and queen, with an insulting figure over their heads. Burke. Letter to a Memb. of the National Assembly.

Winwood. Mem. To Sir D. Carleton, March 1604. Heare me, you wrangling pyrates that fall out, In sharing that which you haue pill'd from me.

Shakespeare. Rich. III. Act i. sc. 3.

I fear me, messenger, to feast my train
Within a town of war so lately pillaged,
Will be too costly, and too troublesome.

Marlow. The Jew of Malla, Act v.

A wicked villaine, bold and stout, Which wonned in a rock not farre away That robbed all the country thereabout,

And brought the pillage home, whence none could get it Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9.

out.

Where he as Furius, he would defy
Such pilfering slips of petty landlordry.

Bp. Hall, b. v. Sat. 1.
Now, all these pilferies, couch'd and compos'd in order,
Frame thee and me. Man's a quick mass of thievery.
Tomkis. Albumazar, Act i. sc. 1.
He [Lucius Pella] was accused and convicted of robbery,
and pilfery in his office.-North. Plutarch, p. 829.
His fault is much, and the good king his master
Will check him for't; your purpos'd low correction
Is such, as basest and contemnedst wretches,
For pilferings and most common trespasses,
Are punish'd with.

Shakespeare. Lear, Act ii. sc. 2.

Nor were the blessed heavenly powres, unmindfull of thy wrong,

O Menelaus; but in chiefe, Joves seed the pillager,
Stood close before, and slackt the force the arrow did
confer.
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv."

pilled and polled and fleeced by none more than by their own flocks.-South, vol. v. Ser. 11.

The church is every one's prey, and the shepherds are

Some spy perhaps to lurk beside the main;
Or nightly pillager that strips the slain.

Our years,

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. x.

As life declines, speed rapidly away, And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace, that age would gladly keep. Cowper. Task, b. i. The idle pilferer easier there Eludes detection, when a lamb or ewe From intermingled flocks he steals.-Dyer. Fleece, b. ii. In short I should be happy, if any thing I have done, or may hereafter do, shall serve to mitigate the zeal of critics

for detecting their contemporaries in pretended pilferings

and misdemeanours, where the letter of the law may perwith candour, condemns them not.-Observer, No. 150.

haps appear against them, but the spirit of it, if interpreted

PILL. Fr. Pilule; Lat. Pila, a ball; pilula, a little ball. Applied to

A little ball of drugs; (met.) any thing nauseous or disagreeable.

Downewarde at the mouth, by potions, electuaries, or pylles.-Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. iii. c. 5.

}

To ransake in the tas of bodies dede, Him for to stripe of harneis and of wede, The pillours dide hire besinesse and cure After the bataille and discomfiture.

Gower. Con. A. b. iii.

But for I leade a poure route And am, as who saith at mischiefe, The name of pillour and of thefe I beare. Whereupon I went myselfe, and tooke away from our men whatever they had pillaged, and gaue it to the owners. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. fol. 196. Peace sometyme contentith not soudyours, & especially such as delyte theim i pyllage & robery. Fabyan. Works, vol. i. c. 114.

: VOL. II.

PILLOW, n. PILLOW, v. PILLION.

"}

Dut. Pulwe, pulvinus; pulwiine, pulvini theca; Skinner thinks from the Lat. Pulvinus. Junius, from the Gr. Пwros, constipatus, because In A. S. Pyle. Chaucer,stuffed with wool. pilwe. It is, perhaps, the same word as billow, (qv.) A case stuffed with some material, to sit, or rest the head, upon.

Pillion is a pillow used, and suituably made, for riding upon.

And he was in the hinder part of the boot; and slept on a pilewe.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 4.

And he was in the sterne a slepe on a pelowe.

And for he shuld slepe softe, Upon a fether bed alofte,

Gower. Con. 4. b. iv.

He lieth, with many a pylow of downe.
So when the sun in bed
Curtain'd with cloudy red,
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave.
Milton. On the Morning of Christ's Nativity.
The verdant gras my couch did goodly dight,
And pillow was my helmett fayre display'd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 9.

I surely thought that the manner had beene Irish, for it is farre differing from that we have now, as also all the furniture of his horse, his strong brasse bit, his slyding reynes, his shanke pillion without stirruppes, &c.

Id. View of the State of Ireland.

It cannot be denied that birds are of great use to us; their feathers serve to stuff our beds and pillows, yielding us soft and warm lodging, which is no small convenience and comfort to us, especially in these northern parts of the world.

Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii. p. 429. And taking the air now and then on a pillion, behind faithful John.-Observer, No. 109.

Fr. Pilot, pilotage; It. Pilota; Sp. Piloto; Dut. Piloot, or Piilloot; which latter is said to be formed of piil, a plummet line, and loot, lead; or from Dut. Piilon, peilen, to measure, (sc. the depth of the waters,) and loot, lead. (See Skinner, Junius, and Kilian, and the quotation from Gascoigne.) Others, from an old French word, Pilé, a ship. See Menage.

One to whom the steerage or guidance of a ship is intrusted; (met.) one who steers, or guides, or directs.

-The pylot gan to shrinke,

And all agaste his courage seemde to quayle.
And from alofte the steward of our state,

(The sounding plumbe) in haste post haste must raunge, To try the depth and goodness of our gate.

Gascoigne. Voyage to Holland, 1572

The assembly seldom times brake up, but the pulpit for orations was defiled and sprinkled with the blood of them that were slain in the market-place, the city remaining all that time without government of magistrate, like a sht, left without a pilot.-North. Plutarch, p. 601.

Passengers in a ship always submit to their pilot's dis cretion, but especially in a storm.-South, vol. x. Ser. 5 82

A pilot seated at the helm, with his eye fixed on the pole while the rest of the crew abandon themselves to sleep. forms an interesting picture in some of the noblest productions of human genius. Stewart. Philosophical Essays, Ess. 3. c. 3. PIMENT. Fr. Piment; Low Lat. Pigmentum. A mixture of wine, honey, and spices. Ne let therefore to drink clarre,

Or piment maked fresh and new.-Chaucer. R. of the R.
That one [tonne] full of suche piement
Which passeth all entendment

Of man's wit, if he it taste,

And maketh a ioylife herte in hast.-Gower. Con. A. b.vi.

PIMP, v. Skinner thinks it has some referPIMP, n.ence to the Gr. Пeμжew, to procure, to obtain. See PUMP.

A pimp,-one who procures or provides, (sc.) to gratify the vices of others, meanly, basely.

Fol. Let me see; where shall I chuse two or three for pimps now: but I cannot chuse amis amongst you all, that's the best.-Middleton. A Mad World, my Masters, Act iii.

But when to sin our biass'd nature leans,
The careful Devil is still at hand with means,
And providently pimps for ill desires.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel.

There is an old Pander (the prince of pimps) always at hand, who makes it his great business and perpetual study to bring them together, and will never suffer a vitious inclination to starve for want of a suitable object to feed it. South, vol. vi. Ser. 7. Because the clergy will never attempt by cheating and pimping, to raise themselves from beggary to great estates and high stations.-Id. vol. v. Ser. 11.

Yet bards like these aspir'd to lasting praise,
And proudly hop'd to pimp in future days.

Johnson. Irene, Act i. sc. 1.
What is not proud? The pimp is proud to see
So many like himself in high degree.

Young. Love of Fame, Sat. 1.

PIMPLE. A. S. Pimpel; Fr. Pompelle, a PIMPLED. pumple or pimple; corrupted (Skinner) from pustula.

A small mattery or pustulous swelling; a pustule.

Grime. O your raysour do hurt my lippe.
Jacke. No it scrapeth of a pimpell to ease you of the pippe.
Edwards. Damon & Pithias.
Why should we sing the thrift,
Codling, or pomroy, or of pimpled coat
The russet.
J. Philips. Cider, b. i.
For he, who hopes his bile shall not offend,
Should overlook the pimples of his friend.
Francis. Horace, b. i. Sat. 3.
Two leaves produc'd, two rough in dented leaves;
Cautious he pinches from the second stalk
A pimple, that portends a future sprout,
And interdicts its growth.

PIN, v. PIN, n. PINNER. PI'NFOLD.

Cowper. Task, b. iii.

A. S. Pyndan, includere, to pen, (qv.)

To inclose, to shut up, to confine, to fasten, to keep or coop up, PINGLE. to incage.

A pin or web in the eye; because it closes the eye, (Skinner.)

Pingle, (dim.)-a small close or inclosure.

A merry pin,-from the custom of drinking in mugs with a pin fixed, as a measure of the exact quantity to be drunk.

Pinner, or Pindar,-one who pins (the sheep in the fold, cattle, &c. in the pen-fold or pound.) See POUND.

Thy plesaunt laune pinned with golden pene.
Chaucer. Complaint of Creseide.

But whan you list to riden any where
Ye moten trill a pin, stant in his ere,
Which I shall tellen you betwixt us two.

Id. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,635.

This mischance beyng declared to the constable of Fraunce and the other capitaines, cut their combes and plucked doune their hartes, whiche were set on so mery a pynne, for the victory of Montarges.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 5.

Then was he thrise put to the pinne banke, tormented most miserably, to vtter his fetters on, which hee would neuer do.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 817. Hen. VIII. an. 1555.

Then he [Sir T. More] maketh the dead men's soules by a rhetorical prosopopœa, to speake out of purgatory pinfolde. Id. Ib. p. 927.

His garment, nought but many ragged clouts,
With thornes together pin'd and patched was,
The which his naked sides he wrapt abouts.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 9.
But Alexander self writeth, that they left their rafters or
great pieces of timber pinned together, whereupon they had
passed over the stream of the main river.
North. Plutarch, p. 584.
Onely she tuind a pin, and by and by
It cut away upon the yielding wave.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6.
About that time Englishmen began to make all sorts of
pinnes, and at this day they excell all nations.
Stow. K. James, Conclusion.

She doth not only think of lusty Robin Hood,
But of his merry man, the pindar of the town,
George-a-Green.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 28.

The Academy, a little pingle or plot of ground, the purchase whereof cost not above three thousand drachmes, was the habitation of Plato, Xenocrates, and Polemon. Holland. Plutarch, p. 226.

Bet. "I care not for earl, nor yet for knight,
Nor baron that is so bold;

For George-a-Greene, the merry pinner,
He hath my heart in hold."-The Pinner of Wakefield.
For there her goodly countenance I've seen,
Set off with kerchief starch'd and pinners clean.
Gay. Shepherd's Week, Past. 5.
Friend, hourly we see, some raw pinfeather'd thing
Attempt to mount, and fights and heroes sing.

That false villaine

Whom I employ'd, was pre-employ'd by him:
He has discouer'd my designe, and I
Remaine a pinch'd thing; yea, a very trick
For them to play at will.

Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act ii. sc. 1

And ever, as superflous flesh did rott,
Amendment readie still at hand did wayt,
To pluck it out with pincers fyrie whott,
That soone in him was lefte no one corrupted iott.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10.

Solomon doth chiefly intend in the words of the text, the free and comfortable enjoyment of the good things of this life that God hath blessed us with, in opposition to a pinching and penurious way of living.-Sharp, vol. ii. Ser. 3.

It is certainly much more advisable to give liberally and largely, and plentifully, even as much as our condition in this world, and the necessities of our families can allow, though by so doing we shall prove to have given in greater abundance than we were strictly obliged to, than by giving stingily and pinchingly, now and then a little pocket-money or so, to run the hazard of being transgressors of the commandment, and having our portion among the covetous and unmerciful.-Id. vol. i. Ser. 7.

With pincers next the stubborn steel he strains,
Yet fixt it stands and mocks his utmost pains.

PINDA'RICK. PINDA'RICAL.

Hoole. Jerusalem Delivered, b. xi.

After or in imitation of the manner of Pindar.

PINCH, v. PINCH, n. PINCHER. PINCHING, n. PINCHINGLY.

Fr. Pincer; It. Pizzicare; Dut. Pitsen; Ger. Pfetsen. Menage derives from the Lat. Pungere. See To PUNCH. To press, nip, or squeeze, (sc. between two hard substances;) to press, to compress, to constrain or constringe; to hold tight, to gripe, to twinge.

Sir, fairere the wore, graunte vs thi curteysie,
Than parties pinched more, the auantage set so hie,
That thou may gyue with right, whan thou wille & how
That salle not be thorgh sight demed of lesse than thou.
R. Brunne, p. 314.
Therto he coude endite, and make a thing,
Ther coude no wight pinche at his writing.
Chaucer. Prol. v. 328.

For he was grutchende euermore,
There was wyth him none other fare,
But for to pinche, and for to spare,

Of worldes mucke to gette encres.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

At a punch a frende is knowen, I shall put them in aduenture.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 118.

Surely lyke as the excesse of fare is to be iustely reproued, so in a noble man moche pinchyng and nygardshyp of meate and drynke is to be discommended,

Sir T. Elyot. The Governor, b. iii c. 21. Hang therefore on this promise of God, who is an helper at a pinch, and a most present remedie to them that hope in him.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 1495. Q. Mary, an. 1555.

He currishly answered, that he would rather haue his torgue plucked out of his hedde with a paire of pinsons, then to moue the kyng to take any less some. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 25.

Some of them will let sixteen or twenty haires grow together, some in one place of his face, and some in another, and pulleth out all the rest: for he carrieth his pinsons alwayes with him, to pul the haires out as soone as they appeare.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 262.

He hath to his father a certayne felow, greedie of money, a wretched felowe in his house, and a very pinche-peny as drie as a kixe.-Udal. Flowers, p. 145.

The character of these late Pindaries, is a bundle of rambling, incoherent thoughts, expressed in a like parcel of irregular stanzas, which also consist of such another com plication of disproportioned, uncertain, and perplexed verses and rhymes.-Congreve. Discourse on the Pindaric Ode.

There is nothing more frequent among us, than a sort of poems entitled Pindaric Odes, pretending to be written in imitation of the manner and style of Pindar, and yet I do not know that there is to this day extant, in our language, one ode contrived after his model.-Id. Ib.

In the cottages at the shelter aboue, where we break our cable, we found many pine-nuts opened. Hackinyt. Voyage, Vol. iii. D. 422.

His spear, to equal with the tallest pine
Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast
Of some great ammirall, were but a wand,
He walk't with to support uneasie steps.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i. The pinaster is nothing else but the wild pine, it groweth wonderfull tall, putting forth armes from the mids of the trunke or bodie upward.-Holland. Plinie, b. xvi. c. 10.

The pine-nuts (which are the biggest of that kind, and hanging highest upon the tree) do contain and nourish slender kernels enclosed within certain hollow beds full of holes, and besides clothed and clad with another coat or huske of a dark murrey colour: wherein may be seen the wonderfull care and providence of nature, to bestow the seeds so soft.-Id. Ib. b. xv. c. 10.

O'er Mænelus I took my steepy way,
By caverns infamous for beasts of prey:
Then cross'd Cyllene, and the piny shade,
More infamous by curst Lycaon made.

Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. i.

Cyprus, from her rocky mound, And Crete, with ping verdure crown'd Far along the smiling main Echoed the prophetic strain.-Warton. Ode. The Crusade. We could discover within the vicinity of this city [Faenza] few traces of the pine-groves, which seem anciently to have formed one of the most conspicuous features of its territory. Eustace. Italy, vol. i. c. 7

PINE, v. PINE, n. PI'NEFUL.

A. S. Pin-an; Dut. Piinen; Ger. Peinen; Sp. Pina, to pain.

To pain, feel, or suffer pain, wretchedness, or misery; to wane or waste away, to decay with pain, with grief or distress of raind; to grieve or fret for; generally, to decay, to wither.

He lai for pyned in the wonde, and to dethe drowg.
R. Gloucester, p. 50.
And Engelond was out of kunde syxe & tuenty ger
In worre & pyne & sorwe ynou.

Id. p. 326

Whose feble thighes unable to uphold His pined corse, him scarse to light could beare; A ruefull spectacle of death and ghastly drere. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. 1. c. &. He stole the daughter of the harvest queene, And grip'd the mawes of barren Sicily With long constraint of pineful penury.

Bp. Hall, b. v. Sat. 2. Loathing, from racks of husky straw he turns, And, pining, for the verdant pasture mourns. Rowe. Lucan, b. v. On the death of the late Duke, it [Parma] was taken possession of by the French, and is now pining away under the influence of their iron domination. Eustace. Italy, vol. i. c. 6. PINE-APPLE. For the reason of the name, see the quotation.

The fruit [of the ananas or pine-apple] resembles the cones of the pine-tree, from whence it is supposed to have its name. Miller. Gardener's Dictionary. Ananas. Lat. Pinguis; fat.

PINGUID Fat, slimy, greasy, unctuous,

PINGUIFY.

The oyl or ointment wherewith women use to anoint the hair of their head hath a certain property in it to pinguify withall,-Holland. Plutarch, p. 944.

Let me at distance, with a steady eye,
Observe, and mark their passage to the sky;
From envy free applaud such rising worth,
And praise their heav'n though pinion'd down to earth.
Churchill, Gotham, b. ii.
Oh! lyre divine, what daring spirit
Wakes thee now? though he inherit
Nor the pride, nor ample pinion,
That the Theban eagle bear,
Sailing with supreme dominion
Through the azure deep of air.

Gray. The Progress of Poesy. On iron pennons borne, the blood-stained vulture cleaves the storm-yet is the plumage closest to her heart soft as the cygnet's down, and o'er her unshelled brood the murmuring ring-dove sits not more gently. Sheridan. Pizarro, Act iv. sc. 1.

PINK, v. Dut. Pincken, scintillare, micare, PINK, n. to sparkle, to glitter pincken ooghen, connivere, nictare, palpebras oculorum alternatim movere, pincke, oculus; probably connected with wincken: A.S. Winc-ian, be-winc-ian, corrupted into binc-ian, and thus (by the common change of b into p) the Dut. Pincken, to sparkle, to glitter, as eyes winked. The noun pincke may have been hence applied to

An eye with the lids somewhat contracted; to-
A small eye, an eyelet; and to pink,-
To form or fashion, to work in eyelets or small

To this might we add that transporting consideration, holes; to cut, to pierce small holes; and generally,

becoming both our veneration and admiration of the infinitely wise and glorious Author of nature, who has given to plants such astonishing properties; such fiery heat in some to warm and cherish; such coolness in others to temper and refresh; such pinguid juice to nourish and feed the body, &c.-Evelyn. Acetaria.

These are they who take pleasure in the incence, fumes, and nidours of sacrifices; wherewith their corporeal and spirituous part is as it were pinguified.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 810.

The Jews and primitive Christians derived from them or incorporated amongst them, seem to have been a serious solemn generation, accustomed to a pinguid turgid stile, as Tully calls the Asiatic Rhetoric.

Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt iii. c. 29.
Fr. Pignon; Lat. Pinna;
a wing.

PINION, n.

PINION, v. PENNON. PINIONING, R. PINIONIST. the feathers.

Pinion, the wing, is also applied to the small joint at the end of the wing; and to

Pinion, v.-to confine the wings or pinions of birds; to disable them; to confine (in like manner) the arms of man: generally, to confine or fasten. Behold the shepherds in this while a yong man haue ycaught

And pinion'd with his hands behynd vnto the king him brouht. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. ii. About ten of the clock commeth riding the shiriffe, with a great manie of other gentlemen and their retinue, appointed to assist him therin, and with them Waid riding pinioned. Fox. Martyrs, p. 1525. an. 1555. Straight, captiue kinges are hail'd in sight, With pinnyand armes behinde.

Drant. Horace. Ep. to Augustus, b. ii.

And in the midst of them he saw a knight,
With both his hands behind him pinnoed hard,
And round about his necke an halter tight
And ready for the gallow tree prepar'd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 4. These led him trembling forth the floud, as fearefull of

their end,

to pierce.
Pink, the flower,-Fr. illet, a pink; an eyelet.
Pink,- -a colour, from its brightness.
Pink,-navis speculatoria, (Kilian,) loots-mans
boot, i. e. a pilot's boat, (sc.) for searching,
looking, or spying, taking soundings, &c.

And now this pranking Paris fine with mates of beardles
kinde,
With Greekish wimple pinkid womanlike.
Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. iv.
And, upon drynkynge, my eyse wil be pynkynge.
Heywood. The Four P's.
What if it were but well pink'd? 'twold last
Longer for a summer suit.

Middleton. The Mayor of Quinborough, Act li. sc. 1.
Bring hither the pincke and purple cullambine,
With gilliflowres.-Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. May.

The shepherds at their festivals

Carol her goodness loud in rustic lays,
And throw sweet garland wreathes into her stream
Of pancies, pinks, and gaudy daffadils.-Millon. Comus.
Rom. A most curteous exposition..
Mer. Nay, I am the very pinck of curtesie.
Rom. Pinke-for flower.

Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act ii. sc. 4.
Pist. This puncke is one of Cupid's carriers,
Clap on more sailes, pursue.

Id. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act ii. sc. 2. And full well may you think, If you troll with a pink, One [fishing-rod] too weak will be apt to miscarry. Cotton. The Angler's Ballad. Come thou monarch of the vine, Plumpie Bacchus, with pinke eyen. Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act ii. sc. 7. The fellow is a shrewd fellow at a pink.

Ford. The Lady's Trial, Act iii. sc. 1. Them that were pink-eyed and had verie small eies, they termed ocellæ.-Holland. Plinie, b. xi. c. 37.

Gay motley'd pinks, and sweet jonquils she chose,
The violet blue that on the moss-bank grows.
Collins, Ecl. 3.

He found thee savage, and he left thee tame;
Taught thee to clothe thy pink'd and painted hide,
And grace thy figure with a soldier's pride.

Cowper. Expostulation. Feb. 16, 1676-7, I [Beale] gave Mr. Manby two ounces of very good lake of my making, and one ounce and a half of pink. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. c. 1.

Another [head] he commends extremely of a gentleman in a full dark perriwig, and pink-coloured drapery Id. Ib. vol. iii. c. 1.

For other craft our prouder river shows,

Hoys, pinks, and sloops.-Crabbe. The Borough, Let. I.

PINNACE. Fr. Pinasse; It. Pinnazza, pin accia; Sp. Pinaza; a small ship; from the Lat. Pinus, (Skinner, Menage, &c.)

With this answer the boate returned, and then our general caused his pinnesse to rowe to them.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. II. pt. li. p. 61.

This yeere Master Stickles the excellect Architect of our time, did onely to try conclusions, build a pinnace in Leadenhall, being of burden about five or six tun, which at pleasure might be taken asunder, and ioyned together. Stow. Elizabeth, an. 1595. When he had visited the order of his army throughout, he took a little pinnace, and went to the right wing, and wondered when he saw his enemies lie still in the streight, and stirred not.-North. Plutarch, p. 777.

The sails they furl'd, they lash'd the mast aside,
And dropp'd their anchors, and the pinnace ty’d.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. 1.

Fr. Pinacle; It. Pindcolo; Sp. Pinaculo; Lat. of the Lower Ages, Pinnaculum, from Gr. Птерvylov, from Trepov, a

The highest turret or tower; the tip, top, or

As when about the silver moone, when ayre is free from winde,

And stars shine cleare; to whose sweet beames, high prospects, and the brows

Of al steepe hils and pinnacles thrust vp themselves for
showes.
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. viii.
You would blind your eyes with throwing gold before 'em,
Or set me up so high on the steep pinnacle
Of honour's temple, that you would have me
Not to be able to look down on my own simplicity.
Shirley. The Merchant's Wife, Act ii. sc. 5.
Or the patch'd, disjointed choir
Of some old fane, whose steeple's gothic pride
Or pinnacled, or spir'd, would bolder rise
In tufted trees high-bosom'd.

Mason. The English Garden, b. iil.
Blazed battlement and pinnet high
Blazed every rose-carved buttress fair.
So still they blaze, when fate is nigh
The lordly line of high St. Clair.

Scott. Lay of the Last Minstrel, c. 6. PINT. Fr. Pinte; Dut. Pinte; Low Lat. Pinta; and in A. S. Pynte; perhaps from pynd-an, to pen or pin, to hold. A pin is still used for a small barrel holding four and a half gallons. A pint is

A measure of liquids, and also of weight.

So being drunke warme fastynge, the quantitie of a pynte and restynge on it.-Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. iv. c. 1. Howbeit there are others that greatly commending the continency of this captain [Hannibal], say, that he did neuer eat lying, and never drank above a pint of wine. North. Plutarch, p. 890. PIONEER. Fr. Pionnier; Sp. Peonere, PIONING, n. from peon, the foot, (Menage.) Junius thinks that pioniers was originally paieniers, itself corrupted from spayeniers, diggers with a spaye or spade; and Kilian gives spadenieren, or spaeyeniren as equivalent to pionnieren, i. e.—

To work with a spade, (sc.) in making roads. entrenchments, mines, &c., and thus preparing for the progress, security, or operations of the soldiery.

These pyoners were sente before the vangarde with a thousande speares, to aduise the best passage for the kyng, and for the hoost, and for their caryage.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 138.

The Tyrians would come about them in small vessels, & gaue them wordes of reproche & scorne: as, they were now become goodly me of warr, that would be made pyoners, & carrye burdens like beastes vpon their backes.

Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 55. Those from the mines with pick-axe and with spade, For pioneers best that for intrenching are Men chiefly needful in the use of war.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars bi

Which to outbarre, with painefull pyonings
From sca to sea he heapt a mighty mound.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 11.

PIOUS. PrOUSLY. PIETY. PIETISM. PIETIST.

Fr. Pieur, piété; It. Pio, pietà; Sp. Pio, piedad; Lat. Pius, pietas; of unknown etymology. (And see PITY, and IMPIOUS.) By common usage, piety is— Godliness or goodness, righteousness; religiousness, regard or reverence for God or religious duties; for our duties as created beings, towards God; as children, to our parents and brethren. In our older writers it is sometimes written piety, when used as we now use pity, and pity where we now use piety. See the quotation from Holland's Suetonius.

Where I have liu'd at honest freedome, payed
More pious debts to Heauen, then in all
The fore end of my time.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act ill. sc. 3.

God hath now sent his living oracle

Into the world to teach his final will,

And sends his Spirit of truth henceforth to dwell

In pious hearts, an inward oracle

To all truth requisite for men to know.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i.

But he is the best hearer of a sermon who first loves the

doctrine, and then practises it; and that you have hitherto done, very piously and very prosperously. Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. 5.

How he glisters Through my rust? and how his pietie Do's my deeds make the blacker?

Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act iii. sc. 2. And then himselfe, affrighted as it were with the rigorous cruelty of that punishment, would intercede in these words, (for it shall not bee impertinent to know the very same as hee delivered them,)" Permit, my good L L, this to be obtained of your gracious piety. (which I know I shall hardly obtaine,) that yee would doe so much favour unto these persons condemned, as they may choose what death they will die.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 265.

O teacher, some great mischief hath befall'n
To that meek man, who well had sacrific'd;
Is pietie thus and pure devotion paid?

Millon. Paradise Lost, b. xi. They have not stuck more than once openly to declare in their meetings, that they would not give over till they had driven pietism out of their community.

Frey, cited by Bp. Lavington. Morav. Comp. p. 47. There is a breach running through the Lutheran churches: it appeared at first openly at Hamburgh, where many were going into stricter methods of piety, who from thence were called pietists.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1698.

Our whole duty is made up but of three things: that a man live soberly with respect to himself; righteously with respect to his neighbour; and piously with respect to God. Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 15.

It has been the frequent lamentation of good men, that verse has been too little applied to the purposes of worship, and many attempts have been made to animate devotion to pious poetry. Contemplative piety, or the intercouse between God and the human soul, cannot be poetical.

PIP, or PEP. PE'PIN.

64

Johnson. Life of Waller.

Fr. Pépin; Menage refers to the Lat. Pipinna, an infant. See his Dictionary. Cotgrave has PE'PINNER. Pepin, a pippin or kernel, the seed of fruit; pépinnerie, a seed-plot, nursery, nursing orchard, a part of an orchard, wherein the pippins, kernels, or stones of fruit be sowen."

Pips,-the spotted characters on cards,-may have been so called from the resemblance between such spots or dots and separate seeds scattered upon a surface of lighter colour.

Bell. You think, because you served my Lady's mother, are thirty-two years old, which is a pip out you know. . . . Massinger. The Fatal Dowry, Act il. sc. 2.

Other [apples] for that their condition is to have no pepins or seed within them, be called of the Belgians spadoma. Holland. Plinie, b. xv. c. 14. These pepins or kernels ought to stand a foot and a halfe asunder. Id. Ib. b. xvii. c. 10.

For to make a good pepinnier or nource-garden there should be chosen a principal and special peece of ground. Id. Ib.

When our women thus fill their imaginations with pips and counters, I cannot wonder at the story I have lately heard of a new-born child that was marked with the five of Zlubs-Guardian, No. 120.

PIP, n. Dut. Pippe; Ger. Pips; Fr. Pépie; It. Pipita Sp. Pepita, and also Petela, which induces Menage to believe Pipita to be a corruption of the Lat. Pituita. Palladius describes the pituita in fowls to be a disease which covers the tip of the tongue with a white pellicle. Martinius gives pipita.

The verb to pip or peep, (qv.) Lat. Pip-are, formed from the sound; and the disease is probably so named because fowls, when suffering it, frequently emit a similar sound.

Grimme. O, your raysour doth hurt my lippe. Jacke. No, it scrapeth of a pimpell, to ease you of the pippe.-Edwards. Damon & Pithias.

That which troubleth all kind of them, is a certain distillation of a phlegmatick humour, which causeth the pip; and most of all between harvest time and vintage. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 57. It is no unfrequent thing to hear the chick pip and cry in the egg before the shell is broken.-Boyle. But being tried, it dies upon the lip, Faint as a chicken's note that has the pip.

PIPE, v. PIPE, n. PIPER.

}

Cowper. Conversation. Dut. Pyper; Ger. Pfeiffer; and as Hackluyt writes,-Eng. Phiphen. (See PHIPH, which we now write Fife.) From the Ger. Puffen or Pfuffen, to puff, to blow.

Fife is applied to the hollow instrument puffed or blown into. Pipe to

Any similar shaped tube, whether blown into or not; a pipe to smoke; the wind-pipe; a pipe to convey water, to contain wine, &c.

To play on the pipe,-to utter or emit, or cause to utter or emit sounds similar to those of a pipe, when blown or played upon.

Piping hot is equivalent to hissing hot. Pipe-office-Spelman thinks, so called because the papers were kept in a large pipe or cask. But see the quotation from Bacon.

We han sung unto you with pipis; and ye han not daunsid.
Wiclif. Luke, c, 7.
We hoppe alway, while that the world wol pipe.
Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 3974.

But on of you, al be him loth or lefe,
He mot gon pipen in an ivy lefe:
This is to say she may not have you bothe.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1840.

With that his pipe anon he hent,
And gan to pipe in his manere
Thynge, whiche was slepie for to here,
And in his pipyng euer amonge,
He tolde hym suche a lusty songe,
That he the fool hath brought a sleepe.

Gower. Con. A. b. iv. Adde that yt foloweth in ye text, you must praise God in timbrels, in orgens, and in pypes, therefore, after your conscequent timbrels, orgens, and pypes, must be worshipped. Barnes. Works, p. 354.

And sound of pipling wind eftsones to deepe their shippes doth call.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. v.

Wee took at seuerall times of ships, barkes, and carauels, well neare an hundred, laden with hoopes, gally-oars, pipestaues, & other prouisions of the king of Spaine. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. pt. ii.

The lustie shepheard swaynes sate in a rout,
The which did pype and sing her prayses dew,
And oft rejoyce, and oft for wonder shout.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 9.
Tho' up they gan their mery pipes to trusse,
And all their goodly heards did gather round.

Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 20. These be at last brought into that office of her majesty's exchequer, which we, by a metaphor, do call the pipe, as the civilians do by a like translation, name it fiscus, a casket or bag, because the whole receipt is finally conveyed into it by means of divers small pipes or quills, as it were water into a great head or cistern-Bacon. The Office of Alienations.

The Egyptian villains hung a tumbler's rope upor. their prince, and a piper's whistle; because they called their Ptolemy by the name of Apollo, their god of musick. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 24. And piping-hot puffs toward the pointed plaine With a broad Scot, or proking spit of Spaine. Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 4. This through the garden leads its streams around, Visits each plant, and waters all the ground: While that in pipes beneath the palace flows, And thence its current on the town bestows.

The pipe, with solemn interposing puf
Makes half a sentence at a time enough

Cowper. Conversation.
PIPKIN. A small pipe or vessel.
Mar. O pagan!
This fellow will be ston'd to death with pipkins.
B. Jonson. The Widow, Act v. 8o. L.
Mr. Surveyor, you that first began
From thirty pounds in pipkins to the man
You are.
Id. An Expostulation with Inigo Jones.
Some officer perhaps might give consent,
To a large cover'd pipkin in his tent,
Where every thing that every soldier got,
Fowl, bacon, cabbage, mutton, and what not,
Was all thrown into bank, and went to pot.

King. Art of Cookery.

PIPPIN. An apple said to be so named from the pips, dots, or spots upon its skin or peel.

Pippins. With these we will close the stomach of the reader, being concluded most cordial by physicians. Some conceive them to be of not above a hundred years' seniority in England. However, they thrive best and prove biggest (not Kentish excepted) in this County, particularly in Holland, and about Kirton therein, whence they have acquired addition of Kirton pippins, a wholsome and delicious apple; and I am informed that pippins graffed on a pippin stock are called renates, bettered in their generous nature by such

double extraction.

Fuller. Worthies of England. Lincolnshire. Ciders in metal frail improve the moyle And tasteful pippin, in a moon's short year, Acquire complete perfection: now they smoke Transparent, sparkling in each drop.—Philips. Cider, b.ii. PIQUE, v. Fr. Piquer, to pick or peck. PIQUE, n. To pick or peck, (met.) with PIQUANT. sharp words: to vex, to irritate, PIQUANCY. to exasperate, to provoke, to inSee PICK.

cite, to spur on.

Se piquer,-to be tichy, (touchy,) soon offended, quickly moved; also, to provoke, excite himself unto the doing of a thing, (se piquer à,)—Cotgrave and, consequentially, to pride himself upon it.

He [Cook] is excellent for a piquant sauce, and the haugon. Howell, b. i. s. 5. Let. 36.

This imputation of ill nature, is an engine which serves the ends, and does the work of pique and envy both effec tually and safely.—South, vol. vi. Ser. 3.

The pique or pica is a depraved and longing appetite of women with child, or girls in the green sickness.

Grey. On Hudibras. Wild. I observe that all women of your condition are like the women of the play house, still piquing at each other, who shall go the best dress'd, and in the richest habits. Dryden. The Mock Astrologer, Act iii. Sir Mar. If I go to Picquet, tho' it be but with a novice times together.-Id. Sir Marten Mar-All, Act i. in't, he will picque and repicque, and capot me twenty

Commonly also satyrical taunts do owe their seeming piquancy, not to the speaker, or his words, but to the subject, and the hearers, the matter conspiring with the bad nature, or the vanity of men, who love to laugh at any rate, and to be pleased at the expense of other men's repute. Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 14. A small mistake may leave upon the mind the lasting memory of having been piquantly, though wittily taunted. Locke. Long on his wiles a piqu'd and jealous spy, I've seen, or dreamt I saw, the tyrant dress; Lay by his horrours, and put on his smiles.

Young. The Complaint, Night 5 Piqued at Mr. Scheemaker's success, Rysbrach produced his three statues of Palladio, Inigo Jones, and Flamingo, and at last his chef-d'œuvre, his Hercules; an exquisite summary of his skill, knowledge, and judgment.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. c. 3. In the original, it appears as if some share in the success was owing to female pique.-Observer, No. 14. PIRATE, n. PIRATE, V. PIRA'TICAL. PIRA'TICALLY. PIRATOUSLY.

Fr. Pirate; It. Pirata; Sp. Pirata; Lat. Pirata; Gr. Пeparns, which Vossius prefers to derive από τον πειρα Seola, quia multa experitus