And, to augment her painefull penaunce more,
Thrise every weeke in ashes shee did sitt,

And next her wrinkled skin rough sackecloth wore,
And thrise-three times did fast from any bitt.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 3.

The antient penitents are described in Scripture as girding themselves with sackcloth, and repenting in dust and ashes; in allusion to the antient manner of great and solemn mournings, which was to put on sackcloth, cover the head with ashes, and sit in the dust. Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4.

The floating sack is thrown aside,
The vestments, proper for a ride,
Such as we oft in Hyde park view
Of fustian white lapel'd with blue,
By Betty's care were on the spot.-Whitehead. The Dog.

Howbeit Cato survived not the rasing and saccage of Carthage, for he died the yeare immediately following this resolution.-Holland. Plinie, b. xv. c. 18.

Now will I sing the sackfull troopes, Pelasgian dragos held,

That in deepe Alus, Alope, and soft Trechina dweld.
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. ii.

Your common gift shall two large goblets be,
Of silver, wrought with curious imagery;
And high embost, which, when old Priam reign'd,
My conquering sire at sack'd Arisba gain'd.

Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. xix.

View but an army at the sacking of a town, and see what observation, or sense of moral principles, or what touch of conscience for all the outrages they do. Locke. Hum. Underst. b. i. c. 3.

SACK. Lat. Saccare-is to strain through a sack or bag; and in Low Lat. Saccare, per saccum colare et exprimere; and saccadum, liquor aquæ fæci vini admixtus, sacco expressus, (Du Cange.) For the kind of wine so called, see the commentators on Shakespeare, Hen. IV. pt. i. Drake, Shakespeare and his Times, vol. ii. p. 130.

What can the cause be, when the king hath given
His poet sack, the house-hold will not pay?
Are they so scanted in their store? or driven
For want of knowing the poet, to say him nay?
B. Jonson. An Epigrum, p. 485.

Let me rejoice in sprightly sack, that can
Create a braine even in an empty pan.
Canary! Its thou that dost inspire
And actuate the soule with heavenly fire.

F. Beaumont. The Vertue of Sack.

SACK-BUT. Old Fr. Sacquebutte, a sort of trumpet, (Roquefort;) from Sp. Sacabuche, tuba ductilis, and this from the Sp. Sacar del buche, because they who use this instrument draw up their breath with great force, and blow with all their might, (Skinner.) And Delpino says,-Sp. Sacabruche, a musical instrument, called a sack-but, from saca and buche, drawn out of the maw.

A dead march within of drum and sagbutts.
Beaum. & Fletch. The Mad Lover, Act iii. sc. 1.

Look in, and you would swear

That Babylonian tyrant with a nod,
Had summon'd them to serve his golden God.
So well that thought th' employment seems to suit,
Psalt'ry and sackbut, dulcimer and flute.
Cowper. Progress of Errour.

And priests may receive and take (ministring the sacrament and sacramentals in the church to the congregation) a living for the saine.-Burnet. Records, pt. ii. b. i. No. 25.

The inward eyes as soone as they see the bread, they passe ouer the creatures, and thinke not of that bread which his baken of the baker, but of hym that called him selfe the bread of lyfe which is signified by the misticall or sacramentall bread.-Fryth. Workes, p. 134.

The sacrament of the altar was not instituted to be received of one man for another sacramentally, no more than one man to receive it in faith and cleanliness of life for himself.-Burnet. Records, pt. ii. b. i. No. 25.

If M. Hardinge had wel considered that whole homile, happily he woulde haue charged Chrysostome him selfe with his sacramentarie quarel. Jewell. Replie to Hardinge, p. 334.

That no person be admitted or received to any ecclesiastical function, benefit, or office, being a sacramentary, infected or defamed with any notable kind of heresy, or other great crime.-Burnet. Records, pt. ii. b. ii. No. 10.

But if they be sacramentaries, that shamefully abuse, and corrupte the holy sacramentes, then may M. Hardinge, and his frendes rightly be called sacramentaries. Jewell. Replie to Hardinge, p. 334. There cannot be A fitter drink to make this sanction in. Here I begin the sacrament to all.

B. Jonson. Catiline, Act i. sc. 1. When desperate men have sacramented themselves to destroy, God can prevent and deliver.-Abp. Laud, p. 86. And trains, by ev'ry rule Of holy discipline, to glorious war The sacramental host of God's elect!-Cowper. Task, b. ii. SACRE, v. SA'CRED. SA'CREDLY. SA'CREDNESS. SA'CRING, n. SA'CRIST. SA'CRISTY.

SA'CROSANCT.

Fr. Sacrer, sacre, sacristain; It. Sacro, sacristano; Sp. Sacro, sacristan; Lat. Sacer, from the Gr. Ayios, purus. Sacre, the verb, was used by our old writers as we now use consecrate. Waterhouse uses sacrate as a verb.

To hallow, to dedicate, to devote unto, to set apart for the service, honour, or worship of. Sacred, hallowed, dedicated, devoted to, holy, venerable; of inviolable purity:-inviolable; of religious obligation; religious.

Dedicated to ill or mischief, accursed.

Ac hym self hym crownede, & made hym kyng so.
The sacryng was lute worth, and natheles yt was ydo.
R. Gloucester, p. 106.

I sacred he was tho to kyng of erchebysshopes tuo
Of Canterbury & Euerwyk, & other bysshopes also.

Id. p. 330.

Which tent was church perochiall, Ordaint was in especiall, For the feast and for the sacre.-Chaucer. Dreame. And seing that the oyle is not of necessitie, let M. More as much as the bishop sacreth the one as well as the other. tell me what more vertue is in the oyle of confirmatio, in Tyndall. Workes, p. 253. He [Charlys] was, by the sayd pope Leo, or Leon, sacryd or enoynted emperoure of Rome. Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 155. On trinyte Sonday, the yere of oure lorde a M.CCC.LXIIII. kyng Charles, sone and heyre to kyng John, was crowned and sucred kynge in the great churche of our lady in Reyns. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, c. 223. Wherwith Panthus scapte from the Grekish dartes, Otreus sonne, Phelius prest, brought in hand The sacred reliques, and the vanquist gods. Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. ii.

Vnbricius, who was counted the most skilfull Aruspex of our age, saith, That usually they lay three egges; whereot they take one of them to sacre and blesse (as it were) the other egges and the nest: and then soone after they cast it away. Holland. Plínie, b. x. c. 6.

As farr then, be
Thy chaste Fame shot (O Queene of Archerie)
Sacring my song, to euery deitie.

Chapman. Homer. Hymne to Diana,
Thereby a christall streame did gently play,
Which from a sacred fountaine welled forth away.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. I
Said then the palmer; "Lo! where does appeare
The sacred soile where all our perills grow!
Therefore, sir Knight, your ready arms about you throw.”
Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 12.

Come, come, our empress, with her sacred wit,
To villainy and vengeance consecrate,
Will we acquaint with all that we intend.

Shakespeare. Titus Andronicus, Act ii. sc. 1.
Tim. Most sacred sir-
Theo. Sacred, as 'tis accurs'd,
Is proper to me.

Massinger. The Emperor of the East, Act iv. sc. 5.
The marble of some monument sacrated to learning.
Waterhouse. Apology for Learning, (1653,) p. 51.
And to make resistance and withstand perforce the
Tribune, armed with his sacrosanct and inviolable autho
ritie, they had no warrant by law.
Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 44.

The few by Nature form'd with learning fraught,
Born to instruct, as others to be taught,
Must study well the sacred page; and see
Which doctrine, this, or that, does best agree
With the whole tenour of the worke divine.

Dryden. Religio Laici.
Next mighty Pan, was her illustrious lord,
Her high vicegerent, sacredly ador'd.

Pomfret. On the Death of Queen Mary.

For how can we think of him without dread and reverence, when we consider how he is secluded by the infinite sacredness of his own Majesty from all immediate converse and intercourse with us.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 7.

The sacring of the kings of France (as Leysel says) is the sign of their sovereign priesthood, as well as kingdom; and in the right thereof they are capable of holding all vacant benefices of the church.

Sir W. Temple. On the Original Nature of Government. A sacrist or treasurer are not dignitaries in the church of common right, but only by custom.-Ayliffe. Parergon.

One instance more of sobriety of mind, which ought to be sacredly regarded by the young, is persevering and expressing a due esteem and reverence of such as are farther advanced in years.-Secker, vol. ii. Ser. 4.

Erm. Oh! my liege, remember
What honour's voice inspires, when helpless woman
Implores and pleads the sacredness of promise.

Mickle. The Siege of Marseilles, Act iii. sc.4

The cellarer, sacrist, and others of the brethren, who had hoped to have been entertained with their diverting arts, &c. when they found them to be only two indigent ecclesiastics, who could only administer spiritual consolation, and were consequently disappointed of their mirth, beat them and turned them out of the monastery.

Percy. Reliques. Notes on Ancient Minstrels of England.

In the sacristy [at Bruges] is a picture, painted by John Van Eyck, of the Virgin and Child, with St. George and other Saints.-Reynolds. Journey to Flanders

SACRIFICE, v. SA'CRIFICE, n. SACRIFICABLE. SACRIFICANT. SACRIFICATOR. SA'CRIFICER. SACRIFICIAL. devotion.

Fr. Sacrifier, sacrificateur; It. Sacrificare, sacrificatòre; Sp. Sacrificar. sacrificador; Lat. Sacrifico; sacrum facere: to make or render sacred, (sc.) by slaughter, or other act of

To slay or immolate-in devotion or dedication to; to offer up, to give or yield up; as a victim, to slaughter; generally, to destruction, to loss or ruin.

And that he hadde, to honoure hem, a priue stude there, To sacrifise to his Goddes, that moni war nere. R. Gloucester, p. 25. And notheles such sacrifise y ne kepte not at myn house. Id. Ib. Saul for he sacrifisede, sorwe hym by tydde And bus sones for hus synnes.-Piers Plouhman, p. 232. Therfore britheren I biseche ghou bi the merci of God, that ghe ghyue ghoure bodies a lyuyng sacrifise hooli plesynge to god and ghoure seruyse resonable. Wiclif Romaynes, c. 12,

But of these thingis that ben sacrified to Idolis we witen for alle we han kunnyng.-Wiclif. 1 Corynth. c. 8.

Fulfille thi seruyce, be thou sobre. for I am sacrifised Bow, and the tyme of my departyng is nygh.-Id. Tyte, c.4. Whan the orison was don of Palamon His sacrifice he did, and that anon, Full pitously, with alle circumstances.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2283.

For Trole in great deuocion
Came also with possession
Ayenst this noble sacrifice

With great honour, and in this wise

Unto the gates thei it brought.-Gower. Con. A. b. 1.

Both did their best, for neither now, ranne for a sacrifice; Or for the sacrificers hide (our runners usual prise.) Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xxil. Metellus the high priest and chief sacrificer at Rome, had a stutting and stammering tongue. Holland. Plinie, b. xl. c. 25.

The Lacedæmonians had a peculiar custom of sacrificing to the Muses, which was either designed to soften and mollify their passionate transports, it being their custom to enter the battle calm and sedate, or to animate them to perform noble and heroical exploits, deserving to be transmitted by those goddesses to posterity.

Potter. Antiquities of Greece, b. iii. c. 9.

The soothsayers inspected all the sacrifices, to presage the success of the battle; and, till the omens proved favourable, they rather chose tamely to resign their lives to the enemy than to defend themselves.—Id. Ib.

Although his [Jephthah] vow run generally for the words, Whatsoever shall come forth, &c. yet might it be restrained in the sence, for whatsoever was sacrificable, and justly subject to lawfull immolation. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 14. Homer did believe there were certain evil demons, who took pleasure in fumes and nidours of sacrifices; and that they were ready, as a reward, to gratify the sacrificants with the destruction of any person, if they so desired it.

Halliwell. Metam. p. 102.

It being therefore a sacrifice so abominable unto God, although he had pursued it, it is not probable the priests and wisdome of Israel would have permitted it; and that not onely in regard to the subject or sacrifice it self, but also the sacrificator, which the picture makes to be Jepthah. Brown. Vulgar Erroars, b. v. c. 14.

This observation will be of use, when we come to consider the Eucharist in its sacrificial view under a distinct chapter below.-Waterland. Works, vol. vii. p. 41.

Pliant and powerless now,

Like new-born infant wound up in his swathes,
Or victim tumbled flat upon its back,

That throbs beneath the sacrificer's knife.-Blair. Grave.

The law may be explained as an institution requiring perfect obedience, and threatening judgment on every transgression; at the same time, accepting, in mercy, certain sacrificial atonements:-Gilpin, vol. iii. Hint 38.

SA'CRILEGE. SACRILEGIOUS. SACRILEGIOUSLY. SA'CRILEGER. SA'CRILEGIST.

Fr. Sacrilège; It. Sacrilegio; Sp. Sacrilegio; Lat. Sacrilegium: sacrum, legere, i.e. furari, to steal: et qui nocturnus divum sacra legerit, (Horace, Satire, 1, 3, 117,) legere, to gather or take up; consequentially, to take away, to steal.

To commit sacrilege is to take away, to steal any thing sacred, or consecrated, or dedicated to holy or religious uses.

Thou that wlatist mawmetis, doist sacrilegie. Wiclif. Romaynes, c. 2. For ghe han brought these men neither sacrilegeris, neither blasfemynge ghoure goddesse.-Id. Dedis, c. 19.

The thirde, whiche was after shamed,

Was Nabugodonosor named:

And he Hierusalem put vnder,

Of sacrilege and many a wonder

There in the holy temple he wrought.

Gower. Con. A. b. v. Sacrilege is the diversion of holy and ecclesiastick things to prophane and secular use:-as Simeon and Levi, theft and sacrilege be evil brethren: theft robs thy neighbour, sacrilege thy God.-Spelman. English Words, Pref.

O Time, had'st thou preserv'd, what labouring man hath done,

Thou long before this day, might'st to thyself have won
A deity with the gods, and in thy temple plac'd;
But sacrilegious thou, hast all great works defac'd.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 21,

O Holy Ghost, whose temple I

Am, but of mud walls and condensed dust,
And being sacrilegiously

Half wasted with youth's fires, of pride, and lust,
Must, with new storms be weather-beat;

Double in my heart thy flame.-Donne. The Litany.

In the yeere 1535, the pope sent a messenger into Scotland, requiring king James to assist him against the king of England, whome he had decreed an heretike, scismatike, a wedlocke breaker, a public murtherer, and a sacrileger. Holinshed. Historie of Scotland, an. 1535.

The hand of God is still upon the posterity of Antiochus Epiphanes the sacrilegist.--Spelman. Hist. of Sacrilege, § 6.

Nor was it unfrequent to punish notorious offenders, by dragging their remains out of their retirement, and deprivIng them of the graves to which they had no just pretension, as may appear from several instances. Sacrilegious personis were commonly thus treated.

Potter. Antiquities of Greece, b. iv. c. 1. Plato makes it the necessary introduction to his laws, to establish the being and providence of the Gods by a law against sacrilege. And he explains what he means by sacrilege, in the following words :-"Either the denial of the being of the Gods; or, if that be owned, the denial of their providence over men; or, thirdly, the teaching, that they are flexible, and easy to be cajoled by prayer and saerifice.-Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. § 3.

However, Psyche falls into the snare her sisters had laid for her, and against the express injunction of the God, sacrilegiously attempts this forbidden sight.-Id. Ib. b. ii. § 4.

SAD. SA'DDEN, v. SA'DLY.

SA'DNESS.

The etymology of this word has scarcely been attempted. Minshew derives from the Ger. Schatt, shade, because sad people affect solitude (or the shade). It seems clearly to be the past part. sæt, sæd, sad, of the A.S. verb, Settan or sætan, sedere, sedare, to set, and to mean, set, settled, sedate.

A sad stone (so Wiclif renders Petra, a rock) is a set, fixed, firm stone,-firmly set.

Sadness, (firmitas, firmamentum,- Wiclif,) is settledness, firmness, fixedness, stability. Saddere men (fermeore) in Com. Vers. strong. R. Brunne uses setness (see SET) for settlement, settled agreement. Sad then, is

Fixed, firm, compact, cohesive, heavy, dense, gloomy.

Sedate, grave, serious, gloomy, melancholy, grievous, mournful.

A sad man is a sedate, grave man.

A sad fellow is one who does serious things,— things of serious consequence; and thus,-a mischievous fellow.

Ich shal sei the my sone, seide the frere thenne How seven sithes the sadde man. syngeth on the day. Piers Plouhman, p. 167. And whanne gret flood was maad the flood was hulid to that hous and it myghte not move it, for it was foundid on a sad stoon.-Wiclif. Luk, c. 6.

But the sad foundament of god stondith hauynge this mark, the lord knowith whiche ben hise.—Id. 2 Tym. c. 2. But we saddere [firmiores] men owen to susteyne the feblenesses of sike men, & not plese to ussilf.

Id. Romaynes, c. 15. For we ben maad parcerneris of Crist, if netheles we holden the begynnyng of his substaunce sad in the ende. Id. Ebrewes, c. 3. Though I be absent in bodi, bi spyryt I am with ghou,

loiynge and seynge ghoure ordre and the sadnesse [Com.
Vers. stedfastness] of ghoure bileue that is in crist.
Id. Colocensis, c. 2.
Therfore ye britheren bifore witinge kepe you silff, lest ye
be disseiued bi errour of unwise men, and falle awei fro youre
owne sadnesse. [Com. Vers. stedfastness.]-Id. 1 Petir, c. 3.

Thus saiden sade folk in that citee,
Whan that the peple gased up and doun.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8879.

Who so it bee that cleare of vertue, sadde, and well ordinate of liuyng, that hath putte vnder foote the proude wierdes, and looketh vpright vppon either fortune, he maie holden his chere vndiscomfited.-Id. Boecius, b. i.

Ther is no more to say, but est and west
In gon the speres sadly in the rest.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2582. For if that on have beautee in hire face, Another stont so in the peples grace For hire sadnesse and hire benignitee, That of the peple the gretest vois hath shee. Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9463. Whiche treaty was wysely handled by sadde and discrete counsayle of bothe parties. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 278. Whereby as I grant that it seemeth outwardlie to be verie thicke & well doone: so if you respect the sadnes thereof, it dooth prooue in the end to be verie hollow & not able to hold out water.-Holinsked. Descrip. of England, b. ii. c. 22.

Forth came that auncient lord, and aged queene,
Arayd in antique robes downe to the grownd,
And sad habiliments right well beseene.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. 1. c. 12 Ant. Tell me, Panthino, what sad talk was that, wherewith my brother held you in the cloister.

Shakespeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act i. sc. 3.
And settl'd in his face I see

Sad resolution and secure.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv
Volp. Go,

Straight give out about the streets, you two,
That I am dead; do it with constancy,
Sadly, do you hear?-B. Jonson. The Fox, Acti.. sc. 1.

But, O my virgin Lady, where is she?
How chance she is not in your company!

E. B. To teil thee sadly, Shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came.-Millon. Comus, Chloe. But, sweet lady, say; am I well enough attired for the court, in sadness ?-B. Jonson. Poetaster, Act iv. sc. 1. 'Tis my destiny

That you must either love, or I must die.
Ann. Comes this in sadness from you?

Ford. 'Tis pily she's a Whore, Act i. sc. 2.
From off a hill whose concave womb re-worded
A plaintful story from a sistering vale,
My spirits to attend this double voice accorded,
And down I lay to list the sad-tun'd tale.

Shakespeare. A Lover's Complaint.

The limping smith observ'd the sadden'd feast,
And hopping here and there, (himself a jest,)
Put in his word, that neither might offend;
To Jove obsequious, yet his mother's friend.

Dryden. Homer. Iliad, b. i.
Thus joyful Troy maintain'd the watch of night;
While fear, pale comrade of inglorious flight,
And heaven-bred horrour, on the Grecian part,
Sat on each face, and sadden'd every heart.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. ix.

Man's feeble race what ills await, Labour, and Penury, the racks of Pain, Disease, and Sorrow's weeping train, And Death, sad refuge from the storms of Fate. Gray. The Progress of Poesy. When I assert, that the gloomy grandeur of some among his moral writings communicates a sympathetic sadness to the reader's mind, I by no means detract from his literary honours.-Knox. Ess. No. 92.

Warm Charity, the general friend,
With Justice, to herself severe,
And Pity, dropping soft the sad-pleasing tear.

SA'DDLE, v. SA'DDLE. SA'DDLER.

}

Gray. Hymn to Adversity, p. 147.

A. S. Sadl; Ger. Sattel; Dut. Sadel. Skinner is not content with the A. S. Sett, a seat, from settan, to set or sed, but resorts to the Lat. Sedile.

A saddle,-a seat on horseback; a saddling, a hollow, similar to that between the back and front of a saddle a saddle-hill, shaped concavely like a saddle.

Sir Hugh of Cressyngham in armes nouht ne deih,
For ridyng lauht he skam, out of his sadelle he fleih.
R. Brunne, p. 298.

And er that Arcite may take any kepe,
He pight him on the pomel of his hed,
That in the place he lay as he were ded,
His brest to-brosten with his sadel bow.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2690.

A stede there was sadilid,
Smarth was it and eke flete;
Gamelyn diddin a peire of
Sporis fast on his fete.-Id. The Coke's Tale.
Then, hurling up his harmefull blade on hy,
Smote him so hugely on his haughtie crest,
That from his saddle forced him to fly.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ti. e 8. Of the saddles in use amongst us we find no mention In any ancient writers.-Potter. Antiquities of Greece, b. iii. c.3. Here the land is low, making a saddling between 2 small hills.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1684.

It is a pretty high island, and very remarkable, by reason of 2 saddles, or risings and fallings on the top. id. Ib. an. 1685. Mr. John Dennis was the son of a sadler, in London, born in 1657.-Pope. The Dunciad, b. i.

There is, however, about three or four leagues to the south west of it, and very near the shore, a remarkable saddle-kill, which is a good direction to it on that quarter.

Cook. First Voyage, b. ii. c. 7. On each side of this break the land is quite low; beyond the opening rises a remarkable saddle-like hill.

Id. Third Voyage, b. vi. e. 3,

For saddle-tree scarce reach'd had he

His journey to begin,

When turning round his head, he saw Three customers come in.

SA'DDUCEE. SA'DDUCISM. SA'DDUCIZE, v.

Cowper. John Gilpin. Their tenets are expressed in the quotation from Wiclif.

For saducees seien, that no rising aghen of deede men is, Deithir aungel, neither spirit.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 23.

For the Saduces saye, that there is no resurrection, neyther angell, nor spirite.-Id. Bible, 1551.

That earthly and cold disease of sadducism and atheism. More. Song of the Soul, (1649.) Pref. Infidelity, or modern Deism, (which is little else but revived Epicureism, Sadducism, and Zendichism.) Waterland. Works, vol. viii. p. 80. Sadducizing Christians, I suppose, they were, who said, there was no resurrection, neither angel or spirit. Atterbury. Ser. vol. ii. Pref.

SAFFRON, n.) Fr. Saffran, saffranée; It. SAFFRON, U. Zafferano; Sp. Azafran; Ger. Saffran; Dut. Saffraen. Vox Arabica, a flavo colore desumpta, (Wachter.) See also Menage, and the quotation from Fuller, infra. To tinge or stain with yellow, or saffron colour. And in Latin I speke a wordes fewe, To safron with my predication, And for to stere men to devotion.

As Tullius can determine,

Which in his time was full sage,

In a booke he made of age-Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

In whose tyme sikerlich the seven sages were
In Rome ydwelling decently.

Id. The Marchantes Second Tale. This sage then in the starres had spyed the fates Threatned him death without delay.

COS.

Our moderne Herbarists in these daies, doe call that in
Latine Salvia, i. Sange, which the Greekes name Elelispha-
An hearbe it is much resembling mints, of a grey and
hoarie colour, and withall odoriferous.
Holland. Plinie, b. xxii. c. 25.
SAGITTAL. Vossius details various ety-
SA'GITTARY. mological conjectures; from
Sagaci, i. e. veloci ictu; from Gr. Zayua, theca
Id. The Death of Zoroas. clypei, from anidos, (Præmisso, S.) oblique case
of anis, ferrea cuspis, or from σayı, omnia armorum
Tooke affirms,-the Lat. Saggitta, (pro-
nounced sag-hitta,) is the past part. Skit of the
A. S. verb Scytan, to shoot, to throw, to cast
forth.

And, if by lookes one may the mind aread,
He seemá to be a sage and sober syre.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 1. genera.

To sage philosophy next lend thine ear,
From heaven descended to the low-rooft house
Of Socrates, see there his tenement,
Whom well inspir'd the oracle pronounc'd
Wisest of men.Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv.
Within the walls then view
The schools of ancient sages; his who bred
Great Alexander to subdue the world,
Lyceum there, and painted Stoa next.

To whom our Saviour sagely thus repli'd.
Think not but that I know these things, or think

Id. Ib.

His here, his berde, was like safroun.

Id. The Rime of Sire Topas, v. 13,660. And so a solemn interview was appointed; but, as the poets say, Hymnen had not there his saffron-coloured coat. Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii.

Give us bacon, rindes of walnuts, Shells of cockels, and of smalnuts; Ribands, bells, and safrond lynnen, All the world is ours to winne in.-B. Jonson, Song 28. The principall saffron groweth in Cilicia, and especially upon the mountaine Corycus, there; next to it, is that of Lycia and namely upon the hill Olympus; and then in a third degree of goodnesse, is reckoned the saffron centuripinum in Sicilie.-Holland. Plínie, b. xxi. c. 6.

Plenty hereof in this county, growing about Walden, a fair market town; which saffron may seem to have coloured with the name thereof. It is called (as Serapione affirmeth) sahafaran by the Arabians, whence certainly our English word is derived.-Fuller. Worthies. Essex.

SAG, v. Supposed to be a corruption of Swag. It is the Goth. Sig-uan; A. S. Sig-an, asig-an, cadere, delabi, subsidere; Ger. Sieg-en; Scotch, To Segg. See Jamieson; also Nares, and Mr. Moore's Suffolk Words.

To fall, to sink, to subside, to settle; to move along, as if sinking or dragged down.

The mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sagg with doubt, nor shake with fear. Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act v. sc. 3. Syrinx the faire! from whom the instrument That fils your feasts with joy, (which when I blow, Drawes to the sagging dug milke white as snow) Had his beginning.-Browne. Brit. Pastorals, b. ii. s. 4. This said, the aged street [Watling] sagg'd sadly on alone. Drayton, Poly-Olbion, s. 16. Sure I am, no hospital is tyed with better or stricter laws, that it may not sagg from the intention of the founder. Fuller. Worthies. London.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x. That instinct suggests to them every where what is most for their safety, and makes them many times sagacious above our apprehension.

More. Immortality of the Soul, b. iii. c. 13. Wherefore they sagaciously apprehended, that there must needs be some other mystery or intrigue of nature, in this business, than was commonly dream'd of, or suspected. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 33.

It cannot be imagined, that either he should foresee events so clearly, or spy opportunities so sagaciously, or weigh things so impartially, or deliberate so calmly, or transact so cautiously, as the man that is free from those manifold prepossessions which bis mind is fraught with. Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 2.

Where this love is not only called Toλvμntis, of much counsel or sagaciousness, which implies it to have been a substantial and intellectual thing, but also peoßuratos, the oldest of all, and therefore senior to chaos, as likewise aUTOTEλns, self-perfect or self-originated.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 259.

I have a sense of something in me while I thus speak, which I must confess is of so retruse a nature that I want a name for it, unless I should adventure to term it divine sagacity, which is the first rise of successfull reason, especially in matters of great comprehension and moment.

More. Philosophical Writings, Pref. p. vii.

Nor thee, his ancient master, laughing sage,
Chaucer, whose native manners-painting verse,
Well-moraliz'd, shines through the gothic cloud
Of time and language o'er thy genius thrown.

Thomson. Summer.

SAGE, adj. SAGE, n.

SA'GELY.

SA'GENESS.

SAGA'CIOUS.

Fr. Sage, sagacité; It. Saggio, sagace; Sp. Sagaze; Lat. Sagar, from sag-ire, acute sentire; to feel acutely, to see or perceive clearly. The origin of sag-ire is (says Vossius) obscure; perhaps the Goth. Saihw-an, A. S.

SAGA'CIOUSLY. SAGA'CIOUSNESS. SAGA'CITY. Seog-an, to see. Sage,-seeing or foreseeing, provident or prudent, wise.

Sagacious,-seeing clearty; quick or sharp eighted; quick scented.

Oh they are in their generations wise, Each path of interest they have sagely trod,— To live to thrive-to rise-and still to rise.

Belonging, pertaining to, or resembling an

arrow.

The ix. signe in Nouembre also, Whiche foloweth after Scorpio,

Is cleped Sagittarius.

Gower. Con. 4. b. vil

The dreadfull saggitary

Appauls our numbers, haste we Diomed
To re-enforcement, or we perish all.

Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Act v. sc. 5.

The way of finding them is, by passing one string from ear to ear, and another from the nose to the crown of the head. The former of these will shew you the coronal suture, the second the sagittal, which usually begins where these lines intersect.-Wiseman. Surgery, b. v. c. 9.

SAIL, n. SAIL, v. SAILER, or SAILOR. SAILY.

A. S. Segl, seglian; Ger. Segel, segelen; Dut. Seyl, seghel, seyten ; Sw. Segel, seglo; Fr. Singler; Sp. Cinglar; Low Lat. Sigla. All of which may have come from the Goth. and A. S. Sig-an, labi, to glide along.

To glide, to float along, to swim; to move or pass along, with a gliding, floating, motion or course, by the action or impulse of the wind;upon wings: to strike sail,-to lower it, to take it down; (met.) to slacken speed, move more slowly, with more humility.

He wende with al ys power, and sailede hem a non. R. Gloucester, p. 17. Heore seyles heo spredeth in the se, thyder cometh y wis. Id. p. 133. Fro Cipres he was sailand.-R. Brunne, p. 171. And we wenten up into the schip of Adrymetis and bigunnen to saile, and weren borun aboute the places of Asie. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 27. And we entred into a ship of Adramiciu, and lowsed frō lande, apoynted to sayle by ye costes of Asia.

Bible, 1551. Ib. And with a litil seil lift up bi blowing of the wynd thei wenten to the bank.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 27.

And hoysed up the mayne sayle to the wynde & drue to lāde.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

And whanne seylyng was not sikir for that fasting was passid.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 27.

When sailige was now ieoperdeous, because also yt we had ouerlonge fasted.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

"Wel said by corpus Domini," quod our hoste, "Now longe mote thou sailen by the coste, Thou gentil maister, gentil marinere."

Chaucer. The Prioresses Prologue, v. 13,365. Ther nis no more, but "Farewel fair Custance." She peineth hire to make good countenance, And forth I let hire sayle in this manere, And turne I wol againe to my matere.

Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4761.

He was with worthie companie
Araied, and with good nauie

To ship he goeth, the winde him driueth,

And saileth, till that he ariueth

Saufe in the port of Antioche.-Gower. Con. 4. b. viii.

Smart, Ode 7.

Tyll at last into that place,

A herb so called on account of its salutary efficacy.

Two dayes now in that sea he sayled has,
Ne ever land beheld, ne living wight,
Ne ought save perill, still as he did pas.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 12.
'All those, and all that els does horror breed,
About them flew, and fild their sayles with feare:
Yet stayd they not, but forward did proceed,
Whiles th' one did row, and th' other stifly steare.

Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 1o

Like to an eagle, in his kingly pride

Soring through his wide empire of the aire,

To weather his brode sailes, by chaunce hath spide
A goshauke, which hath seized for her share,

Uppon some fowle.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 4.

· Saylers by their voyages, find out and come to the knowledge of these starres most of any other. Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 70.

Awhile thus taking breath, our way yet fair in view,
The Muse her former course doth seriously pursue,
From Peumen's craggy height to try her saily wings.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, 8. 9.

Such dalliance as alone the north-wind hath with her,
Oritha not enjoy'd from Thrace when he her took
And in his saily plumes the trembling virgin shook.

Id. Ib.

At last his sail-broad vannes He spreads for flight, and in the surging smoak Uplifted spurns the ground.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b.li. They have extraordinary good eyes, and will descry a sail at sea farther, and see any thing better than we. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1681.

Sails were commonly of linen, sometimes of any other materials fit for receiving and repelling the winds. In Dio, we have mention of leathern sails; it was likewise usual, for want of other sails, to hang up their garments; whence came the fable of Hercules, who is feigned to have sailed with the back of a lion, because he used no other sail but his garment, which was a lion's skin.

Poller. Antiquities of Greece, b. iii. c. 16.

It is of great use to the sailor, to know the length of his line, though he cannot with it fathom all the depths of the ocean.-Locke. Hum. Underst. b. i. c. 1. Introd.

SAINTISM.

SAINTSHIP.

A holy, or pious person; in the Christian church, one so nominated, and canonized, for his holiness or piety.

Now beeth thees seintes as men seyen. and sovereynes in hevene.-Piers Plouhman, p. 197.

Dar ony of ghou that hath a cause aghens a nothir be demed at wickid men, and not at hooli men? wher ghe witen not that seynlis schulen deme of this world? Wiclif. 1 Corynth. c. 6. How dare one of you hauyng busines with another go to law under the wicked and not rather under the sayncles? Do ye not know the saynetes shal iudge the world? Bible, 1551. Ib.

And she was holden there A saint, and ever of her day yhallowed dere, As in hir law; and thus endeth Lucresse. Chaucer. The Legend of Lucrece.

While there is oyle for to fire

Joy may you have, and everlasting fame,

Of late most hard atchiev'ment by you donne,

For which enrolled is your glorious name

In heavenly regesters above the sunne,

Where you a saint with saints your seat have wonne!
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 1.

And in the unconceiving vulgar sort,
Such an impression of his goodness gave,
As sainted him, and rais'd a strange report

Of miracles effected on his grave.-Daniel. Civil Wars, b.i

Lady. Shall we be the better by it then?

Eld. L. No, he that makes a woman better by his words, I'le have him sainted.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Scornful Lady, Act iv. sc. 1.

Think women still to thrive with men,

To sin, and never for to saint.

Shakespeare. Passionate Pilgrim. Protestants daily grow more prying into the Pope's proceedings, and the suspected perfections of such persons, who are to be sainted.-Fuller. Worthies. England, c. 3.

Then Woolsey will we bring, of Westminster so nam'd, And by that title known, in power and goodness great; And meriting as well his sainting as his seat. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 24. There thou must walke in sober gravitee, And seeme as saintlike as sant Radegund.

Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale. Oliver Cromwel when Protector, gave him, (John Pointer) a Canonry Ch. Ch. in Oxon, as a reward for the pains he took in converting him to godliness, i. e. to canting Puritanism and Saintism.—Wood. Fasti Oxon. vol. ii.

At length being reformed, and pretending to saintship, he [Cromwell] married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bouchier, of Essex.-Id. Ib.

All this they do to mask their depraved tempers, that they may appear what they are not, in the view of the world, and juggle themselves into a saint-like reputation. Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4.

She, half an angel in her own account, Doubts not hereafter with the saints to mount, Though not a grace appears on strictest search, But that she fasts, and item, goes to church.

SALAMANDER. Į Fr. Salamandre;

It.

SALAMANDRINE. Salamandra; Sp. Salamandria; Lat. Salamandra; Gr. Zaλaμav&piva, so called, Martinius thinks, quod amet propre σaiλov (humidum) habere μavopav. (stabulum.) See the quotation from Plinie.

The salamander to the ark retires;
To fly the flood, it doth forsake the fires.

Drayton. Noah's Flood. The salamander made in fashion of a lizard, marked with spots like to starres, never comes abroad and sheweth it selfe but in great showers; for in faire wheather he is not seene. He is of so cold a complexion, that if hee doe but touch the fire, hee will quench it as presently, as if yee were put into it.-Holland. Plínie, b. x. c. 67.

There is an ancient received tradition of the salamander, that it liveth in the fire, and hath force also to extinguish the fire.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 860.

We laid it [the coquette's heart] into a pan of burning coals, when we observed in it a certain salamandrine quality that made it capable of living in the midst of fire and flame, without being consumed or so much as singed.

Spectator, No. 281 SALARY. Fr. Salarie, (salarier;) It. Salário; Sp. Salario; Lat. Salarium, from sal, salt. (See the quotation from Pennant.) GenerallyPay made for services done in stated times, or

If suff'rings, Scripture no where recommends,
Devis'd by self to answer selfish ends,
Give saintship, then all Europe must agree
Ten starv'ling hermits suffer less than he.

Cowper. Truth. SAKER. Fr. Sacre; It. Sagra, sàgro; Sp. Sacre. A hawk, and a species of artillery. Minshew suggests, sacra avis: it is more probably

from the verb to sack.

Four pieces of ordnance, called sacres, were lost.
Strype. Memorials, vol. v. c. 56.

As this he vtter'd; on his right hand flew
A saker; sacred to the god of view:
That, in his tallons trust, and plum'd a doue.
Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xv.
Of guns the long saker is most esteemed.

Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688. SALACIOUS. Į Fr. Salace, acité; It. Salàce; SALA'CITY. Lat. Salar, not from sal, salt, but from sal-ire, to leap, (Gr. AXλew,-Vossius) as animals in the rutting season. As the Fr.Lecherous, lascivious, lustful.

After she had buried him [Josh. Allein], and being not able to continue long without a consort, she freely courted a lusty chaundler of Taunton, alienated his affections by false reports, from a young damsel he was enamoured with, and by three days courting, they were the fourth day married, as I have been credibly informed by several persons of Taunton, and so obtained him meerly to supply her salacious humour.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon. vol. ii.

is the immoderate sallacity, and almost unparalleld excess The other ground that brings its long life into question, of venery, which every September may be observed in this animal.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 9.

What piety forbids the lusty ram,
Or more salacious goat, to rut their dam?
Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. x.
O, nobly done! lascivious old man!
Meet match for satyrs, or salacious Pan.

Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyl. 4. SA'LAD. Fr. Salade; It. Insalata; Sp. Ensalade, quasi salada, salted; because eaten with salt; the Lat. Acetarium, because eaten with vinegar, (acetum.)

And after that they yede about gadering
Pleasaunt salades which they made hem eat,
For to refresh their great vnkindly heat.

Chaucer. The Flower and the Leaf. And thus having so good a reason as this, to induce and draw us on, we may not sticke to have pretious baulmes upon our heads, so it be under our sallats and mourrons. Holland. Plinie, b. xiii. c. 3. Cæsar supping one night in Millain with his friend Vale

And som tyme my svauns. here salerye his by bynde. Piers Ploukman, p. 112. The pope causeth his to be knowen, by theyr shauen crownes, by gathering vp of tithes, masse pence, and offer. inges, by the gylden trentalles, and salaryes to sing. Fryth. Workes, p. 101. Moreover, this tearme in Latine of sal, is taken up and used in warre, yea, and divers honours and dignities bestowed upon brave men for some worthie service, goe under this

name, and bee called salaries.—Holland. Plinie, b. xxxi. c.7.

As to my sallary, he told me, I should have 24 dollars per

month, which was as much as he gave to the old gunner. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1690.

The latter [the Romans] also made salt part of the pay of their soldiers, which was called salarium; and from which is derived our word salary.—Pennant. Tour from Chester. SALE. See SELL.

Right to theffect, withouten tales mo,
Why all this folke assembled in this place,
And let vs of all hir salvinges pace.-Id. Troil. & Cres. b. ii.

With that Constance anone preyend

Spake to hir lorde, that he abide,

So that I maie tofore ride,

To ben vpon his bien venu

The firste, whiche shall him salu.-Gower. Con. 4. b. i.

But Glauce, seeing all that chaunced there,
Well weeting how their errour to assoyle,
Full glad of so good end, to them drew nere,
And her salewd with seemely be-accoyle.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. C.P.
By this, that straunger knight in presence came,
And goodly salved them; who nought againe
Him answered, as courtesie became.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 8.
SA'LIENT. Lat. Saliens, from sal-ire, to

Leaping, jumping, shooting.

The legs of both sides moving together, as frogs and saliant animals, is properly called leaping.

Brown. Fulgar Errours, d. iv. C.G