I have likewise scrutinized minutely the motions of free will, explained the difference between necessity and certainty, and shewn the consistence of liberty with preappointment.-Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 28.

SCRUZE, v. For squeeze, to compress, or SCRC'ZING, n. press close together. It seems, (Lye adds,) to be formed from screw. Phillips, in his New World of Words, says the obsolete verb "scruse," is to crowd or press hard: through heedless pronunciation corrupted by Londoners to scrouge, (Johnson and Pegge.) It is probably

from-to crush.

SCRY, i.e. Ascry, (qv.)

And so with the scry, he was fayne to flye in his shirte barefote and barelegged, fro house to house, fro garden to garden, in great dout and feare of taking by the frenchmen, who had scaled and won the fortresse.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 272.

On Christmas day, nor all the feestes after, there was nothing doone; howbeit, the englysshmen euery nyght loked to be waked with scryes.-Id. Ib. vol. i. c. 371.

SCRYDE, i. e. Descried, (qv.)

They both arose, and at him loudly cryde,
As it had bene two shepheards curres had scryde
A ravenous wolfe amongst the scattered flockes.

SCUD, v.

SCUD, n.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 12.

Ger. Schiessen, celeriter moveri; schieten, fugere; Sw. Skutta, cursitare, to move quickly, to fly, to run; from A. S. Scyt-an, to shoot, (qv.)

SCU'DDING, n.

To shoot along, run, flee, or flit along; move speedily or rapidly. And see the last quotation from Falconer.

The Driades were wont about thy lawns to rove, To trip from wood to wood, and scud from grove to grove. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, B. 26. The baron of Ophalie not sleeping nor slacking his matter, squdded with all hast into England.

Holinshed. Description of Ireland, an. 1290

When he [the lion] hath gained the thickets and woods, and gotten once into the forrests out of sight, then he skuds away, then hee runneth amaine for life.

Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 16. She rais'd her voice on high, and sung so clear, The fawns came scudding from the groves to hear: And all the bending forest lent an ear.

Dryden. The Flower and the Leaf.

All which time we scudded, or run before the wind very swift, tho' only with our bare poles, that is, without any sail abroad.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1687.

The jilt, not many hours before,
With the Plate-fleet had left the shore,
Laughs at the credulous fool behind,
And joyful skuds before the wind.

Somervile. The Fortune Hunter, c. 5.
The black'ning ocean curls, the winds arise,
And the dark scud in swift succession flies.

Falconer. The Shipwreck, c. 2. Scudding is that movement in navigation by which a ship is carried precipitately before a tempest.-Id. Ib. Note. SCUFFLE, n. Į Skinner thinks it to be SCUFFLE, V. shuffle, (qv.) with the change

of h into c, and to mean

A confused and tumultuous contest or fight. See CUFF?

Neither had this skuffling an end vntill night was begun : at what time the Latines, Rutiles, and Troians left the wild medley, howbeit not discontinuing their malice.

Warner. Albion's England, Add. to b. ii.

Get. Scoring a man o'r the coxcomb Is but a scratch with you! o' your occupation, Your scurvy scuffling trade; I was told before My face was bad enough; but now I look Like bloody hone, and raw head, to fright children. Beaum. & Fletch. The Prophetess, Activ. sc. 5.

Di. All they were but scratches; but the loss of bloud, made him faint.

Cle. We dally gentlemen.
Thra. Away.

Di. We'l scuffle hard before he perish.

Beaum. & Fletch. Philaster, Act v. sc. 1. His captaines heart, Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst The buckles on his brest, reneages all temper, And is become the bellowes and the fan To coole a Gypsies lust.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i. sc. 1. A worthie sport it is to see the manner of their skuffling.

By an odd chance, though not uncommon in blind scuffles, the infidels and we have changed weapons.

Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iv. s. 2. The meek and bashful boy will soon be taught, To be as bold and forward as he ought; The rude will scuffle through with ease enough, Great schools suit best the sturdy and the rough. Cowper. Tirocinium. The officer refusing to give it up, and being joined by the crew of the pinnace, which was waiting for Captain Cook, a scuffle ensued, in which Pareea was knocked down, by a violent blow on the head, with an oar. Cook. Third Voyage, b. v. c. 3. SCULK, or The Dut. Schuylen, Sw. Skyla, SKULK, v. Sand Scholka, are latitare, occultare, to lie hidden, to hide, to conceal. In R. Gloucester and Gower, it is

To move or go under covert, secretly, slily: and the origin seems to be the A. S. Scyl-an, to separate, to secrete. And see To SHEER.

To secrete; to go secretly, or concealedly; to go, or move into, be, or stay in secret places; to conceal, to lurk.

}

They would forthwith publish slanders unpunished, the authors being anonymous, and skulking under the wings of publishers, a set of men who neither scrupled to vend either calumny or blasphemy, as long as the town would call for it. Pope. The Dunciad. Scriblerus on the Poem. The thief discover'd straight his prey forsook, And skulk'd amid the sedges of the brook. Beattie. Virgil, Past. 3. SCULL, or Skinner says, - the shell of SKULL, n. the head, but why so used he does not explain. Scull, Tooke considers to bethe past part. of scyl-an, to divide, to separate, whether applied to the separated bone of the head, or to a division, or portion of fish divided or separated from the main body; i. e. to shoals of fish. See SCALE, SHOAL, and SHOulder. Corineus tok hys bowe of hym, & smot hym a wonde A bouen on the scolle with ys owne bowe anon, That the scolle to breke in peses mony on. R. Gloucester, p. 16. And with the staf she draw ay nere and nere, And wend han hit this Alein atte full, And smote the miller on the pilled skull, That doun he goth, and cried, "Harrow! I die." Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4233. And she to his byddyng obeide, And toke the sculle, and what hir liste She drinketh, as she, whiche nothyng wist What cup it was: and than all out The kynge in audience about

Hath tolde, it was hir fathers sculle.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

Ryuers ren nat till the sprynge be full Better a dumme mouthe than a brayneles scull. Skelton. The Crowne of Laurell. The anthropophagi about the north pole use to drinke out of the sculs of mens heads, and to weare the scalpes, haire and all, in steed of mandellions or stomachers before their breasts, according as Isogonus the Nicean witnesseth. Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 2.

Ono. I erre, you have the marshaling of all the ghosts too, that passe the Stygian ferry, and I suspect you for a share with the old sculler there, if the truth were knowne; but let that scape.-B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revels, Act i. sc.l. Struck with dumb wonder at those songs,

He [the dog] wish'd more ears, and fewer tongues.
Charon amaz'd his oar foreslows,

While the boat the sculler rows.-Fletcher. Boethius, b.iii.

Like caitiff vile that for misdeed

Rides with his face to rump of steed;

Or rowing scull, he's fain to love,

Look one way and another move.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3.
What should he do, who twice had lost his love?
What notes invent, what new petitions move?
Her soul already was consign'd to fate,
And shivering in the leaky sculler sate.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. Iv. "This is his moral," say his under-pullers, "The poor and innocent are safe in scullers."

SCULLION. SCU'LLIONLY.

SCU'LLERY.

Byrom. Remarks on Horace, p. 238.

Old Fr. Sculier,-“ Officier qui a soin de la vaisselle, des plat, et des assiettes," (Roquefort.) Fr. Escuelle, a platter; q.d. Escullion, a washer of plates and dishes, (Skinner.) Lat: Scutula.

The servant whose duty it is to clean the plates and dishes, or other kitchen utensils. And hence applied to any thing low, and mean.

They bee not vsed to coulde, as you may see by their smooked scolions faces, handes, and feete, with all the place where they stande.-Barnes. Workes, p. 341.

At Christmas a fire happened at the king's palace at Westminster; the effect, as it seems, of the great feasting there. For it fell chiefly in the kitchen and office adjoining, as the scullery-Strype. Eccles. Mem. Edw. VI. c. 24,

Which brought forth his scullionly paraphase on St. Paul, whom he brings in, discoursing such idle stuff to the maids and widows, as his own servile inurbanity forbears not to put in the apostle's mouth, of the soul's conversing. Milton, Colasterion.

This botcher looks as if he were dough-bak'd,-a little butter now, and I would eat him like an oaten-cake: his fathers diet was new cheese and onions when he got him: what a scallion-fac'd rascal 'tis ? Beaum. & Fletch. Love's Cure, Act ii. sc. 1.

Upon an address from parliament to remove his chancellar and treasurer, his answer was, "that he [Richard the Second] would not remove, at their request, the meanest scullion out of his kitchen."

Bolingbroke. Rem. on the Hist. of Eng. Let. 6.

I shall pay so much respect to my contemporaries as never to offend their delicacy willingly: therefore shall choose such illustrations as may appear fashionable and

SCULPTOR.

courtly as well as clear and luminous wherever I have the option: but where I want skill to compass both, shall hope for indulgence if I prefer clearness and aptness before neatness and politeness, and fetch comparisons from the stable or the seallery when none occur suitable to my purpose in the parlour or the drawing room. Search. Light of Nature, Introd. p. xxxv. See INSCULP. Fr. Sculp SCULPTURE, n. teur; It. Scultore; Sp. SCULPTURE, V. Escultor, esculpidor; Lat. SCULPTILE. Sculptor, from sculpere, to Sculpt. cut, to grave, which (Vossius) differs from scalpere only in usage; and he derives from the Gr. Faapw, with the Æolic prefix, σyλapw, Jy vow,

To grave or engrave, to cut or carve into, to inscribe.

Zeuxis fonde first the portrature;
And Prometheus the sculpture,
After what forme that hem thought,

The resemblāce anon thei wrought.-Gower. Con. 4. b. iv.

O, that the tenor of my just complaint

Were sculpt with steel on rocks of adamant!-Sandys.

The same description [Moses with horns] we find in a silver medal; that is upon one side Moses horned, and on *he reverse the commandment against sculptile images. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 9.

Anon out of the earth a fabrick huge
Rose like an exhalation, with the sound
Of dulcet symphonies and voyces sweet,
Built like a temple, where pilasters round
Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid
With golden architrave; nor did there want
Cornice or freeze, with bony sculptures grav'n.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. 1.

A pleasing vigour his fair face express'd;
His neck, his hands, his shoulders, and his breast,
Did next in gracefulness and beauty stand,
To breathing figures of the sculptor's hand.

Dryden. Ovid. Met. b. xii.

Still as a tomb-stone, never to be mov'd,
On some good man or woman unreprov'd
Lays its eternal weight; or fix'd as stands
A marble courser by the sculptor's hands,
Plac'd on the hero's grave.-Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvii.
What are to him the sculptures of the shield,
Heaven's planets, earth, and ocean's watery field?
Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. xili.
The massy sculptur'd vase,
Glittering with golden studs, four handles grace;
And curling vines around each handle roll'd
Support two turtle doves emboss'd in gold.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xi.

If these observations have hitherto referred principally to painting, let it be remembered that this art is much more extensive and complicated than sculpture, and affords there

quadrat. Scurvie or scorbie, (says Junius,)-is the disease which is commonly called Scorbute. He and Skinner give to the words Scorbie or scorbute the same origin. (See SCORBUTE.) Scurvy seems no other than scurfy, (See ROYNE;) and (met.) is

Shabby, mean, vile, worthless; despicable, contemptible.

He said, "He never denyed pilgrimages, but that much scurff must be pared away, e're it could be well done; as superstition, idolatry." Strype. Eccles. Mem, Hen. VIII. b. i. c. 22. Her crafty head was altogether bald, And, as in hate of honorable eld, Was overgrowne with scurfe and filthy scald.

And euer to remayne In wretched beggary, And maungy misery, In lousy lothsumnesse,

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 9.

And scabbed scorffynesse.-Skelton. D. of Albany, &c.

A sorte of foul drabbes

All scuruy with scabbes.-Id. Elinour Rumming.

Pi. Is she not very angry!

Ser. You'l find that quickly;

May be she'll call ye saucy scurvey fellow,
Or some such familiar name.

Por. That scuse serues many men to saue their gifts,
And if your wife be not a mad woman,

And know how well I haue deseru'd this ring,
Shee would not hold out enemy for euer
For gluing it to me.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act iv. sc. 1.
SCUT. Lye suggests the Goth. Skaut, fim-
bria, the edge or border: it is perhaps from the
A. S. Scyt-an, to shoot; that which shoots up, (sc.)

Beaum. & Fletch. The Wild-Goose Chace, Act ii. sc. 2. like the short, erect tale of a hare.

Such boyst'rous trifles thy Muse would not brooke,
Save when she'd show how scurvily they looke.
Berkenhard. On the Collec. of Beaum, & Fletch. Works.

A cake of scurf lies baking on the ground,
And prickly stubs, instead of trees, are found.
Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. ii.
But here come folks a-preaching to us
A saving doctrine to undo us,
Whose notions fanciful and scurvy,
Turn old religion topsy-turvy.

Lloyd. The Cobbler of Tessington's Letter.

Upon examination, we found their teeth loose; and that many of them had every other symptom of an inveterate sea scurvy.-Cook. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 4.

She makes forward advances to the unwary to bring them to her, but when she has gotten them fast in her fetters she uses them scurvily, allowing them no rest in her service, and feeding them only with delusive expectations and stale scraps of enjoyment that have utterly lost their savour. Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. ii. c. 32.

includes the less, the leading principles of sculpture are comprised in those of painting.-Reynolds, Dis. 10.

SCU'PPER. Skupper holes, (says Skinner,) are holes in the benches of a ship (in transtris) through which the water flows; from the Ger. Schopfen, haurire, because through them the water is drawn or drained off. They are said to be

Holes in the deck, through which the water drains off.

No sooner we were at sea, but by the violence of the storm, and the working of the ship, we made a great quantity of water through our holes, ports, and scuppers. Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 4. i.e. to Scour; to move rapidly, to clear the ground swiftly.

SCUR, v. SCO'RRER. SCU'RRY.

}

And he sente for the scurrers to aduyse the dealynge of their ennemyes, and to se where they were, and what nombre they were of.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 33.

I have seen these Britains, that you magnifie,
Run as they would outrun time, and roaring
Basely for mercy, roaring; the light shadows,
That in a thought scur o'r the fields of corn,
Halted on crutches to 'em.

Beaum. & Fletch. Bonduca, Act i. sc. 1. Then he [Hannibal] commanded the horsemen of the Numidians to scurry to the trenches of the Romans, to entice them to come to battell.-North. Plutarch, p. 882.

Jesting or scoffing, like a vulgar buffoon; with vulgar, low calumny or scandal; low, vulgar, indecent or unbecoming.

Now I need not to tell that scurrilitie, or ale-house festing, would be thought odious, or grosse mirth would be deemed madnesse.-Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, p. 4. And sacred silver mistress, lend thine ear (Which ne'er heard scurril term, into whose port Ne'er entred wanton sound,) to my petition Season'd with holy fear.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Two Noble Kinsmen, Act v. sc. 1. The people's guilty too, of brow more bold, That sits, and dares thrice-scurrile lords behold. Holyday. Juvenal, Sat. 8. Herein onelie are the inferiour sort somewhat to be then such as savoureth of scurrilitie and ribaldrie. blamed, that being thus assembled, their talke is now and

Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 6.

If either you, or I, know the right way
To part scurrilitie from wit, or can

A lawfull verse, by th' eare, or finger scan.

B. Jonson. Horace. Art of Poetrie. One would suspect him [John Standish] not the same man called by Bale a scurrillous fool, and admired by Pils for piety and learning, jealous lest another man should be more wise to salvation than himself.

Fuller. Worthies. Lancashire.

He is ever merry, but still modest: not dissolved into undecent laughter, or tickled with wit scurrilous or injurious. Habington. Castara, pt. iii.

If we are of a sanguine and jovial disposition, our idle hours will be so many tempting opportunities to intemperance and wantonness, profaneness and scurrility, and all the other wickednesses of a lewd and dissolute conversation. Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4.

lently answered this scurrilous book, with great learning and But Ponet, late bishop of Winton, now in exile, excelclearness.-Strype. Eccles. Mem. Mary, c. 20.

1689

Mased as a marche hare, he ran lyke a scut.

Skelton. The Crowne of Laurell. The husband [should] take a frogg and spit her [as it were] a length upon a reed, so as it goe in at the skut or matrixe behind and come foorth againe at the mouth. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxii. c. 5. Which in the hare holds not the common position, but is aversly seated, and in its distention enclines unto the coocix or scut.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 15.

I painted all with amorettes,

And with losenges and scochons.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R.
The crowns that they on their scochones bere,
Were set with pearle, ruby, and saphere.

Id. The Flower and the Leaf.
Confessing that he was himselfe a Mountacute,
And bare the selfe same armes that I dyd quarter in my
scute.
Gascoigne. Deuise of a Maske.

But yet they ouer shoote us
With crownes and with scutus
With scutes and crownes of golde
I drede we are bought and solde.

Skelton. Why come ye not to Court! And in iiij. convenyent places of the said gravestone I will be sett iiij. platts graven with iiij. skochens of armys folowing, that is to say, at the hede the armes of the citie of London, and the drapers armes, and at the fett myn owne armes, and my merchaunt marke.—Fabyan. Chronicles, Pref.

For within the chappell of Bellona, he caused to bee set up the scutcheons and shields of his auncestours; taking great contentment to have the armes of his predecessours seene on high, and the same accompanied with the titles of their honourable dignities to be read.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 3.

And following these vain pleasures and delights, when he [Alcibiades] was in his galley, he caused the plancks of the poop thereof to be cut and broken up, that he might lie the softer; for his bed was not laid upon the overlop, but laid upon girthes strained over the hole, cut out and fastened to the sides, and he carried to the wars with him a guilded scuchion wherein he had no cognizance nor ordinary device of the Athenians, but onely had the image of Cupid in it, holding lighting in his hand.—North. Plutarch, p. 171.

Though all the titles, coronets, and stars,
That statesmen aim at, and that Malton bears,
Enrich your 'scutcheon, dignify your crest,
Beam on your coach, and blaze upon your breast.

Cawthorn. The Equal. of Human Conditions This pecuniary satisfaction (in lieu of personal attendance, scutifer, bearing a shield) at last came to be levied, by assessment at so much for every knight's fee under the name of

scutage.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 8.

The king could require in war the personal attendance of his vassals, that is, almost all the landed proprietors; and composition in money, which was called a scutage. if they declined the service, they were obliged to pay him a Hume. History of England, vol. ii. App. 2

10 P

SCUTTLE. Fr. Escoutilles; It. Scodella; Sp. Escotilla. Skinner thinks may be from the Dut. Schuyte, a boat, or from schuttel, scuttella, a kind of dish or platter: it is more probably from the A. S. Scyt-an, to shoot.

The scuttles in the deck of a ship,-the opening through which goods, &c. are shot into the hold.

A coal-scuttle-to shoot coals into the cellar is a common expression; from the scuttle they are shot or thrown upon the fire.

To scuttle off or away, is-to scud or scuddle off. To scuttle a ship,-to make openings or holes. The commodore, having no occasion for these other vessels, had ordered the masts of all five of them to be cut away at his first arrival; and on his leaving the place they were towed out of the harbour, and scuttled and sunk.

Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 4. We hoysed out our boat, and took up some of them; as also a small hatch, or scuttle rather, belonging to some bark. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688. Then we jogg'd on again to the northward, and saw many small dolphins and whales, and abundance of scuttle-shells swimming on the sea.-Id. Ib. an. 1699.

SCUTTLE. Dut. Schotel; Fr. Escuelle; It. Scodella; Sp. Escudilla; Lat. Scutella, scutula, a dish, a platter, from scutum, (says Vossius,) because the scutella was formed like an oblong shield. Scull is

A Scotch name for a basket of a semicircular form, (Jamieson.) It is perhaps the same word as the preceding.

A skuttle or skreene, to rid soil from the corn.

Tusser. Husbandry Furniture, p. 14. The earth and stones they are fain to carry from under their feet in scuttles and baskets.-Hakewell. On Providence.

Lifted up so high

I'sdein'd subjection, and thought one step higher
Would set me highest, and in a moment quit
The debt immense of endless gratitude.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.
She strikes, and twines away her sdaignefull eyes
From his sweet face, she fals dead in a swoune,
Fals as a floure halfe cut, that bending lies.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. xx. s. 128.

SEA. Goth. Saiw; A. S. Sa; Dut. See; Ger. See; Sp. Siö, from the Gr. Ee-ew, fervere, bullire, (Eee d' vowp, bulliebat aqua. Homer, Iliad, 21, v. 365,) say the etymologists; but the Gr. has no name for the sea derived from that verb.

Sea is opposed-geographically-to land, to rivers, lakes, &c. ; it is applied to the great mass of salt waters, or different portions of it,-to any large quantity, liquid or fluid; to any thing stormy or distinguished by other qualities of the

sea.

Sea is very much used, prefixed.

Other half ger we habbeth nowe y went with oute reste
In the grete see of occean, forto seche vr beste,
That oure lyf ys loth, & we nuste war bi leue.
R. Gloucester, p. 40.
Now is Robert Cristen, he dightes his nauie,
& ferde ouer the see, & conquerd Normundie.
R. Brunne, p. 25.
Thanne he roos and commaundide to the wyndis and the
see; and a greet pesiblenesse was maad.
Wiclif. Matthew, c. 8.
Then he arose, and rebuked the wyndes and the sea, and
there folowed a great calme.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

He mote be ded, the king as shall a page;
Som in his bed, som in the depe see.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 3032.

And God called the dry land the erth, and the gatheryng togyther of waters called he the sea.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 1.

And the erle of Arundell, with xxvii, vesselles with hym, whether they wolde or nat, were fayne to caste ancre in a ly tell hauen called the Palyce a two small leages fro Rochell, and ye wynde was so streynable on seeborde, that they coude nat departe thence. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 150.

1

Suddenly attempting their purpose (the rocks being very dangerous for the boat, and the sea-gate exceeding great) by shooting their arrows hurt and wounded every one of our men.-Drake. Voyages, an. 1578.

This Moruidus walkynge or rydynge vpon the see stronde

yea, nderfull monstre, the whiche of his corage and knyghthod, he thought to sle.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 37.

Ne did it then deserve a name to have,

Till that the venturous mariner that way
Learning his ship from those white rocks to save,
Which all along the southerne sea-coast lay
Threatning unheedy wrecke and rash decay,
For safety that same his sea-marke made,
And nam'd it Albion.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c.10.
She could sell winds to any one that would
Buy them for money, forcing them to hold
What time she listed, tie them in a thread,
Which ever as the seafarer undid;
They rose or scantled, as his sails would drive,
To the same port whereas he would arrive.

Drayton. The Moon Calf.
How should I joy of thy arrive to hear?
But as a poor sea-faring passenger,
After long travel, tempest-torn and wrack'd,
By some unpitt'ing pirate that is sack'd.

Id. Charles Brandon to Mary the French Queen.
Such murmur fill'd

Th' assembly, as when hollow rocks retain
The sound of blustering winds, which all night long
Had rous'd the sea,-now with hoarse cadence lull
Sea-faring men orewatcht, whose bark by chance
Or pinnace anchors in a craggy bay
After the tempest.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

The sea is a collection of waters in the deep vallies of the earth if the earth were all plain, and had not those deep hollows, the earth would be all covered with water; because the water being lighter than the earth, would be above the earth, as the air is above the water.

Locke. Elements of Natural Philosophy, c. 7.

If we should offer to make a rude estimate, we should find that all the rivers in the world, flowing into the bed of the sea, with a continuance of their present stores, would take up at least 800 years to fill it to its present height. Goldsmith. Animated Nature, pt. i. c. 15.

A. S. Sele, seol, a sea calf; Sw. Sjal;

SEAL. Dut. Zeehond.

These seales be hardly killed, unlesse a man dash out their braines. In their sleepe, they seeme to low or blea, and thereupon they be called sea-calves.

Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 13. Proteus, thy song to heare, Seas list'ning stand, and windes to whistle fear; The lively dolphins dance, and bristly seales give eare. Fletcher. The Prize, Ecl. 7. He told us that at first he was forced to eat seal, which is very ordinary meat, before he had made hooks: but after ward he never killed any seals but to make lines, cutting their skins into thongs.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1683.

The price of raw hides is a good deal lower at present off the duty upon seal skins, and to the allowing, for a than it was a few years ago; owing probably to the taking limited time, the importation of raw hides from Ireland and from the plantations, duty free, which was done in 1769. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 11.

The seal, in general, resembles a quadruped in some respects; and a fish in others. The head is round, like that like those of a dog; the eyes large and sparkling; no exof a man; the nose broad like that of the otter; the teeth ternal ears, but holes that served for that purpose.

Goldsmith. Animated Nature, b. v. c. 5.

Fr. Seel, sean; It. Sigillo; Sp.

If from this houre
Within these hallowd limits thou appeer,
Back to th' infernal pit I drag thee chaind,
And seale thee so, as henceforth not to scorne
The facil gates of hell too slightly barrd.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

King. Clarence and Gloster, loue my louely queene, And kiss your princely nephew brothers both. Cia. The duty that I owe vnto your maiesty,

I seale vpon the lips of this sweet babe.

Shakespeare. Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 7. Yor. What seale is that that hangs without thy bosom t Yea, look'st thou pale? Let me see the writing. Id. Rich. II. Act ii. sc. 4.

Now pleasing sleep had seal'd each mortal eye.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. fi. Volkelius, more complaisant with respect to the name, turns all his resentment upon the thing, flatly denying that the Eucharist is a sacrament: his reason is, it neither exhibits nor seals any spiritual grace. Waterland. Works, vol. vii. p. 35.

The passion which fires the competitors in any honourable contest is a laudable ambition to excel; and the prize is no otherwise valued than as the mark and seal of victory.

Bp. Horsley, vol. ii. Šer. 27.

The use of seals, as a mark of authenticity to letters and other instruments in writing, is extremely antient. We read of it among the Jews and Persians in the earliest and most sacred records of history. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 20,

SEAM, v. SEAM, n. SEAMLESS.

SE'AMSTER, Or SE'MSTER. SE'MSTRESS.

SE'AMY.

A. S. Seam, seamster; Dut.
Soom;
Ger. Saum; Sw. Seom,
sutura; seoma, consuere.
Wachter derives from the Lat.
Su-ere. Skinner, from to
sew or to sow; or from Lat.
Sumen.

The line formed by sewing or sowing, the continued suture;-a suture, a juncture; a mark resembling a lineal suture.

And the coote was without seem and wouun al aboute, therfor thei seiden togidre, kitte we not it, but caste we lotte whos it is.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 19.

The coote was without seme, wroughte vpon thorowe oute, and they sayd one to another. Let vs not deuyd it, but cast lottes who shal haue it.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Let us than speke of chiding and repreving, which ben ful grete woundes in mannes herte, for they unsow the seames of frendship in mannes herte.

Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

O sheare that shreadst the seeme-rent sheete of shame.
Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew of Bathe.
And every seam the nymphs shall sew
With th' smallest of the spinner's clue.

Drayton. The Muses' Elysium, Nymphal 8. The remainders of thy sacred person are not yet free; the thy upon thy

SEAL, v.
SEAL, n.
Ger. Siegel; Sw. Sigill; A. S. Sigel, sigel-an;
Goth. Siglyan, ga-siglyan, signare, to sign, to set
or make a sign or mark. And see SEEL.

Sigilo: Lat. Sigillum: Dut. Seghel; soldiers have parted fly garments, and cast lots a crucifa.

To set a sign or mark, (sc.) in token of assent, affirmance, assurance; to affirm, or confirm, to assure, to secure; and also-(from the effect of sealing) to fasten, to fix; to fasten together, closely, to close, to shut.

The righteousness evangelical must be like Christ's seam-
less coat, all of a piece from the top to the bottom.
Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. L.

In these, heav'n's holy fire does vainly burn;
Nor warms, nor lights, but is in sparkles spent;
Where froward authors, with disputes, have torn
The garment seamles as the firmament.

Davenant. Gondibert, b. ii. c. 5.
His [Aristippus] delight was to paint shops of barbers,
R. Brunne, p. 29, shomakers, coblers, taylers and semsters.
Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 10.

Of him haf thei chartre seled with his seale.

For he had grantid ther to the chartre for to sele,
& after that selyng alle suld thei come
The barons & the kyng, & tak of tham hard dome.

Id. p. 300. And I saigh in the righthond of the sitter on the trone, a book writun withynne and without, and seelid with seuene seelis.-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 5.

He that it wrought, [the steed] he coude many a gin;
He waited many a constellation,
Or he had don this operation,
And knew ful many a sele and many a bond.
Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,429..

Lo! what is it that makes goose wings so scant,
That the distressed sempster did them want.
Bp. Hall, b. ii. Sat. 1.
Ismen. Of fidlers: Thou a company?
No, no, keep thy company at home, and cause cuckolds.
The wars will hurt thy face, there's no semsters.
Beaum. & Fletch. Cupid's Revenge, Act i. sc. 1.
Deli. Why, sir?

Fast. That you can consort yorselves with such poor seam-rent fellows.

B. Jonson. Every man out of his Humour, Act ii. sc. 2.

I am sorry I can follow the allegory so far, being inforined that now it is not only seam-ript but torn in the whole cloth. Fuller. Worthies. Sussex.

The subject of his sermon was, to prove, "That Christ's poverty was the pattern of humane perfection; and that men professing eminent sanctity should conform to his precedent, going on foot, feeding on barley bread, wearing seamless-woven coats, having no houses of their own, &c. Id. Ib. Yorkshire.

Emil. Oh fie vpon them: some such squire he was
That turn'd your wit, the seamy-side without,
And made you to suspect me with the Moore.
Shakespeare. Othello, Act iv. sc. 2.

Say, has the small or greater pox
Sunk down her nose, or seam'd her face!
Swift. Cassinus & Peter.

Which bids us seek

Som better shroud, from better warmth to cherish
Our limbs benumm'd, ere this diurnal starr
Leave cold the night, how we his gather'd beams
Reflected, may with matter sere foment.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x. & searedness of conscience; in citing an epistle so convicted And first he wonders at my extreame prodigality of credit, by Bellarmine, Baronicus.

Bp. Hall. Honour of the Married Clergie, § 5. There sate we, till we saw him feeding come, And on his necke a burthen lugging home, Most highly huge of sere-wood; which the pile That fed his fire, supplide all supper while. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. Ix.

To think well of ourselves, if we deserve it,-it is a lustre in us, and every good we have, strives to shew gracious,what use is it else? Old age like seer-trees, is seldom seen affected, stirs sometimes at rehearsal of such acts as his daring youth endeavour'd.

Beaum. & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act iii. sc. 1. If, indeed, we put epithets to conscience, and talk of a good conscience, or an evil conscience; a tender conscience, or a seared conscience, or the like; then it includes more, both in scripture, and in common language, than I have now mentioned.-Sharp, vol. ii. A Discourse of Conscience.

It. Saime; Lat. Sagina, fat. Cotgrave calls itThe tallow, fat or grease of a hog, or of a ravenous wild beast.

SEAR, v.
SEAR, adj.
SEAR, n.

SEA'REDNESS.

A. S. Sear-an; Dut. Sooren, soren, urere, arescere, siccare, to parch, to dry, to wither.

To parch, to burn, to dry, to wither; to dry up, the sap or moisture; to harden.

He felt him heuy & ferly seke, his body wex alle seere, His childre he wild auance, till he o lyue were.

R. Brunne, p. 18.
Sered pokettes, sal peter, and vitriole.
Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,213.

And Maie deuoid of all delite,
With seer braunches, blossoms vngrene.

Id. Rom. of the Rose. Breakinge and ill lucke in vowes I will passe over, with an hundred mo sere thinges, which chaunceth every day to them that shoote most.-Ascham. Toxophilus, b. i.

Therefore I have seene good shooters which would have for everye bowe a sere case, made of wullen clothe, and then you maye putte three or four of them so cased, into a lether case if you will,-Id. Ib. b. ii. p. 137.

Friar. Thy conscience, youth, is sear'd,
Else thou would'st stoop to warning.

Ford. 'Tis Pity she's a Whore, Act v. sc. 3.

Macb. Thou art too like the spirit of Banquo; down!
Thy crown does sear mine eye-balls.
Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. 1.

"All so my lustfull leafe is drie and sere,
My timely buds with wayling all are wasted."

Spenser. The Shepheard's Calender. Jan.

The scorging flame sore swinged all his face,
And through his armour all his body seard,
That he could not endure so cruell cace,
But thought his armes to leave, and helmet to unlace.
Id. Faerie Queene, b.i. c. 11.

He threw down before him a dry sear piece of leather, and then put his foot upon one of the ends of it.

North. Plutarch, p. 586.

Take to your better judgement my declining,
My age hung full of impotence, and ills,
My body budding now no more: seer winter
Hath seal'd that sap up, at the best and happiest
I can but be your infant.

Beaum. & Fletch. Monsieur Thomas, Act ii. sc. 4.

He is deformed, crooked, old, and sere,
Ill-fac'd, worse body'd, shapeless every where.

Shakespeare. Comedy of Errours, Activ. sc. 2.

i have liv'd long enough: my way of life

Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf:

And that which should accompany old age,

As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends,

I must not look to have.-Id. Macbeth, Act v. sc. S.

And here it will be requisite to shew what this searedness from that place of scripture, in 1 Tim. iv. 2. Having their consciences seared with a hot iron.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 2.

This once resolv'd, the peasants were enjoin'd
Sere-wood, and firs, and dodder'd oaks to find.
Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. ii.

O cruel! will not pang of pity pierce
That heart, by lust of lucre sear'd to stone?
Beattie. The Minstrel, b. 1.
"Twere wiser far
For me, enamour'd of sequester'd scenes,
And charm'd with rural beauty, to repose,
Where chance may throw me, beneath elm or vine,
My languid limbs, when summer sears the plains.
Cowper. Task.
See CERE, Cerecloth.
To close or fasten up, as with

SEAR, v.
SE'ARCLOTH.

wax, (cera.)

Whan this Charlys was dede, his fredys entedynge to haue caryed ye corps into Fraunce, causyd it to be seryd and enoynted with ryche and precyous oyntmentis, and aromatykes.-Fabyan. Chronycie, c. 175.

Thus this duke dyed in Calais; his body was enbaumed and seared in leed and couered, and so sente by see into Englande.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 226. Then perriwigs and searcloth gloves doth show, To make their hands as white as swan or snow.

Drayton. The Muses' Elysium, Nymph. 7.

Pod. I marked the man, if he be a man.
Fool. H'as much adoe to be so,
Searcloths and sirrups glew him close together,
He would fall a pieces else.

Beaum. & Fletch. A Wife for a Month, Act v. sc. 1. But in hell, God doth as it were wrap the whole man up in searcloth, and set it on fire round about them, so that they are tormented in every part, neither soul nor body escaping, nor any power or faculty of the one, nor any part or member of the other.-Hopkins. Works, Ser. 5.

That ellebore was like unto a valiant and hardie captaine : the bodie, it selfe issueth forth first and maketh way before for when (quoth he) it hath stirred all the humore within

them. Morover, there is a straunge and singular devise, To clip the root of ellebore with small sizzers or sheares into little peeces; then, to sift them through a sercer, that the bark or rind may remaine still.

So would to God, that authour is of kind,
That with his bond, love of his vertue list
To seachen hertes all, and fast bind,
That from his bond no weight the wey out wist.
Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b iv

Thei fellen vnto his accorde,
That Phorceus, of his recorde,
Whiche was an astronomien,
And eke a great magician,
Shulde of his calculacion
Serche of constellacion,

How thei the citee mighten gette.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. Now find I well this noble serche maye eke be called vayne. Surrey. Ecclesiastes, c. 2. For the divisions of Reuben, there were great searchings of heart.-Judges, v. 16.

Dyuers Troyans beynge vnder the rule of nobles of the same lygnage, as Helenus sone of Pryamus, Eneas, Anthenorus, and othere serchyd the worlde, and landyd in dyuers countries.-Fabyan. Cronycle, c. 76.

When searchers see, al corners in a shippe, (And spie no pens by any sight they see.)

Gascoigne. The Steele Glas. She was well pleasd, and forth her damzells sent Through all the woods, to search from place to place If any tract of him or tidings they mote trace. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 6.

Man. You are mistaken,

Prosperity does search a gentleman's temper,
More than his adverse fortune.
Beaum. & Fletch. The Custom of the Country, Act ii. sc. 1.

Yet you must see him, lest impatient love
Should urge his temper to too nice a search,
And ill-tim'd absence should disclose your crime.
Smith. Phædra & Hippolitus, Act iii.

With searching wisdom, fatal to their ease,
They still find out why what may should not please.
Rochester. Artemisa to Chloe.

Th' inticing smile; the modest-seeming eye,
Beneath whose beauteous beams, belying heaven,
Lurk searchless cunning, cruelty, and death.

Thomson. Spring.

O! teach me to reveal the grateful charm
That searchless nature o'er the sense of man
Diffuses, to behold, in lifeless things,
The inexpressive semblance of himself,
Of thought and passion.

Åkenside. Pleasures of Imagination, b. ill. along the shore, that he was in search of plants, which He told the people whom he met, as he was advancing indeed was also true.-Cook. First Voyage, b. iii. c. 13.

And scorn of wickedness, and esteem of our duty, shewn in practice, will recommend us, not only to fallible beings, but to the unerring searcher of our hearts, and final rewarder of our deeds.-Secker, vol. i. Ser. 13.

SEASON, n. SE'ASON, v. SEASONABLE. SEASONABLENESS. SEASONABLY. SEASONAGE. husbandry, the different times of the year: others SE'ASONING, n. from statio, q. d. says Skinner, temporis statio. (See Menage, Skinner, and Junius.) To season, Fr. Assaisoner, Skinner derives from Ger. Saltzen, salire, sale condire, to preserve with salt. Junius thinks the latter merely a metaphorical use of the former :-to preserve or prepare meats for keepSeason is applied toThe four divisions of the year; to a fit or proper, convenient or suitable time: a portion of

Fr. Saison; It. Stagiòne; Sp. Sazon, which some derive from satio, the time for sowing, setting, planting; and hence extended to the different periods for the different labours of

Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 323

time.

To season,-to do any thing at a fit or proper time; to prepare for fit or proper use; to prepare by time; to mature: to give a taste or savour; to savour, to qualify, to temper.

In somer seson thider wold he go,
And May his wif, and no wight but they two.
Chaucer. The Merchantes Tale, v. 9924.

The seson priketh every gentil herte, And maketh him out of his slepe to sterte, And sayth, "Arise, and do thin observance." Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1046. Some season, the englisshemen folowed them so nere, that all day they skyrmysshed toguyther; and in a skyr mysshe, this said lorde Wylliam Motague lost one of his yen. Berners. Froissart. Čronycle, vol. i. c. 26.

That I might be found faith full to my father, and Lord in distributyng vnto my bretheren and felowes of one faith, their due and necessary fode: so dressing it and seasonyng it, that the weake stomackes may receiue it also, and be the better for it.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 33.

A stele must be well seasoned for castinge, and it must be made as the graine lyeth, and as it groweth, or els it will never flye cleane.-Ascham. Toxophilus, b. il.

O she is falne

Into a pit of inke, that the wide sea

Hath drops too few to wash her cleane againe, And salt too little, which may season giue

To her foule tainted flesh.

Shakespeare. Much Adoe about Nothing, Act iv. sc. 1. Sicin. We charge you, that you haue contriv'd to take From Rome all season'd office, and to winde Your selfe into a power tyrannicall.

Id. Coriolanus, Actii. sc. 3. Then came faire May, the fayrest mayd on ground, Deckt all with dainties of her seasons pryde, And throwing floures out of her lap around.

Spenser. Faerie Queene. Of Mutabilitie, c. 7.

There be so many ill-favoured quick-sands, and rocks in the way (as I have it from a good hand) that one may easily take a prospect of your shipwrack if you go on: therefore desist, as you regard your own safety, and the seasonable advise of your J. H.-Howell, b. li. Let. 15.

Seasonablenesse is the best in all these things which have their ripenesse and decay. We can never hope too much of the timely blossomes of grace, whose spring is perpetuall, and whose harvest begins with our end.

Bp. Hall. Holy Observance. Thus seasonably did this grave and learned [Bullinger] man Instruct this young and towardly prince, [Edw. VI.]

Strype. Eccles. Mem. b. 1. c. 30.

In burthen'd vessels first, with speedy care,
His plenteous stores do season'd timber send:
Thither the brawny carpenters repair,
And as the surgeons of maim'd ships attend.
Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

Still sing the God of seasons, as they roll.
For me, when I forget the darling theme,
Whether the blossom blows, the summer-ray
Russets the plain, inspiring autumn gleams;
Or winter rises in the blackening east ;
Be my tongue mute, my fancy paint no more,
And, dead to joy, forget my heart to beat.

Thomson. A Hymn. And when they expire, the trade-wind (which constantly blows on that coast at W. S. W. an S. W.) returns with the customary seasonablenesse of weather.

Dampier. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 5.

I doubt not but they were very glad to have so great an authority as they thought him [Socinus] to be, to vouch for an interpretation which was so seasonably devis'd for the relief of their cause, in so much danger to be overthrown by a text that was so plain and full against them. Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 44.

Of all the creatures that have issued from the workmanship of omnipotence, there is none so pleasing, so refreshing, or rather so enlivening as the light; which is that, that gives a seasonage to all other fruitions, that lays open the bosom of the universe, and shews the treasures of nature; and in a word, gives opportunity to the enjoyment of all the other senses.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 14.

Charity is the grand seasonage of every christian duty: it gives it a gloss in the sight of God, and a value in the sense of men.-Id. vol. ix. Ser. 5.

Sharp hunger was their seasoning, or they took
Such salt as issued from the native rock.

King. Art of Cookery. This, besides giving us an opportunity to make the preceding observations, was very serviceable to us on many other accounts, and came at a very seasonable time. Cook. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 2. S. setol; Dut. Sate; See

SEAT, n. SEAT, V. SET, SIT:

} Ger. Sessel, ride, św. Säte.

That on which we set or sit, put or place any thing; in which we reside or dwell;-place or position.

To seat,-to put or place on a seat; to put or place; to reside; to fix.

Then spake Jesus to ye people, and to his disciples, sayinge: The scribes and the pharises syt in Moses seate.

Bible, 1551. Ib. I woot where thou dwellist, where the seate of Satanas is. Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 2. I know thi workes & wher thou dwellest, euen wher Satans seat is.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Who climeth oft on hie, and trusts the rotten bowe: If that bow breake may catch a fall, such state stande I in now.

Me thought I was a loft, and yet my seate full sure.
Gascoigne. Flowers.

The drie coler, with his hete,
By weie of kynde his propre sete
Hath in the galle, where he dwelleth.

Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

He followed fast, and chaced him so nie,
That to the folds, where sheepe at night doe seul,
And to the litle cots, where shepherds lie
In winters wrathfull time, he forced him to flie.

Birds are better meat than beasts, because their flesh doth assimilate more finely, and secerneth more subtilly. Bacon The pituite or mucus, secerned in the nose, mouth, palate, stomach, intestines, and wind-pipe, is not an excrementitious but a laudable humour. Arbuthnot. On Aliments, c. 6. SE'CLE. Lat. Seculum; Fr. Siècle; It. St

colo.

Before I see thee seated in that throne,
Which now the house of Lancaster vsurpes,

I vow by Heauen, these eyes shall neuer close.
Shakespeare. 3 Pt. Hen. VI. Act i. sc. 1
Not Babylon,

Nor great Alcairo such magnificence
Equal'd in all thir glories, to inshrine
Belus or Serapis thir Gods, or seat
Thir kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove
In wealth and luxury.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i.
Light as the lightning glimps they ran, they flew,
From thir foundations loosning to and fro
They pluckt the seated hills with all thir load,
Rocks, waters, woods.-Id. Ib. b. vi.

Peace shall goe sleepe with Turkes and Infidels,
And in this seat of peace, tumultuous warres
Shall kinne with kinne, and kinde with kinde confound.
Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act iv. sc. 1.

Or whether that the body publique, be
A horse whereon the gouernor doth ride,
Who newly in the seale, that it may know
He can command; lets it strait feell the spur.

Id. Measure for Measure, Act i. sc. 3.
Seest thou yon dreary plain, forlorn and wilde,
The seat of desolation, voyd of light,
Save what the glimmering of these livid flames
Casts pale and dreadful.-Milton. Paradise Lost. b. i.
Rais'd of grassie terf

Thir table was, and mossie seats had round.-Id. Ib. b. v.
The gates of heaven unfold; Jove summons all
The gods to council in the common hall.
Sublimely seated, he surveys from far
The fields, the camp, the fortune of the war.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. x.
And o'er the seat, with plenteous wadding stuff'd,
Induc'd a splendid cover, green and blue,
Yellow and red, of tap'stry richly wrought
And woven close, or needle-work sublime.

Cowper. Task.

SE'CANT. Lat. Secans, cutting. A line so called because it cuts another line, called the tangent.

Upon the whole I observe that the same line cannot be both tangent and secant.—Berkeley. The Analyst, § 25. SECE'DE, v. SECE'DER. SECE'SS.

Lat. Secedere, (se, and cedere, to go,) to go away from. To go away, depart, or seSECE'SSION. parate from. Seceder is a common name. Silent secess, waste solitude.

More. Song of the Soul, (1647,) b. iv. Pref. Under the times of the gospell, what need we any other witnesse then the cels and cloysters of retired votaries, whose very secession proclaimes their contempt of sinfull seculars; and doth as good as say,-This people, which knoweth not the law, is accursed?

Bp. Hall. Peace Maker, § 8. The brave with tyrant ministers contests; Instead of speeches now I'll write protests; Call back the thunderstruck seceding crew, Instead of going out, I'll turn out you.

Cambridge. Parody on Death and the Lady. The seceding members had again resumed their seats in the House of Commons; and Mr. Pulteney, thought proper to vindicate the extraordinary step, which they had taken. Smollet. Hist. of England, an. 1739.

[Sir Rob. Walpole] affirmed the nation was generally sentowards the end of the last session, were greatly forwarded sible that the many useful and popular acts which passed and facilitated by the secession of those rentlemen.-Id. Ib.

To shut, keep, or confine, away from; to keep private or apart, in close retirement or solitude. But you haue bene of long continuaunce secluded from the scriptures, whiche is cause of such grosse errours as ye are now fallen in, so that ye could neither search them, nor yet once looke on them.-Fryth. Workes, p. 3. To the Reader.

For how can we think of him without dread and reverence, when we consider how he is secluded by the infinite sacredness of his own Majesty from all immediate converse and intercourse with us.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 7.

If they have any vices, he will now be in much greater danger of moral infection, and will suffer worse consequences from it, than if he had not been secluded from boys at a boyish age.-Knox. Works, vol. iii. p. 397.

The invincible mansion of departed spirits, though certainly not a place of penal confinement to the good, is nevertheless in some respects a prison. It is a place of seclusion from the external world.

SECOND, adj. SE'COND, N. SECOND, V. SECONDARY, adj. SECONDARY, N. SECONDARILY. SECONDARINESS. SE'CONDER.

Bp. Horsley, vol. ii. Ser. 20. Fr. Seconde, seconder; It. Secondo, secondàre; Sp. Segundo, segundar; Lat. Secundus, from sequi, or sec-are; from seq-ui, secundus, sequitur primum; from sec-are; in se-cundo, sectio sive divisio incipit, cumunum sit indivisum. See Vossius and Martinius. The next in place or order to the first; the next in degree. To second,

To stand or be placed, to follow or succeed, next to; in assistance, support, aid, or maintenance; to assist, to support, to aid, to maintain. Jhesus dide efte this recounde tokene, whanne he cam fro Judee into Galilee.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 4.

Thys is againe the seconde myracle, that Jesus dyd, after he was come oute of Jewrye into Galile.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Secondaryly I say that no man is so great a sinner, if he repent and beleue, but that he is righteous in Crist and in the promises; yet if thou looke on the flesh and vnto the law there is no man so perfect that is not founde a sinner. Tyndall. Workes, p. 120.

First of al on my part I should abstain from al commercement with that party, either by word, writing or deed: secundarily, procure by al honest wayes, if I would not by dishonest, to repair this malignity.

Strype. Eccles. Records. Hen. VIII. No. 84.
When in that way they went, next Sebert them succeeds,
Scarce seconded again for sanctimonious deeds.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 11.

The great Seianus crackes, and of that face,
Which once the second in the world was nam'd,
Are basons, frying pans, and dishes fram'd.

Beaumont. Juvenal, Sat. x.
Soul. There is one desperate fellow, has broke into us,
And here he bangs ye two or three before him,
There five or six; ventures upon whole companies.
Ptol. And is not seconded?

Soul. Not a man follows. Beaum. & Fletch. The Humourous Lieutenant, Aet iii. sc. 6.

If Europe herself hath so many mother languages, quite discrepant one from the other, besides secondary tongues and dialects, which exceed the number of their mothers, what shall we think of the other three huge continents in point of different languages.-Howell, b. ii. Let. 60.

But here you exclaim, of the "strange abuse made of quotations and second-hand representations."

Waterland. Works, vol. til. p. 114.