It was an hill plaste in an open plaine,

That round about was bordered with a wood

Yee that in waters glide, and yee that walk
The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. Fount. Sirra, we have so lookt for thee, and long'd for thee; this widow is the strangest thing, the stateliest, and stands so much upon her excellencies.

Beaum & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act ii. sc. 1.

If my strict face and counterfeited statelyness
Could have won on ye, I had caught ye that way;
And you should never have come to have known who
hurt ye.
Id. The Maid in the Mill, Act v. sc. 2.

To the said dukes (of Lancaster] house of the Sauoie, in beautie and statelinesse of building, with all maner of princelie furniture, there was not any other in the realme comparable.-Holinshed. Rich. II. an. 1381.

In a dark text, these states-men left their mindes;
For well they knew, that monarch's ministry
(Like that of priests) but little rev'rence findes,
When they the curtain ope to ev'ry eye.

Davenant. Gondibert, b. ii. c. 5. The word statesmen, is of great latitude, sometimes signifying such who are able to manage offices of state, though never actually called thereunto. Fuller. General Worthies, c. 6.

It differed from a colony, most of all in that a colony was a progeny of the city, and this of such as were received into state-favour and friendship by the Roman.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 16. Illustrations.

She tooke her state-chair; and a foot-stooles stay
Had for her feete; and of her husband, thus
Askt to know all things.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv.

The actions of the prince, while they succeed,
Should be made good, and glorified; not question'd.
Men do but shew their all affections, that-

Aub. What? speak out.

Lat. Do. murmur against their masters.

Aub. Is this to me?

Lat. It is to whosoever mislikes of the dukes courses.
Aub. I! ist so? at your stateward, Sir?

Beaum. & Fletch. The Bloody Brother, Act iv. sc. 1.

I would therefore see the most subtile state-monger in the world chalk out a way for his maiestie to meditate for grace, and favour for the protestants, by executing at this time the severity of the lawes upon the papists.

Cabbala. The Lord Keeper to Lord Visc. Anan. p. 111. The greatest politician is the greatest fool; for he turns all his religion into hypocrisy, into statisme, yea into atheisme; making Christianity a very foot-stoole to policy. Junius. Sin Stigmat. (1639) p. 613.

Gonz. And besides them I keep a noble train, Statists, and men of action.

Beaum & Fletch. The Laws of Candy, Act ii. sc. 1. You are an eminent statist, be a father To such unfriended virgins, as your bounty Hath drawn into a scandal.

Ford. The Fancies Chaste & Noble, Act iii. sc. 2. Therfore Cicero, not in his Tusculan or companion retirements among the learned wits of that age, but even in the senate to a mixt auditory (though he were sparing otherise to broach his phylosophy among statists and lawyers) yet as to this point both in his oration against Piso, and in that which is about the answers of the sooth-sayers against Clodius, he declares it publickly as no paradox to common ears, that God cannot punish man more, nor make him more miserable, than still by making him more sinful.

Millon. Doct. & Disc. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 3. The people looking one while on the statists, whom they beheld without constancy or firmness, labourin doubtfully beneath the weight of their own too high undertakings, busiest in petty things. trifling in the main, deluded and quite alienated, expressed divers ways their disaffection; some des ising whom before they honoured, some deserting, some inveighing, some conspiring against them.

Id. History of England, b. ii. Neither indeed are there any publick monuments at all extant, in which it [Hylozoick atheism] is avowedly maintained, slated and reduced into any system Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 145.

As she affected not the grandeur of a state with a canopy, she thought there was no offence in an elbow-chair. Swift. History of John Bull.

Among the first, it [a state of trial] teaches us to be satisfied with our different stations in this world. The very nature of a state of trial shews us the necessity of being satisfied with God's appointment of it. Gilpin, vol. ii. Ser. 33.

Make it not a time of acting contrary to religion, but statedly use the opportunities it gives you, of learning and being reminded of your several duties, which you must be sensible you need.-Secker, vol. ii. Ser. 11.

Obliging such to an unreasonable attendance, making them wait long, and it may be, return often, (when perhaps only idleness, or caprice, or occupations that might well be

interrupted, prevent their being dispatched immediately) is a very provoking and a very injurious kind of stateliness.

When, like a Mars (fear order'd to retreat
We saw thee nimbly vault into his seat,
Into the seat of pow'r, at one bold leap,
A perfect connoisseur in statesmanship,

Id. Ser. 7.

Churchill. The Candidate.

The science of balancing, poising or weighing. But we may be easily delivered of this solicitude, if we consider the nature of the windes, the nature of these vehicles, and the statick power of the soul.

More. Immortality of the Soul, b. iii. c. 159. They still retain the same laws and characters, which are the statick principles or forms that individuate them, and keep them still the same.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 7.

I had oftentimes the satisfaction, by looking first upon the statical baroscope (as for distinction's sake it may be called) to foretel, whether in the mercurial baroscope the liquor were high or low.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 140.

Little accurateness [is] wont to be employed in weighing things, by those that are not versed in statical affairs. Id. Ib. p. 285.

The approach of a fit of the gout is easily known by the inward disorders, as wind, sickness, crudities in the stomack, a drowsiness, these joined with the season or weather, if such a one by a statical engine could regulate his insensible perspiration, he might often, by restoring of that, foresce, prevent, or shorten his fit-Arbuthnot. On Diel, c. 4.

Now this is a catholic rule of staticks; that if any body be bulk for bulk heavier than a fluid, it will sink to the bottom of that fluid; and if lighter, it will float upon it; having part of it self extant, and part immersed to such a determinate depth, as that so much of the fluid as is equal in bulk to the immersed part, be equal in gravity to the whole.-Bentley. Confutation of Atheism, Ser. 4.

STATION, n. STATION, v. STA'TIONARY. STATIONARY, N. STATIONER.

Fr. Station; It. Stazione; Sp. Estacion; Lat. Statio, a station, a place to stand in. A stand or standing, a place, or position, situation, condition; stated place, or position. Stationary.-pertaining to place or station; remaining, abiding, continuing in a place or station. Also pertaining to a stationer.

Stationer, Delpino says, (Sp. Estacionero,) is the old name for a bookseller. Skinner thinks stationers are so called because they had their shops in one station or place; and cites Saint Paul's Church-yard as an instance confirming his conjecture. It is not improbable that the name may have been given to the sellers of books, paper, &c. from the stalls or stations kept by them, especially at fairs, as is still the case at Leipsic, Francfort, and other towns in Germany. Sheldon speaks of-standing stationers and assistants at miracle markets, and miracle forges, (Miracles of Antichrist, p. 175.) And see Pegge's Anecdotes

Besides, it were a coward's part to fly
Now from my hold, that have let out so well;
It b'ing the station of my life, where I
Am set to serve, and stand as centinel.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. viii.

Let tyrants fierce

Lay waste the world; his the more glorious part
To check their pride; and when the brazen voice
Of war is hush'd (as erst victorious Rome)
To employ his station'd legions in the works
Of peace.

Somervile. The Chace.
This youth had station'd many a warlike band
Of horse and foot, which, at the king's command,
He lately rais'd from all the neighbouring land.
Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxiii

No powder'd pert, proficient in the art
Of sounding an alarm, assaults these doors
Till the street rings; no stationary steeds
Cough their own knell, while, heedless of the sound,
The silent circle fan themselves, and quake.

Cowper. Task, b. iv. Though the wealth of a country should be very great, yet if it has been long stationary, we must not expect to find the wages of labour very high in it.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 8.

To finish the anti-climax, it [the ancient house of the. dukes of Bretagne] was finally possessed by the company of stationers, who rebuilt it of wood and made it their liall Pennant. London.

Fr. Statue, stature; It. Stàtua, statùra; Sp. Estatua,

STA'TISM. See STATE.
STATUE, n.
STA'TUED.
STA'TUARY, adj.
STA'TUARY, N.
STA'TURE, n.
STA'TURED.

tura, from statuere, and that from statum, past part. of stare, to stand.

Statue, formerly also written statua, is applied to an image, form or figure (of metal, stone, &c.) set up.

Stature, to the height of any one standing. And he soughte to se Jhesus who he was: and he myght not for the puple, for he was litil in stature.

Wiclif. Luk, c. 19. And he made meanes to se Jesus, what he shuld be: and could not for the preace, because he was of a lo statur. Bible, 151. Ib.

This proude king let make a statue of gold
Sixty cubites long, and seven in brede,
To which image bothe yonge and old
Commanded he to loute, and have in drede.

Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,165.
Young was this queene, of twenty yere old,
Of middle stature, and of such fairnesse,
That Nature had a ioy her to behold,
And to speaken of her stedfastnesse,
She passed hath Penelope and Lucresse.

Id. Of Queen Annelida & false Arcite. The yongest of them had of age Fourtene yere, and of visage She was right faire, and of ziature Liche to an heuenly figure.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

This Ebranke was also a man of fayre stature & of great strength, and by his power and myght he enlarged his domy

daintily, to be finely clad.—Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 21.

Hence, it is that the enemies of God take occasion to claspheme, and call our religiou statism.

South, vol. i. Ser. 4.

tion from Hooker.

Tofore the creacion

Of ony worldes stacion,

Of heuen, of erthe, or eke of hell,

So as these olde bokes tell,

As soune to fore the songe is set,

And yet thei ben to gether knet.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

For if thou behold the proportion of thy body, stature or beauty, thou shalt easily perceive that it cometh of God, euen by the words of Christe whych exhorteth vs not to be carefull.-Fryth. Workes, p. 84.

And let there be a fountaine, or some faire worke of statua's in the middest of this court.

Bacon, Ess. On Building,

Buck. No so helpe me God, they spake not a word, But like dumbe statuer, or oreathing stones.

Shakespeare. Rich. III. Act iii. sc. 7.

O thou sencelesse forme,
Thou shalt be worship'd, kiss'd, lou'd, and ador'd;
And were there sence in his idolatry,
My substance should be statue in thy stead.

Id. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act iv. sc. 4.

The eye is dim, in the discoloured face; and the whole man becomes as if statued into stone and earth.

Feltham, pt. i. Res. 36.

An hideous geaunt, horrible and hye,

That with his tallnesse seemd to threat the skye;
The ground eke groned under him for dreed:
His liuing like saw never living eye,

Ne durst behold; his stature did exceed
The hight of three the tallest sonnes of mortal seed.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 7.

I match him [Tusser] with Thomas Churchyard; they being mark'd alike in their poeticall parts, living in the same time, and statur'd alike in their estates; both low enough, I assure you.-Fuller. Worthies. Essex.

How doth the giant honour seeme
Well statur'd in my fond esteeme.

J. Hall. Poems, (1646.) And therefore Plato banished poets from his commonwealth. and Moses, (as Plato in his booke of gyants witnesseth) both painting and the statuary art.

Hakewell. Apology, b. iii. c. 5.

Yet (as the statuary,
That by the large size of Alcides's foot,
Guess'd at his whole proportion) so we hope
Your apprehensive judgments will conceive
Out of the shadow we can only shew,
How fair the body was.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Prophetess, Activ. sc. 1.

The word statue may be explained to a blind man by other words, when picture cannot; his senses having giving him the idea of figure, but not of colours, which therefore words cannot excite in him. This gained the prize to the painter against the statuary.-Locke. Hum. Underst, b. iii. c. 4.

This is that idea of perfection in an epic poem, which painters and statuaries have only in their minds; and which no hands are able to express.—Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, Ded.

Whether because the image and statue-worshippers among the pagans (whom the apostle there principally regards) did direct all their external devotion to sensible objects, and creaturely forms?—Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 73.

"Oh why! my son, why now no more appears
That warmth of soul that urg'd thy younger years!
Thy riper days no growing worth impart,
A man in stature, still a boy in heart!"

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xviii. In this town may be seen an equestrian statue in a modern dress, which may be sufficient to deter future artists

from any such attempt; even supposing no other objection, the familiarity of the modern dress by no means agrees with the dignity and gravity of sculpture. Reynolds, vol. ii. Disc. 10. The vulgar eye gazes with equal satisfaction on the canvass of a Titian, and the daubings of a sign-post, and discovers no more ingenuity in the works of the statuary than in the rude image of the mere mechanic. Knox. Essays, No. 68. STATUMINATE, v. Lat. Statuminare, (from statuere, to set up.)

To set up. (sc.) as a support, a prop; to support, to establish.

I will statuminate and under-prop thee.
If they scorn us, let us scorn them.

B. Jonson. The New Inn, Actii. sc. 2.

This, which we call the law of instituted and statuminated nature, is his law and his institution, and the connexion of natural effects to their natural causes is his institution, his law, his order.-Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 346.

STATUTE. STATUTABLE.

STATUTABLY.

STATUTORY.

Fr. Statut; It. Statuto; Sp. Estatuto; Lat. Statutum, from statuere, to set up, fix, establish.

A fixed or established-law, decree, judgment. In England the written or statute law, is distinguished from the unwritten or common law.

The first statute that on the booke was spred,
Was to be true in thought and deeds all
Unto the king of loue the lord ryall,

And to the quene as faithfull and as kind,
As I coud thinke with herte, will and mind.
Chaucer. The Court of Loue.

For the other partie was so stronge,
That for the lawe of no statute
There maie no right be execute.-Gower. Con. 4. b. ii.

In many thinges forboden by sondry statutes for the comon weale, as against ye great excesse of apparell and some suche other thinges: the law doth inuyte and hyre euery man to the accusing of the breakers of the same by giuing them the tone half of the forfaiture. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 993. Yet such as these laws, that men argue yet, Whether a man those statutes can fulfil; None doth; by thy all-healing grace and spirit Revive again, what law and letter kill.-Donne, Son. 16. This fellow might be in's time a great buyer of land, with his statutes, his recognizances, his fines.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1.

But hops have since out-grown and over-topped all these accusations, being adjudged wholesome, if statutable and "unmixed with any powder, dust, dross, sand, or other soyl whatsoever."-Fuller. Worthies. Essex.

He was statutably admitted into Saint Johns Colledge in
Cambridge, as many years after incorporated a honorary
member of Christ Church in Oxford.-Id. Ib. Westminster.
Fops in the town more easily will pass,
One story makes a statutable ass:

But such in plays must be much thicker sown,
Like yolks of eggs, a dozen beat to one.

Dryden. Prol. to Sir Martin Marr-all.

Ben [Jonson] went to Cambridge, and was, as 'tis said, statutably elected into St. John's Coll. but what continuance he made there I find not.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon. vol. i.

The oldest of these [statutes, acts, or edicts] now extant, and printed in our statute books, is the famous magna charta, as confirmed in parliament 9 Hen. III.

Blackstone. Commentaries, Introd.

They barely keep the term; that is, they spend no more time in the university than is necessary to give them a statutable claim to graduation.—Knox. Liberal Education.

All these different statutory regulations seem to have been made with great propriety. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 9. See STAFF.

STAVE. STAUNCH. STAY, v. STAY, N. STA'YEDNESS. STA'YER.

STA'YLESS.

See STANCH.

Fr. Estaye, estayer; Dut. Staen; Ger. Stehen, to stand or cause to stand.

To stand, to keep or remain standing, to remain, to continue, to abide, to dwell, to stop, to wait; to stop or keep, to cease, from motion; to obstruct or hinder, to withhold, to delay, to retard.

To stand or cause to stand; to keep or hold or retain standing; to uphold, to maintain, to support, to prop.

Stayed, adj. (met.)-constant, sedate, composed, steady; self-possessed, self-commanding. Stays, n., for the body-in the tackling of a ship,-to support, to keep firm or steady. Thy holye worde of eterne excellence, Thy mercyes promyse, that is all-waye iuste, Haue ben my staye, my piller, and defence.

Wyat. Psalm 130. And in meane whyle it hopeth to aduaunce His staylesse state, by sworde, by speare, by shielde. Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre. Zelmane, who had already in her mind both what and how to say, stept out unto him, and with a resolute staydness, void either of anger, kindness, disdain or humbleness, spoke in this sort.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. iii.

Eftsoones his warlike courser, which was strayd
Farre in the woodes whiles that he lay in swownd,
So made those damzels search; which being stayd,
They did him set thereon, and forth with them convayd.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8.
For nothing would she lenger there be stayd,
Where so loose life, and so ungentle trade,
Was usd of knightes and ladies seeming gent.-Id. Ib. c.1.
Religious Alred so, from Rydal we receive,
The abbot, who to all posterity did leave
The fruits of his stay'd faith, delivered by his pen.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 24.
Our whole fleete, in we got; in whole receipt
Our ships lay anchor'd close: nor needed we
Feare harme on any states.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. x. They come up many times of their owne accorde, in some low grounds where there is a settling or stay of raine water fallen from higher places.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxi. c. 3. A base spirit has this vantage of a brave one, it keeps alwayes at a stay, nothing brings it down, not beating.

Beaum. & Fletch. A King & No King, Act iii. The loue of things doth argue stayednesse; but leuitie and want of experience maketh apt vnto innouations. Hooker. Ecclesiastical! Politie, b. v. §7.

And when the Picts did see their king depria's
Of vitall life, Lord, how they fled the field!
They made me muse, to see how fast they striu'd,
With stailesse steppes, ech one his life to shield.
Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 187.
Our stay-ship Echeneis, Trebius Niger saith is a foot long,
and five fingers thick, and that oftentimes it staieth a ship.
Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 25.

So Moses when the pest on legions prey'd
Advanc'd his signal, and the plague was slay'd.
Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel.

Who can believe what varies every day,
Nor ever was, nor will be, at a stay?

Id. The Hind and the Panther. When the Manila ship first puts to sea, she takes on board a much greater quantity of water than can be stowed between decks, and the jars which contain it are hung all about the shrouds and stays, so as to exhibit at a distance a very odd appearance.-Anson. Voyages, b. ii. c. 10.

I own, her taper shape is form'd to please:
Yet, if you saw her unconfin'd by stays!
She doubly to fifteen may make pretence;
Alike we read it in her face and sense.-Gay. The Toilette
May Jove the guardian of the capitol,

He, the great stayer of our troops in rout, Fulfil your hopes, and animate the cohorts.-4. Philips. We affirm on the contrary, that their supposed courage, stayedness and sobriety, is really nothing else but the dull credulity, and earthly diffidence or distrust. and sottish stupidity of their minds; dead and heavy inCudworth. Intellectual System, p. 658.

After a stay of more than two months at Concordia, their number was diminished nearly one half by sickness, in consequence of the fatigue and hardship which they had suffered by the shipwreck, and the survivors were sent in a small vessel to Europe.-Cook. First Voyage, b. iii. e. 9.

Neither our sails nor rigging could withstand it, several of the sails being split, and a middle stay-sail being wholly lost. Id. Second Voyage, b. iv. c. 7.

She springs aloof once more While the fore stay-sail balances before.

STEAD, n. -STEAD, v.

Falconer. Shipwreck. Goth. Studs; A. S. Stede; Dut. Stede; Ger. Statt; Sw. Stad. Tooke says, - Our oldest English writers more rarely used the French word place, but most commonly the Goth. and A. S. Studs, sted, stede. Wiclif, however, commonly uses place. Stads, stede, stead is place, (of standing,) place stood or staid in.

STEADFAST. STEADFASTLY. STEA'DFASTNESS. STEADY, adj. STEA'DY, V. STEA'DILY. STEA'DINESS.

STEA'DSHIP.

Dut. Stede-vast, steadfast, placed fast, fast in place; keeping, holding fast, firm, fixed; established, determined, resolute.

Stead, v.-to hold, keep, or take place; to stand to;-to assist, to aid, to support.

Steady is much used in composition; affixed,

Alas! alas! thou wrecche mon, wuch mys auenture
Hathe the ybrogt in to thys stede.-Id. p. 205.

The erles & the barons were wel studeuaste,
Vor to amende that lond.-Id. p. 533.

Be ghe wrothe and nyle ghe do synne, the sunne fall not doun on ghoure wraththe, nyle ghe gyue stide [locum] to the deuel.-Wiclif. Effesies, c. 4.

Fro Gork vnto Durhem no wonyng stede was. R. Brunne, p. 76. We say with word stedfaste, we chefe Baliol Jon. Id. p. 250. And heng his hoper on hus hals. in stede of a scrippe. Piers Ploukman, p. 131. Therfore my dereworthe bitheren, be ghe stidefast, and unmouable, beynge plenteouse in werk of the Lord, euermore witynge that ghoure traueil is not idil in the Lord. Wiclif. 1 Cor. c. 15.

Therfore my deare brethren be ye stedfast & unmouable, alwayes rych in ye workes of the Lorde, for as muche that ye knowe howe that your labour is not in vayne in the Lorde.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Effesians ben of asie. these whanne thei hadden resseyed the word of treuthe abiden stidefastli in the feith. Wiclif. Efferies, Prol

Geffray, thou wotest well this,

That euery kindely thynge that is
Hath a kindly stede there he
May best in it conserued be.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii.

Right so dothe Stelthe in every stede

Where as bym list his preie take.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

But take this lore into thy wit

That all thyng hath tyme & stede.—Id. Ib.

I find daunger in her stede

An myn answere of hym I haue.-Id. Ib. b. iii.

"For though I had you to morow agayne, I might as well hold Aprill from rayne, As holde you to maken stedfast."

"O tendre, o dere, o yonge children mine,
Your woful mother wened stedfastly,
That crue! houndes, or som foul vermine
Had eten you.

Id. The Clerkes Tale, y. 8969.

Yong was this queene, of twenty yere old,
Of middle stature, and of soch fairnesse,
That nature had a joy her to behold,
And for to speaken of her stedfastnesse,
She passed hath Penelope and Lucresse.

Id. Queen Annelida & false Arcite.

In vaine trauaile men to catch anye stedshyp, but if ye lady firste the locke vnshet, ye lady lerne vs the waies and the bypathes to heauen.-Id. The Testament of Loue, b. i.

Therfore commaundeth he that chrysten men which be in chrystendome wylling to reserue the stedfastnesse of true faith, should flie vnto no other thing but vnto scriptures. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 782. Himself, which methinks is strange, shewing at one instant both steadiness and nimbleness; sometimes making hen turn close to the ground, like a cat, when scratchingly she wheels about after a mouse.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii. Flie therefore, flie this fearefull stead anon, Least thy foolhardize worke thy sad confusion. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 4.

His hornes bent so inward with their tips toward his head, that they serve him in no steed at all for fight, either to offend or defend himseife.-Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 15.

I could neuer better steed thee then now.-Put money in thy purse.-Shakespeare. Othello, Act i. sc. 3.

And now followes all. we shall aduise this wronged maid to steed vp your appointment, goe in your place. Id. Meas. for Meas. Act iii. sc. 1.

This ring was mine, and when I gaue it Hellen,

1 bad her if her fortunes euer stoode

Necessitied to helpe, that by this token

I would releeue her. Had you that craft to reaue her

Of what should stead her most!

Id. All's Well that Ends Well, Act v. sc. 3.

I pray'd for children, and thought barrenness
In wedlock a reproach; I gain'd a son,
Such a son as all men hail'd me happy:
Who would be now a father in my stead?

Millon. Samson Agonistes.
And, strongly wading through the waves unused,
With speare in th' one hand stayd himselfe upright,
With th' other staide his lady up with steddy might.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 3.

When presently a parliament is call'd,
To set things steady that stood not so right.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.

Otherwise it [aire] would be no better figured nor more steddily kept together then the fume of tobacco or the reek of chimneys.-More. Antidote against Atheism, App.

Which word ueve he often uses in setting out the steddimess and immutableness of the matter, in that sense that Plato uses it in speaking of the stability of the earth.

Id. Defence of the Philosophic Cabbala, App.

"So likewise are all watry living wights
Still tost and turned with continuall change,
Never abidyng in their stedfast plights."

Spenser. Faerie Queene. Of Mutabilitie, c. 7.

The youth with pleasure on the flood doth gaze,
And in their watery glass his face surveys,
Admiring with a look stedfastly set,

His real beauty in his counterfeit.-Sherburne. Salmacie.
But when strong passion, or weake fleshlinesse,
Would from the right way seeke to draw him wide,
He would, through temperaunce and stedfastnesse,
Teach him the weake to strengthen, and the strong sup-
presse.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 4.

Gonzalo, appointed master of that black design, gave us rich garments, and all necessaries, which since have steaded much.-Dryden. The Tempest, Act i.

Our brethren of New England use
Choice malefactors to excuse.
Aud hang the guiltless in their stead,
Of whom the churches have less need.

Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 2.

Id. Ib. b. v.

If they were divers motions, they did so stealingly slip one into another, as the latter part was ever in hand, before the eye could discern the former was ended.

Sidney. Arcadia, b. li.

Then rise, yee blessed flocks! and home apace,
Lest night with stealing steppes do you foresloe,
And wett your tender lambs that by you trace.

Spenser. The Shepheard's Calender. June.
Gold makes
Diana's rangers false themselues, yield vp
Their deere to th' stand o' th' sleuler.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act ii. sc. 3.
For on his backe a heavy load he bare
Of nightly stelths.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 3.
And wither'd murther,
Alarum'd by his centineli, the wolfe,
Whose howle's his watch, thus with his stealthy pace,
With Tarquins rauishing sides, towards his designe
Moues like a ghost.-Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act ii. sc. 1.
To me then declare ;

(O ould man, long since borne) if thy graue raie
Hath any man seene, making stealthfull waie
With all these oxen!

Chapman. Homer. A Hymne to Hermes. Well she looks, I am sure, and in my fancy draws towards the countenance of her sister Stanhop more and more, but stealingly.-Reliquiae Wottonianæ, p. 462.

Thus the taking from another what is his, without his knowledge or allowance, is properly called stealing; but that name being commonly understood to signify also the moral pravity of the action, and to denote its contrariety to the law, men are apt to condemn whatever they hear called stealing as an ill action, disagreeing with the rule of right. Locke. Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 29.

For rolling years, like stealing waters, glide;
Nor hope to stop their ever-ebbing tide.

Congreve. Ovid Imitated. A disease neglected at first, that stealingly slips into the habit of the body, and gradually weakens nature, becomes at last incontrolable and incurable.-Bates, vol. iv. Ser. 8.

The second offence, more immediately affecting the personal security of individuals, relates to the female part of and marriage; which is vulgarly called stealing an heiress. his majesty's subjects; being that of their forcible abduction Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 15.

We landed in a district, which was the dominion of a chief called Maraitata, the burying-place of men, whose father's naine was Pahairedo, the stealer of boats. Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 15.

My tongue
Scarce nam'd Arviragus, ere the false stranger
(As I bethink me since) with stealthy pace
Fled to the cavern's mouth.

Mason. Caractacus. STEAM, v. A. S. Stym-an, to steume or STEAM, N. perfume a place; stem-an, steme, to smell, to breath, to smoke, to steme or send forth vapours, (Somner.)

To send forth or emit, a reek or vapour; to reek, to evaporate, to exhale; usually applied to moisture.

Steamer, a carriage, a ship, &c. acted upon, propelled, forced, conveyed along by steam. And, shaking off his drowzy dreriment Gan him avize, howe ill did hini beseme In slouthfull sleepe his molten hart to steme, And quench the brond of his conceived yre.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. The inward smoke, that did before but sleeme, Broke into open fire and rage extreme.-Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 8. By the fume or vapour thereof sleeming through the same linnen clout, they be choked and killed.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxix. c. 4. The wealthy household swarme of bondmen met, And 'bout the steeming chimney_set!

B. Jonson. The Praises of a Country Life.

So forcible it [brimstone] is, that if it bee cast into the fire, the verie smell and steeme thereof will drive those in the place into a fit of the falling sicknesse, if they bee subject thereunto.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 15.

The greater part of the towne [Rosse] is steepe and steaming vpward.-Holinsked. Description of Ireland, c. 3.

But wandering oft, with brute unconscious gaze,
Man marks not thee, marks not the mighty hand,
That, ever-busy, wheels the silent spheres ;
Works in the secret deep; shoots, steaming, thence
The fair profusion that o'erspreads the spring.
Thomson. A Hymn.

Besides the springy particles of pure air, the atmosphere is made up of several steams or minute particles of several sorts, rising from the earth and the waters, and floating in the air, which is a fluid body, and, though much finer and thinner, may be considered in respect of its fluidity to be like water, and, so, capable, like other liquors, of having heterogeneous particles floating in it.

Locke. Elements of Natural Philosophy, c. 6.

A pestilent and most corrosive steam,
Like a gross fog Baotian, rising fast,
And fast coudens'd upon the dewy sash,
Asks egress.

Cowper. Task, b. iii.

STEAN, or The Dut. Steen-put, is-puteus STEEN. sive fons lapide constructus. A pit, well or fountain, surrounded with stone. Upon an huge great earth-pot steane he stood, From whose wide mouth there flowed forth the Romane flood. Spenser. Faerie Queene, c. 7. STEED. A. S. Steda. The A. S. Stod-myra, was a mare for breed; a stod-horse, was probably a horse for the same purpose.

A horse or mare of the stud, or standing. Steed is usually applied to

A horse conspicuous for its form or make, and high mettle.

And lepte on ys stede, and siwede and slog fast ys fon.
R. Gloucester, p. 63.
His stede ouer him ran, he lay vnder his fete.
R. Brunne, p. 298.

This golden carte with firy beames bright,
Foure yoked stedes full different of hewe,
Bout bait or tiring, through the spheres drewe.

Chaucer. The Testament of Crescide.
For steed once stolne, we shut the doore too late.
Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. ii. st. 77.
Epirus for th' Elean chariot breeds
(In hopes of palms) a race of running steeds.

STEEL, n. STEEL, v.

STEE'LY.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. i. A. S. Style, styled; Dut. Stael; Ger. Stal, stahel; Sw. Stäl. Wachter thinks from stechen, STEEL-YARD. pungere, to stick. Serenius,from Sw. Stel, stiff, hard; steel being iron hardened in the furnace. And see the quotation from Plinie.

Steelyard, or as sometimes written and pronounced, stiliarde,—a steel rod or bar prepared as a balance for weighing goods. See YARD.

Steel, v. (met.)-to harden; to render hard, obdurate, or impenetrable.

Stilyard,-see the quotation from Pennant.
Of stel, of yrn and of bras, of god corn gret won.
R. Gloucester, p. 2.

He chaseth so my thought aie,

And holdeth mine herte under his sele,

As trustie and true as any stele.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. Tuball in yron and in stele

Fonde first the forge, and wrought it wele.

Gower. Con. A. b. iv.

He had in his hande a great glaue, sharpe and well stelyd, and aboue the blade, ther was a sharpe hoke of stele, 1 whan he gaue his stroke, the hoke shulde take holde. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 59.

O tough & stely hertes, o herte more herd than flynte or other stone-Fisher. Seuen Psalmes, Ps. 143. pt. ii.

I kneeled down to the princess, and humbly besought her to move Mopsa in my behalf, that she would unarm her noble heart of that steely resistance against the sweet blows of love.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii.

Wheat sometime is steely, or burnt as it grows.

Tusser. October's Husbandry.

This yere corn was verie dere, & had bè dearer if marchutes of ye styliarde had not been & Dutche shippes restrined, & an abstinaŭce of warre betwene Englade & Flauders.-Fabyan. Chronycle, an. 1529.

It were good the stiliard-men were for this time gently answered, and that it were seen, whether by any gentle offer of some part of their liberties, again they might be brought to ship their wares to the mart.

Burnet. Records. K. Edw. Remaines, vol. ii. pt. ii. b. ii. Steele is eldest brother of iron, extracted from the same oare, differing from it not in kind but degree of purity, as being the first running thereof. It is more hard and brittle (whilest iron is softer and tougher), useful for the making of English knives, sithes, shears, &c. but fine edges cannot be made thereof, as lancets for letting of blood, incision knives, razors, &c.-Fuller. Worthies. Gloucestershire.

Beaum. & Fletch. Bonauca, Act iv. sc. 4. God speaks from heaven with his loudest voice, and draws aside his curtain, and shows his arsenal and his armoury, full of arrows steeled with wrath, headed, and pointed, and hardened with vengeance. Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 19. The discoverie of the yron and steele mines, as also the working in them, was the invention (as Hesiodus saith) of those in Creet, who were called Dactyli Idæi.

Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56.

But the furnace it selfe, where the ore or yron stone is tried, maketh the greatest difference that is: for therein you shall have to arise by much burning and fining, the purest part thereof, which in Latine is called Nucleus ferri, I. the kernell or heart of the yron (and it is that which we call steele.)-Holland. Plinie b. iii. c. 14.

The steely head stuck fast still in his flesh,
Till with his cruell clawes he snatcht the wood,
And quite asunder broke.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11
And, fayrly couching his steeleheaded speare,
Him first saluted with a sturdy stroke.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 5.
The steel-hed speares they strongly coucht, and met
Together with impetuous rage and forse.
Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 9.
In such a method as this may the minds of children be
formed up to virtue, and steeled against ill impressions;
which is the principal end and aim of a religious education.
Waterland. Works, vol. viii. p. 472.

Such thoughts revolving in his careful breast, Near, and more near, the shady cohorts prest; These in the warrior, their own fate enclose: And round him deep the steely circle grows. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xi. It is usual with butchers and other tradesmen, to weigh in the statera, commonly called the stiliards, 10 or 20 pounds weight, for instance, hung near the fulciment, with one pound weight placed on the other side of the beam, at 10 or 20 times distance from it.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 431. The steel must be struck in a proper manner, and with proper materials, before the latent spark can be elicited. Knox, Ess. 70.

It is something operating in the mind in a similar manner, offender, and subdues to softness the steely heart, on which which most easily bows the stubborn knee of the harden'd no force of argument could of itself stamp an impression. Id. Ess. 149. Hither your steelyards, butchers, bring, to weigh The pound of flesh, Anthonio's bond must pay!

Warton. Prol. on the Old Wynchester Playhouse.

The name of this wharf [the Steel-yard] is not taken from steel the metal, which was only a single article, but from stapel-hoff, or the general house of trade of the German nation. Pennant. London. The Steel-Yard.

Steel through opposing plates the magnet draws,
And steelly atoms calls from dust and straws.

STEEP, adj. STEEP, n. STEE'PY. STEE'PINESS. STEE'PNESS. (See STOOP.)

Crabbe. Parish Register. Sw. Stupa, preceps, steipa, præcipitem dare, (Ihre.) A. S. Steap; perhaps from the verb Stap-ian, to stoop, (sc.) from an upright or perpendicular. Or from A. S. Stæpp-an, to step. Bending, inclining, leaning, from an upright or perpendicular; rising, approaching nearly to an upright; precipitous.

Let them pronounce the steepe Tarpeian death,
Vagabond exile, fleaing, pent to linger
But with a graine a day, I would not buy
Their mercie, at the price of one faire word.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc. 3.
Why art thou heere

Come from the farthest steepe of India?

Id. Midsummer Night's Dreame, Act ii. sc. 2. But when he wonnes On craggy rocks, or steepy hills, we see None runnes more swift, nor easier, than he.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. s. 4. Nor made they any faire retreat; Hectors unruly horse Would needs retire him; and he left engag'd his Troian force, Forct by the steepenesse of the dike, that in ill place they tooke. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi.

You shall then soone end Your way to towne; whose toures you see ascend To such a steepnesse. Id. Ib. Odyssey, b. vi. The cragginess and steepiness of places up and down is a great advantage to the dwellers, and makes them inaccessible.-Howell. Instructions for Travellers, p. 132.

Like him, in caves they shut their wooly sheep;
Like him, their herds on tops of mountains keep;
Like him, with mighty strides, they stalk from steep to
sleep.
Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. iv.

While Turnus urges thus his enterprise,
The Stygian fury to the Trojans flies:
New frauds invent, and takes a sleepy stand,
Which overlooks the vale with wide command.

Id. Ib. b. vii.

Aloof she climbs her steepy seat, Where nor the grave nor giddy feet, Of the learn'd vulgar or the rude, Have e'er a passage worn.

Watts. The Way of the Multitude.

We could judge of its sleepness from this circumstance, that the sea, which now run very high, broke no where but against it.-Cook. Third Voyage, b. iv. c. 12.

STEEP, v. Dut. Stippen; Ger. Stippen; STEEPING, n. Sw. Stopa, to dip, to immerge. Wachter thinks it is the same word as dippen, with s prefixed. It is perhaps the same word as the above.

To drop, to plunge, to immerge, to submerge; to dip, to drench, to soak.

Now gan the golden Phoebus for to steepe
His fierie face in billowes of the west,
And his faint steedes watred in ocean deepe,
Whiles from their journall labours they did rest.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. e. 11.
Instead thereof sad sighes and sorrowes deepe
Kept watch and ward about her warily;
That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe
Her dainty couch with teares which closely she did weepe.
Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 2.

And yet when you have made all the steeping you can, you must have many a blow at the diamant with hammer upon the anvill.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 4.

The third is, the steeping of the seed or kernell in some liquor, wherein the medicine is infused. Bacon. Naturell Historie, § 500.

As for the steeping of the seeds, in severall mixtures with water, to give them vigour; or watring grounds with compost-water; we have spoken of them before.-Id. Ib. § 597. The prudent Sybil had before prepar'd A sop in honey steep'd to charm the guard.

Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. vi.
Strait, to the house she hasted; and sweete sleepe
Pour'd on each wooer; which so laid in steepe
Their drowsie temples, that each brow did nod,
As all were drinking.-Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. ii.

STEE'PLE, n. Į A. S. Stepl, stropul, a tower, STEE'PLED. Ja steeple; Sw. Stapel: perhaps from A. S. Steap, præceps; Sw. Steipa, præcipitem dare.

Like as the lightning-brond from riven skie,
Throwne out by angry Jove in his vengeance,
With dreadfull force falles on some steeple hie.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 6,
Yet as in great clocks, which in steeples chime,
Plac'd to inform whole towns, t'employ their time,
An errour doth more harm, being general,
When small clock's faults only on th' wearer fall.

Donne. On Lord Harrington,

A steepled turbant on her head she [Alecto] were.
Fairefax. Godfrey of Borlogne, b. ix. st. §.
Some sons of mine, who bear upon their shield
Three steeples argent in a sable field,
Have sharply tax'd your converts, who, unfed,
Have follow'd you for miracles of bread.

Dryden. The Hind and the Panther. But how the new appearance of a star should make men suppose the soul of a dead ancestor was got into it, and so become a God, is as hard to conceive as how Tenterden steeple should be the cause of Good-win Sands.

Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. iv. s. 4 He erected a seemly water-work, built steeple-wise, at the bridge-gate, by his own ingenious industry and charge. Fuller. Worthies. Chester. STEER. Goth. Stuirs; A. S. Styre, styre, a Lanc. young ox or steere, a young cow or heifer. a sterke, (Somner.) Dut. Stier-rarre, taurus, The Ger. Stier, is stier kalf, vitulus; Ger. Stier. fierce, stern, (qv.) and the epithet may have been added to the name of the animal from the fierceness or strength, to which it approaches at the age when it is now usually so called. In Lanca shire, and other counties, it is spoken stirke. See STARK.

About his char ther wenten white alauns,
Twenty and mo, as gret as any stere,
To hunten at the leon or the dere,
And folwed him, with mosel fast yhound.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 9150.
Stood all astonied; like sort of steeres,
Mongst whom some beast of strange and foraine race
Unwares is chaunct, far straying from his peeres:
So did their ghastly gaze bewray their hidden feares.
Spenser. Faerie Queene. Of Mulabilitie, 0. 6.

With hope to raise thy wealth, thou kill'st an oxe,
Iruoking Hermes: "Blesse my house and flocken."
How can it be (vaine foole!) when in the fires
The melted fat of many steeres expires?

STEER, v. STEE RAGE. STEE'RER.

STEERING, n.

STEE'RLESS.

STEE'RSMAN.

Beaumont. Persius, Sat. 2. Dut. Stieren, stueren; Ger. Steuren: Sw. Styra; A. S. Steor-an, to direct, to guide; from the verb Stir an, to move, to stir.

To move, to guide or direct the motion; to guide, to direct, to conduct. Chaucer and Gower use steer, the n. for that which, or that by which (gubernaculum) a vessel is steered. See STERN, STERNSMAN.

Stonde he nevere so styfliche thorgh sterynge of the bote
Maketh the man meny tyme. to stomble yf he stande.
Piers Plouhman, p. 167.

And Custance han they taken anon fote-hot,
And in a ship all stereles (God wot)
They han hire set. and bidden hire lerne sayle
Out of Surrie againward to Itaille.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4859. And he is a key and a steire [gubernaculum] by whiche the edifice of this worlde is kepte stable, and without corrumpyng.-Id Boecius, b. iii.

But yet the barge Enuie stereth,

And halt it euer fro the londe,

Whiche fals semblant with ore in honde

But the mysgydynge of the sterysman, he was set vpon the pvlys of the brydge, and the barge whelmyd, so that all were drowned.-Fabyan Chronycle. Henry VI. an. 1430. Who when those pittifull outcries he heard Through all the seas so ruefully resownd, His charett swifte in hast he thether steard.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8.

A daring pilot in extremity;
Pl-as'd with the danger when the wave went high,
He sought the storms; but, for a calm unfit,
Would steer too nigh the sands to boast his wit.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel, pt. 1.

1 was much surprized, and ran into the steeridge to look on the compass, and found that we were steering S.S.E. instead of E.S. W.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688.

There might I sail delighted, smooth and safe,
Beneath the conduct of my good sir Ralph;
There's not a better steerer in the realm;

I hope, my lord, you'll call him to the helm.

Swift. An Epistle to Lord John Carteret.

The proa generally carries six or seven Indians; two of which are placed in the head and stern, who steer the vessel Alternately with a paddle according to the tack she goes on, he in the stern being the steersman

Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 5.

We suddenly lost sight of the land, and making sail again, before the line was well hauled in, we steered by the sound of the breakers, which were distinctly heard till we got clear off the coast.-Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 7.

In this manner we went on, all three making one compact body with two legs only for steerage of the whole.

Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. ii. c. 23. Some youths sat high up in the curved stern, above the steersman, with white wands in their hands.

Cook. Second Voyage, b. ii. c. 12. STEGANOGRAPHY. Gr. Teyavoypadia, comp. of σreyavos, tectus ; from στεγειν, to cover, to conceal; and ypapia, writing, from ypap-ev, to write.

Writing in concealed or private characters or signs.

Concerning the steganography, I can by none of those means that I advertis'd last week of, pass further than I have, and I am afraid I have gon too far, because in your last letters I find some displeasure. Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 647.

But neither Baptista Porta, de furtivis literarum notis; Trithemius in his steganography, Selenus in his cryptography, or Nuncius inanimatus, make any consideration hereof; although they deliver many waies to communicate thoughts at distance,-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. VOL. II.

STELE. A.S. Stele, "a stalk, a stock or stump of a tree; Chaucer, Somner adds, uses stele for an handle, in which sense we yet retain it." It is in common use in different parts of England. See Ray, Wilbraham, and Moor.

And caught the cutter by the colde stele.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 8783. A stele must be well seasoned for castinge, and it must be made as the graine lyeth, and as it groweth, or els it will never flye cleane.-Ascham. Toxophilus, b. ii.

This plant putteth forth leaves like to the elme, but that they be somewhat longer, and full of haires, and evermore the steles of the leaves grow contrarie one against the other. Holland. Plinie, b. xiii. c. 6. The best kind of them are they that have soft and tender leaves about their steles whereby they hang. Id. Ib. b. xv. c. 21. There breed in the hollow arme-pits (as it were) of the boughs, other small pills setled or sticking close to the wood, and not hanging by any steles, which toward the navill or bottome thereof are whitish.-Id. Ib. b. xvi. c. 7.

Lik'st a strawne scare-crow in the new-sowne field,
Rear'd on some sticke, the tender corne to shield.
Or if that semblance suit not everie deale,
Like a broad shak-forke with a slender steel.

STE'LLAR, v. STE'LLATE. STELLATED. STE'LLED. STE'LLIFY, U.

Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 7.

Lat. Stella, stellatus, a star; studded with stars.

To stellify, to form, to transform into a star.

No wonder is though Jove her stellifie,
As telleth Agaton, for her great goodnesse,
Her white crowne beareth of it witnesse.

Chaucer. The Legend of good Women.
"O God," quod I, "that madest all kind,
Shall I none otherwise die,
Whether Jove will me stellifie,
Or what thing may this signifie,

I am neither Enocke, ne Helie.-Id. House of Fame, b. ii.
Which these soft fires

Not only enlighten, but with kindly heate
Of various influence foment and warme,
Temper or nourish, or in part shed down
Thir stellar vertue on all kinds that grow
On earth.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

And when she landeth on thy blessed shores,
And the vast navy doth at anchor ride,
For her departure when the wild sea roars,
Ship, mount to heaven, and there be stellify'd.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. iii
Stars, whose names did first begin
By those wise ancients, not to stellify
The first world's heroes only, but imply
To teach their courses, for distinguished
In constellations, a delight first bred
In slothful man, into the same to look.

Id. The Man in the Moon. "And therefore now the Thracian Orpheus lyre And Hercules himself are stellify'd; And in high heaven, amidst the starry quire, Dancing their parts continually do slide." Davies. On Dancing. The sea, with such a storme as his bare head, In hell-blacke-night, indur'd, would haue buoy'd vp And quench'd the stelled fires

Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 7. He found to his wonder, and shewed me his regulus several stellate reguluses of both antimony and Mars. adorned with a more conspicuous star than I have seen in Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 325.

My own laboratory has afforded me divers such parcels of regulus without Mars, (some of which I have yet by me very fairly stellated.)—Id. Ib.

[When he] sees that, as the earth is but a point compared to the orb of Saturn, so the orb of Saturn itself grows dimensionless when compared to that vast extent of space which the stellar-solar systems possess and occupy. Warburton, vol. ix. Ser. 2.

STE'LLIONATE. Fr. Stellionat; Lat. Stelstar-lizard; and Plinie (b. xxx. c. 10) says there lionatus, from stellio, which Holland calls the vious of our commodity, insomuch as the word is not a beast more spiteful to mankind, and enstellio is growne to be a reprochfull tearme among

us.

A cousening or counterfeiting of merchandise; an unjust or deceitful gaining; a malicious or fraudulent bereaving another of his money, wares, due provision, or bargain, (Cotgrave;) and see Du Cange.

This pillar [of Jacob] thus engraved gave probably the origin to the invention of stelography. Stackhouse. History of the Bible.

STEM, v. A. S. Stemne, a stump, stemme, STEM, n. stock or body of a tree without the boughes, (Somner.) Dut. Stam, Ger. Stamm; Sw. Stamm.

Stem of a tree,-Wachter derives from the verb stan, to stand, because it stands upright and immovable.

Stem of a family, the trunk or stirps from which the family branches out, expands, or extends; from which it depends or descends; is borne or generated.

Stem of a ship,-stirps arboris excisa,-applied to the fore part of the ship, forcing its way, keeping its course through, against, or in opposition to the waves, the tide, the current, or stream. And hence, To stem,

To stand firmly against; to keep way steadily against; to stay or stop, or bear up against.

All they without were raunged in a ring,
And daunced round; but in the midst of them
Three other ladies did both daunce and sing,
The whilest the rest them round about did hemme,
And like a girlond did in compasse stemme.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 10.
They on the trading flood
Through the wide Ethiopian to the Cape
Ply stemming nightly toward the pole."

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Therefore I leave it to it self, and pray Like a good bark, it may work out to day, And stem all doubts.

Beaum. & Fletch. Prol. tổ the Spanish Curate. Then came Piseus the Tyrrhene, and armed the stemme and beake-head of the ship with sharpe tines and pikes of brasse.-Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56.

This year did Ziloah rule Jerusalem,
And boldly all sedition's syrtes stem.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel.
Then, when the fiery suns too fiercely play,
And shrivell'd herbs on withering stems decay,
The wary ploughman, on the mountain's brow,
Undams his watery stores.-Id: Virgil. Georgics, b. 1.
Orontes barque that bore the Lycian crew,
(A horrid sight) ev'n in the hero's view,
From stem to stern, by waves was overborn.
Id. Ib. Eneis, b. l.
Clos'd within his grasp
Was clench'd a broken oar, as one who long
Had stem'd the flood with agonizing breast,
And struggled strong for life.

Mallet. Amyntor & Theodora, c. I.

It is sometimes written Stinch. The A. S. Stenc, Tooke calls the past part. of Stinc-an, to stink, (k changed into ch.) Somner says stenc→→ "Sent, savour, smell, whether evil or good: whereof our stinke, now used onely for an ill

savour.

Dryden uses the word for scent or smell, gene

rally.

With wymmen of paynyme hii dude her foule hunde,
War of the stench com in to heuene an hey
R. Gloucester, p. 405.
And sette agen the Cristenemen afure in ech ende,
That the smoke there of hem ssolde bothe stenche & blende.
Id. p. 407,
Lurke thou all day, and flye when thou shouldst slepe,
And neuer light where liuing thing hath life,
But eat and drinke, where slinche and filth is rife.
Vncertaine Auctors. Against Him that had slaundered, 4o.
Which to increase, and all at once to kill,

A cloud of smoothering smoke and sulphure seare,
Out of his stinking gorge forth steemed still,
That all the ayre about with smoke and stench did fill.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1''

And now your victor, all the hall (defilde
With stinch of hot death) is perfuming round;
And with a mighty fire the harth hath crown'd.
hapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xxiii.