STRUT, n.

STRUT, v. STRUTTER. STRUTTING, n. or stride, (sc.) the

Perhaps from straught, past
part. of stretch. See ASTRUT.
To stretch or extend, to
distend, to enlarge; to stretch,
body or limbs in walking.

Now was ther of that chirche a parish clerk,
The which that was yeleped Absolon.
Crulle was his here, and as the gold it shon,
And strouted as a fanne large and brode.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3313. But let the than alone as in a traunce and a sleepe, tyll they bee so wery of eating, that the griefe and grinding in theyre belyes standinge a strutte with stuffing, call theym vp and awake them.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 589.

I will make a brief list of the particulars themselves in an historical truth, no ways strouted, nor made greater by language.-Bacon. Of a War with Spain.

Of grass the only silk

That makes each udder strut abundantly with milk. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 13. We have seen what a mere nothing it is, that this strutter has pronounced with such sonorous rhetorick.

Annot. on Glanville's Preexist. (1682.)

But as dull subjects see too late
Their safety in monarchal reign,
Finding their freedome in a state
Is but proud strutting in a chaine.

Davenant. The Dreame.
They have a small red gill on each side of their heads,
like ears, strutting out downwards; but the hens have none.
Dampier. Voyages, an. 1699.

I have seen a woman carrying a large bundle on her back, or a child on her back and a bundle under her arm, and a fellow strutting before her with nothing but a club or spear, or some such thing.

Resign'd

Cook. Second Voyage, b. iii. c. 6.

To sad necessity, the cock foregoes
His wonted strut; and wading at their head
With well-consider'd steps, seems to resent
His alter'd gait and stateliness retrench'd.

STUB, v.
STUB, n.
STUBBLE, N.
STUBBLE, V.

Cowper. Task, b. v. Sw. Stubbe; A. S. Stybbe. A stock or stubbe, (Kilian.) Stobbe, ·(Somner,) and stubble. Fr. Estouble; It. Stoppia; Dut. StopSTUBBY. pel; Ger. Stoppel; Sw. Stubb:Stub,-is probably from the A. S. verb Stopp-an, to stop; Dut. and Ger. Stoppen; Fr. Estouper; It. Stoppàre.

Any thing stopped, (sc.) in its growth, from growing; the short, thick, stock, the remnant; any thing short, a block, a log.

To stub,-to stop; also to remove, to eradicate, a stub or stock. And,

Stubble, the dim. of stub, the stems or stalks of corn sheered or shortened. (Menage derives from the Lat. Stipula.)

And thoru haubert and ys coler, that nere nothyng souple,
He smot of ys heued as lygtlyche as yt were a lute stouple.
R. Gloucester, p. 223.

First on the wall was peinted a forest,
In which ther wonneth neyther man ne best,
With knotty knarry barrein trees old
Of stubbes sharpe and hidious to behold.

If in anie age some one of them did found a college, almeshouse, or schoole, if you looke vnto these our times, you shall see no fewer deeds of charitie doone, nor better grounded vpon the right stub of pietie than before.

Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 1.

I doubt not but ye shall have more ado to drive our dullest and laziest youth, our stocks and stubs, from the infinite desire of such a happy nurture, than we have now to hale and drag our choicest and hopefullest wits to that asinine feast of sowthistles and brambles which is commonly set before them.-Milton. Of Education.

For as he thus was busy,

A pain he in his head-piece feels,
Against a stubbed tree he reels,
And up went poor Hobgoblin's heels;
Alas! his brain was dizzy.

I

Drayton. Nymphidia. The Court of Fairy.

But I suppose, that you by thus much seene,
Know by the stubble, what the corne hath bene.
Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xiv.
Stubble, though it be quickly kindled, yet it is as soon
extinguished, if it be not blown by a pertinacious breath, or
fed with new materials.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 17.

The base is surrounded with a garland of black and stubby
bristles.-Grew. Museum.

While each with stubbed knife remov'd the roots
That rais'd between the stones their daily shoots.
Swift. A Pastoral Dialogue, (1728.)

A cake of scurf lies baking on the ground,
And prickly stubs, instead of trees are found.
Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. ii.
The hardness of stubbed vulgar constitutions, renders
them insensible of a thousand things, that fret and gall
those delicate people, who, as if their skin was peeled off,
feel to the quick every thing that touches them.
Berkely. Siris, § 105.

A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain,
Just as a lark, descending, clos'd his train.
Gay. To Paul Methuen, Esq. Epis. 4.

}

STUBBORN. Minshew derives fromSTUBBORNLY. Strout-born; Junius,-from STUBBORNNEss. the Gr.ZTẞapos; and Lye,from the preceding Stub: the last appears the more probable-Stubb; stubber, stubberen, stubbern, or stubborn.

Firm and fixed as a stubb or stock; stiff; un-
movable, inflexible, or hard to be moved or bent;
obstinate; keeping or holding firmly in its place,
in its course; persisting.

And I was yonge and ful of ragerie,
Stibborne and strong, and joly as a pie.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6036.
These heretikes be so styffe and stubborne, that rather
than they wil cöfesse themself concluded they will holde on
their olde wayes and fall from worse to worse.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 331.

So that fynally concerning obedience, Tindalles holy doc-
trine is, that the people shoulde in the defence of hys false
heresies, not let to disobei but stubbernly to wstand their
prince.-Id. Ib. p. 354.

If it be a thyng that maketh no matter, you will laugh and let it passe, and referre the thyng to other men, and sticke you stifly and stubbernely in earnest and necessary

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1977. thynges.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 456.

Of many a pilgrim hast thou Cristes curse,
For of thy perselee yet fare they the werse,
That they han eten in thy stoble goos.

Id. The Cokes Prologue, v. 4347.
In every green, if the fence be not thine,
Now stub up the bushes, the grass to be fine.
Tusser. Husbandry. January.
Go buy at the stub, is the best for the buyer,
More timely provision, the cheaper the fier.-Id. Ib.
And like a stubbed thorne, which may seeme to serue,
To städ with such sweete smelling floures, like praises to
deserue. Gascoigne. Councelle to Duglasse Diue.

On the other side, if any man build there on timbre, heye, or stubble, which are all one, and signifie doctrine of mans imaginatio, traditions and fantasies.-Tyndall. Workes, p.92.

Her kirtell she did vp tucke

An ynche aboue her kne

Her legges that ye might se;

But they [her legges] were sturdy and stubbled Mighty pestels and clubbed.-Skelton. Elinour Rumming. It is not impossible, and I have heard it verified, that upon cutting down of an old timber tree, the stub hath put out sometimes a tree of another kinde; as, that beech hath put forth birch; which if it be true, the cause may be, for that the old stub is too scant of juyce, to put forth the former tree; and therefore putteth forth a tree of smaller kind, that needeth lesse nourishment.-Bacon. Nat. Historie, § 523.

I should either cast downe mine armoure, and hide my
selfe like a recreant, or els (of a malicious stubburness)
should busie my braines with some stratagem for to execute
an enuious reuenge vpon mine adversaries.
Gascoigne. The Steele Glas.

Unto whose froward malice and stubbernesse thou shalt
be copelled to permitte a thousand thynges agaynst thy
conscience.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 190.

Yet she with pitthy words, and counsell sad
Still strove their stubborne rages to revoke.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 2.

No stubbornnesse so stiffe, nor folly
To licence ever was so light,
As twice to trespasse in his sight,
His lookes would so correct it, when
It chid the vice, yet not the men.

B. Jonson. An Epitaph on Master Corbet.
Let me be corrected

To break my stubbornness if it be so,
Rather than turn me off, and I shall mend.

Beaum. & Fletch, Philaster, Act ii. sc. 1.

The wall was stone from neighbouring quarries borne,
Encircled with a fence of native thorn,
And strong with pales, by many a weary stroke
Of stubborn labour hewn from heart of oak;
Frequent and thick.-Pope. Hemer. Odyssey, b. xiv.

All this, and a great deal more, necessary to guide us into the true meaning of the epistles, is to be had only from the epistles themselves, and to be gathered from thence with stubborn attention and more than common application.

Locke. Paraphrase on St. Paul's Epistles, Pref. What capacity of mind or will had we to entertain mercy, who were no less stubbornly perverse and obdurate in our crimes, than ignorant or infirm ?-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 32.

But stubbornness, and an obstinate disobedience, must be master'd with force and blows: for this there is no other remedy.-Locke Of Education, §78.

Thus the main difficulty is answered; but there is another near as stubborn, which this solution likewise removes. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. iv. Note u uuu. STUCCO, n. Fr. Stuc; It. Stucco; Sp. STUCCO, v. Estuco. Menage derives from the Ger. Stuk, a fragment, a bit; stucco being composed of little bits of marble.

Tooke, that it is a composition-stuck or fixed upon walls, &c.

Behold the place, where if a poet

Shin'd in description, he might show it;
Tell how the moon-beam trembling falls,
And tips with silver all the walls;
Palladian walls, Venetian doors,
Grotesco roofs, and stucco floors.

Pope. Imitation of Horace, Sat. 6.
Hence all our stucco'd walls, Mosaic floors,
Palladian windows, and Venetian doors.

Cawthorn. Of Taste.

From stucco'd walls smart arguments rebound; And beaus, adept in ev'ry thing profound, Die of disdain, or whistle off the sound.-Couper. Hop: Palaces, as adorned with tapestry, are here contrasted with lowly sheds, and smoaky rafters. A modern poet would have written stuccoed halls.-Warton. On Cemas.

The body stands on four lofty columns, and has a neat dome in the middle. The roof is beautifully stuccoed. Pennant. Journey from Chester, p. 418. See STICK.

STUCK.
STUD, n.
STUD, v.
STUDDERY.

A. S. Studu, a post, a pillar, a stay or prop. Dut. Stut; Ger. Stulze.

Any thing stood or caused to stand; any thing
set or fixed; a stay or prop; nail, or head of a
nail, or similar ornament, set or fixed. Also,-
A stand of horses, a number of horses standing
together; the place where they stand.

Wil. Seest not thilke same hawthorne studde,
How bragly it begins to budde,
And utter his tender head?

Spenser. The Shepheard's Calender. March. Some kind of yron there is that serveth onely, if it bee wrought in short and small works, as namely, for nailes, studs, and tackes emploied about greeves and leg-harneis. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxiv. c. 14. Thus he threw his scepter against the ground, With golden studs stuck, and tooke seat.

Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. i.

The studded bridle on a ragged bough

Nimbly she fastens.-Shakespeare. Fenus & Adonis. For as in these, our houses are commonlie strong and well timbered, so that in manie places, there are not abone foure, six or nine inches betweene stud and stud; so in the open and champaine countries they are enforced for want of stuffe to vse no studs at all.

Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. e. 12. For whose breed and maintenance (especiallie of the greatest sort) king Henrie the eight erected a noble studderie and for a time had verie good successe with them. Id. Ib. b. iii. e. 1.

The king of that nation [Pella in Syria] had vsuallie a studderie of 30000 mares and 300 stallions, as Strabo dooth remember, Lib. 16.-Id. Ib.

He spoke and furious hurl'd against the ground
His sceptre starr'd with golden studs around.
Then sternly silent sate.-Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. i.

A lion's hide his back and limbs unfold,
Precious with studded works, and paws of gold.
Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. viii.
To wear out time in numb'ring to and fro
The studs that thick emboss his iron door.

Cowper. Task, b. v. These [baskets] are not only durable but beautiful; being generally composed of different colours, and studded with beads made of shells or bones.

Cook. Second Foyage, b. ii. c. 3. At two, we set studding-sails, and steered west; but the wind increasing to a gale, soon obliged us to double reef the top-sails. Id. Third Voyage, b. v. c. 8.

For when they should draw their breaths, this stuffing air and dust came in at their mouths so fast, that they had To strike the foot against accidentally; to make much ado to hold out two days, and on the third yeelded a false step; to stop or hinder in the right course! themselves unto Sertorius mercy.-North. Plutarch, p. 483., to stagger after a false step.

STUPE, n.
inert.
Lat. Stuppa, or stupa, the tow,
STUPE, v. for coarse part of the line or flax.
Linen, woollen, &c. medicated; and applied to

More. Song of the Soul, b. i. c. 2. s. 59. pèndo; Lat. Stupendus, from stupere, to stun or
He had a brother also who never cast his foreteeth, and astonish. See STUPID.
therefore he wore them before, to the very stumps.
Holland. Plinie, b. xi. c. 25.

Kv'n stumps of olives, bar'd of leaves, and dead,
Revive and oft redeem their wither'd head.
Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. ii,
One of the horses snapt off the end of his finger with the
glove. I dress'd the stump with the common digestive.
Wiseman. Surgery, b. v. c. 3. I

Whom when discovered they had throughly eide,
With great amazement they were stupefide.

He enfourmed his ii eldest sonnes of the disposycion of
bothe peoples, and warned Willyam to be louynge and
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 3. lyberall to his subjettes, and Robert to be stern & surdy

For when a general loss
Falls on a nation, and they slight the cross,
God hath rais'd prophets to awaken them
From stupefaction.
An Elegy upon Dr. Donne.
Opium hath a stupefacting [4to ed of Works, stupefactive]
part, and a heating part; the one moving sleep, the other a
heat.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 98.

Opium and other strong stupefactives, doe coagulate the spirits and deprive it of the motion.

Id. Hist. of Life & Death, p. 52.

There were not only great things first spoken and delivered to mankind, but examples as great as the things themselves; but these did so little prevail on the stupid and unthankful world, that they among whom the Son of God did first manifest himself, seem'd only solicitous to make good one prophesie concerning him, viz. that he should be despised and rejected of men.-Stillingfleet, vol. i. Ser. 6.

I mention not how the Sabellian hypothesis must have been very needlessly and stupidly clogged by such a tenet: for they could never have given any tolerable account of the Son's praying to the Father, of his increasing in wisdom, of his being afflicted and sore troubled, and crying out in his agonies and sufferings, without the supposition of a human soul.-Waterland. Works, vol. ii. p. 267.

Stupidity then under sufferings can be no part of the excellency of a man; which in its greatest height is in the beings the most beneath him.-Stillingfleet, vol. i. Ser. 6.

And even the atheists themselves, who have tried all possible ways of extinguishing them, have found by experience that the utmost they can do, is to damp and stupify them at present but that in despite of them they will revive and awake again when death or danger approaches them.

Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 3.

We know that insensibility of pain may as well proceed from the deadness and stupifiedness of the part, as from a perfect and unmolested health.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 6.

Whether the natural phlegm of this island needs any additional stupifier !-Berkley. The Querist, § 348.

It seems very probable, that there was a much more powerful cause than sorrow in the case, viz. a preternatural stupefaction of their senses, by some of those malignant spirits that were then conflicting with our Saviour; who, perhaps, to deprive him of the solace of his disciples' company, did by their diabolical art, produce that extraordinary stupor that oppressed them.-Scott, Christian Life, pt. ii. c.7. But let not him, that shares a brighter day Traduce the splendour of a noontide ray, Prefer the twilight of a darker time,

And deem his base stupidity no crime.-Cowper. Truth. But what long and tormenting struggles must they probably have experienced first; and in how deplorable a state must the benumbing and stupefying of so important a principle of their nature have left them!-Secker, vol. ii. Ser. 19.

It produced that kind of stupefaction, which is the consequence of using opium, or other substances of that kind. - Cook. Third Voyage, b. ii. c. 8. Laugh, ye who boast your more mercurial pow'rs, That never felt a stupor, know no pause, Nor need one; I am conscious, and confess Fearless, a soul, that does not always think.

Cowper. Task, b. iv.

STUPRATION. Lat. Stuprare. See CON

STUPRARE.

Stupration must not be drawn into practice.-Brown.

STURDY.
STU'RDILY.
STU'RDINESS.

}

Skinner derives from the Fr. Estourdi, It. Stordito, attonitus, mente quasi motus; and these are derived by Menage from the Lat. Stolidus. Tooke forms sturdy from stur'd (past part. stirred, stir'd, of the verb to stir,) by the usual addition of ig or y; and he refers the Fr. to the same source. See Sture in Jamieson.

Stirred, moved, roused, (sc.) to bear, resist, oppose; stubborn, obstinate; stiff, stout, hardy, resolute.

And defended hem wyle hii mygte myd wel stourdy mode.
R. Gloucester, p. 212.

This knave goth him up ful sturdely,
And at the chambre dore while that he stood,
He cried and knocked as that he were wood."
Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3436.

The kinge declareth him the caas
With sterne worde and stordie chere.

To him and saide in this manere.-Gower. Con. A. b.viii.

And such as geue theim selfe therto, be stourdy and studious about the furtheraunce of their sediciouse secte. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 212.

VOL. II.

[sturdy] vnto his.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 222.

Yet in the end of the said fourscore days, was that worthy
martyr decreed contumax, that is, sturdily, frowardly, and
wilfully absent, and in pain of the same his abscence con-
demned and put to death.

State Trials. 1 Mary, an. 1553. Abp. Cranmer.
There can be none ende of faultes, if a man rehearse all
faultes that doe necessarily follow this vnruly sturdinesse.
Sir J. Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedition.

Such joy he had their stubborne harts to quell,
And sturdie courage tame with dreadfull aw;
That his beheast they feared, as a tyrans law.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 6.
Then wean thyself at last, and thee withdraw
From Cambridge, thy old nurse; and, as the rest,
Here toughly chew and sturdily digest
Th' immense last volumes of our common law.
Donne. To Mr. B. B.

Ev'n in this early dawning of the year,
Produce the plough, and yoke the sturdy steer,
And goad him till he groans beneath his toil,
Till the bright share is bury'd in the soil.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. i.

It [excessive fondness] will rather produce pride and sturdiness for the present: which will at length show itself in ill manners, contempt, and rudeness towards their best and kindest friends.-Waterland. Works, vol. viii. p. 473.

A wicked administration may propose to impoverish the
people; to render them as submissive and as abject as the
subjects, the boors, or the slaves, in some foreign countries,
and to beggar them out of their sturdiness.

Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties, Let. 19.
Patient of contradiction as a child,
Affable, humble, diffident, and mild;
Such was sir Isaac, and such Boyle and Locke:
Your blund'rer as sturdy as a rock.

Cowper. Progress of Errour.
STURGEON. Fr. Estourgeon; It. Storiòne;
Low Lat. Sturio, or sturgio; Ger. Stor; Sw.
Stoor; A. S. Styria. Gesner derives from Ger.
Stoor-en, A. S. Štir-ian, to stir, to move; because
it stirs up the mud as it swims.

In old time our auncestours set more store by the stur
geon, and it carried the name above all other fishes. He is
the only fish that hath the skales growing toward the head:
hee swims against the streame. But now adaies there is
no such reckoning and account made of him.
Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 17.
STURK. A. S. Styrc, (steer-ic.) A young ox
or steer; a young cow or heifer. Lanc. a sturke,
(Somner.) See STEER.

The stirkes or yoong beefets vngelded, we either kill yoong
for veale, or geld, to the end that they may serue afterward
for tillage in earing vp of the ground.

STUT, v.
STUTTER, n.
STUTTER, V.
STUTTERER.

Holinshed. Description of Scotland, c. 13.
The Ger. Stottern, impedite
loqui, lingua allidere, Wachter
derives from Ger. Stossen, Dut.
Stooten, Sw. Stoota, Goth. Staut-
an, ferire, percutere; to strike against (sc.) with
the tongue; and hence,-

To hesitate in utterance or speaking.
To stutter-is in common use.
Her tongue was verye quicke
But she spake somewhat thicke
Her felowe did stammer and stut.

Skelton. Elinour Rumming.
Divers we see do stut; the cause may be, (in most) the
refrigeration of the tongue; whereby it is less apt to move,
and therefore we see, that naturalls do generally stut: and
we see that in those that stut if they drink wine moderately,
they stut less, because it heateth; and so we see, that they
that stut, do stut more in the first offer to speak, than in
continuance; because the tongue is by motion, somewhat
heated.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 386.

And many stutters (we find) are very cholerick men ; choler enducing a driness in the tongue.-Id. Ib.

Thus a learned author informeth us, that some families

at Labloin in Guyen in France do naturally stut and stammer,
which he taketh to proceed from the nature of the waters.

Fuller. Worthies. Leicestershire.

A stye or stian upon the eye is in A. S. Stigende, the pres. part. of stig-an.

A sty for hogs is stige, past part. of the same verb,

A raised pen for swine. It. Stia. See Tooke. To sty, to go, to go up, (to hie,) to ascend, is very common in old authors.

Steyers, now written Stairs, (qv.)

The Segraue myght not stand, Sir Ion tok the gayn stie. R. Brunne, p. 319. And whanne the peple was left, he stiede aloone into an hil for to preie, but whanne the evenyng was come he was there aloone.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 14.

And he ran bifore, and stighed into a sycomore tree: to se hym, for he was to passe fro themes.-Id. Luk, c. 19.

It is so hie from thens I lie, and the common yerth, there ne is cable in no land maked, that might stretche to me, to drawe me into blisse, ne steyers to steye on is none, so that without recouer endlesse, here to endure I wote well I purueide.-Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. i.

With that she loketh, and was ware
Downe fro the skie there came a chare,
The whiche dragons aboute drowe;
And tho she gan hir heade downe bowe,
And vp she stighe, and faire and welle
She drofe forth by chare and whelle

Aboue in the ayre amonge the skies.-Gower. Con. 4. b. v. Thanne kynge Phylyp [de Valoys] seynge the boldnesse of the Flemynges, and hou lytell they feryd hym, toke cousayll of his lordes, how he myght cause theym to discende the hylle, for so longe as they kept the hyll it was iuperdous and perylous to stye towarde theym.

Fabyan. Chronycle, an. 1827
The beast, impatient of his smarting wound
And of so fierce and forcible despight,
Thought with his winges to stye above the ground;
But his late wounded wing unserviceable found.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11
And all that preace did round about her swell
To catchen hold of that long chaine, thereby
To climbe aloft, and others to excell;

That was Ambition, rash desire to sty,

And every linck thereof a step of dignity.—Id. Ib. b.i. c.7. Those that are smitten from above upon the head, stie downe and sinke directly, [considunt.]

Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 54.

And here you sty me

In this hard rocke, whiles you doe keepe from me
The rest o' th' island.

Shakespeare. The Tempest, Act i. sc. 2.
Within his yard, he mixt
Twelue sties to lodge his heard; and euery sty
Had roome and vse, for fifty swine to lye.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xiv.
And they, so perfect is their misery,
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement,
But boast themselves more comely than before;
And all their friends and native home forget,
To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty.-Millon. Comus.
The marrow of a calfe, incorporat with equall weight of
wax and common oile or oile rosat, together with an egge,
maketh a soveraigne liniment for the stian or any other
hard swellings in the eyelids.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxviil. c. 11.
Each friend you seek in yon enclosure lies,
All lost their form, and habitants of sties.

STYLE, or
STILE, R.

STYLE.

STY'LAR.

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. x. Fr. Style; It. Stilo; Sp. Estilo; Lat. Stylus; Gr. Ervλos, columna, the instrument, with the point of which they wrote.

A pen or pin; a pillar, a stalk, or stem. Met.-the character, kind, or manner of writing, inscribing, delineating, depicturing; generally, of doing or performing any thing; the manner or course of judicial proceeding.

The manner or form of writing, (sc.) the title or denomination; the appellation, the name. Stylish, is a word in common speech; in good, high, fashionable style.

And I furder beseche that your lordship wil voutsafe in reading therof, to gesse (by change of style) where the renewing of the verse may bee most apparantly thought to begin.-Gascoigne. The Complaynt of Phylomene.

When the wind is southward, she is more subject to
belching out flakes of fire (as stutterers use to stammer more
when the wind is in that hole.)-Howell, b. xxvii. Let. 1.
Dut. Styghen, steygen; Ger.
Steegen; Sw. Stig-a; A. S. Stig-an, Belynus.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 31.
ascendere, to go up.

Than syne I haue here shewed unto you the fyne or end of Brenius, I shall now retourne my style unto his brother

STY, v.
STY, n.
STY'ER, Or
STI'AN, n.
Sty, upon the eyelids, Skinner
derives from this verb; but sty for hogs from
stipare.

1841

Put thou the Greekes deuise againe in use,
Stop by thine eares this syren to beguile,
Seale up those wanton eies of thine, be sure
To lend no eare unto hir flattering stile.

Turbervile. To his Friend T.

11 B

In this tract of Glocestershire (where to this day many places are styled vineyards) was of ancient time, among 4ther fruits of a fertile soil, great store of vines.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 14. Note

Ne certes can that friendship long endure,
However gay and goodly be the style,
That doth ill cause or evill end enure;
For vertue is the band that bindeth harts most sure.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 2.

"Their issue, which were conqu'rors of this isle,
At Hastings which the Englishmen did tame,
Her natives, graced with the English stile,
To their first country carry back their claim,
Conquest returning whence it lately came.

Drayton. Robert, Duke of Normandy.

He who first made known the use of that contemptible mineral, [iron] may be truly styled the father of arts, and author of plenty.-Locke. Hum. Underst. b. iv c. 12.

Then for the style majestic and divine,
It speaks no less than God in every line;
Commanding words; whose force is still the same
As the first fiat that produc'd our frame.

Dryden. Religio Laici. The style of a flower is a body accompanying the ovary, either arising from the top of it, or standing at an axis in the middle, with embryons of the seeds round it.

Miller. Gardener's Dictionary. The figure of the stile and seed-vessel, and the number of cells into which it is divided.-Ray. On the Creation, pt.i. At fifty-one and a half degrees, which is London's latitude, make a mark, and laying a ruler to the centre of the plane and to this mark, draw a line for the stilar line.

Moxon.

In these words, you will observe, the great Being who was styled the loving Father of the people, is addressed in the specific character of a teacher; for the expression of sitting at his feet describes the attitude of scholars listening to the lessons of a master.-Bp. Horsley, vol. ii. Ser. 25.

It is the region within which we look for every thing that is sublime in description, tender in sentiment, and bold and lively in expression; and therefore though an author's plan should be faultless, and his story ever so well conducted, yet, if he be feeble, or flat in style, destitute of affecting scenes, and deficient in poetical colouring, he can have no success.-Blair, Lect. 10.

From the centre of the flower rises a style of a triangular form, and obtuse at the end, which is surrounded by six white stamina, whose extremities are yellow. Cook. Third Voyage, b. v. c. 6. A. S. Stigh-el; Dut. Stychel, the dim. of Sty.

STYLE, or
STILE.

Steps raised to pass over.

"Ye, Goddes armes," quod this riotour,
"Is it swiche peril with him for to mete?

I shal him seke by stile and eke by strete.

In the mean space, before the third day of their next session came about, the same being kept every ninth day continually at Rome, whereupon they call it now in Latin, e Nundina here there fall out wars against the Antiates, which gave some hope to the nobility, that this adjournment would come to little effect, thinking that this war would hold them so long, as that the fury of the people against him would be well swaged, or utterly forgotten, by reason of the trouble of the wars.-North. Plutarch, p. 193.

SUA'SION.
SUA'SORY.
SUA'SIVE.

See PERSUADE. Fr. Suasion, suasoire, suasif.

But thei had by the subtill suasion of the deuill, broken the thirde commaundemet in tasting the forboden fruyte. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 157.

Now as God tempts only by exploration and trial, so the

devil always tempts by suasion, inducing us by all possible
arguments and motives to the commission of sin, that he
may have advantage to accuse us of it, and hereafter to tor-
ment us for it.

Bp. Hopkins. Practical Exposition on the Lord's Prayer.
Secondly, there is a suasory or enticing temptation, that
inclines the will and affections to close with what is pre-
sented to them.-Id. Ib.

In all its [justice] directions of the inferior faculties, it
conveyed its suggestions with clearness, and enjoyned them
with power; it had the passions in perfect subjection, and
though its command over them was but suasive and poli-
tical, yet it had the force of coaction, and despotical.
South, vol. i. Ser. 2.
SUAVITY. Fr. Suave, suavité; It. Soàve,
soàvita; Sp. Suáve, suavidad; Lat. Suavitas, from
See SWEET.
suavis, sweet; A. S. Swas.

Met. Sweetness.

in the word peace and good things.
[He spake much] thirdly of the suavity of their doctrine
Hale. Rem. Let. from the Synod of Dort.

It is certain, that Plato does not only very much commend
the Orphick hymns, for their suavity and deliciousness, but
also produce some verses out of them, without making any
scruple concerning their author.
Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 296.

But the other love which ariseth from the conceit of our

special dearness to God upon insufficient grounds; that
goes no further than to some suavities, and pleasant fancies
within our selves; and some passionate complements of
the image we have set up in our imaginations.

Glanvil, Ser. 1.
I know not whether the curiosa felicitas, or that charm of
his writings which resulted from study and happiness
united, may not be said to consist in delicacy of sentiment
and suavity of expression.-Knox. Ess. No. 104.

SUB. Sub is much used, prefixed, to express
inferiority in degree, rank; less, low, down; and,
Chaucer. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,626. consequentially, under cover, hidden, secret. The
use of it is mere matter of discretion.
Sub-acid,-less than acid, or sour; acid in a
less degree.

But let us leave queen Mab awhile,
Through many a gate, o'er many a stile,
That now had gotten by this while.

Drayton. Nymphidia.
STY'PTICK. Fr. Styptique; Lat. Stypticus;
Gr. TUTTIKOS, from orup-ew, astringere. See the

quotation from Plinie.

Among those medicines which they call stypticke or astringent, there is not a better thing than to boile the root of this blackberrie bramble in wine to the thirds.

Holland Plinie, b. ii. c. 13.

One head of garlicke taken in some styptike and harsh raw wine, with laserpitium, to the weight of one obolus, driveth away the quartane ague for ever.-Id. Ib. b. xx. c. 6.

Against the latter with all the branches therof, not meddling with that restraining and styptic surgery which the law uses, not indeed against the malady, but against the eruptions, and outermost effects thereof.

Millon. Reason of Church Government.

SUAGE, or See ASSUAGE. To soothe, to
SWAGE, v.

lize.

The juice of the stem is like the chyle in an animal body,
not sufficiently concocted by circulation, and is commonly
sub-acid in all plants.-Arbuthnot. Of Aliments, c. 3.

SUB-ACT, v. I Lat. Sub-igere, subactum,
SUB-ACTION. (sub and agere,) to make, or
cause to be under, or inferior, or lower.
To bring down, to beat down; to reduce, to
rebate.

Tangible bodies have no pleasure in the consort of air,
but endeavour to subact it into a more dense body.
Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 27.

In that long interval there was a powerful Agent sub-
acting, disposing and influencing the massa chaotica, ex-
pressed by the Spirit of God moving upon the face of the
waters.-Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 308.

For the meek spirit is incurious; and so thoroughly subacted, that he takes his load from God (as the camel from

( mitigate, to calm, to tranquil- his master) upon his knees.

And thei seiynge these thingis unnethis swagiden the peple that thei offriden not to hem.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 14.

And euery thing that may done him ease,
To suage his peine, or his wo t'apease,
Was in the court and in the castle sought.

Chaucer. The Story of Thebes.

But wicked wrath had some so farre enraged,
As by no meanes theyr mali e could be swaged.
Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre.

I lette passe that he whyche verylye woulde entende to pacifie, swuge, and appease a grudge, woulde (as muche as he conuenientlye mighte) extenuate the causes and occasyons of the grudge.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 871.

The care whereof did kindly appertain to those who being subaltern magistrates and officers of the crown, were to be employed, as from the prince, so for the people. Sidney. Arcadia, b. iii.

When al Christianitie in the counsell of Constance was diuided into nations, Anglicana Natio was one of the prin cipall and no subalterne.-Camden. Remaines. Britaine.

The second [question] admitting the duplicity of officers should be continued, yet whether there should not be a difference, that one should not be the principal officer, and the other to be but special and subaltern?

Bacon. On the Union of England & Scotland, Among the dry [materials] I esteem the more principal, and solid, to be the oak, elme, beech, ash, chess-nut, wallnut, &c. the less principal, the service, maple, lime-tree, horn-beam, quick-beam, birch, hasel, &c. together with all their sub-alternate and several kinds.

Evelyn. Syira, § 3. Introd.

So that woman being created for man's sake to bee his helper, in regard of the end before mentioned, namely, the hauing and bringing vp of children, whereunto it was not possible they could concurre, vnlesse there were subalternation betweene them, which subalternation is naturally grounded vpon inequalitie, because things equall in euery respect are neuer willingly directed one by another.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. §73.

Love's subalterns, a duteous band,
Like watchmen, round their chief appear:
Each had his lantern in his hand;

And Venus mask'd brought up the rear.

Prior. The Dove.
Both particular and universal propositions which agres
in quality, are called subaltern, though these are not pro-
perly opposite; as
A-Every vine is a tree. I-Some vine is a tree.
Or thus:
E-No vine is a tree. O-Some vine is not a tree.
Watts. Logic, pt. ii. c. 2. § ♣

A stronger proof cannot be given of the skill and vigilance of our subaltern officers, to whom this share of merit almost entirely belongs.-Cook. Third Voyage, b. vi. e. 11.

By placing Cowley in the first rank of poets, he has in effect degraded him from the subaltern station which he had else preserved unmolested.-Knoz. Ess. No. 169.

SUB-A'QUEOUS. Being, lying, under water, (sub aquam.)

The northern naturalists will perhaps say, that this assembly met for the purpose of plunging into their sub aqueous winter quarters; but was that the case, they would never escape discovery in a river perpetually fished as the Thames; some of them must inevitably be brought up in

the nets that harass that water.

Pennant. British Zoology. Swallows,

The first who broached this opinion, was Olaus Magnus, Archbishop of Upsal, who very gravely informs us, that these birds are often found in clustered masses at the bottom of the northern lakes, mouth to mouth, wing to wing, foot to foot; and that they creep down the reeds in autumn, to their subaqueous retreats.-Id. Ib.

SUB-ARRA'TION. Low Lat. Sub-arrare. Arrabone, (i. e. vadimonio,) uxorem sibi desponBp. Hall. Of Contentation, § 19. sare, (Du Cange.) See the quotation.

There are of concoction two periods; the one assimilation, or absolute conversion and subaction; the other maturation. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 838.

SUB-AIDING.

or assistance.

In the old manual for the use of Salisbury, before the minister proceeds to the marriage, he is directed to ask the woman's dowry, viz. the tokens of spousage; and by these Giving secret or private aid tokens of spousage are to be understood rings, or money, of

And when he had dispos'd in some good train
His home affairs; he counsels how t' advance
His foreign correspondence, with the chain
Of some alliance that might countenance
His greatness, and his quiet entertain.

Which was thought fittest with some match of France,
To hold that kingdom from sub-aiding such,
Who else could not subsist, nor hope so much.
Daniel. Civil War, b. viii.

some other things to be given to the woman by the man, which said giving is called subarration, (i e. wedding of covenanting.) especially when it is done by the giving of a ring-Wheatly. On the Common Prayer, c. 10. § 5.

SUB-A'STRAL. Being under the stars, (sub