But whan I haue cast what is best for me, and examyned myne owne hearte, I perceyue it were a greate deale better for me to be losed frome the troublous toylynges of thys lyfe.-Udal. Philippians, c. I. The losse of an Englishmans life [was] but a pastime to such of them as contended in their brauerie, who should give the greatest strokes or wounds vnto their bodies, when their toiling and drudgerie could not please them, or satisfie their greedie humors.-Holinshed. Description of Britaine, c. 4. The toilesomnesse of the paine I refer to priuat knowledge. Id. Chronicles of Ireland. Stanihurst to Sidneie. But most men ordinarily do fault herein exceeding much: now when they be wearied, toyled, and foiled with painfull labours and wants, yeeld their bodies to be melted and spent quite with voluptuous pleasures-Holland. Plutarch, p.513. About the caudron many cookes accoyld With hookes and ladles, as need did requyre; The boteman strayt Held on his course with stayed stedfastnesse, Their life must be toilesomely spent in hewing of wood, and drawing of water for all Israel. Bp. Hall. Cont. Of the Gibeonites. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. ii. Dryden. Ovid Metam. b. viii. "The fainting native eyes with dumb despair Mickle. Liberty. But since we are assured of enjoying to eternity in perfection, whatever graces we have cultivated here with sincerity; the toilsomeness of the work, and the slowness of the success, ought not to deter us in the least. Secker, vol. ii. Ser. 22. TOIL, n. Fr. Toiles. Toil de arraignée, a cobweb, Skinner derives from Lat. Tela. TILL. See & God sent him tokenyng on nyght als he slepe. R. Brunne, p. 31. And he sorowynge withynne in spirit seyde, what sekith this generacioun a tokene? truli I seye to you a tokene schal not be govun to this generacioun.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 8. But natheles I toke unto our dame, Your wif at home, the same gold again Upon your benche, she wote it wel certain, By certain tokens that I can hire tell. Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,286. But as I lay this other night waking, I thought how lovers had a tokening, And among hem it was a commune tale, That it were good to here the nightingale, Rather then the leud cuckow sing. Id. Of the Cuckow and the Nightingale. And seyn, it is a token of good.—Gower. Con. A. b. iv. I will you sende some tokenyng Of thyng, I wote that shall you lothe.-Id. Ib. b. v. But whe Lyndegylse sawe yt this Mōmole & his copany were somedeale wdrawyn frō his pauylion, he made a tokyn to his knyghtes, wherby they knowynge his mynde fell vpon hym and siew hym.-Fabyan, Chronycle, c. 123. Which when he heard, and saw the tokens trew, His hart with great affection was embayd, And to the prince, with bowing reverence dew, As to the patrone of his life, thus sayd. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 8. And on your finger in the night, Ile put Another ring, that what in time proceeds, May token to the future, our past deeds. Shakespeare. All's Well that Ends Well, Act iv. sc. 2. Eno. How appeares the fight? Scar. On our side, like the token'd pestilence, Where death is sure. Id. Anthony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 8. On whose meetings, there were such embracements, such strange, often, and earnest tokenings, and such hearty laughters, &c.-Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall. Any thing lifted or raised; a snare, set up (Sc.) of a tree which the Indians call E'Midho: these as we afterto catch animals. A spider's web is a toil, i. e. something lifted up, or raised, to catch flies. His enemies that were layd in ambush, hauen chosen a fielde for their purpose, not passynge a myle wide accompting euery waye, enuironed round about, eyther with cōbersome woodes, or els a verye depe ryuer, beset it with theyr bushment, as it had bene wyth a togle. Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 251. But of all others, the toile made of Cumes flaxen cords, are so strong, that the wild boar falling into it, will bee caught and no marvaile, for these kind of nets will checke the very edge of a sword or such like weapon. Holland. Plinie, b. xix. c. 1. Seeing herself in danger to be taken within the toil many times, [the bear] casteth herself round upon her head, and endeavoureth that way to escape, rather then either by paws or fangs to burst the toil.-Id. Plutarch, p. 829. Then foils for beasts, and lime for birds were found, Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. i. TOILETTE. Fr. Toilette, from toil, cloth, and toil, from tela, linen cloth, (Cotgrave.) The English (says Menage) call it a combing cloth. Toilet is now applied to The dressing-table. An untouch'd Bible grac'd her toilet: TOKEN, n. To'KEN, V. Prior. Hans Carvel. Goth. Tackn-yan; A. S. Tachn-ian; Dut. Teechn-en; Sw. Tacn-a, to mark; pro Our Lord charged his disciples, when by any they were repulsed or neglected in their preaching, to leave those persons and places, shaking off the dust from their feet, in token of an utter detestation and desertion of them. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 41. Heartless, and tokenless if it remain, It ought to pass, in strictness, for profane. Byrom. On Church Communion. In every canoe there were young plantains, and branches wards learnt, were brought as tokens of peace and amity. Cock. First Voyage b. i. c. 8. TOLE, or Chaucer writes - Tull. Ray TOLL. says To toll is to entice or draw in, to decoy, or flatter; as the bell tolling calls in the people to church:-and Milton speaks ofA toling sign-post, hung out to call passengers :Bp. Burgess appears to coincide with this origin, and thinks, to toll, may be,-to produce an effect by slow, insensible degrees; but it seems more probably to be a consequential usage of Toil, to draw into, to lure into, a toil: generally,-to draw along; to induce, to allure, to entice. And see TOLL, infra. With empty hand, men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4132 The conflict arose betwene the spirite desyrous to amende, accustomed sinfull liuing.-Udal. Marke, c. 9. and sensualitie tollyng and alluryng hym agayn, to his With these are the ill spirites delited: and suche as are their sworne seruauntes, thei dooe rather lure and tol & traine with those baites, the fil them.-Id. Luke, c. 15. The 10. of this moneth I went to the shore, the people following mee in their canoas: I tolled them on shore, and vsed them with much courtesie, and then departed aboord, they following me, and my company. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 105. Labienus mistrustyng as much before, to the entent to pretence of feare as he had vsed before. toll them all ouer the riuer, kept on his way softly with like Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 151. And the next day, they set thither their horsemen, first To teach, to make known, to notify, to denote, to toll out oure men into the daunger of theyr bushmentes, to declare, to designate, to mark. and than to assayle them as they were enclosed. TOKENING, N. To'KENLESS. to teach. Y buried it was forth with hym, as in tokenynge Id. Ib. fol. 247. If they did let them stand, they should but toll beggers to the towne, therby to surcharge the rest of the parish, & laie more burden vpon them. Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 13. Or voyces calling me in dead of night, To make me follow, and so tole me on Through mire and standing pools, to find my ruine. Beaum. & Fletch. The Faithful Shepherdess, Act Here he was tolled to land at Moha, by the treacherous Aga, and then had eight of his men barbarously slain, himself and seven more chained up by the necks. Fuller. Worthies. Chester. His [Felix] wife Drusilla was held by usurpation; he had toled her away from her husband, the king of the Emiseni, saith Josephus, and therefore he could hear no more of it. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 604. I will not fail to give ye, readers, a present taste of him from his title, hung out like a toling sign-post to call passengers, not simply a confutation, but a modest confutation, with a laudatory of itself obtruded in the very first word. Millon. An Apology for Smeclymnuus. And then, that whatever you observe him to be more frighted at than he should, you be sure to tell him on to by insensible degrees, till he at last, quitting his fears, masters the difficulty, and comes off with applause. Locke. Of Education, § 115. With this sweet experience of heaven within us, we should go on to heaven with unspeakable triumph and alluring relishes of its joys and pleasures. alacrity, being tolled all along from step to step, with the Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 3. We shall be inconsiderately tolled on from sin to sin in the course of a heedless and unreflecting life, till, before ever we are aware, our inclination to the sin which we have so heedlessly repeated, becomes too strong for our pious resolution.-Id. Ib. c. 4. TOLERABLE. Fr. Tolérer; It. Tolleràre; TO'LERABLY. Sp. Tolerar; Lat. Tolerare, TO'LERANT. from tollere, to lift or raise. TO'LERANCE. To till; and Tooke thinks TOLERATE, v. the Lat. is from the A. S. TOLERATION, That can or may be borne or suffered, supported, or sustained, or endured; sufferable, supportable; (met.) that may be suffered or permitted; scarcely allowable or excusable; indifferent. The cōmon custome of al indifferent readers, would I wist wel pardon and hold excused such tollerable ouersight in my wryting, as men maye fynde some in any mannes almoste that euer wrote before. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 846. It dooethe teache them to execute the true offices of princes, and not to be tirauntes, and causeth the people more gladlye to obey euery good prince, and more quietly to tollerate and beare with the bad.-Udal. John, Pref. For the one (which is contempt of marryage) ye holde in your erroneouse doctryne, and the other (which is a tolleraunce among your selues) ye are compelled to suffer, least theyr more nombre wolde breake from yow. Bale. Apologie, fol. 106. To tollerate those thinges, whiche dooe seeme bytter or fortune) in such wyse as thou depart not from the astate of greuous (wherof there be many in the lyfe of man, and in nature, neyther from the worshyp perteyninge vnto a wyse man, betokeneth a good courage, and also moche constaunce.-Sir T. Elyot. The Governour, b. iii. c. 14. There is also moderation in tolleration of fortune of euery sorte, whiche of Tulli is called equabilitie.-Id. Ib. c. 20. I doubt not but that men indued with sense of common equitie, will soone discerne, that besides eminent and competent knowledge, wee are to descend to a lower step, receiving knowledge in that degree, which is but tolerable, Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 81. Goropius fetches all out of Dutch, and more tolerably perhaps this than many other of his etymologies. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 17. Illustrations. Certes, sage counsell and wisdome in the good use of pleasures and delights, whereby we continue honest, we ordinarily do call continence and temperance; the same in dangers and travels, we terme tolerance, patience, and fortitude; in contracts and management of state-affaires, we give the name of loyalty, equity, and justice. Holland. Plutarch, p. 189. So that to tolerate is not to prosecute. And the question whether the prince may tolerate divers perswasions, is no more then whether he may lawfully persecute any man for not being of his opinion. Now in this case he is just so to tolerate diversity of perswasions as he is to tolerate publick actions for no opinion is judicable, nor no person punishable, but for a sin. Bp. Taylor. Liberty of Prophesying, § 16. Upon these very grounds we may easily give account of that great question, Whether it be lawful for a prince to give toleration to several religions.-Id. Ib. By continuing in communion with that party of the church from whence they dissented in opinion, they would have declared, that they judged their errors to be tolerable. Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 4. When poor, she's scarce a tolerable evil But rich, and fine. a wife's a very devil. Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 6. In the beginning of September, as had been already mentioned, our men were tolerably well recovered. Anson. Voyages, b. ii. c. 4. Alledging that if God ruled the world, so much wickedness and impiety would not be tolerated therein. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 36. Since you are pleased to enquire what are my thoughts about the mutual toleration of Christians in their different professions of religion, I must needs answer you freely, that esteem that toleration to be the chief characteristical mark of the true church.-Locke. On Toleration. The interested and active zeal of religious teachers can be dangerous and troublesome only where there is either but one sect tolerated in the society, or where the whole of a large society is divided into two or three great sects. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1. The Christian spirit of charity and tolerance which breathes through this work, and appears in the sentiments which the author avowed in a former publication, entitled "The Case Stated," acquits him of the most distant suspicion of a design to advance the credit of his own church by wilfully depreciating the character of an illustrious adversary. Bp. Horsley, vol. iii. Ser. 44. App. At the same time we know and lament his [Gibbon's] eagerness to throw a veil over the deformities of the heathen theology, to decorate with all the splendor of panegyric the olerant spirit of its votaries, to degrade by disingenuous insinuation, or by sarcastic satire, the importance of revelation, &c.-White. Bampton Lectures, Ser. 3. Toleration is of two kinds: the allowing to dissenters the unmolested profession and exercise of their religion, but with an exclusion from offices of trust and emolument in the state, which is a partial toleration; and the admitting them, without distinction, to all the civil privileges and capacities of other citizens, which is a compleat tolération. Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. vi. c. 10. TOLL, n. TOLL, v. TOLLING, n. TO'LBOOTH. TO'LLAGE. Fr. Tollin, the toll taken by a miller. Tollu, taken, removed, lift, or carried away. Tollir, To remove, to take away, (sc.) the force or validity; to make void. Generally, to take away, to withdraw. To toll a bell, Skinner thinks, is formed from the sound. He, and Junius, derive toll, a tribute; A. S. Toll; Dut. Tol; Ger. Zol; Sw. Tul; Fr. Tailler, from the Gr. Teλ-os. Others give it the same origin as tally, (qv.) See also TALLIAGE, Tooke thinks that toll, and the Fr. Taille, (qv.) -taken of goods-differ only in the pronunciation, and consequent writing of them. It is a part lifted off, or taken away. To raise taxes, to levy taxes, a levy upon any person, are common expressions. The toll of a bell," he adds, "is its being lifted up, which causes that sound we call its toll." See TOLE, or TOLL. A tax or tribute, levied or raised;—to toll, to raise or levy, a tax or tribute; also, to pay it. To toll, to raise, and, consequentially, to sound a bell; to sound it (at a particular hour, as a signal, or call.) Therfore ghelde ghe to alle men dettis, to whom tribute, tribute; to whom tol, tol; to whom drede, drede; to whom honour, honour.-Wiclif. Rom. c. 13. And whanne Jhesus passide fro thannes he sigh a man Matheu bi name sittynge in a tol-bothe, and he seide to him, sue thou me.-Id. Matt. c. 9. Mathew that was of Judee as he is sett first in order of gospellers, so he wroot first the gospel in Judee, and fro the office of a tolgaderer he was clepid to God. Id. Prolog on Matheu. Wel coude he stelen corne, and tollen thries. Chaucer. Prol. to the Canterbury Tales, v. 564. Sir Hughe le Spenser came with a fayre company of men of armys before hym into the cytie, & desyred assystence of the fore named constables, the which comauded the sayd belle to be tolled.-Fabyan. Chronycle, an. 1263. And put in the roume of ye shryues, Mychaell Tony, and John Audryan, and ouer that, all rollys of towlys and tallagys before made were delyueryd vnto the sayde John Mansell, the whiche he there sealyd and redelyucred them vnto the chaumberleyne.-Id. Ib. an. 1257. The commoners herewith appointed of themselues two capteins, which they named constables of the citie, by whose commaundement and tolling of the great bell of Paules all the citie was warned to be readie in harnesse, to attend vpon the said two capteins.-Holinshed. Hen. III. an. 1264. Skinners new reaching from the pillorie to the tolehall, or to the high crosse.-Id. Description of Ireland, c. 3. The meal the more yieldeth, if servant be true, And miller that tolleth, take none but his due. Tusser. July's Husbandry. The adventitious moisture..., betrayeth and folleth forth the innate and radicall moisture along with it, when it self goeth forth.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 365. If one ignorantly buyeth stolen cattel, and hath them fairly vouched unto him, and publickly in an open fair payeth toll for them, he cannot be damnified thereby. Fuller. Worthies. General. By Leofric her lord, yet in base bondage held, The people from her marts by tollage who expell'd: Whose duchess, which desir'd this tribute to release Their freedom often begg'd.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, 8.13. Those other disciples, whose calling is recorded, were from the fisher boat; this, from the toll-booth: they were unlettered; this [Matthew] infamous. Bp. Hall. Cont. Matthew Called. For we hardly can abide publicanes, customers, and tolgatherers, but are mightily offended with them, not when they exact from us, and cause us to pay toll for any commodities or wares that are openly brought in; but when they keep a ferretting and searching for such things as be hidden. Holland. Plutarch, p. 114. Can I bring proof Where, when, by whom, and what y' were sold for, I saw the hearse, that bore thee slow away. Cowper. My Mother's Picture. As the expense of carriage is very much reduced by means of such public works. the goods, notwithstanding the toll, come cheaper to the consumer than they would otherwise have done; their price not being so much raised by the toll, as it is lowered by the cheapness of the carriage. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1. And now the turnpike gates again Flew open in short space; TOLUTATION. Cowper. History of John Gilpin. Lat. Tolut-arius equus, from tolutim, and that from tollere, to raise or lift up. See the quotation from Brown. And this is true, whether they move per latera, that is, two legs of one side together, which is tollutation or ambling; or per diametrum, lifting one foot before, and the cross foot behind, which is succussation or trotting. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 6. They rode, but authors having not Hudibras, pt. i. c. 2. Ther touore the heye wened, [altar] amydde the quer ywys, As on a tombe is all the faire above, Also I will that if I decesse win the citle of London, that wtin three yeres folowing myn executors doo make in the walle, nere unto my grave, a litell tumbe of freestone, upon the which I will be spent. liijs, iiijd att the moost, and in the face of this tumbe I will be made in too platis of laton. 4j. figurys of a man and of a woman, wix men children, and vi. women childern, and over or above the said figurys I will be made a figure of the fader of heven enclosed in a sonne.-Fabyan. Chronycle. The Will. Not such as earth out of her fruitfull woomb Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. e. 7. Earth vnder-gron'd their high rais'd feet, as when offended Jove, In Arime. Typhoius, with rattling thunder droue, Beneath the earth: in Arime, men say the grave is still, Where thunder tomb'd Typhoius, and is a monstrous hill. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. Imagine them some monument of one long since tomb'd there.-Id. Ib. b. xxiii. Or there wee'l sit, (Ruling in large and ample emperie, Ore France, and all her almost kingly dukedomes) Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 2. Thus the ideas, as well as children, of our youth, often die before us and our minds represent to us those tomba, to which we are approaching; where tho the brass and marble remain, yet the inscriptions are effaced by time, and the imagery moulders away. Locke. Hum. Underst, b. ii. c. 2. The marble tombs that rise on high, Parnell. A Night Piece on Death. While some affect the sun, and some the shade, Blair. Grave On the tombstones of the truly great it is certainly right that an inscription should be written consistent with their dignity.-Knox, Ess. No. 93. ΤΟΜΒΟΥ. A. S. Tumbere, from “Tumb-ian, to dance, to tumble, to play the tumbler, to act a play; hence Tomboy,-Verstegan," (Somner.) A lady So faire, and fasten'd to an emperie, Would make the great'st king double, to be partner'd Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Acti, se. 7. Beaum. & Fletch. The Knight of Malta, Act ii. se. 1. TOME. Fr. Tome; It. Tomo; Sp. Tomo; Lat. Tomus; Gr. Touos, sectio, from Teur-ew, secare, Sectio chartæ, (applied to) to cut. A piece of paper cut; and rolled up into a volume. Generally, A volume; any portion of paper, &c. bound into one book. By what law, must we write nothing but large scholasticall discourses? such tomes as yours. Bp. Hall. An Apologie against Brownisia, ledge, and publish it, that episcopacy is a peculiar office, And all the martyr bishops of Rome did ever acknow and order in the church of God; as is seen in their decretal epistles, in the first tome of the councils. Bp. Taylor. Episcopacy Asserted, § 28. Who travels Scotus' swelling tomes shall find A cloud of darkness rising on the mind. Pomfret, Reason. It adds greatly to our wonder, in contemplating his [Erasmus] large and crowded tomes, when we recollect that he spent his life in a most unsettled state, and in constantly travelling from city to city, and from kingdom to kingdom. Knoz, Eu. No. 132. TOM-TIT. The titmouse, (qv.) As for Dick the tyrant, I must desire you will put a stop to his proceedings; and at the same time take care that hi little brother be no loser by his mercy to the tom-fit. Tailer, No. 117 TON. Fr. Ton, the tone or tune. The tone; the air, (sc.) of fashion; the style, the vogue, the mode. Modish animated with the conscious merit of the largest or smallest buckles in the room, according to the temporary ten, would have laughed Pompey the Great out of countenance-Knox, Ess. No. 161. TON. See TUN. TONE, n. Fr. Ton; It. Tuono; Sp. Tono; Lat. Tonus; Gr. Tovos, from Toy-oe, intendere, (sc. vocem,) to stretch the voice. See To TELL. A stretching; an extension; an extension of the voice, of sound; sound;-applied frequently to An excess of, an affectation of, particular sounds as a whining, drawling tone. Also (met.) to The intention, tension, or general state or temper of mind. The fone in preaching does much in working upon the people's affection. If a man should make love in an ordinary tone, his mistress would not regard him and therefore he must whine.-Selden. Table Talk. Preaching. Tones are not so apt altogether to procure sleep, as some other sounds; as the wind, the purling of water, humming of bees, a sweet voice of one that readeth, &c. The cause whereof is, for that fones, because they are equal' and slide not, do more strike and erect the sense, than the other. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 112. These from thy lips were like harmonious tones, Drayton. Lady Geraldine to the Earl of Surrey. For station is properly no rest, but one kind of motion, relating unto that which physitians (from Galen) do name extensive or tonical; that is, an extension of the muscles or organs of motion maintaining the body at length or in its proper figure.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 1. The strange situation I am in, and the melancholy state of public affairs, take up much of my time, divide or even dissipate my thoughts, and which is worse, drag the mind dow, by perpetual interruptions, from a philosophical tone, or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke. Letter to Alex. Pope. Can any tolerable reason be given for those strange new postures used by some in the delivery of the word! Such as shutting the eyes, distorting the face, and speaking through the nose, which I think cannot so properly be called preaching, as toning of a sermon.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 1. An animal ovation! such as holds No commerce with our reason, but subsists The melancholic fiend (that worst despair In our seasons of abstraction when we restrain self to the spiritual part we change our tone, for then we claim to be perpetual, unperishable, and unchangeable. Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. i. c. 6. To almost every sentiment we utter, more especially to every strong emotion, Nature hath adapted some peculiar tone of voice; insomuch, that he who should tell another that he was very angry, or much grieved, in a tone which did not suit such emotions, instead of being believed, would be laughed at -Blair, Lect. 33. We ought, certainly, to read blank verse so as to make every line sensible to the ear. At the same time, in doing so, every appearance of sing-song and tone must be carefully guarded against.-Id. Ib. To the judicious performance upon this solemn instrument, [the organ,] my observations now naturally recur. In point of tonic power, I presume it will be allowed preferable to all others.-Mason. On Church Musick. TONGS. A. S. Tang, tang-an; Dut. Tanghe; Ger. Zang: Sw. Tong; Ihre and Wachter derive from taga, to take, to seize, to hold. That which takes, seizes, holds; a tool, an instrument for that purpose. Then flewe one, of the seraphins vnto me, hauynge a hote cole in hys hande, whiche he had taken from ye aulter with the tonges, and touched my mouthe In the stocke he plac't A mighty anvile; his right hand a weighty hammer held, His left his tongs.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xviii. The ponderous hammer loads his better hand, His left with tongs turns the vex'd metal round, And thick, strong strokes, the doubling vaults rebound. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xviii. They put in the fresh, and take out the other stones, with a cleft stick, which serves as longs. Cook. Third Voyage, b. iv. c. 3. Goth. Tuggo, (tungo;) A. S. Tunge; Dut. Tonghe; Ger. TO'NGUELESS. Zung, which (Wachter thinks) TO'NGUE-TIE. is the same word as ding, loquela, ding-en, loqui; and this in A. S. is thingun, locutio, thing-an, loqui, to speak. TONGUE, n. TONGUE, V. The organ of speech; the power or faculty of speech; the language. (See the quotation from Derham.) Tongue is also applied to Any thing projected or protruded; as, the tongue from the mouth, a tongue of land. The prowes that the Brute dude no longe no telle ne may, Id. p. 400. And he criede and seide, fadir Abraham, haue mersy on me and sende Lazarus that he dippe the ende of his finger flaume.-Wiclif. Luk, c. 16. in water, to hele my tunge: for I am turmentid in this And he cryed and sayd; father Abraham, haue mercye on me, and sende Lazarus that he maye dyppe of his finger in water, and cole my tonge: for I am tormented in this flame.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Also it bihoueth dekenes to be chaast, not double tunged, not ghouun mych to wyn.—Wiclif. 1 Tymo, c. 3. Likewise must the deacons be honest, not double tonged, not geue vnto muche drynckyng.—Bible, 1551. Ib. And whanne summe herden, that in Ebrew tunge he spak to hem, thei ghauen the more silence. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 22. But whan the quene to londe come, This false tonged Perseus The regiment hath vnderfonge.-Id. Ib. b. ii. For what royalme almoste (Englande excepted) hath not all the good autours that euer wrote translated into the mother loungue, whereby the people are made prudente and expert menne in the tracte of all affayres, either touching anye discipline or els any ciuile matiers. Udal. Pref. to K. Edw. VI. Amo. Speak; I give Beaum. & Fletch. The Faithful Shepherdess, Act i. 'Tis still a dreame; or else such stuffe as madmen Tongue, and braine not. Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act v. sc. 4. A deflowred maid, And by an eminent body, that enforc'd The law against it? but that her tender shame Will not proclaime against her maiden losse, How might she tongue me? Id. Measure for Measure, Act iv. sc. 4. I knew Fame was a lyar, too long, and lou'd tongu'd, Beaum. & Fletch. The Loyal Subject, Act iv. sc. 3. Tongued they are not like other birds, with a thin tip before.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 29. One good deed, dying tonguelesse, Slaughters a thousand, wayting vpon that. Shakespeare. The Winter's Tale, Act i. sc. 2. Let no fatall bell nor clock Pierce the hollow of thy eare: Tongulesse be the early cock, Or what else may adde a feare. F. Beaumont. A Charme. Bible, 1551. Esay, c. 6. of that beast, what an undaunted and invincible heart she had; and likewise of what taciturnity and trust in keeping secrets, by taking it tonguelesse.—Holland. Plutarch, p. 162, They talk of Jupiter, he's but a squib cracker to her: Look well about you, and you may find a tongue-bolt. Beaum. & Fleich. Philaster, Act il, But I suspect extremely that fabulous tongue-cutting. Drayton, Poly-Olbion, s. 8 Selden. Illust. Pindarus the poet said: That those who are vanquished and put to foil, are so tongue-tied, that they cannot say a word; howbeit, this is not simply true, nor holdeth in all. Holland. Plutarch, p. 197. nature laid upon that one member the tongue, the grand What an abridgment of art, what a variety of uses hath instrument of tast, the faithful judge, the centinel, the watchman of all our nourishment, the artful modulator of our voice, the necessary servant of mastication, swallowDerham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 5. ing, sucking, and a great deal besides! It is worth any man's while to watch the agility of his tongue; the wonderful promptitude with which it executes changes of position, and the perfect exactness. Each syllable of articulated sound requires for its utterance a specifio action of the tongue, and of the parts adjacent to it. TONSILE. TO'NSURE. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 9. tonsum, past part. of tondere, to shave, to shear. There was no man whiche toke tonsure. Gower. Con. A. b. viii. Vesture & tonsure of the ministers of the church, & what service they be bound unto. Strype. Eccles. Mem. Originals. Hen. VIII. No. 109. They were forbidden to use a particular tonsure of the hair: because a neighbouring nation used it in honour of a dead prince whom they worshipped. Bp, Horsley, vol. iii. Ser. 33. TONSILS. Fr. Tonsilles; Lat. Tonsilla, a dim. of toles, (tumor in faucibus.) A swelling in the jaws, (a tollendo, Vossius.) It healeth all ulcers that happen in moist parts, and namely those of the mouth, tonsils or almond kernels on either side of the throat.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. The meat is driven within the passage or gullet of the throat, partly by the tongue and partly by the glandulous parts or kernels called tonsels.—Id. Ib. p. 837. Hence the sidelong walls Of shaven yew; the holly's prickly arms Trimm'd into high arcades; the tonsile box Wove, in mosaic mode of many a curl, Around the figur'd carpet of the lawn. TONTINE. Mason. The English Garden, b. i. See the quotation from Smith. Annuities for life have occasionally been granted in two different ways: either upon separate lives, or upon lots of lives, which in French are called tontines, from the name of their inventor.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 3. TOO, i. e. to. To prefixed to verbs gives emphasis. See To. Placed before adjectives or adverbs, it gives addition, increase, augmnetation, excess; and then, generally, implies More, also, likewise; more than ; over, beyond. And certes, if it n'ere to long to here: I wolde have told you fully the manere. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 877. But it were all to long for to devise The grete clamour. Id. Ib. v. 996. For the stuffe they had was sufficient for them vnto al the worke, to make it and to much. Bible, 1551. Exodus, c. 36. For the parte of the children of Juda was to muche for theym: and therfore the children of Simeon hadde theyr enheritaunce in the enherytaunce of theym. Id. Josua, c. 19. Ped. 'Tis here again, hark gentle Roderigo, Hark, hark: O sweet, sweet, how the birds record too! Mark how it flies now every way. Beaum. & Fletch. The Pilgrim, Act v. sc. 4. Quisar. I could curse thee too, Religion and severity has steel'd thee, Has turn'd thy heart to stone. Id. The Island Princess, Act v. There taught us how to live: and (oh! too high The price for knowledge) taught us how to die. Tickell. On the Death of Addison, ПР And eeke that angry foole Which follow'd her, with cursed hands uncleane Perhaps you took me for a fool, Dorset. The Antiquated Coquet. Thus when the gods are pleas'd to plague mankind, By them ordain'd the tools of fate to be, Rowe. Lucan. Pharsalia, b. vii. It fortunately happened that the carpenters, both of the Gloucester and of the Tryal, with their chests of tools, were on shore when the ship drove out to sea. Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 33. Every thing they have. however, is as well and ingeniously made, as if they were furnished with the most compleat tool-chest.-Cook. Third Voyage, b. iv. c. 5. } TOOT, v. Dut. Tuyte, tote, cornu, tuyten, To'OTER. canere cornu, to sound a horn, (Kilian.) A. S. Tot-ian, eminere tanquam cornu e fronte, (Lye.) The Dut. Tuyten is also strepere, tinnire, to make a noise; tuyten in de oore, to tell, to whisper in the ear. Neither the horn nor the whisper is part of the meaning. To toot, seems to be applied to any means of knowing, or making known: To search, to seek, to peep or pry; to ken, to espy, to look into, to look out. espy: his ton toteden out,-is-his toes peeped, In Piers Plouhman, a beme toten, is a beam looked out. A toting hill, Udal himself explains. A toting ruff, a ruff looking over or out, project ing, overhanging. Toting noses, projecting, prominent. Tooters, (in Beaum. & Fletch.) were to announce the king's approach (by sound of horn); and hence, to toot, is To make known, to announce, by (the loud noise of) the horn; to sound the horn; or, (in Dutch,) to make known by the low sound of a whisper; to whisper. Long wandring up and downe the land, For birds in bushes tooting, Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. March. Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. x. 8. 56. Id. Ib. b. xiv. 8. 66. Euen by an holy fryer, that Who, softly stealing at my backe, Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. c. 47. Fra. Gill, no more of that, TOOTH, n. B. Jonson. Tale of a Tub, Act v. sc. 4. TO'OTHLESS. TO'OTHSOME. TOOTHY. Tooth and nail-biting and scratching, with all possible keenness; doing every possible injury, hurt, or harm. for toth.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 5. Ghe han herd that it hath be seied yghe for yghe, and toth Ye haue heard howe it is sayd, an eye for an eye: a toth for a toth.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And than he must the oxen yoke, The teeth of thadder he must sow.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. What shall I saye of the whiche suffer paine in the heade, totheache, akyng of bones, do they not suffer great paines. Those homelie tooth drawers vsed no great cunning in The origin seems to be the A. S. To-wit-plucking them foorth (as may be coniectured.) To wit, tooit, toot, is an obvious course of corruption. Whou myght thou in thy brothers eighe a bare mote And in thyn owen eighe nought a beme toten? The hie godes frendship 'hem makes, Id. Ib. b. iv. Chaucer. The Plowmans Tale, pt. i. We eftsones come to the rising vp of the hill towardes ye mount of Sion, which is called the tootyng hill, or peake, or high beakon place or watching toure, from whence to see a ferre of.-Udal. Luke, c. 19. Ill huswifery tooteth. To make herself brave: Good huswifery looketh What houshold must have. Tusser. Good Huswifery & Evil. His mother could not have been delivered of him [Rich. III.]; he was born toothed, and with his feet forward, contrary to the course of nature. Drayton. Q. Margaret to the Duke of Suffolk, Note 5. They keepe an horrible gnashing and hideous noise: rough they are and hairie all over their bodies, eies they have red like the houlets, and toothed they be like dogs. Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 2. Mine author Aristotle saith moreover, that they live verie long and he prooveth it by this argument, that many of them are found toothles for very age.-Id. Ib. b. viii. c. 16. And straight her tongue had teeth in it, that wrought This sharp invective.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. i. So I charm'd their eares Shakespeare. The Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1. Massinger. The Virgin Marlyr, Act v. sc. 1. Nay, how many that would fain seem serious, have dedicated grave works to ladies, toothless, hollow-ey'd, their hair shedding, &c. Beaum. & Fletch. The Woman-Hater, Act L 1 Sold. Any way, So it be handsome. 3 Sold. I had as lief 'twere toothsome too. Id. Bonduca, Act ii. sc. 2 Id. Virgil. Eneis, b. vii. Even into every tooth, we trace, through a small hole in the root, an artery to feed the bone, as well as a vein to bring back the spare blood from it; both which, with the addition of an accompanying nerve, form a thread only a little thicker than a horse-hair. Paley. Natural Theology, e. 10. The teeth, especially the front teeth, are one bone fixed in another, like a peg driven into a board.—Id, Ib. c. §. A. S. Top; Dut. Top; Ger. Zopf; Sw. Top. See TIP. The summit, or the supreme or highest or most elevated point or surface; the uppermost point or part or place; the surface. To top, to be or cause to be, to rise over or above; to excel, to be eminent; to surmount, to surpass; to be superior, or su preme. Also, to take off the top, to prune it off. This white top writeth min olde yeres; Min herte is also mouled as min heres. Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 3567. This kyng, whiche now hath his desire, Gower. Con. A. b. vii. For it is in the whole, toppe and tayle, length and bredth, begynnynge and endynge, but hypocrysye, crafte, and falsehede, haue it neuer so gloryouse a shyne of relygyon and holynesse.—Bale. Apologie, fol. 107. Another also cried out upon him, and said Story, Story, the abominable cup of fornication and filthiness, that theu hast given others to drink, be heaped up topful. State Trials, Eliz. an. 1571. Dr. John Storp, Tusser. Husbandry. April, The same dooeth often tymes happen after the morall sense also, whansoeuer, & as often as thei whiche sitte in the topcastell or high chaire of religion, and whiche bee persons notorious in the profession of teaching the doctrine of holy scripture, dooe fall in conspiracie with the secular princes against Jesus.-Udal. Luke, c. 19. At last, we perceiuing the Admirall to be farre a sterne of his company, because his maine top-mast was spent, determined to cast about with them againe. Hackluyt. Foyages, vol. ii. p. 43. And when he was to leeward, he kept about to the shareward, and left vs, and then we put out our topsailer and gaue them chace.-Id. Ib. p. 40. To the Ermin of the mint ye ordinarie vse is to glue 30 saies in curtesie, otherwise he would by authoritie of his office come aboord, & for despight make such search in the barke, that he would turne all things topsie turuie Id. I. p. 271. Why should I heere display in barreyne verse, The Indian [diamant] is not engendred in mines of gold, mt hath a great affinitie with crystall, and groweth much after that manner; for in transparent and cleare colour it differeth not at all, neither yet otherwhiles in the smooth sides and faces which it carieth betweene six angles, pointed sharpe at one end in manner of a top, or else two contrarie waies lozengewise (a wonderfull thing to consider) as if the flat ends of two tops [turbines] were set and joined together. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 4. Till underneath them fair Jerusalem, Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv. Bru. And topping all others in boasting. Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. sc. 1. And forth the wall he stept and stood; nor brake the precept given By his great mother (mixt in fight) but sent abroad his voyce, Which Pallas farre off ecchoed; who did betwixt them hoise Shrill tumult to a toplesse height. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xviii. The gods of Rome fight for ye; loud Fame calls ye, Beaum. & Fletch. Bonduca, Act iii. sc. 2. Strike, as thou strik'st a proud tree; shake their bodies, Looking far foorth into the ocean wide, But of the two extreams, a house top-heary is the worst. The beaten bark, her rudder lost, Fall a drinking till supper time, be carried to bed, top'd out of your seller, and be good for nothing all the night after.-Dryden. The Wild Gallant, Act iii. The will thus determin'd, never lets the understanding lay by the object: but all the thoughts of the mind, and powers of the body are uninterruptedly imploy'd that way, by the determinations of the will, influenc'd by that topping uneasiness as long as it lasts. Locke. Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 21. § 38. I have heard say, he had not less than 1000 slaves, some of whom were topping merchants, and had many slaves under them.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688. As to soft gales top-heavy pines bow low Their heads, and lift them as they cease to blow; Pope. The Dunciad, b. ii. Straight to the line his sanguin'd spire he roll'd, Id. Homer. Iliad, b. ii. But they supposing their Admiral was engaged with enemies, hoisted up their topsails, and crouded all the sail they could make, and ran full sail ashore after him. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1682. You sprang an arch, which, in a scurvy Humour, you tumbled topsy-turvy. Swift. Christmas Box for Dr. Delany. I have heard enough of his irony and that his words are to be turned topside tother way to understand them. Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. ii. c. 23. TOP. Dut. Top; Ger. Topf; Fr. Toupie, toupier, to turn or cast, to whirl about like a top, (Cotgrave.) Dut. Toppen; Ger. Toben, vertere et verti: circum agere, et circumagi, to turn or be turned; to drive or be driven around. Fr. Dut. and Ger, verbs seem all used consequentially. And a top may be The That which (when spinning) stands upon, woves upon its tip or point; or which keeps its 'op, crown, or head up. He that hath been cradled in majesty, and used to crowns and scepters; will not leave the throne to play with beggars at put-pin, or be fond of tops and cherry stones. Glanvill. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 24. Careful, besides, the whirling top to whip, And drive her giddy, till she fell asleep. TO'PARCH. head or chief. Dryden. Persius, Sat. 3. Gr. Toros, a place, and apxos, the chief, from apx-ew, to be The head or chief of a place (or district.) They are not to be conceived potent monarchs, but toparchs or kings of narrow territories. Brown. Vulgar Errours. As for the rest of Judæa, it is divided into ten governments or territories, called, toparchies. Holland. Plinie, b. v. c. 4. TO'PAZE. Fr. Topaze; It. Topazio; Sp. Topacio; Lat. Topazius. See the quotation. The topaze or chrysolith, hath a singular greene colour by it selfe, for which it is esteemed verie rich; and when it was first found, it surpassed all others in price: they were discovered first in an isle of Arabia called Chitis, wherein certain rovers [Troglodytes] beeing newly landed, after they had ben driven thither by tempest and urged with famine, began to feed upon hearbs and dig for roots, and by that means met with the topaze stone: this is the opinion of Archelaus. But K. Juba reporteth, that there is an island within the red sea called Topazas, distant from the continent 300 stadia, the which is oftentimes so mistie, that sailers have much adoe to find it, whereupon it tooke that name : for in the Troglodytes language (saith he) topazin is as much to say, as to search or seeke for a thing. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 8. Mr. Banks brought a few topazes and amethysts as specimens of the topazes there are three sorts, of very different value.-Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 2. TOPE, v. I know not, (says Skinner,) wheTO'PER. ther from the Ger. Topff, a pot, or from toppen, to turn about, (see Top, n.) or (and this he prefers) from the Dut. Toppen, to rave, i.e. to drink till mad. To tope has most probably the same origin as to tipple, qv. To tip off (the liquor); to turn up the tip, top, or edge of the vessel, till all is drunk; to drink constantly, to excess,-till drunk. This Mufti in my conscience is some English renegade, he talks so savourly of toping. Dryden. Don Sebastian, Act i. sc. 1. The jolly members of a toping club, Like pipe-staves, are but hoop'd into a tub, And in a close confederacy link; For nothing else but only to hold drink. Butler. Epigram on a Club of Sots. The cobler retains his appellation after he has shut up his stall, and sits among his fellow topers at the two-penny club. Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. i. c. 5. TOPHA/CEOUS. Lat. Tofus or tophus, lapis cavernosus et mollis, a soft, porous stone. See Vossius. It [milk] differs from a vegetable emulsion by coagulating into a curdy mass with acids, which chyle and vegetable emulsions will not. Acids, mixed with them, precipitate a tophaceous chalky matter, but not a cheesy substance. Arbuthnot. Of Aliments, c. 4. TOPIARY. Fr. Topiaire, the making of images in, or arbors of, plants, (Cotgrave.) Lat. Topiarus. It is applied to Cutting trees or hedges into particular forms or shapes. No topiary hedge of quickset TOPICK, adj. Buller. Sat. upon the Weakness and Misery of Man. Fr. Topique; It. Tòpico; Lat. Topica, from Gr. Toros, a place. Topicks, loci, e quibus argumenta promuntur, TO'PICAL. TO'PICALLY. (Cicero.) Local, of or pertaining to place. Topick, n.-a place; topicks, books or places, of logical invention. The men of Archenfeld, in Hereford-shire, claimed by custom to lead the van-guard; but surely this priveledge was topical, and confined to the Welsh wars, with which the aforesaid men, as borderers, were best acquainted. Fuller. Worthies. Kent. O all ye topic gods, that do inhabit here, The places ought before the application of those topicke medicines, to be well prepared with the razour, and a sinapisme or rubicative made of mustard-seed, untill the place look red.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxix. c. 6. So that in this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topick but a transcendent that runs through all topicks; for reason, like logick, is instrument of all things else.-Bp. Taylor. Liberty of Prophesying, § 10. So that the rules of order being neither of these are but topical, and limited, and transient. Id. Rule of Conscience, b. iii. c. 4. The temper of their dung and intestinal excretions do also confirm the same, which topically applyed become a Phænigmus or rubifying medecine. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 3. The polytheism, superstition and idolatry of Egypt, appear so monstrous in the light in which we view them, that they furnish the principal topicks of every declamation against the theology of paganism. Bolingbroke, Ess. 3. On Monotheism. We are much to blame, that we banish religious topicks from our discourse; which might be, if properly introduced, the most delightful part of it.-Secker, vol. iv. Ser. 16. These topics or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult, in order to find out materials for his speech.—Blair, Lect. 32. TOPOGRAPHY. TOPO'GRAPHER. TOPOGRAPHIC. TOPOGRAPHICAL. TOPOGRAPHICALLY. Fr. Topographie; It. Topografia; Sp. Topographia; Lat. Topogra phia; Gr. Τοπογραφία, from Toros, place, and Ypap-e, to describe. In our topographie we haue at large set foorth and described the site of the land of Ireland, the natures of sundrie things therein conteined, the woonderous & strange prodigies which are in the same, and of the first origin of that nation, euen from the first beginning vntill this our time. Holinshed. Conquest of Ireland, Pref. At this time was seene a woman who had a great beard, and a man vpon hir backe, as a horsse; of whom I haue alreadie spoken in my topographie.-Id. Ib. c. 11. First therefore touching the topographical description of the place.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 93. The fourth proposal was, whether there might not be added some appendices to the Bible, as chorographical and topographical tables, genealogies, and the like. Hales. Lett. from the Synod of Dort. Nov. 1618. I may the better present you the topographic description of this mighty empire.-Sir T. Herbert. Travels, p. 58. My defects will be perfectly supplyd by such who shall topographically treat of this subject in relation to this county alone.-Fuller. Worthies. Kent. TOPPLE. Dim. of Top. To come top foremost; to fall or throw top or head forwards; headlong. Though castles topple on their warders' heads : Their heads to their foundations: answer me To what I aske you.-Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. 1. Least my braine turne, and the deficient sight Id. Midsummer Night's Dreame, Act li. sc. 1. TOR. See TOWER. Fr. Torche; It. Tòrcia, tòrchio; TORCHER.} Sp. Antorcha. The French called a wreathed straw, laid upon the head to place any thing weighty, torche; and Skinner derives either from the Lat. Torris, or from torquere, to twist (being made of twisted materials); but he prefers the former. (Twisted) flax, thread, or other substance (prepared for kindling and supplying light.) For to a torche oth' to a taper. the trinite is likenede. Piers Plouhman, p. 330. The torches brennen, and the lamps bright The sacrifice been full ready dight. Chaucer. Legende of Phillis |