Cawdor and while he lived at Rothiemurcus is said to have led the people of Badenoch in Alexander III.'s expedition against the Norwegians. There is a tradition that, having slain a man, he fled to the court of Angus Og of Islay, and as the result of a love affair with Mora, daughter of that chief, had to flee to Ireland. Subsequently, however, he returned, married Mora, and was reconciled to his father-in-law. In his time a certain Gillebride took service under Ferquhard. From him are descended the MacGillivrays of later days, who have always been strenuous supporters of the Mackintosh honor and power. In keeping with his stormy life, shortly after his marriage, Ferquhard was slain in an island brawl, and his two children, Angus and a daughter, were brought up by their uncle, Alexander, their mother's eldest brother.

During the minority of Angus the family fortunes suffered from the aggressions of the Comyns. In 1230, Walter Comyn, son of the Justiciar of Scotland, had obtained the Lordship of Badenoch, and he and his descendants seem to have thought the presence of the Mackintoshes in the district a menace to their interests. During the boyhood of Angus they seized his lands of Rait and Meikle Geddes, as well as the castle of Inverness, all of which possessions remained alienated from Clan Mackintosh for something like a hundred years.

Angus took for his wife in 1291, Eva, only daughter of the chief of Clan Chattan, a race regarding whose origin there. has been much discussion. According to tradition he received along with her the lands of Glenlui and Locharkaig in Lochaber, as well as the chiefship of Clan Chattan. According to another tradition, however, Eva had a cousin once removed, Kenneth, descended, like her, from Muireach, parson of Kingussie, from whom he and his descendants took the name of Macpherson or "Son of the Parson." It is through this Kenneth as heir-male that the Macpherson chiefs have claimed to be the chiefs of Clan Chattan.

Angus, sixth chief of the Mackintoshes, was a supporter of King Robert the Bruce. He is said to have been one of the chief leaders under Randolph, Earl of Moray, at the battle of Bannockburn, and as a reward to have received the lands of Benchar in

Badenoch. Also, as a consequence of the fall of the Comyns, he is understood to have come again into possession of the lands of Rait and Meikle Geddes, as well as the keepership of the Castle of Inverness. From younger sons of Angus were descended the Mackintoshes or Shaws of Rothiemurcus, the Mackintoshes of Dalmunzie, and the Mackintoshes in Mar. He himself died in 1345.

His son, William, the seventh chief. seems to have been almost immediately embroiled in a great feud with the Camerons, who were in actual occupation of the lands of Locharkaig. Mackintosh endeavored to secure his possession of these old Clan Chattan lands by obtaining a charter from his relative, John of Isla, afterwards Lord of the Isles, who had been made Lord of Lochaber by Edward Baliol in 1335, and afterwards by a charter from David II. in 1359; but the Camerons continued to hold the lands, and all that Mackintosh ever really possessed of them was the grave in which he was buried in 1368, on the top of the island of Torchionan in Locharkaig, where it is said he had wistfully spent Christmas for several years. From a natural son of this chief were descended the Mackintoshes or MacCombies of Glenshee and Glenisla.

Lachlan, William's son by his first wife, Florence, daughter of the Thane of Cawdor, was the chief at the time of the clan's most strenuous conflicts with the Camerons. In 1370 or 1386, four hundred of the Camerons raided Badenoch. As they returned with their booty they were overtaken at Invernahaven by a superior body under the Mackintosh chief. A dispute, however, arose in the ranks of Clan Chattan, the Macphersons claiming the post of honor on the right wing, as representatives of the old Clan Chattan chiefs, while Davidson of Invernahaven claimed it as the oldest cadet. Mackintosh decided in favor of Davidson; the Macphersons in consequence withdrew from the field, and as a result the Mackintoshes and Davidsons were all but annihilated. Tradition runs that in these straits Mackintosh sent a minstrel to the Macpherson camp, who in a song taunted the Macphersons with cowardice. At this, Macpherson called his men to arms, and, attacking the Camerons, defeated and put them to flight.

Closely connected with this event appears

to have been the famous clan battle before King Robert III. on the North Inch at Perth in 1396. According to some authorities this battle was between Clan Davidson and Clan Macpherson to settle the brawls brought about by their rival claims to precedency. The weight of evidence, however, appears to favor the belief that the battle was between Clan Chattan and Clan Cameron. The incident is well known, and is recorded in most of the Scottish histories of the following and later centuries. It has also been made famous as an outstanding episode in Sir Walter Scott's romance The Fair Maid of Perth. On a Monday morning near the end of September, thirty champions from each clan faced each other within barriers on the North Inch. Robert III. was there with his queen and court, while round the barriers thronged a vast crowd of the common people from near and far. Before the battle began it was discovered that Clan Chattan was one man short, and it seemed as if the fight could not take place; but on the chief calling for a substitute, and offering a reward, there sprang into the lists a certain Gow Chrom, or bandy-legged smith of Perth, known as Hal o' the Wynd. The battle than began, and was fought with. terrific fury till on one side only one man survived, who, seeing the day was lost, sprang into the Tay and escaped. On the victorious side there were eleven survivors, among whom Hal o' the Wynd was the only unwounded man. It is said he accompanied Clan Chattan back to the Highlands, and that his race is represented by the Gows or Smiths, who have been ranked as a sept of Clan Chattan in more recent times.

For a generation after this combat the feud between the Mackintoshes and the Camerons seems to have remained in abeyance. In 1430, however, it broke out again, and raged intermittently till well on in the seventeenth century.

Lachlan, the eighth chief, died in 1407. His wife was Agnes, daughter of Hugh Fraser of Lovat, and their son, Ferquhard, held the chiefship for only two years. He appears to have been slothful and unwarlike, and was induced to resign his birthright to his uncle, Malcolm, reserving to himself only Kyllachy and Corrivory in Strathdearn, where his descendants

remained for a couple of centuries. Malcolm, the uncle who succeeded as tenth chief, was a son of the seventh chief, William, by his second wife, daughter of Macleod of the Lewis. He was a short, thickset man, and from these characteristics was known as Malcolm Beg. Two years after his succession, Donald of the Isles, in prosecution of his claim to the Earldom of Ross, invaded the north of Scotland. Of the mainland chiefs who joined his army, Mackintosh and Maclean were the most important, and at the great battle of Harlaw, north of Aberdeen, where the Highland army was met and defeated by the Earl of Mar and the chivalry of Angus and Mearns, both of these chiefs greatly distinguished themselves. Maclean fell in the battle, as also did many of the Mackintoshes, including James, laird of Rothiemurcus, son of Shaw, who was leader of Clan Chattan in the lists at Perth, but the Mackintosh chief himself appears to have escaped, and there is a tradition that at a later day he conducted James I over the field of battle. There is also a tradition that, for yielding the honor of the right wing to the Maclean chief in the battle, Mackintosh was granted by Donald of the Isles certain rights in the lands of Glengarry.

It was in the time of this chief that the Mackintoshes finished their feud with the Comyns. During the lawless times under Murdoch, Duke of Albany, Alexander Comyn is said to have seized and hanged certain young men of the Mackintoshes on a hillock near the castle of Rait. Mackintosh replied by surprising and slaying a number of the Comyns in the castle of Nairn. Next the Comyns invaded the Mackintosh country, besieged the chief and his followers in their castle in Loch Moy, and proceeded to raise the waters of the loch by means of a dam, in order to drown out the garrison. One of the latter, however, in the night-time managed to break the dam, when the waters rushed out, and swept away a large part of Comyn's besieging force encamped in the hollow below. Thus foiled, the Comyns planned a more crafty revenge. Pretending a desire for peace, they invited the chief men of the Mackintoshes to a feast at Rait castle.

(Continued on page 329)

This firm, one of the oldest in the Port of New York, was founded in 1877 by the late James Shewan, is now located at the foot of 25th-27th streets, Brooklyn, having removed to this location from New York city three years ago.

The present management consists of Mr. James Shewan, President, and Mr. Edwin A. Shewan, Vice President (sons of the founder), and it is due to their business ability, together with their long practical experience, that this firm has achieved such rapid progress and established itself as one of the leading ship repairers in the United States. The sons received their

training from an early age, under their father, beginning at the bottom and earning every promotion. There is not a detail of the business of which they do not have a practical knowledge.

The plant is ideally situated, being central to all of the principal steamship piers in the entire port; also is directly on the forty-foot Bay Ridge Channel and connecting with the Ambrose Channel, thereby enabling vessels of the deepest draught to be dry-docked or moored alongside at any stage of the tide. They have a full line of shops, employing more than two thousand men, viz.: boiler and plate, machine,

forge, carpenter, joiner, coppersmith, pipefitting, plumbing, electrical, painting and others necessary to the shipyard trade. During the past two years, owing to the steadily increasing pressure of business, they have built large extensions to their boiler and machine shops, installed a large number of new tools and up-to-date appliances to facilitate the handling of this increased volume of work; built a large mold loft; made extensions to plate racks, so as to enable them to carry, at all times, a full line of steel plates, shapes, frames, angles, etc., and at the present time they are making further additions and extensions to the other shops, both as to floor space and machinery, so as to enlarge their capacity to meet their growing business. They also have seven dry-docks, ranging in capacity from 1,000 to 12,000 tons, accommodating a draught, maximum, of twentyfive feet on five-foot keel blocks; the largest of these docks being entirely of steel construction, of a design approved and

adopted by the British Admiralty, and built by Messrs. Swan & Hunter, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. Taking the plant, all in all, it is one of the largest and most modern throughout of those on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Repairs of the largest extent and of all descriptions have been successfully and satisfactorily executed on vessels belonging to some of the most prominent ship owners in the world.

The founder, the late Mr. James Shewan, had all the qualities of the Scottish race, which he exhibited in his daily life. He took a friendly interest in the army of workmen whom he employed, and applied in his business the ethics of the Presbyterian Church, in whose faith he was brought up and lived. As a successful man, he accumulated an ample fortune, which enabled him to finance personally his large industrial enterprises. He died May 17. 1914, leaving a widow, two sons and three daughters.

"E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries

E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires." GRAY'S ELEGY.

Auld Greyfriars, Edinburgh, was sc named because, in the days before the Reformation it was the garden of the Greyfriars' Monastery, which fronted on the Grassmarket.

The Greyfriars were Franciscan Monks, men belonging to the same religious order as those who came up out of Mexico at the command of the King of Spain to impose his military rule and their religious beliefs on the natives of California, establishing as they did the long string of missions that reached from San Diego to San Francisco, each a day's journey from the other; the ruins of these missions to-day being considered monuments to their patience and energy. These men gave its name to California's great city, San Francisco, their mission-house there being the nucleus around which the city grew up.

A group of twelve of these monks, led by one Cornelius Zurich, came to Edinburgh from Cologne, on the invitation of James I of Scotland in 1430. Zurich was a man who had a high reputation as a scholar. The King was anxious to improve the condition of his people in the knowledge of the arts and in piety. With this end in view he founded the University of St. Andrews, and also brought Flemish merchants, artisans and manufacturers into the country. He built in the Grassmarket in Edinburgh a house for this company of Greyfriars that was so fine they for a long time refused to live in it. For about 130 years this monastery did good and faithful work for the church. Then came the Reformation, when the Friars were dispersed and the property reverted to the Crown.

The Franciscan order, that since its origin in the twelfth century has become a great power in the Church of Rome, had its beginning in a rather curious way and because its founder was a thief and stole from his father. He was the son of an Italian trader, who lived in the town or city of Assisi in the Province of Perugia, and traded with the south of France. Returning from a journey there he found that a son had been born to him during his absence. To commemorate the event he named his new son Francisco. The lad grew up like other boys of his class, merry-hearted and careless, but bright intellectually. At the age of twenty he was seized with a severe illness that changed his whole nature. He became very pious, devoting all his time to work among the poor and the distressed. He was in the habit of frequenting the ruins of an old church for meditation and prayer, and one day when at his devotions there he thought he heard a voice saying to him: "Francis, seest thou not that my house is in ruins. Go and restore it for me." To hear was to obey. Having been cast off by his father, who had no sympathy with his religious beliefs, he had no money, neither had he the means of raising any. He returned to his father's house, took a horse and a bale of his goods, rode to a neighboring town and sold them, and surprised the priest stationed at St. Damian's the ruined church-by presenting him with the money procured from the sale, which was enough to restore the church. This resulted in his father having him thrown into prison and casting him off entirely. It also caused him to devote his entire life to the work and services of the church and finally founding the great religious order of St. Francis, named for him. His tomb is in the church of his native