our souls, we cannot sacrifice even for the sake of peace.

"Our government just now is speaking of peace. But has it no word to say for righteousness?

"The monstrous crimes against the Belgian people are going on day by day. Are we to speak words of equal approval and friendship both to the wronged and to the wrongdoer? I say that it is false both to the wronged and to the wrongdoer? I say that it is false both to the principles of the Gospel and to our ideals as Americans."

European War Diary-XXV November 24-Alexander Trepoff succeeds M. Sturmer as Premier of Russia. German Minister of Foreign Affairs von Jagow resigns.

November 25- Greek Provisional Government under Venizelos declares war on Bulgaria and Germany.

November 26-German destroyers attempt to raid British coast.

November 27-British destroy two Zeppelins raiding the northern counties of England.

November 28-Russians and Rumanians retreat from the line of the Alt River;, Rumanian Government abandons Bucharest. American steamship Chemung is torpedoed and sunk with colors flying by German submarine near Cape de Gata, Spain.

November 29-Admiral Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe, commander of the British fleet, made First Lord of the Admiralty. Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty succeeds him as commander of the Grand Fleet.

November 30-Greek King Constantine defies the Allies and rejects their ultimatum.

December 1-French troops, landed at the port of Athens, are fired upon by Greek loyalists. Serious rioting throughout the city.

December 2-Russians launch great offensive in Bukowina and Moldavia in attempt to relieve the Teutonic pressure on the Rumanian front.

December 3-Generals von Falkenhayn and von Mackensen, after capturing Orsova and Turnu-Severin, advance to Campalung, sixteen miles from Bucharest.

December 4-Serbs defeat Bulgarians after long battle north of Monastir. Greek rioting suppressed. Government crisis in Great Britain.

December 5-Hon. Herbert H. Asquith resigns as British Premier. Italian steamer Palermo sunk with 25 Americans aboard.

December 6-Teutons occupy Bucharest.

December 7-Allies proclaim Greek blockade. Hon. David Lloyd George accepts the Premiership and begins formation of a new British Cabinet.

December 8-Liberals in Parliament vote to support Lloyd George. Germans offer to back King Constantine if Greece will declare war on the Allies.

December 9-Bill for small cabinet presented in French Chamber of Deputies.

December 10-New British Cabinet named. New Allied ultimatum to Greece.

December 11-Premier Lloyd George's illness causes postponement of address to Parliament. Russians and Rumanians make a strong stand east of Ploechti.

December 12-Chancellor von Bethmann Hollweg announces that Germany and her Allies are willing to negotiate peace. France names new War Council of five. General Joffre made head of Allies military council and General Nivelle, commander-in-chief in the field.

December 13-Premier Briand, in the French Chambers of Deputies scoffs at peace at this time and warns France to beware of her enemies. Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria appointed regent of Poland.

December 14-Hon. A. Bonar Law, in the British Parliament, speaking for the new Government, says that the Allies have not changed their views on peace, and will demand "reparation and security." British horse-boat Russian, sunk, 17 Americans lost.

December 15-In great drive north of Douaumont, the French advance two miles on a 14 mile front, taking many prisoners. Russian Duma votes unanimously to reject Germany's peace offer.

December 16-French continue to advance and capture Bezonvaux and Caurieres Wood. Rumanians fall back at Buzeu.

December 17-Russians check Teuton advance in Rumanian. Rumanian army escapes and is reforming behind Russians.

December 18-French win further advance at Chaubrettes Farm. Prisoners since December 15, 11,387, including 284 officers, 115 cannon, 44 bomb throwers and 107 machine guns.

December 19-Premier David Lloyd George, in the British Parliament, replies to Germany's peace proposals, demanding "complete restitution, full reparation, and effectual guarantees for the future-surer guarantees than the others so lightly broken." France, Russia and Italy stamp Germany's proposals as insincere.

December 20-President Wilson, in identical notes, dated December 18, asks the belligerent powers to state the terms upon which they will make peace.

December 21-Great battle rages in the Dobrudja with the Russians holding the Teutons in check.

December 22-King George, in proroguing Parliament says that Britain and the Allies must vindicate the rights so ruthlessly vio lated by their enemies and establish the security of Europe on a sure foundation. British capture El Arish, east of Suez.

The outstanding event of the month in British news, and probably the most farreaching event since the beginning of the war, is the recent reorganization of the British Cabinet. Taken in its broadest signification, it is but another demonstration of the popular determination to devote every resource of the Empire toward pushing the war to a successful conclusion. There had been much criticism of the unwillingness or inability of the retiring Government to wage the war with necessary bitterness to meet the unlimited savagery of the enemy; and the confidence which the Hon. David Lloyd George holds with all classes, and his reputation for energy and accomplishment, augur well for a vigorous administration by the new Cabinet. The small war Cabinet, consisting of only four strong men in addition to the Premier, with almost dictatorial powers, will enable more speedy decision on matters effecting the prosecution of military and naval affairs.

Premier As uith resigned December 5, and by his magnanimous action in withdrawing and promising his influence and support to the new ministry in their prosecution of the war, has made a fine impression on the nation. The portfolio was immediately offered to the Hon. A. Bonar Law, leader of the opposition, who refused, and on December 7, accepted by the Hon. David Lloyd George. The new Cabinet was named Decem

RT. HON. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE The New British Premier

ber 10, but the slight illness of the new Prime Minister delayed his speech to Parliament until December 19. In the meantime had come the offer of a peace parley from Germany and President Wilson's note to the belligerent powers, which gave his address special significance. The make-up of the new Cabinet is as follows:

In the War Council Premier--David Lloyd George, (L.); Lord President of the Council-Earl Curzon, (U.) (To be Government leader in the House of Lords.); Chancellor of the Exchequer-Andrew Bonar Law, (U.) (To be Government leader in the House of Commons.); Without PortfolioArthur Henderson, (Lab.); Without Portfolio-Lord Milner, (U.).

Not in the Council-Lord High Chancellor -Sir Robert Bannatyne Finlay, (U.); Secretary of State for the Home DepartmentSir George Cave, (U.); Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs-Arthur J. Balfour, (U.); Secretary of State for the Colonies-Walter Hume Long, (U.); Secretary of State for War-The Earl of Derby, (U.); Secretary of State for India-Austen Chamberlain, (U.); President of the Local Government Board

Baron Rhondda, (David A. Thomas,) (L.); President of the Board of Trade-Sir Albert Stanley; Minister of Labor-John Hodge, (Lab.); First Lord of the Admiralty-Sir Edward Carson, (U.); Minister of Munitions -Dr. Christopher Addison, (L.); Minister of Blockade-Lord Robert Cecil, (U.); Food Controller-Baron Devonport, (L.); Shipping Controller-Sir Joseph Paton Maclay; President of the Board of Agriculture— Rowland E. Prothero, (U.); President of the Board of Education-Herbert A. L. Fisher; First Commissioner of Works-Sir Alfred M. Mond, (L.); Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster-Sir Frederick Cawley,

(L.); Post

master General-Albert Illingworth, (L.); Minister of Pensions-George N. Barnes, (Lab.); Attorney General-Sir Frederick E. Smith, (U.); Solicitor General-Gordon Hewart, K. C., (L.); Secretary for Scotland -Mr. Munro, (L.); Lord Advocate-James A. Clyde, K. C., (L. U.); Solicitor General for Scotland-Thomas B. Morison, K. C., (L.); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland-Baron Wimborne, (U.); Chief Secretary for Ireland— Henry E. Duke, (U.); Lord Chancellor for Ireland-Sir Ignatius J. O'Brien, K. C., (L.).

Sir Robert Bannatyne Finlay, in accepting the office of Lord High Chancellor, stipulated that his right to a pension be waived.

Drummer Walter Ritchie, a Glasgow youth of the Seaforth Highlanders, received the Victoria Cross at Buckingham Palace, November 25, for having gallantly mounted a parapet under heavy fire and sounding the charge and rallying the men who had lost their leaders and were about to retire.

A meeting was held November 22, presided over by Lord Salvesen, deploring that large numbers of soldiers enlisted in Scottish regiments had since been drafted to fill up English and Irish regiments, while Scottish regiments were clearly in need of recruits. The resolution demanded a guarantee that Scottish recruits should be sent to Scottish regiments. Headed by the Duke of Buccleuch, a deputation is to approach the Secretary for War on the subject.

Stirring stories are now to hand of the part played by Scottish troops in the capture of Beaumont Hamel. Over 1,400 prisoners were taken by the Scots in the course of one day. A Scottish private to whom a German officer surrendered, showed characteristic presence of mind in making the most of his prisoner (says a Scotsman war correspondent.) "You speak English?" he asked. "A little," said the officer. "Come with me and tell your men to surrender," said the Scots

man.

The German officer walked with him to the mouth of a large dug-out, and shouted in German, "The English are all around us. You must come out and give yourselves up." One by one the occupants filed out into the ravine, holding up their hands.

"Are there any more," called the officer. "I am the last," said a spectacled, anxious young soldier.

"These are all the men," said the officer to the Scottish private, who took their surrender with dignity of a Field-Marshal. Fifty Germans had been captured through his efforts.

An officer in one Scottish battalion had a

curious experience in an enemy dug-out. He had gone through one trench after another, leading a party of bombers, finally arriving at a position far down the ravine with only two of his men left. Stationing them as guards at the mouth of one subterranean chamber, he decended into the darkness, alone, and called upon the occupants to surrender. His electric torch shone on the faces of a Captain of Uhlans and several other German officers, standing round the mirror of a periscope, which reflected the ground above.

"I suppose we must surrender," said the Captain of the Uhlans.

"Will you permit us to get our packs?"

The Scottish officer assented. One of his prisoners went into an inner chamber. While he waited, the Captain of Uhlans still gazing into the mirror of the periscope, exclaimed, "You appear to be alone. I am not so sure we are your prisoners. I think you are ours." "That may be," said the other.

They waited in silence, Scot and German alike devoutly hoping that his troops would arrive and claim the other. Suddenly an exclamation from the watchers at the periscope. Figures in uniforms that could not by any possible chance be those of German soldiers were flashing across the mirror. The Captain of Uhlans turned to the British officer and said, "There appear to be Scottish troops all around us, so perhaps we had better go back to the original arrangement. We are at your service."

A schoolmaster, writing to the papers says: "The country will get the education it pays for." This is the naked truth tersely told. He gives several instances where teachers on his own staff are paid less than message boys. He adds: "My son, a battalion bombing officer in France (where he is probably paid 7/6 or more per day) was only paid £40 per annum in school. My daughter, now earning £2-2-6 per week at munitions,

was only paid £30 per annum as a teacher, though both were born teachers. My own salary is less than that of a respectable mechanic, and my pension will be less than that of the local policeman." The Education Department may read this and think.

Pipe Major Anderson of the Royal Scots, formerly of the Edinburgh City Police force, who received the French decoration of the Cross of War some time ago, in connection with the Somme offiensive, at Edinburgh, November 24, was presented with a gold watch and chain by members of the police force. The Lord Provost, who made the presentation, related the circumstances under which Anderson had distinguished himself:

"The Royal Scots were ready for the word to advance from their trenches when Anderson and two other pipers asked permission to go forward with them. This request was granted, and on the word of command the Royal Scots swarmed over the parapet to the sound of the bagpipes.

"Anderson was wounded shortly afterward, but nevertheless he pressed forward to the German trenches, where he was wounded a second time. Whereupon he flung away his pipes and went for the enemy with his fists. On knocking one out he received his rifle and joined in the fight. The division to which Anderson's battalion was attached was awarded one Cross of War by the French, and out of the whole division, Anderson was selected for the honor."

"A deadlock in connection with the Scottish scheme of sending Scottish artists to the front still continues. In the meantime, Miss Lena Ashwell paid a visit to Glasgow and interviewed some poor-spirited vocalists in the Pavilion Music Hall in an endeavour to get behind the Edinburgh committee. She may succeed, but it is a poor effort. Edinburgh for once has taken the proper stand on the question."

A committee has been appointed in Edinburgh, under the presidency of the Earl of Rosebery, to attend to all dependents in Edinburgh, who may find themselves in difficulties and who believe themselves to be unfairly treated in the matter of war allowances of any kind. The committee is a representative and influencial one. Mr. Arthur Pearson in his bill for St. Dunstan's Hotel for the blind in London, seems to ignore the fact that we have Scottish Institutions for Scottish soldiers, and a large meeting was held in Edinburgh the other evening to bring the claims of Newington House before the public, as much more suitable for Scottish soldiers who have been blinded, than any institution in London.

Councillor J. Lorne Macleod, elected November 10, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, was born at Inverary in 1873. He belongs to the profession of the Law, being an S. S. C., a Gaelic speaker and unmarried.

Sir Herbert Maxwell like many other milk and water Scots, is publishing a book on Edinburgh, through London publishers. Probably he could not get a Scottish publisher to suit him.

A writing table and chair used by Sir Walter Scott when correcting proofs of his works at his publishing office were sold for 100 guineas a short time ago in London.

An eminent Scotsman, whose life has been given to the service of the British Parliament, has just died in London in the person of Sir James Dods Shaw, editor of the Parliamentary Debates. Sir James was formerly on the editorial staffs of several English newspapers. He was very highly esteemed by all classes of the community.

Previous to the war, our toy trade depended upon the continent; now we are trying to remedy that by providing our own toys, in which Edinburgh is taking a leading part. That they have not been so successful in England is evidenced by a protest made by Lady Francis Balfour, who declared that on visiting the society's exhibition at Burlington House, she was petrified to see a Noah's Arc, almost every animal in which was in a comic position, and she felt the foundations of her Christian belief being entirely upset. Some of the models which disabled soldiers were being encouraged to make at present were nothing like human or animal subjects, and destroyed the taste for color, form and beauty in the young. Let us give the children, she pleaded, not representations of the horrors of this war, but things of beauty and the models which delighted the generation now grown up. In the child world we were departing from the beautiful romance of the fairies.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie was 81 years of age on the 24th of November. He has helped the Belgian people nobly, his first donation for their relief amounting to over $10,000,000. His principle that a man should dispose of his surplus wealth while he is alive has been carried out in the form of public libraries, Scottish University education. endowment for international peace, hero fund, and the promotion of scientific research.

The accursed liquor traffic still drags on its weary course. Shoals of letters have been appearing all over the country, deploring the waste of food in the manufacture of strong drink and the waste of tonnage in conveying wheat from foreign parts for that purpose. The Spectator says: "The materials of the drink trade employ for their production and distribution hundreds of thousands of strong men, their transport blocks railways and roads and fills ships. Millions of money are wasted and industrial energy is greatly reduced." Another writer says: "Are we less able than France or Russia or Canada to deal with this question? I ask you, I ask myself, do we deserve to win this war, are we worth fighting for, while we hug the accursed thing to our breasts? I grieve to give it as my opinion that there are people in this country in the higher class of society, as well as in the middle and lower classes, who, rather than give up their alcohol would let the country go to the devil!" JOHN WILSON.

Glasgow, Scotland.