one, and vice versa. Besides, there is a large infusion of words resembling neither language, especially of the shorter ones-prepositions and the like-which give an entirely strange sound to the spoken tongue. Unfortunately there is no good or even tolerable Danish and English dictionary, nor any grammar well adapted to the traveller's use."-pp. 179-80.

After closing his account of his tour in Norway, Professor Forbes suddenly transports us to the borders of France and Switzerland, and gives us a few chapters descriptive of former tours among the almost unknown mountains of Dauphiné, and some in the central parts of Switzerland, including an ascent of the Jungfrau. These are all fairly connected together by a common subject, namely, the exploration of the ice-world.

The chapters are very interesting; and we hardly know which to admire most, the intellectual or the bodily vigour and activity of Professor Forbes. Scientific men are not much in the habit of boasting of their feats of strength or skill, of the hardships they endured, or the dangers they have braved; but any one who is acquainted with the ground, and who reads Professor Forbes's account of the glaciers he has traversed, the precipitous heights he has scaled, the Alpine passes he has broken through, must know that, even among the inhabitants of these countries themselves, few men could be found who would have been able, or who would have dared to accompany him, except the most active, and hardy, and well-practised of the chamois-hunters and shepherds that live among the mountains. Some passages in the account of the ascent

of the Jungfrau make one shudder to read them; and we really doubt whether the object to be obtained justifies men in exposing themselves, and inducing others to expose themselves, to such awful risks. We will not harrow our readers by quoting any descriptions of these; but one passage gives us a glimpse of so much beauty, that we cannot more fitly close this article than by appending it :

"Viesch is a magnificent specimen of a glacier. The crevasses in the firn became wider as the slope was greater, and we saw some yawning chasms with greenish-white walls (the colour of the firn), forty, sixty, or eighty feet wide. But the grandest of all were some just under our feet. A casual opening in the snow but a few inches wide, disclosed to us several times some of the most exquisite sights in nature. The crevasses of the firn or nèvè are not like those of the glacier-mere wedge-like splits with icy wallsbut roomy expanded chambers of irregular forms, partly snow and partly ice; partly roofed over with tufted bridges of snow; partly open to the air, with vast dislocated masses tossing about. Stalactites of ice, possibly forty or fifty feet long, hanging from the walls and sides exactly like those in the finest calcareous grotto, but infinitely superior in so far as the light which shows them is not the smoky glare of a few tallow candles, but a mellow radiance streaming from the sides of the caverns themselves, and which, by the faintness or intensity of its delicate hue, assists the eye in seizing the relations of many parts.

"I do not recollect to have imagined anything of the kind so exquisitely beautiful as one in particular of these chasms, over which by chance we found ourselves walking, when a gap not a foot wide in its snowy roof admitted us to the somewhat awful acquaintance of the concealed abysses over which we trod."-pp. 308-9.

2 N

VOL. XLIII.-NO. CCLVII.

tion of him will be found. He was above the middle height; had a pleasing, open countenance; curly brown hair; and bright blue eyes, which, when he was excited, filled with a dusky fire.

Arms were then the only occupation for a Highland gentleman, and thus in his twenty-second year, on the 8th of February, 1793, he obtained an ensigncy in the 26th, or Cameronian Regiment, commanded by Sir William Erskine. He never joined that corps, but on raising a sufficient number of men in Locheil, procured a lieutenantcy in an independent Highland company then being formed by Capt. A. Campbell, of Ard-chattan. He was gazetted on the 3rd of April; but this company was either disbanded or incorporated with the old 93rd Regiment, to which he was appointed lieutenant on the 30th of October, in the same year. He did not join this regiment either, but busied himself in raising a company, to procure the rank of captain in a corps of Highlanders, which, in obedience to a letter of service, dated 10th February, 1794, the Duke of Gordon was raising for his son, the young Marquis of Huntly, then a captain in the Scottish Regiment of Guards. This battalion was to consist of 46 officers, 64 staff, and 1,000 rank and file, to be raised, as much as possible, among the clan of Gordon.

From the lands of Fassifern and Locheil Cameron drew a company, principally of his own name and kindred, all hardy and handsome young Highlanders, among whom were his fosterbrother, Ewen M'Millan, who never left him; two Camerons, Ewen and Angus, whom he made sergeants; Ewen Kennedy, for whom he procured an ensigncy, and another, who died a lieutenant. With these, all clad in their native tartans, he marched from the Braes of Lochaber to Castle Gordon, in Strathspey, where he was introduced to Alexander, Duke of Gordon, the Cock o' the North, by his uncle, the Rev. Dr. Ross, of Kilmanivaig, the worthy author of the statistical account of that parish. He at once received a company in the Duke's own regiment, to which he was appointed on the 13th of February,

1794, and with which he attended the grand muster of the whole at Aberdeen, on the 24th of June, when the corps was named the Gordon Highlanders, or 100th Regiment, afterwards and now the 92nd. The uniform coats and vests were scarlet, faced with yellow, and laced with silver to suit the epaulettes. The kilts and plaids were in one piece, each containing twelve yards of Gordon tartan; the claymores, dirks, buckles, and sporrans were mounted with silver; the bonnets were plumed with black ostrich feathers, and encircled by the old fess checque of the House of Stuart. The men were all Highlanders; scarcely one of them, and but very few of the officers, could speak English; the enthusiasm was so great in Badenoch that, in some instances, fathers and sons joined its ranks together.

At that time, when the French revolution menaced Europe with anarchy, and the Convention declared war against Britain and Holland, the number of Highlanders in our service is almost incredible. During a period of fifty years the clans furnished seventysix battalions of infantry, some of which were twelve hundred strong.*

How many could the Highlands raise now? Centralisation, corruption, and local tyranny of the most infamous description, have turned their beautiful glens into a silent wilderness, and the very place where Cameron raised his company of soldiers is now desolate and bare.

"I can point," says the author of a letter to the Marquis of Breadalbane, on his late ruthless clearings, "to a place where thirty recruits that manned the 92nd in Egypt came from, -men before whom Napoleon's Invincibles bit the dust,-and now only two families reside there together. I was lately informed by a grazier that on his farm, a hundred swordsmen could be gathered at their country's call, and now there are only himself and two shepherds." The brave Gaël, who crowded in tens of thousands to the British ranks, saw not the reward that was coming; evictions and wholesale clearings of the Scottish poor were then unknown. God gave the

land to the people-they believed it was theirs; but the feudal charters have decided otherwise, and the clans have been swept from Lochness to Locheil, and from Locheil to the shores of Lochlomond. The hills and the valleys are there, but the tribes have departed, and who can restore them?

Cameron, of Fassifern, embarked with his regiment at Fort George, in Ardersier, for Southampton, where, as kilted corps were unusual then in England, its arrival created a great sensation. From thence the battalion sailed for Gibraltar, under the command of Huntly, its colonel commandant, and disembarked at the Rock on the 27th of October. It was on this occasion that Mrs. Grant, of Laggan, composed her now popular song, "The Blue Bells of Scotland."

At Gibraltar a coolness ensued between Cameron and the Marquis, and from that hour they never were friends. The former having had a dispute at the mess with a Capt. M'Pherson on some point of Highland etiquette, high words and a duel followed. Captain, afterwards Colonel Mitchel, C.B., and Knight of St. Anne of Russia, was Cameron's second. Happily nothing serious resulted; and next day at the mess Lord Huntly drank wine with them all, begging that in future no more such quarrels might occur, and concluded by saying

"I may be pardoned in requiring this, as, I believe, all the gentlemen here are the tenants of my father."

"No, Marquis," said Fassifern loftily; "by Heaven here is one who is no tenant of the house of Gordon."

The young Marquis frowned; he did not reply, but never forgot the haughty

retort.

In sentiments and character, even in manner, Fassifern belonged to a past age- to a period of time beyond our own; for the stern pride, the Spartan spirit of clanship, with all the wild associations of the Gaël, deeply imbued his mind, and gave a decision to his manner and a freshness to his enthusiasm. Proud and fiery, like all his race, he had the defect of being quick and hasty in speech; but he never called aloud the name of an officer on parade, though more than one was reprehended by him in terms of severity, which, when the gust of passion was past, his generous spirit told him had been too great. He was a rigid dis

ciplinarian, strict even to a fault, and yet withal he possessed a charm which won him the affection and respect of all his regiment. To English officers who did not understand him, to Wellington in particular, his pride seemed perhaps mere petulance, and his Highland chivalry (the result of his education), eccentricity; but of these more

anon.

After receiving its colours on Windmill-hill, the regiment embarked for Corsica, and on the 11th of July, 1795, landed at Bastia, where, under the influence of Paoli, the allies had landed in the preceding year, and united the birth-place of Bonaparte to the British dominions. After suppressing a rebellion in Corte, a town in the centre of the isle, and forming the secret expedition under their Major, Alexander Napier, of Blackstone, to reduce Porto Ferrajo in Elba, the Highlanders returned to Gibraltar, where General de Burgh publicly testified his approbation of their conduct.

Cameron who was now, by the death of Major Donald McDonald, of Boisdale, senior Captain, accompanied the regiment to Portsmouth, where it landed in May, and from whence it went to Dublin in June, 1798. Here he became attached to a young lady possessed of great personal attractions, and announced to his father his intention of marrying. But old Ewen Cameron had imbibed some curious prejudices against the Irish, for a false rumour had gained credence in the Highlands that Prince Charles had been betrayed at Culloden by his two Irish followers, Sullivan and Sheridan. There was great consternation in Fassifern and the Braes of Lochaber, when it was announced that the young laird was about to wed a stranger; and, however absurd this prejudice may appear, old Fassifern set all his wits to work, and contrived to have the engagement broken off completely. A quarrel ensued between the lovers; rumour speaks of another duel with some one; but from that time to the hour of his death Cameron was never known to form another serious attachment.

At this time the Irish were in arms; Vinegar-hill was valiantly fought and lost by them; the Highlanders were kept incessantly on the march, and their belts were never off. During these operations, when encamped near

Moat, they were re-numbered as the 92nd regiment of the line.

After being quartered in Athlone, on the 15th June, 1799, Cameron embarked with the regiment for the camp at Barham Downs, where the troops destined for the expedition to Holland were assembling under LieutenantGeneral Sir Ralph Abercrombie. The Gordon Highlanders were brigaded with the 1st Royal Scots, 25th, or Scots Borderers; the 49th and Cameron Highlanders under Brigadier Sir John Moore. The troops sailed from Ramsgate, landed near the Helder; and on that evening the Gordon Highlanders, after having fifteen men drowned, fought bravely at the battle of the Sandhills. Here they and Cameron first saw the French, for whom he felt an hereditary abhorrence, having been. reared to believe, like every Highlander, that they had trifled, forty years before, with the best interests of Scotland, and betrayed Prince Charles and the clans to England.

He served at the head of his company, in all the operations under the gallant Moore during the advance to Oude Sluys, the action at Crabhenden, where Captain Ramsay of Dalhousie was wounded; the engagement with General Brune; the attack on Alkmaar; the retreat to Zuype; and the battle of Egmont-op-Zee, where it is probable that his French antipathy received an additional incentive, by the infliction of a severe wound. In that decisive charge, by which twenty pieces of cannon were retaken from the enemy, a ball struck one of his knees; and as he was falling, the arm of the faithful M Millan was the first to support him. Here the Marquis of Huntly was wounded in the shoulder; and neither he nor Cameron ever fully recovered the effect of these bullets. In this affair the Highlanders had 288 officers and men killed and wounded.

Among the latter was the henchman Ewen, who lost an ear. Rendered furious by the wound, regardless of Cameron's orders, he rushed among the French, and drove his bayonet, with a ball at the same moment, through the body of the soldier who had wounded him. Returning to his company, he said, in Gaelic, to Cameron

"You see what yonder son of the devil has done to me," and pointed to his ear, which was dripping with blood.

"He served you rightly," said Cameron, in the same language; "why did you skirmish so far in front?"

"Dioul!" muttered Ewen; "he won't take my other ear."

Here Sir John Moore was severely wounded, and Cameron desired two Highlanders to carry him to the rere. Moore afterwards offered £20 to the soldiers who carried him off. The reward was proffered to the regiment on parade; and it is a noble trait of it, that no man ever stepped forward to claim the fee. On being created a K.B., and requiring supporters for his arms, Moore addressed the following interesting letter to Lieutenant-Colonel Napier, then commanding the regiment:

"Richmond, 17th Nov., 1804.

"MY DEAR NAPIER,—I have been for some days on leave in London, and received your letters there, I am here with my mother for a day, and return this night to Sandgate. My reason for troubling you for a drawing is, that, as a Knight of the Bath, I am entitled to supporters. I have chosen a light-infantry soldier for one, being Colonel of the 1st Light Infantry regiment; and a Highland soldier for the other, in gratitude to, and in commemoration of, two soldiers of the 92nd, who, in the action of the 2nd October, raised me from the ground, when I was lying on my face, wounded and stunned (they must have thought me dead), and helped me out of the field. As my senses were returning, I heard one of them say, 'Here is the General; let us take him away,' upon which they stooped and raised me by the arm. I never could discover who they and therefore concluded they must have been killed. I hope the 92nd will not have any objection (as I have commanded them, and as they rendered me such a service) to my taking one of the corps as a supporter. I do not care for the drawing being elegant; all I want is the correct uniform and appointments. Any person who can draw a figure tolerably, but will dress him correctly, with arms, accoutrements, and in parade order, will answer every purpose, as I want it for a model only, from which a painter may draw another. If you are at a loss for a person to do this, I dare say Lieutenant-Colonel Birch would do it, or get one of the officers of the department to do so,

were,

you sent a man properly dressed to Colchester; but I think your own quarters will produce some one sufficiently expert. I received your letter by Captain (Peter) Grant, before I left Sandgate: he seems a very gentlemanly young man. I do not think I can recommend a proper adjutant to you at present. Remember me