in question. He was opposed, the new school tells us, to all external religion, whether represented in ecclesiastical authorities or in Catholic sacraments. He is, in fact, continue they, singularly fit to be the saint and patron of the undogmatic religiosity of this age. Grotesque as all this is, it is supported with great learning and with a sincere purpose to do honor to St. Francis. Against this view Father Paschal offers a solid and efficacious protest. He proves the holy founder's devotion to the Church, submissive respect for its prelates, and thorough reliance upon its sacraments. And, to come to a second conspicuous merit in this work, the discussion in its pages is carried on with a perfect critical spirit. There are no asperities, no smart jests, no intemperate words. Father Paschal has in a high degree the tone and temper of the critic and the scholar. He knows his theme profoundly, he appreciates his adversaries correctly, he leads up to his conclusions scientifically. Short as his work is, it contains in summary form principles of investigation and dignified controversy of which we see all too little. Father Paschal is to be congratulated upon his work. STUDIES IN SAINTSHIP. It is possible that there are Christians whose spiritual condition will be improved, purified, and stimulated by such information as abounds in Studies in Saintship; for example, that St. Goar hung his cape on a'sunbeam; that Joseph of Cupertino, hearing some one remark that it was a fine day overhead, straightway flew to the top of an olive-tree and knelt in ecstasy on a slender branch, which swayed as though a bird were perched upon it; that the fire of hell is black, whereas the flames of purgatory are pale, with a tinge of red; and that Anthony of Padua at one and the same moment was preaching at Montpellier and singing a solemn gradual in his monastery miles away. But common-sense people, we think, who seek in spiritual reading what will help them to be holier, braver, and nearer to Christ, will find scant relish in all this. As a compilation of legends the book would be interesting enough; but as for "studies in saintship," it is monstrously misnamed. It suggests very little indeed of either study or saintship. Studies in Saintship. Translated from the French of Ernest Hello. With an introduc painting and sculpture. The spiritual, as well as the æsthetic effects of these two branches of ecclesiastical art, are about the same, and hence the knowledge of their mutual relation is. essential to any one who would be proficient in either branch. Hand-in-hand they have come down through the centuries; they have undergone the same processes of development, and have suffered, equally, the effects of the mediæval tendency to extravagant display and secularization; they have both felt, in the same degree, the sad results of the spiritual indifference and moral decline of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, as well as the good and far-reaching effects of the Catholic Reaction and Counter-Reformation; together they have shared the fluctuations of ever-changing popular taste. Professor Dickinson treats with a master's hand the intimate relation of these two members of the sisterhood of sacred arts. Dr. Richardson's book is of a somewhat different character. While it does give an admirable epitome of the history of ecclesiastical song, yet its chief purpose seems to be to give some practical hints to church musicians. The book is meant more particularly for the musicians and clergymen of the Anglican Church, but it contains very many valuable suggestions which recommend it for universal use. One of the points upon which His Holiness insisted, in his recent encyclical, was the use of boys when the music demands the acute voice of the soprano or contralto; but there is some discussion among those interested as to the possibility of training boys to sing well. Dr. Richardson's chapter on the "choir" furnishes a number of invaluable hints for choir-masters on the training of the young choristers. There is not much literature on this subject, and we are glad to recommend this book, containing as it does the result of the long experience of one of England's best boy choir directors. IRELAND UNDER ENGLISH Dr. Emmet's two volumes * on the history of English misgovernment in Ireland make sad but interesting reading. They trace the course of Ireland's Saxon masters from Henry II. to the death of Victoria, and give in * Ireland under English Rule: a Plea for the Plaintiff. By Thomas Addis Emmet, M.D., eloquent summary the repeated coercions, the inhuman penal codes, the studied contempt, the heartless neglect, the commissions of wrong and the omissions of right, which stand charged against England, in her dealings with the religion and the liberty of the conquered Celt. Whether it is in the carnival of blood under Cromwell, or during Ireland's dark night of the soul in famine-time, or in the agitation for a Catholic university to-day, England's attitude has every appearance of consistent cruelty or studied contempt. It all makes a disastrous history; and small blame would it seem to be if a man of Irish birth or blood, reading and pondering such a history, would find it not in his heart to forget or to forgive. It is permitted us to hope that better days are dawning; days when England will be moved with shame, and with desire to cover over with good-will the oppression of many centuries, and when Ireland shall lift her prostrate figure from the dust and be beautiful in the eyes of all the world. Toward hastening such an hour both struggle and forbearance, both vigilance and fairness, are needful and necessary in the friends of Erin. We trust that in the inculcation of such dispositions Dr. Emmet's work will have its share. SOCIALISM. Mr. David Goldstein's book on Socialism is written from the stand-point of one who knows the socialist propaganda from within, and who prefers to treat the subject by detailed presentation of facts rather than by speculative discussion of theories. The author was actively enlisted with the Massachusetts Socialists until his convictions led him to see danger in the movementdanger which was manifested in a startling way in the Herron episode. With the outbreak of the scandal, he left the party and considered it his duty to publish this criticism of the principles which he abandoned. And a very severe criticism it is. He shows by documentary evidence that European Socialism has been eaten into by atheism, revolutionism, and brutal immorality. Not merely among the rank and file or in an insignificant and uninfluential section are these foul ideas professed, but they proceed from leading journals and international leaders. Even in America there have appeared indications of Socialism: The Nation of Fatherless Children. By David Goldstein. Edited by Martha painting and sculpture. The spiritual, as well as the æsthetic effects of these two branches of ecclesiastical art, are about the same, and hence the knowledge of their mutual relation is essential to any one who would be proficient in either branch. Hand-in-hand they have come down through the centuries; they have undergone the same processes of development, and have suffered, equally, the effects of the mediæval tendency to extravagant display and secularization; they have both felt, in the same degree, the sad results of the spiritual indifference and moral decline of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, as well as the good and far-reaching effects of the Catholic Reaction and Counter-Reformation; together they have shared the fluctuations of ever-changing popular taste. Professor Dickinson treats with a master's hand the intimate relation of these two members of the sisterhood of sacred arts. Dr. Richardson's book is of a somewhat different character. While it does give an admirable epitome of the history of ecclesiastical song, yet its chief purpose seems to be to give some practical hints to church musicians. The book is meant more particularly for the musicians and clergymen of the Anglican Church, but it contains very many valuable suggestions which recommend it for universal use. One of the points upon which His Holiness insisted, in his recent encyclical, was the use of boys when the music demands the acute voice of the soprano or contralto; but there is some discussion among those interested as to the possibility of training boys to sing well. Dr. Richardson's chapter on the "choir" furnishes a number of invaluable hints for choir-masters on the training of the young choristers. There is not much literature on this subject, and we are glad to recommend this book, containing as it does the result of the long experience of one of England's best boy-choir directors. IRELAND UNDER ENGLISH on Dr. Emmet's two volumes * masters from Henry II. to the death of Victoria, and give in *Ireland under English Rule: a Plea for the Plaintiff. By Thomas Addis Emmet, M.D., eloquent summary the repeated coercions, the inhuman penal codes, the studied contempt, the heartless neglect, the commissions of wrong and the omissions of right, which stand charged against England, in her dealings with the religion and the liberty of the conquered Celt. Whether it is in the carnival of blood under Cromwell, or during Ireland's dark night of the soul in famine-time, or in the agitation for a Catholic university to-day, England's attitude has every appearance of consistent cruelty or studied contempt. It all makes a disastrous history; and small blame would it seem to be if a man of Irish birth or blood, reading and pondering such a history, would find it not in his heart to forget or to forgive. It is permitted us to hope that better days are dawning; days when England will be moved with shame, and with desire to cover over with good-will the oppression of many centuries, and when Ireland shall lift her prostrate figure from the dust and be beautiful in the eyes of all the world. Toward hastening such an hour both struggle and forbearance, both vigilance and fairness, are needful and necessary in the friends of Erin. We trust that in the inculcation of such dispositions Dr. Emmet's work will have its share. SOCIALISM. stand-point of one who knows the socialist propaganda from within, and who prefers to treat the subject by detailed presentation of facts rather than by speculative discussion of theories. The author was actively enlisted with the Massachusetts Socialists until his convictions led him to see danger in the movement— danger which was manifested in a startling way in the Herron episode. With the outbreak of the scandal, he left the party and considered it his duty to publish this criticism of the principles which he abandoned. And a very severe criticism it is. He shows by documentary evidence that European Socialism has been eaten into by atheism, revolutionism, and brutal immorality. Not merely among the rank and file or in an insignificant and uninfluential section are these foul ideas professed, but they proceed from leading journals and international leaders. Even in America there have appeared indications of * Socialism: The Nation of Fatherless Children. By David Goldstein. Edited by Martha |