[Advertisement] WHERE WILL THE WORLD GET ITS SUGAR? H.. C. VANHOUTEN IN 1914, when Europe awoke to find herself in the maelstrom of the world wars, she stretched forth her hand in her first raid on the sugar barrel of the Western Hemisphere. This had never happened before. Thousands upon thousands of acres in Central Europe were devoted to the cultivation of sugar beets; these supplied forty per cent of the world's total sugar supply. Since it was the nearest supply, Central Europe had been the sugar-bowl of Great Britain and the Continent. But when war came, the sugar market turned, topsyturvy almost overnight. Shut off from the world's markets, the Central Powers immediately put the export of sugar under the ban, and began transforming the beet-sugar fields into foodstuff farms. Vast acreages of sugar beets in the path of onrushing armies were deserted, devastated. Great Britain, France, Russia, Holland, and Italy suddenly realized that they must get sugar elsewhere-and get it quickly. Then began the fight for the sugar of the world. With foresight, England bought right and left in the open market at all prices. She made levies on the supply of British India, Java, and Cuba; others of the Entente Allies followed suit. Prices vacillated for a while, then reached a high level and stayed there. Naturally enough, the big cane-growing countries strained every energy, not only to fill these unexpected orders, but to satisfy their regular markets. But, already producing bumper crops, they could do no more. The sugar grown in the Orient was needed at home; in Porto Rico and Hawaii four-fifths of the available lands were already devoted to cane-growing and the output could be increased but little. HOW CUBA TRIED-AND FAILED Cuba's effort was an admirable one-though futile. She planned for a crop that would exceed even last year's 3,000,000-ton harvest. But though the land was there and the market waiting, it could not be done-labor troubles began breaking out. As the Wall Street Journal of January 19 said: INTRODUCING MEXICO Working along in a conservative way for the past 25 years, the plantations of the United Sugar Companies in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, have been quietly taking advantage of the fact that Nature gave Sinaloa the same climatic and soil conditions, and better marketing facilities than Cuba. Sinaloa is opposite Lower California--removed from the Mexican Revolution by 300 miles of arid desert and untracked mountains. Revolutions may come and go in Mexico, but Sinaloa-far over ou the West Coast-ever remains undisturbed. Its operations have gone on uninterrupted during even the latest Mexican troubles, the most serious in years. The properties are all in the delta of the Fuerte River. At flood times this stream spreads over the land a rich silt which acts as fertilizer. But the plantations do not depend on the floods of the natural rainfall for irrigation; fifty miles of canals and irrigation ditches have been run from the river in an intercommunicating From Topolobampo, sugar is shipped to all parts of the world system which feeds the entire area with water. Twenty to production in the other cane lands-an opportunity which forty tons of cane an acre are produced. No "labor situation" clouds the horizon or jeopardizes profits at Sinaloa. Labor costs 50c. a day, and there are plenty of workers. The men are happy and prosperous, for the high cost of living has not crossed the Sierras. All these conditions combine to permit in Sinaloa the production of more sugar at less cost than anywhere else in the world. The Companies own in all 140,000 acres. Of these 8,000 are now growing sugar cane; 6,000 more are growing alfalfa, rice, winter vegetables, etc., which bring in a handsome profit. In the past five years the Companies have had an average annual production of 15,000,000 lbs. of sugar and 1,000 tons of alco hol, yielding a profit of about $500,000 an nually. The Com is a pany self-contained Cane is carried from the fields to the Companies' own refining mills industry, producing white cube and granulated sugar direct from its own cane and distributes to the trade through its own agencies, thereby securing all the profits from the grower to the consumer, and is therefore in a unique position to meet competition at all times. The Company receives about 7c. per pound for its product at its mills as compared with about 4c. a pound received by raw sugar companies. The plantations have direct rail connections for its shipments to all parts of the United States and Mexico via the Southern Pacific Railway. The landlocked harbor of Topolobampo gives facilities for exporting to all parts of the world by water. THE OPPORTUNITY OF AMERICAN CAPITAL To increase the output by greater development of the Companies' vast land holdings, and to realize a greater profit in proportion, a few shares of common stock are offered at a price sufficiently under par to yield an attractive return. When one views the unusual profits which have been made by sugar interests in Hawaii, Porto Rico and Cuba under far less favorable conditions, one realizes how real the opportunity is in Mexico. American capital has its opportunity NOW-just as it had its oppor.tunity in financing sugar gave and is still giving a harvest of golden dividends. The Companies is very conservatively capitalized with $1,000,000, 7% cumulative preferred stock and $5,000,000 common stock. The fixed charge ahead of the common stock, therefore, is only $70,000 per annum. After deducting this amount' nearly the entire earning power of the Companies is applicable to dividends on the common stock. This is a vital factor should the price of sugar have any definite decline. But, attractive as the present earnings of the Companies may be to investors, it is in future development that investors should find their greatest profit. The land holdings are of almost incalculable potential value. Its common stock represents In Sinaloa, sugar cane grows to unusual heights WEEKLY OUTLINE STUDY OF CURRENT HISTORY BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M. HOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R. I. Based on The Outlook of March 14, 1917 Each week an Outline. Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS. I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS A. Topic: Germany's Mexican Plot and the Crisis. Reference: Page 445, and Editorial, pages 451-453. Questions: 1. Herr Zimmermann says that he does not regard the German proposal as an "unfriendly act." What is his line of reasoning? Yours? 2. Has The Outlook presented sufficient evidence to justify its statement that "Germany has made war upon the United States"? What is your understanding of what constitutes war? How is it made? 3. The Outlook also says that "this is not the first sign of the hostility of the German Government toward America." When and where have there been other "signs of hostility"? Be sure in answering this question to look up the facts of our past with Germany in such incidents as the Venezuelan controversy, the Samoan controversy, the Hongkong incident of 1898, the Manila Bay incident, the Haitian customs affair (1914), and the attitude of German newspaper editors since about 1880. 4. Do or do you not think the only appeal Germany is capable of recognizing is the appeal to arms? 5. For what reasons would you advocate a declaration of war against Germany? If we should have war with Germany, what would we expect to accomplish from it? 6. What do you think of The Outlook's. proposal as to temporary reorganization of our Government? 7. Formulate what seems to you Germany's conception of the ideals possessed by other nations. 8. Compare Great Britain's attitude toward America with Germany's. 9. Discuss the question of the United States joining the Entente. What does The Outlook give as the real reason why America should join the Entente? 10. Does The Outlook advocate the destruction of Germany? Do you? Why or why not? 11. Does it seem to you that the American people have yet waked up to the gravity of the international crisis and the relation of the United States thereto? If not, who is to blame? Discuss. 12. What is your opinion of Germany's plot? B. Topic: Russia's Relation to the War. Reference: Pages 458, 459. Questions: upon 1. Why does The Outlook think there is more hope for constitutional government in Russia to-day than there is in Germany? What is your opinion? 2. What effect has this war had Russia's industrial organization? What is and will be the significance of this? 3. Are you of the opinion that this war is preparing Russia to become the enemy of all Europe? If not, why not? 4. Explain the meaning of constitutional government, constitutional freedom, and nationalism. What can be said of these matters in Russia? 5. One author has said that the future happiness of Europe and of the whole world depends upon what attitude the civilized nations take toward Russia during and after this war. Explain and tell what you think. II-NATIONAL AFFAIRS A. Topic: The Filibuster in the Senate. 1. Explain what is meant by filibustering. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of it? 2. What do you think of the Senate's unlimited debate rule? What changes or suggestions have you to offer? 3. What does the Constitution prescribe as to sessions and adjournments of Congress? 4. What is the status of all bills at the end of a Congress? 5. For what reasons do you think The Outlook says that the entire list of the Senators who would not permit the Senate to vote on the armed neutrality bill ought to be remembered? Do you consider them disloyal? 6. Why did not President Wilson go and arm American merchant ships without consulting Congress? Had he done so, would it have been better? 7. If we should arm them, would or would we not break our neutrality? MULTIPLEX The Great Interchangeable Type-Writing Machine Petite 1 for extra condensing Vertical Script - private letters. SPECIAL GOTHIC 1 CLEAN OUT B. Topic: The Sixty-fourth Congress. Reference: Pages 446, 447.. Questions: not 1. What were the chief questions before this Congress? 2. What did it do? What did it leave undone? 3. Do you or do you with The Outlook's opinion as to agree the mainly good" and "mainly bad' laws enacted by this Congress? 4. How long does it take to tell whether a law is "good" or "bad"? 5. Which of the unenacted bills would you substitute for the enacted ones? Why? 6. Why are not all of the bills of a given Congress passed? III-FOREIGN AFFAIRS Topic: Mexico's New Constitution. 1. What makes a constitution constitutional? 2. Have not the Mexicans the right to promulgate any constitution they wish? Discuss. 3. What right have foreigners to be in Mexico? What rights have they there? 4. What has Mexico's new Constitution to say about religious affairs? Control of properties? Treatment of foreigners? Education? Labor? 5. In what respects would the rights of foreigners be tampered with if the new Constitution is strictly lived up to? 6. In what respects may this Constitution give trouble to the United States? IV-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION (These propositions are suggested directly or indirectly by the subject-matter of The Outlook, but not discussed in it.) 1. It is impossible for a democracy to act quickly and intelligently. 2. There can be no enduring union of the nations until the nations are essentially of one political faith. V-VOCABULARY BUILDING (Define accurately the following words and expressions, all of which are found in The Outlook for March 14, 1917.) Intrigue, analogy, statute, armed neutrality, closure, political whips, public law, alliance, Entente, intellectuals, Constitution, retroactive, concessions, salient, Catholic. All Languages (above samples slightly reduced) ONE MACHINE WRITES ALL STYLES OF TYPE AND MANY LANGUAGES CHANGE IN A SECOND It will do all that other machines can do BUT IT STANDS ALONE in the special fields of writing endeavor. For instance : because of individuality of work, writing dainty, small type. Refined, aesthetic appearance. 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Pub. lisher's price, $1.85. My price, 90c. Eyes of the World. 89c. Famous Pictures. $6.00; $1.45. Encyclopedia of Quotations. $2.50. My price, 89c. What All Married People Should Know. $8.00; 78c. Buffalo Bill's Own Story of His Life and Deeds, $1.50-85c. Famous Orators. $2.50; 95c. Law Without Lawyers. Pub. price, $2.00. My price, 45c. Shakespearther, $2.65. 24 vols. 24mo. When a Man Comes to Himself-Woodrow Wilson. 50c. Jiu-Jitsu, or Art of Self-Defense. $1.25; 60c. Key to the Bible. $8.75; 98c. Library of Wit and Humor. Brann: The Iconoclast, 2 vols. Here are De Luxe Sets, Morocco bound, complete works, many of them at less than 26c on the dollar. Hugo, Kipling, Poe, Ellot, Dickens, Thackeray, Stevenson, and scores of others. Get My Big, New Catalogue My new catalog, sent free for the asking, tells you how to save 50 to 90 per cent on thousands of books. It is a course in literature, giving nationalities, date of birth and death of authors, the author's life and standing in literature, etc. Hundreds of sets and thousands of single volumes listed. I sell more books direct to the booklover- the individual reader the rich man who insists upon his dollar's worth-the man who watches his pennies-and sell them for less moneythan any other man in America. Every book new and fresh, and guaranteed to please you-you to be the judge. I do not quibble, and would rather have a book or set of books returned at my expense than to have a dissatisfied customer. DAVID B. CLARKSON, The Book Broker 315 Clarkson Building, Chicago, Illinois. YOU CAN HEAR! You see the wonderful improved Acousticon has now enabled 275,000 deaf people to hear. We are sure it will do the same for you; are so absolutely certain of it that we are eager to send you the 1917 Acousticon On FREE TRIAL NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENSE There is nothing you will have to do but ask for your free trial. No money to pay, no red tape, no reservations to this offer. Our confidence in the present Acousticon is so complete that we will gladly take all the risk in proving beyond any doubt that The Joy of Hearing Can Be Yours Again! The Acousticon has improvements and patented features which cannot be duplicated, so no matter what you have ever tried, just ask for a free trial of the New Acousticon. You'll get it promptly, and if it doesn't make you hear, return it and you will owe us nothing-not one cent. GENERAL ACOUSTIC CO. 1303 Candler Bldg., New York PARAFFIN TREATMENT OF BURNS So much interest has been aroused, especially among medical readers of The Outlook, over our controversy with Dr. George H. Simmons, editor of the "Journal of the American Medical Association," regarding the paraffin treatment of burns, discovered or invented by the French physician Dr. de Sandfort, that we publish here in full a letter just received from Mr. Albert Gray, C.B., K.C., the Chairman, in London, of the French Wounded Emergency Fund.-THE EDITORS. To the Editor of The Outlook: I have read your conclusive article of January 17 on the subject of Dr. de Sandfort's paraffin treatment of burn wounds, and I have no wish to flog either a dead horse or, after your castigation, the authorof the article in the "Journal of the American Medical Association." As, however, I, in my capacity of Chairman of the French Wounded Emergency Fund, to which Miss Edith May has rendered much admirable service, have taken some part in the propagation of Dr. de Sandfort's discovery, you will permit me to add a few words for the information of American opinion. In June last I visited the St. Nicolas Hospital in Paris and was so deeply impressed by the evidence of my own eyesevidence of relief from pain and evidence of perfect restoration of skin without scars that I immediately addressed a letter to the London "Times." Greatly to his credit, Sir A. May, the chief of the Medical Department of the Admiralty, at once sent over a fleet surgeon to Paris. His report was highly satisfactory, and a quantity of "Ambrine" was procured and subjected to analysis. It was first used at the British hospitals at Rouen, and with the same success as at Paris. The military authorities followed suit, and the treatment is now adopted by both departments of our war services as having conspicuous advantages when compared with the previous treatment by picric acid. The following is an extract from a War Office Departmental circular now before me: "Observations of Dr. de Sandfort's treatment and experiments with Ambrine carried out in a military hospital gave one the impression that the treatment was a valuable one. Burns healed with rapidity. Constitutional symptoms rapidly abated. Pain was reduced to a minimum. Scarring appeared to be obviated, or, at any rate, was not apparent. The need for grafting large burns appeared to be avoided. The burns healed so rapidly with healthy granulations that there appeared to be nothing to be gained by grafting. The patients were singularly free from sepsis. The conclusion arrived at from experimenting with the Ambrine treatment was that mild burns healed with singular rapidity, and severe cases recovered which would have been unlikely to recover by the ordinary methods of treatment. Observers who had had large experience of burns treated by picric acid, ointments, and other methods in ordinary use were unanimously of opinion that the paraffin method was superior to the older method. The experience of those who had witnessed the results of burns after liquid fire attacks was that Ambrine treatment would save many lives and accelerate the recovery of all burns." According to the circular, further experiment produced a preparation of paraffin |