9. Mutatæ toga, at seventeen years of age the prætexta, the boyish gown, was changed for the toga virilis, the manly gown.

10. Cressâ notâ, a chalk, or white mark, by which lucky days were distinguished. Unlucky days were marked with black, carbone, with coal.

12. Saliûm. The Salians were priests of Mars, who sung and danced in their religious processions. 14. Amystide, a large bumper poured at once into the throat.

ODE XXXVII.

4. Erat, by Enallage for est.

5. This Verse exhibits an irregularity of Cesura, of which only two other instances occur in the two first verses of the Alcaic stanza of Horace, v. 14 of this Ode, and v. 17 of 1. Iv. Ode 14.

7. Regina, Cleopatra.

10. Impotens, so weak as.

13. Sospes ab ignibus, rescued from the flames. Very few ships were saved of the division of the Egyptian fleet that was engaged.

14. Lymphatam, intoxicated to madness.

17. Adurgens, pursuing her.

21. Quæ, by Synesis, agrees, not in construction with monstrum, but in sense with Cleopatra.

25. Jacentem regiam, her desolated palace of Alexandria.

33. Mulier non humilis, this magnanimous woman, invidens deduci, disdaining to be carried, privata, deprived of her power, Liburnis, in the Liburnian ships of Augustus.

ODE XXXVIII.

6. Curo, I desire, ut sedulus nibil allabores, that you take no pains in adding any thing.

LIBER II.

ODE I.

1. Ex Metello Consule, from the consulate of Metellus 3. Graves Principum amicitias, the fatal confederacy of the chiefs, Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus, who formed the first Triumvirate.

6. Opus, the history of the civil war.-periculosæ aleæ, of danger and hazard, a metaphor taken from dice. 12. Cecropio cothurno, in the Athenian tragic style. Cecropio, because Sophocles was the inventor of the buskin, worn by tragic actors, and because he, Eschylus and Euripides carried Tragedy to the highest degree of perfection.

14. Consulenti curiæ, to the deliberations of the senate. 22. Non indecoro pulvere sordidos, covered with glorious dust.

23. Cuncta loca.

24. Atrocem, inflexible.

27. Victorum nepotes retulit inferias Jugurthæ, offered the descendants of the victorious Romans, in their civil wars, as sacrifices to the manes of Jugurtha, and of other African chiefs defeated by the Romans. The first syllable in retulit is always long; Horace therefore could not write, Inferias retulit.

34. Daunia, Italian; by Synecdoche, Daunian Apulia for the whole country.

37. Ne retractes, do not resume-Ceæ munera Næniæ, the plaintive strains of the Cean Simonides. Nænia is an elegiac funeral song.

39. Dionæo, dedicated to Venus, daughter of Dione.

2. Lamnæ, metal.

ODE II.

6. Animi, is used elliptically, causá, ergo, or ratione being understood, after several adjectives and participles, as æger, anxius, certus, falsus, præceps, victus, &c. This genitive is in Greek governed by K. 7. Aget, will bear-metuente solvi, i. e. quæ nunquam solvitur, indissoluble, indefatigable.

11. Uterque Pœnus, Carthage in Africa, and in Spain. 20. Dedocet uti, teaches to disuse.

23. Acervos auri.-oculo irretorto, without a longing look.

ODE III.

8. Interiore notâ, with the best wine; with the oldest wine, which was placed in the innermost part of the cellar, marked with its date and growth. 11. Obliquo laborat lympha fugax trepidare rivo, the purling stream hastens its course in a meandering channel.

15. Res, circumstances.—Sororum, the fates.

Clotho

held the distaff, Lachesis drew out, and Atropos cut the thread, of life.

23. Sub dio, under Jupiter, in the open air. 25. Omnium versatur urnâ, seriùs ocyùs sors exitura, the lot of all is in motion in the urn, and will come out sooner or later. The names of all mankind were supposed to be written on billets, and thrown into an urn, which was in perpetual motion. All died in the order in which their names were drawn out. 28. Cymbæ, of the bark of Charon,

ODE IV.

2. Insolentem, haughty.

6. Tecmessæ is pronounced Te-cmessæ, with the first syllable short. So A-tlas, cy-cnus, &c.

8. Virgine, Cassandra.

10. Thessalo, Achille.-Ademtus Hector tradidit leviora tolli Pergama, the death of Hector rendered Troy more easy to be taken.

15. Penates mœret iniquos, she laments the misfortunes of her family.

22. Integer, free from passion.

23. Octavum lustrum. A lustre consisted of five years. Horace was then in his fortieth year.

4. Estuat, boils, rages.

ODE V.

10. Pellitis ovibus, to the sheep covered with skins, to preserve their delicate fleece from the weather. 14. The last syllable of ridet is lengthened by the cesura, or by the arsis.

15. Decedunt, yields.

22. Calentem, still warm from the funeral pile.

ODE VI.

1. Tempus in ultimum deducte, exposed to the greatest dangers.

2. Brutus, who, with Cassius, fought against Cæsar Octavianus and Antony. Horace served some time under him.

3. Quiritem, a Roman, to Rome.

8. Malobathro, a fragrant unguent. 9. Philippos, the battle of Philippi.

10. Relictâ. Horace fled, and ingloriously abandoned his shield.

13. Mercury was the protector of men of letters. 16. Unda. Having escaped from the battle of Philippi, Horace made his peace with Augustus; but Pompeius Varus, after a shipwreck, returned to Sicily, where he joined Sextus Pompeius.

17. Obligatam dapem, the promised sacrifice. 21. Oblivioso, banishing the remembrance of distress.

26. Non saniùs Edonis, not with more moderation than the Thracians.

ODE VII.

1. Juris pejerati, for your violated faith.

3. Dente. It was believed that a falsehood was attended by some visible punishment on the body. 18. Servitus nova, a new band of slaves, of lovers.— Priores servi.

21. Juvencis, sons.

23. Retardet maritos, alienate the affection of their husbands.

ODE VIII.

4. Usque, always, still.

11. Amores, your affectionate sorrows.

13. Ter ævo functus, Nestor, who lived three ages, three generations, of thirty years each.

16. Sorores, Cassandra, Creusa, Laodice, et Polyxena. 17. Desine mollium querelarum, a Grecism, as λîye ἔριδος, i. e. ἐξ.

21. Medum flumen, Euphratem.

22. Minores volvere vortices. A beautiful Prosopopœia, which represents the pride of the river subdued by the victories of Augustus.

ODE IX.

5. Auream mediocritatem, the golden mean. 7. Invidendâ, the object of envy.

19. Arcum tendit. Apollo is represented as shooting from his bow famine, pestilence, and other calami ties of life. Thus in the first book of the Iliad he is said to send by his arrows the plague into the Grecian camp. The meaning of this figure is, that the excessive heat of the sun produces drought and diseases.

21. Animosus atque fortis, spirited and brave.