SATIR E.

LIBER I.

SAT. I.

1. Nemo is put for homo non. Qui fit ut homo non contentus vivat illâ sorte, quam sortem ratio sibi dederit, prudence has chosen for him, seu fors objecerit, or chance has thrown in his way; sed laudet diversa studia sequentes, those who follow different pursuits.

4. Annis is the common reading; but soldiers were discharged from the service at 47 years of age. And the different characters mentioned by the Poet refuse the offer of Jupiter, and continue their occupations, that they may obtain, v. 31, a retirement and a competence for their old age.

7. Concurritur, the engagement begins.

11. Datis vadibus, having given bail, entered into a recognizance.

14. Fabium, a great talker, who, like many characters satirised by Horace, is neither known, nor deserving to be known, in history.

18. Partibus, your characters in life.

19. Licet illis.

21. Buccas inflet, swell his cheeks with indignation. 36. Aquarius. The sun enters that sign in January, when the year is inverted.

37. Illis is here redundant.

45. Millia modiorum, of bushels. 46. Hoc, on that account.

50. Viventi is an unusual construction with refert, which demands a genitive. Plautus has refert ei,

and Pliny animo refert. Some late editions have adopted the regular form, viventis, but without any Ms. authority.

53. Cumeris, baskets.

63. Illi, homini, uni ex boná parte hominum.-esse, to

remain.

74. Sextarius was the sixth part of a congius, and contained twelve glasses, cyathi.

86. Post omnia ponas. Tmesis for postponus omnia. 88. At si velis retinere servareque amicos nullo labore, cognatos quos natura tibi dat.

94. Parto eo, quod avebas, having obtained what you desired.

96. Metiretur, measured by the bushel.

100. Fortissima Tyndaridarum, more brave than the daughters of Tyndarus, Helen and Clytemnestra, who killed their husbands, Deiphobus and Agamemnon, with a hatchet.

101. Nævius, avarus. 102. Nomentanus, nebulo. 104. Vappam, careless, spendthrift, a metaphor taken from vapid wine, mentioned L. ii. Sat. 3. v. 144. 105. Est quiddam, there is some difference.

108. Nemone ut avarus se probét, does no one think himself happy, any more than the miser.

114. Ungula, Synecdoche for equus.-carceribus emissos, started from the post.

120. Crispinus was a poet, and a great scribbler.

SAT. II.

1. Ambubaiarum, female flute-players, minstrels.— pharmacopolæ, perfumers.

2. Mendici. The priests of Cybele and Isis, fortunetellers and sharpers, were beggars by profession.mimæ, strollers.-balatrones, dancers, buffoons. 8. Stringat, scrapes off, metaphorically, as leaves from branches, consumes.

13. Dives. This line recurs in the Art of Poetry, v. 421.

14. Quinas. For the principal, caput, the usual interest, merces, was one per Cent. for a month, or twelve per Cent. for the year. But Fufidius demanded five times the common interest, quinas mercedes, or five per Cent. for a month. He was not satisfied with sixty per Cent. for a year; exsecabat, he cut off, he discounted the sum, and kept back the interest; thus paying in reality only forty for the hundred pieces of money lent for the year. Hence in twenty months he doubled his capital.

15. Quanto perditior, the more distressed. 16. Nomina, metaphorically the debts, because the borrowers wrote their names in a book, as an acknowledgment of the debt. This usurer lent money to young men under age, which was forbidden by the law, and therefore demanded an exorbitant interest, in proportion to the chance of recovering the debt.-The vestis virilis was usually put on at the age of seventeen.

20. Pater, Menedemus, in Terence's Heautontimoreu

menos.

25. Pastillos, perfumed paste.

3. Sardus, of Sardinia.

SAT. III.

6. Ab ovo ad mala, metaphorically from the beginning to the end. Eggs were served first, and fruit last, at dinner.

7. Io Bacche. The beginning, or the chorus, ofa song 8. Summâ voce, the buse.-ima, the treble.

10. Qui ferret, in a solemn religious procession. 13. Tripes. Three-legged tables were used by the common people.

15. Decies centena sestertia, ten times a hundred thousand sesterces, 83331. 8s.

25. Cùm-when you shut your eyes on your own imperfections.

27. Serpens Epidaurius. The serpent, dpákwv, derives

its name from its clear sight, dépкw, 2d aor. ědpakov. It was consecrated to Esculapius, who had a temple at Epidaurus.

29. Iracundior. This is usually understood to be a description of the character of Virgil.—acutis naribus, raillery.

38. Illuc prævertamur, let us shortly turn to this observation.

44. Strabonem, a child who has distorted eyes. 45. Pætuin, leering.

47. Sisyphus, a dwarf of Mark Antony, two feet high. Varus and Scaurus were the names of noble families of Rome, originally given on account of a bodily defect. Hence the father, to cover the deformity of his child, assimilates him to those high characters.

58. Tardo, slow and considerate.-pingui, stupid. 59. Obdit, covers, guards.

65. Impellat quovis sermone, interrupt with trifling conversation.

71. Compenset-inclinet-trutinâ, allegorical expressions from weighing in a balance, and turning the scale in favor of a friend.

77. Quatenus, since, vitium iræ nequit penitus excidi. 81. Ligurrierit, should happen to taste.

82. Labeo was mad enough to contradict and oppose Augustus.

85. Concedas, overlook, forgive.

87. Calendæ, the first day of the month, the day of pay

ment.

88. Merces, the interest; nummi, the principal.—unde unde, by some means.

89. Historias. Rufo forced his debtors to listen to the tedious histories which he had written. 91. Evandri manibus tritum, curious for its antiquity, used, worn by the hands of Evander, king of ancient Latium. Some understand a dish made by Evander, a celebrated artist in sculpture; but tritum does not so naturally signify made, wrought. Fide, for fidei.

96. Ferè and prope, v. 98, are not here used to qualify, but to affirm, the proposition: they have the force of semper.

110. Viribus editior, one who was superior in strength. 114. Diversis, from what is opposite, from bad.

115. Nec vincet ratio, nor will reason ever convince us. From sacra legere is formed sacrilegus.

120. Ut for ne.

122. Magnis, with great crimes. 126. Quod habes. The Stoics thought that a wise man was greater than a king.

133. Rex, a king, although he has no kingdom. 137. Longum sermonem.-quadrante, the common people bathed for a farthing in baths built for their

use.

SAT. IV.

2. Atque alii viri, quorum virorum-prisca. There were three kinds of comedy: the old, in which real characters were represented with their real names; the middle, in which real characters were represented under fictitious names; and the new, in which both the subjects and the names were fictitious.

7. Mutatis. The comic poets wrote in Iambic verse; Lucilius chose Hexameters for his Satires.

8. Emunctæ naris, of keen and delicate raillery.
10. Stans pede in uno, in a very short time.
11. Tollere, take out, erase.

13. Nil moror, I consider that as nothing.

14. Minimo, laying a large wager against the small

est sum.

19. Hircinis follibus, leather bellows, made of goat's skin.

22. Capsis, his writings.--imagine, his picture.-delatis, placed in the library, which Augustus had collected in the temple of Apollo on Mount Palatine; an honor, which was paid to the best writers.-ultro, without his solicitation.

23. Timentis agrees with mei, deducible from mea.