efficacy of the work of Christ.

Fairbairn showed how Christ organized his own society, and started it on its course of overturning and conquering the regnant and militant selfishness of the world. One fact is already very evident. While the English speakers refuse to dog matize on many subjects, while they are extremely hospitable to all the newer scientific and critical thinking, the younger men among them, at least, place a much stronger emphasis on the expiatory work of Christ than is common in scholarly circles in this country or has yet appeared

in the utterances of the older men from the other side. Perhaps it should be said. that when these younger Englishmen define their terms, as they do in conversation, it is discovered that some words, at least, mean one thing in England and another in America.

A New High Church Magazine
The first number of " Church Defense

appeared last week. This is a monthly
magazine devoted to the interests of the
High Church party of the American Epis-
copal Church. Judging from the editorial
comment, the paper might better have been
entitled 66
Church Attack." The editor
declares, first of all, that the Gospel's mes-
sage of peace is not to those who teach
what the American bishops, in their Pas-
toral Letter of 1894, describe as "certain
novelties of opinion and expression, which
have seemed to us subversive of the funda-
mental verities of Christ's religion." Then
the editor strikes right out from the shoul-
der. He proclaims that-" There can be
no peace between faith and unbelief, and
when the arch-enemy of souls comes,
stalking in surplice and stole, the call to
battle against error becomes more impera-
tive. . . . Unbelief boldly demands ad-
mission to the priesthood, and a bishop
has been found to lay hands upon an
avowed disciple of error, an impugner of
God's Holy Word. This sacrilege was
not committed thoughtlessly or unad-
visedly, but in the face of serious and
earnest protests." This is expected to
trouble Dr. Briggs and Bishop Potter.
The latter also comes in for treatment at
the hands of the writer of an article enti-
tled "The Crisis in a Great Man's Life."
This writer believes that at the coming
Diocesan Convention the Bishop of New

Broad Churchmen

further flogging, as witness: "The Church Nor does Dr. Briggs escape without has one Bible, Dr. Briggs another, which is a mere collection of extracts from the

Holy Scripture. . . . As professor in the Union Theological Seminary, he is supposed to be under obligations to teach of the Church, he is bound to teach the the Westminster Confession; as a priest

Catholic faith, as this Church hath received the same. . . . As a clergyman of the Church which believes the Bible to be the Word of God, he is going to teach at the Pro-Cathedral a people, a large part of whom are Jews, not to believe the Old Testament." "Church Defense" not only attacks Bishop Potter and Dr. Briggs; it also scorns all Broad Churchmen. It "The Broad Churchman is genersays:

This is of great service to him, because it enables him to teach ally subtle. heresy without being called to account for it. The very words by which he leads the faithful astray are put together with such subtlety that he could explain them. away before any ecclesiastical court. This cleverness of the Evil One has saved many a Broad Churchman from discipline.' Despite this, we think that most Broad Churchmen, not to say the Church, will

survive the attack.

The Athanasian Creed

It has long been a mystery to American Episcopalians, to many English Anglicans, and to all Christians in other communions, how the Church of England reconciles her own teachings with the further inclusion of the Athanasian Creed in her Prayer-Book. It is, therefore, with sincere satisfaction that we welcome a criticism of the Athanasian Creed in the innermost stronghold of Anglicanism itself. Preaching in the pulpit of Westminster Abbey recently, Professor Ryle did not hesitate to say, concerning this particular creed, that very many of the clergy are not in favor of its public recitation, despite the Prayer-Book's rubric. He justly declared that a creed containing an anathema is an anachronism unsuited for Chris

tian use, for it breathes a spirit both alien to the spirit of the Anglican liturgy and foreign to the Christian thought of our time. Furthermore, it represents one of the obstacles which make intellectually and spiritually self-respecting men disinclined to offer themselves for Holy Orders in the English Church.

The English Ritualists Regarding the recent decision of the Archbishop of Canterbury, in which he asks clergymen to discontinue the use of incense and lights, the Church Union, the organization of English ritualists, is in clined to show fight. Though there are about fourteen thousand parishes in England and Wales, less than three hundred are affected by this decision, but the three hundred are so prominent just now that one might think the proportion larger. The Secretary of the Union, the Rev. Dr. W. F. Cobb, Curate-in-Charge of Saint Ethelburgha's, Bishopsgate, London, is doing more than merely to protest against the Archbishop's decision. He is actually doing valiant and valuable service for Disestablishment. While Dr. Cobb is far from personally favoring Disestablishment, he has come to advocate it because, as a conscientious Ritualist, he sees that the Church will never have freedom until it is emancipated from the State. He therefore asks for self-government for the Church as the only way to liberty of conscience. He does not hesitate to tell the Archbishop of Canterbury that the latter's recent judgment rests on civil enactments: if the Church were disestablished, those enactments would be without authority. Even if Disestablishment injures many, adds Dr. Cobb, in the end it will make effectively for peace. Disestablishment was also the word used as warning in a speech which the Earl of Selborne has just delivered. The speech is of particular importance because Lord Selborne is the son-in-law of the Marquis of Salisbury, the Prime Minister, and thus is supposed by many to reflect that statesman's views. The Earl solemnly warned Churchmen that, unless they stand together in this crisis, they may see both disestablishment and disendowment given the first place in the Liberal programme at the next general election, thus making a strong appeal to the instinct of prudence.

A New Saint

The name of René Robert de la Salle, the explorer of Canada, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi Valley, is a familiar one; that of Jean Baptiste de la Salle, the founder of the community of Brothers of Christian Schools, is not so familiar. In favor of the latter's canonization, the Congregation of Rites at Rome issued a decree some time since. This decree has now been affirmed by Leo XIII., who eleven years ago had solemnly "blessed" Jean Baptiste de la Salle. The work of the great Frenchman has never been properly appreciated, and if by canonization the Pope can call attention to it, both the Church and our knowledge of the history of education will benefit thereby. The Abbé de la Salle was of noble lineage. He received the tonsure when only twelve years old; at sixteen he was a canon of Rheims Cathedral, and later studied at the celebrated Seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Paris. His spiritual adviser, Père Roland, had already founded a sisterhood for the education of poor girls. Thinking that he had not long to live, Père Roland charged the young priest with the care of the rapidly developing institution. The young man, however, had scarcely assumed the management when an appeal came to him to open a school for poor boys. Finally he resolved to give up his canonry and to devote his entire life to the education of the poor. He sold his possessions and gave the proceeds to the needy. He traveled over France and established schools everywhere. In these schools teaching was free to all day pupils; money was received only from boarders. He drew up rules for his brotherhood of lay teachers. These took a vow to devote their lives to teaching, in addition to the usual monastic vow of poverty, chastity, and obedience. The brothers worked always in pairs. Their order is one of the most prosperous of all; it now numbers over two thousand schools and three hundred thousand pupils. The methods of education of the founder of this order would have done credit to our own day. He was one of the pioneers of normal schools; he insisted upon the value of object-lessons; he was the real organizer of primary education. The basis of his teaching was, of course, religious, namely, the catechism; after that, however, came,

As other Churches have their young people's societies-the Christian Endeavor, the Epworth League, the Brother hood of St. Andrew, etc.-so the Lutheran Church has its young people's society, and its name is The Luther League. Eleven years ago, when the Lutheran Church was divided by doctrinal points into four general bodies representing sixty synods, some one had the clever notion of organizing a league to unite the Church, a plan at first receiving considerable adverse criticism, but now numbering among its constant supporters those who at first were opponents. It has an estimated membership at present of about seventy thousand. Its duty is no longer to unite a divided Church-the Church is now united. Its present duty is to develop a spirit of assertion in Lutheran church work, and in this it is doing yeoman's service.

The Lutheran Church has long contended with the tendency of young people to leave the Church after confirmation. Among Lutherans this has been apparently a more serious drain than in other denominations, as they say, not only have they lost their proportion of those who forsake the Church entirely, but also a far larger number of those who do not understand the foreign languages which, as well as English, are used in most of the churches. These languages are German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Slavonian, and Livonian.

Muscular Christianity in Rome In old Rome athletic and gymnastic games were a prominent feature in the life of the young Quirites. After the Middle Ages, however, with their monastic notions, the physical element gradually faded from the minds of educators and people. To-day, Roman Protestant Christianity, in an effort to promote an education which shall build up the whole man, has gratifyingly returned to the earlier and saner

ideals. An "Associazione Cristiana della Gioventù" (a Young Men's Christian Association) was established in Rome in 1894. It now counts a membership of nearly two hundred. Strange to say, the majority belong, nominally, at least, to the Church of Rome. They find in the Association what they have long been vainly searching for: they now have the means of cultivating, not only mind and soul, but body as well. In this respect the work

of the Associazione Cristiana della Gioof its increasing prominence, we may ventù is unique in Italy. As examples mention that, during the past two years, in the various swimming contests in the Tiber, the Association has always been National Contest, where all the best gymahead. Again, last year at Turin, at the nastic clubs of Italy were represented, the delegation from the Roman Young Men's Christian Association took the best prizes, including the Italian athletic championship. King Humbert, who was present, asked to have the delegation presented to leader, congratulated him upon the honors him, and, after shaking hands with the obtained and wished a prosperous life to the Association in all its departments. And in May last, at the Provincial Athletic Contest, held at Rome, the King and Queen were present, and cheered with special heartiness when the gymnasts of the Roman Young Men's Christian Association won five of the championships and more than half the prizes. Our readers visiting Rome will receive a cordial welcome at the Association building, 64 Via Consulta.

The Sabbath in New Jersey

The stringency with which the New York State Penal Code, sustained by defrom being made a sporting " day has cisions of the courts, prevents Sunday driven many to avail themselves of the comparative leniency of New Jersey laws. Bicycle races on Sunday at Paterson are announced, and a New York baseball club is said to have leased a field for Sunday games on the Jersey side of the North River. These things will no doubt receive the attention they invite from the New Jersey Sabbath Association. It could not do better than to pattern after the vigilant efficiency of the New York Association.