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219 Untempering. Either (1) 'that fails to temper' in the sense of soften; i.e. though my face is not one to soften your heart'; or (2)='distempering'; i.e. though my face is so disagreeable. The following sentences seem to support this. The word does not occur again.

238 Break thy mind.

So we talk of 'breaking the news.' 261 Nice. Punctilious,' 'over-refined.' Cf. 94,

too nicely urged." See Glossary.

263 List; i.e. 'barriers.'

"Articles

328 Praeclarissimus. This is taken straight out of Holinshed, who, of course, ought to have written Praecarissimus.

330 Nor I have not. Double negative. Cf. i. I. 35, note.

340 Neighbourhood.

'Neighbourliness.'

EPILOGUE.

2 Bending. Either bending under the weight of his subject'; or, like the Prologue, Hamlet, iii. 159—

"For us and for our tragedy

Here stooping to your clemency,
We beg your hearing patiently."

And 2 Henry IV., Epilogue, "First my fear; then my courtesy." 13 Which oft. Referring to the Henry VI. plays, which were written and acted earlier.

GLOSSARY

A

Abut (i. Prol. 21). 'Project towards;' usually implying actual contact. Connected with butt-end and Fr. bout.

Absolute (iii. 7. 24). Faultless.'

Accomplish (iv. Prol. 12). 'Complete the equipment of.' Accomplishment (i. Prol. 30) of many years. Either completion='many complete years;' or (2) achievements of many years.'

Achievement (iii. 5. 60). Either (1) 'great exploits; or (2) 'succeeding; or (3) end.' Der. Fr. achever, 'finish'=à chief [venir]= ad caput [venire].

Addrest (iii. 3. 58). 'Ready.'

Admiration (ii. 2. 108). 'Astonishment'; see note.

Adoration (iv. 1. 237). 'Adorableness,' not 'the act of adoring.'

Advice (iii. 2. 143). 'Consideration,' ‘reflection.'

Advised. To advise is (1) 'to inform'; (2) hence 'to give advice,' as with us; hence (3) reflexive, to give oneself advice == 'to deliberate.' So from (1) we have advised (i. 2. 252) ='informed,' 'aware, and from (3) (i. 2. 179) = 'having deliberated,' 'cautious.'

Affiance (ii. 2. 127).

After (v. Prol. 45).

see note.

'Confidence.'

'In accordance with,' 'in imitation of';

Ancient (passim). Ensign,' 'standard-bearer.' Corrupted from O.F. enseigne, 'flag.'

Antic (iii. 2. 31). 'Buffoon,' der. antique, 'old-fashioned,' 'absurd.'

Apprehension (iii. 7. 117). Understanding.'

Approbation (i. 2. 19). 'Proof,' 'ratification'; not 'approval,'

as now.

Arrant (passim). Thorough-paced,' a form of errant, i.q. 'wandering.' As with 'vagrant' and 'vagabond' it became chiefly connected with evildoers; and so, losing its proper sense, came to be used merely as an intensive to abusive terms.

Astonish (v. I. 36). The earlier meaning of this word is literally to 'stun' physically (so perhaps here); hence to 'amaze' (so probably here). See note. Der. A. S. ástunian (whence also stun,' astound,' 'astony'), but confused with O.F. estonner from Low Lat. ex-tonare, 'thunder.' (SKEAT.)

Avaunt (iii. 2. 21). 'Away!' always expressing either horror or contempt, but here perhaps with more of its original sense of 'forwards. Fr. avant.

Awkward (ii. 4. 83). Perverse,' the original sense being 'back-handed,' 'cross-wise' (der. M.E. awk, 'contrary,' formed like on-ward, back-ward), gave rise to the Elizabethan use, as here, and the modern use= clumsy.'

Barbason (ii. 1. 52).

B

'The name of a fiend.'

Basilisk (v. ii. 17). 'A serpent,' so called from a spot on its head like a crown (der. Gk. Bariλσкòs, 'royal'), supposed to kill its victims by merely looking at them. Hence (2) from its deadly properties, 'a very large kind of cannon.' There is a play on the double sense in this passage.

Bate (iii. 7. 92). (1) 'Abate;' (2) 'flutter the wings'; the term used of the first action of the hunting-falcon when unhooded. Here too there is a play on the double sense of the word.

Battle (iv. Prol. 9). 'Army,' 'array.'

Bawcock (iii. 2. 225, &c.). 'Fine fellow.' Beau coq.

Beaver (iv. 2. 44). Properly the lower part of the helmet, but often confused with the vizor. See note. Der. Fr. bavière, 'bib;' haver, 'slobber.'

Bent (v. 2. 16). 'Direction' of the glance.

Beshrew. See Shrewdly.

Blown (iii. 6. 150, &c.). 'Swollen,' like a bladder.
Bolted (ii. 2. 137). 'Sifted,' like fine flour; i.e. 'purified.'
Boot (i. 2. 194)='booty.' To make boot=' gather booty.'
Bootless (iii. 3. 24). 'Vainly,' 'without boot'; i.q. 'profit.'

Bravely (iv. 3. 69). Finely.' So as often as 'courageously.' Cf. the similar double sense of gallant.

Broached (v. Prol. 32). 'Spitted.'

Broth (iii. 5. 19).

'beer.' Brew, broth,

Barley broth is used contemptuously for brose, brewis are all connected.

Bully (iv. 1. 48). A slang term of praise in Shakspeare. The modern sense is not found till the middle of the seventeenth century. For the transition, cf. bravo, passing from brave soldier to ruffian.

Buxom (iii. 6. 25). 'Lively,' 'brisk.' (1) Originally 'yielding, 'pliant'; hence (2) 'good-humoured'; hence (3) 'pleasant' or 'lively,' as here; and (4) 'plump,' from the association of plumpness and good humour.

Bulwark. 'Breastwork,' 'palisade,' 'barrier.' parently bole work='work of tree-trunks.'

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Der. ap

Cask='barrel,' is a

Coals (iii. 2. 45). Carry coals='submit to anything,' the office being accounted peculiary degrading.

Chambers (iii. Prol. 33). 'Ordnance.'

Chattels (ii. 3. 47). 'Property.' In the form cattle, the word passed through restriction, first to live stock generally, and then to the modern sense. Der. Lat. capitalia.

Chide (ii. 4. 125). 'Clamour.'

=

Christom (ii. 3. 11). Intended for chrisom, but confused with christen. Chrisom chrism (the o representing the indefinite vowel sound often introduced between consonants, as in thorough' through,' fillip='flip,' &c.)=xpîoμa, 'ointment,' properly that used at baptism. From this comes chrism-cloth= christening-robe,' and chrisom-child='a child which was still in its chrism-cloth when it died,' but sometimes used erroneously for a child which died before baptism.

Close (ii. 3. 60). Probably 'frugal'; possibly 'indoors.'
Companies (i. 1. 55).

Companions.'

Complement (ii. 2. 134). Lit. 'filling up,' 'completion.' Lat. complere. So either (1) 'outward form,' which is the complement of conduct and character; or simply (2) 'fulfilment' or 'correspondence.' But the sense of the passage is the same in either case.

Condition (v. 1. 73). Congree (i. 2. 182). Congreet (v. 2. 31). Consent (i. 2. 81; Lat. con, sentire, 'feel.' from cantare, 'sing.'

Temper,' 'temperament.' 'Agree.' Fr. gré, Lat. gratum. 'Come together and greet.' A.S. grétan. ii. 2. 22). 'Agreement,' 'harmony.' Some prefer to write concent, deriving

Consideration (i. 1. 28). 'Reflection,' 'care.' See note.

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Currance (i. 1. 34). Curtle-axe (iv. 2. 21). 'Sword,' 'cutlas.' O.Fr. coutelas, Ital. coltell-accio (the accio being merely an augmentative suffix), Lat. cultellus, dim. of culter, whence also cutler and cuttle= 'knife.' The form is merely a corruption from coutelas, and the weapon has nothing to do with an axe.

'Course,' 'current.' Lat. curro.

D

=

Dare (iv. 2. 36). 'Frighten.' A technical term from falconry, birds being sometimes so panic-stricken when they saw the falcon hovering that they would remain still, and allow themselves to be taken in the hand.

Dauphin (passim). The eldest son of the king of France bore this title from the province of Dauphiné (which was sold to the king of France during the fourteenth century). So named because many of its previous lords had borne the cognizance, and hence the name of Dauphin, i.q. 'dolphin.'

Dear (ii. 2. 181). 'Grievous.' Apparently extended from the ordinary sense to anything that 'touches us deeply.'.

Defunction (i. 2. 58). 'Death.' Cf. defunct.

Defused (v. 2. 61). 'Disordered.' So spelt in Folio in this sense in two other passages. Most editors change to diffused, which could hardly bear this meaning. Lat. defusus, ‘melted down.'

Deracinate (v. 2. 47). 'Root out.' Lat. radix, through Fr. racine.

Disciplines (iii. 2. 57, &c.) 'Science,' 'scientific knowledge,' or 'theory.' So used by Fluellen, almost = Lat. disciplina; but (iii. 6. 55) 'strict enforcement of rules,' as now.

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