284. datur: the last syllable is long here. Cf. II, 369. operum Minervae : the use of the needle, distaff, and loom.

285. genus: Greek accusative.

286-361. Description of the foot race.

Aeneas chooses a meadow, encir

cled by wooded hills, as a circus or stadium. He invites all who wish to make trial of their speed in a foot race to present themselves. The most prominent competitors are Nisus, Euryalus, Diores, Salius, Patron, Helymus, and Panopes. Nisus takes the lead, Salius is next, and third Euryalus, followed by Helymus and Diores. Near. the goal Nisus falls down, but gives the victory to his friend Euryalus by tripping up Salius. Helymus takes the second prize, and Diores the third.

287, 288. quem - silvae: 'which woods surrounded on curving hills on every side'; i.e. which wood-covered hills encircled. collibus: ablative of place with terrae.

288. mediaque erat: 'in the midst of a valley was the circle of a theater.' 290. Consessu: dative for in consessum.

291. qui: the antecedent is eorum (limiting animos) understood.

296. Nisus pueri: 'Nisus distinguished by his affectionate love for the the boy (Euryalus).'

299. ab: see note on I, 730.

300. Helymus: was a friend of Acest es, mentioned above, 1. 73.

307. caelatam: 'mounted with silver'; probably having a wooden handle embossed, or inlaid, with figures in silver. ferre: = ferendam. Cf. II. 248, 262. 308. praemia: 'prizes'; to be distinguished here from honos, the present which was to be common to all.

310. phaleris insignem: 'adorned with trappings.' These were straps of leather mounted with metallic ornaments, and fastened about the breast, neck, and head of the horse.

311, 312. Amazoniam, Threiciis: general appellatives here, signifying such as Amazons and Thracians use; for both races were renowned as archers. 312. lato auro: ablative of description with Balteus; of broad gold.' circum (adv.) amplectitur: the belt, as seen in some antique representations of the quiver, passes round the quiver, and the two ends are joined together by the buckle, or brooch. See p. 27.

313. tereti gemma: 'with a polished jewel'; ablative of instrument with subnectit; or may be ablative of description with fibula.

315. locum: the place' for starting. Cf. l. 132.

316. Corripiunt spatia: 'they seize upon the course.' Cf. 1. 145, and I, 418. limen: the starting point.'

317. ultima signant: 'they mark the farthest point'; i.e. with the eye; for without fixing the eye on the goal, they may turn from a direct line.

318. corpora: nicely chosen here for the persons themselves.

319. fulminis alis: the thunderbolt was often represented on coins, with wings.

:

321. deinde is joined with insequitur (understood). post: with relicto, governing eum understood.

323. quo sub ipso: 'and close behind him.'

324. calcem calce: 'and even now grazes heel with heel'; i.e. 'foot with foot'; almost abreast of Helymus, lacking only a pace of it.

325. umero: the shoulder or side of Helymus. spatia plura: for plus spatii. supersint-relinquat: the present for the imperfect subjunctive of a condition contrary to fact in present time. Cf. ni faciat, I, 58.

326. ambiguumve relinquat: 'or he would leave it (the result or issue of the contest) uncertain.'

327. spatio extremo: 'in the farthest part of the course'; the ultima mentioned in 1. 317. The race seems to have terminated here, and not to have turned back from the goal, as in the regular circus.

328. sub Finem: ‘near to the end'; defining more precisely the preceding words. levi sanguine: because slippery. Victims had been slaughtered on the spot, as is implied in sacro, l. 333.

329. ut: causal, 'since.' forte: it happened' that, when they were slaughtering bullocks, the blood had soaked the ground in this part of the

race course.

330. Fusus (erat): 'had streamed.' super: adverb.

331, 332. presso solo: ablative absolute denoting time. When once his foot had pressed this treacherous spot, he instantly slipped and fell headlong. 334. ille in apposition with the foregoing subject, as in I, 3.

336. revolutus: 'rolled over.' spissa harena: 'on the compact sand.' 337. Euryalus: the last syllable is long under the ictus and before the

caesura.

338. plausu, fremitu: ablative of manner.

339. nunc: emphatic; 'now' that Nisus and Salius are thrown out. palma: sc. est; lit. 'prize,' i.e. here = 'prize winner,' 'victor.'

340. caveae ingentis: of the vast theater.' See 1. 288.

340, 341. ora Prima: 'the front seats of the fathers.' The senators at Rome occupied the seats in front; so now the nobles and elders were seated in front of the multitude.

344. veniens virtus: his merit presenting itself.'

349. palmam - nemo: no one moves the prize from the (determined) order.' The prizes were to be given to those who should come out first, sec ond, and third, with no other condition specified.

352. aureis: here, a dissyllable.

354. Niso: an emphatic substitute for mihi. Cf. II, 79, and IV, 31.

355. laude: 'merit.'

357. simul his dictis: H. 490, 4; LM. 665; A. 261, b; B. 144, 2; G. 417,

12; (H. 437, 2).

358. olli: cf. I, 254.

359. artes: in apposition with clipeum.

360. Danais: dative of the agent with refixum. See note on I, 326. The Greeks had taken the shield from a temple of Neptune, and perhaps it had come into the hands of Aeneas through Helenus.

361. Hoc munere: H. 426, 6; LM. 535; A. 225, d; B. 187, I, a ; G. 348; (H. 384, II, 2).

362-484. The pugilistic contest is next described. Dares, a Trojan, presents himself as the challenger, but at first no one is disposed to compete with him. Then an old Sicilian of Trojan descent, Entellus, is induced by his friend Acestes to enter the lists. They put on the gauntlets furnished by Aeneas, and begin the fight. Entellus at first stands on the defensive, and merely parries or avoids the blows of his more nimble antagonist. At last the old man aims a blow with immense effort at Dares, who adroitly turns aside, leaving Entellus to fall headlong by the impetus of his own motion. Entellus, thus roused by shame and revenge, rises from the ground, attacks Dares with fury, and gains the victory.

362. peregit: for the tense, see note on postquam, I, 216.

363. animus praesens: 'a prompt spirit.'

364. evinctis palmis: 'the palms being bound'; i.e. with the caestus; not a boxing glove covering the hand, but a coil of leather thongs, filled with lead or iron, and bound around the palm and wrist, sometimes extending to the elbow. See Fig. 45.

366. auro is, perhaps, best referred to the practice of gilding the horns; and velatum explained as a zeugma.

370. Paridem: the post-Homeric poets represent Paris as a hero excelling in agility, strength, and the use of weapons.

371. ad tumulum: at the funeral games in honor of Hector. which.'

quo: 'in

373. veniens se ferebat, etc.: 'who boasted of his descent from,' etc. As in II, 377, III, 310, the participle agrees with the subject, yet virtually modifies the predicate as if in the accusative. Others render, 'who with huge bulk strode forth (se ferebat) a descendant of,' etc. Amyci: Amycus, king of the Bebrycians, compelled all strangers to contend with him until at length he was killed by Pollux, who had landed with the other Argonauts in Bithynia.

375. prima in proelia: 'for the beginning of the fight'; prima = primus. He 'first' presented himself.

or pos

381. Aeneae: better the dative of reference (equivalent to the genitive of possession) than the genitive.

384. finis: not here 'purpose,' but 'time'; 'what will be the end of delaying?' i.e. how long must I remain here? usque: separated from quo by tmesis. 385. Ducere: supply me as the subject.

387. gravis: for graviter, with castigat.

388. ut consederat: 'as (by chance) he had seated himself.'

389. frustra: 'in vain,' if, after all, you suffer another to carry away the prize on the present occasion.

6

391. nobis: ethical dative; where, pray, is that god of ours?' See note on l. 162.

395. sed enim: 'but in fact' (

senecta with hebet.

=

ἀλλὰ γάρ).

An ellipsis is involved

397. qua: governed by fidens. H. 476, 3; LM. 629; A. 254, b; B. 219, 1;

Fig. 45. The Caestus (1. 401)

G. 401, R. 6; (H. 425, 1, 1), N.).

400. nec dona moror: 'nor do I regard the gifts.' Cf. II, 287. deinde: see note on l. 14.

402. in proelia: join with jerre. quibus: (armed) with

which.'

403. intendere: 'bind.'

404. tantorum: with boum conveys the same notion as if it were tam qualifying ingentia an exaggerated description of the size of the caestus. 406. longe recusat: 'shrinks far back.'

407, 408. pondus - versat: 'tries the weight of the gauntlets, and turns over, this way and that, the immense folds themselves.' Their numerous great coils are distinguished from their weight.

410. arma is added to signify that they were weapons actually used by him in combat.

413. Sanguine, cerebro: the blood and brain of some who had been beaten or killed by Eryx.

414. His see note on Quibus, 1. 402. suetus: sc. pugnare.

418. Id is ambiguous, but probably relates to the proposition following, to take equal gauntlets. sedet for sedet animo or placet.

auctor predicate with probat; 'sanctions with his authority.'

probat: sc. et.

421. duplicem amictum: as an old man, he had quietly seated himself,

wrapped in a cloak made of coarse cloth doubled.

by the Romans abolla.

:

Such a cloak was called

422. lacertosque is connected with the following verse in scanning. See note on IV, 558.

423. With Exuit in this usage, vestibus is understood.

426. in digitos: join with arrectus.

431. mole: in his heavy frame.'

431, 432. trementi labant: may be rendered 'tremble and totter.' Genua: here, a dissyllable, gen-wa. aeger anhelitus: 'troubled panting'; a hard drawing of the breath that betrays infirmity.

433. vulnera: metonymy for verbera.

434. ingeminant: here, transitive, with multa (vulnera) as object.

434, 435. pectore-sonitus: 'wake deep echoes on the chest'; from the blow received. errat: 'play.'

437. gravis: in the predicate, implying that he is fixed and steady by his weight. nisu: 'firm position.'

438. tela exit: 'shuns blows.'

For the accusative after exit, see H. 429,

3; A. 237, d. modo: limits corpore and oculis.

439. Ille: Dares; subject of pererrat (1. 441) and urget (1. 442). 444. a vertice: for desuper; as in I, 114.

446. ultro of his own impulse'; not because struck by his opponent.

:

450. studiis: 'with eager interest.'

451. caelo: see note on Latio, I, 6.

456. Daren: the form Dareta for the accusative also occurs, 1. 460.

457. ille: see note on I, 3, and cf. ll. 186, 398.

458. quam: trans. ‘as,' and join with multa. The correlative would regularly be tam instead of sic.

459, 460. densis - Creber: 'frequent with swift following blows'; for densis et crebris ictibus.

aequore, 1. 456.

versat drives round and round'; as agit toto

466. vires alias: 'superhuman strength'; 'do you not perceive that his strength is other (than mortal)?' Some god helps him. Others trans.: 'the strength (of both of you) is changed '; i.e. other than before. conversa numina: that the favor of heaven is changed.' When Entellus fell, the gods seemed to be on the side of Dares; now that they have become adverse, he need not feel disgraced to submit to their power. He is not wanting in prowess, but is only infelix.

467. deo: 'to the god (whoever he may be).'

469. utroque: 'to either side.'

471. vocati: these friends represent Dares.

476. qua a morte: 'from what (certain and cruel) death.' revocatum : 'rescued.' See note on summersas, I, 69.

478. donum pugnae: 'as the prize of the combat.'

479. media inter cornua: 'right between the horns.'

480. Arduus: 'rising to his full height.'

481. humi: see note on I, 193. Observe the monosyllable closing the verse, H. 738; G. 784, 10; and cf. I, 105; (H. 613, N. 4).