Epics, Greek, influence on religion,

428 ff.

Epicureanism, at Rome, 560 ƒ.
Epicurus, 510 f.

Epithets, of gods, 425.

Epoptēs, highest degree in Eleusinia,
453.

Equinox, vernal, in mysteries, 582.

Equinoxes, precession of, 240 f.
Er, vision of, 504 f.

Zoroastrian parallel, 401.

Ereshkigal, 229 ƒ.

Eridu, city in Babylonia, 203, 204 ƒ.
Eschatology, Zoroastrian, 375,
398 ff.

Orphic, 447 ff.

Eleusinian, 454 ƒ.

Pythagorean, 450.

Platonic, 450, 504 ƒ.

Pindar, 482.

See Judgment, Heaven, Hell,
Immortality.

Etana, 218, 230.

Ethics, Chinese, 25 f., 27 ƒfƒ., 35 ƒƒ.,
45 f.

Taoist, 51 f.

Buddhist, 90.

Japan, Confucian influence, 142 f.
India, Buddhist, 299, 300 ƒ.

Bhagavad-Gita, 333.

Ramayana, influence of, 335.
Zoroastrian, 364 ƒƒ., 396 ƒ.
Greek, sophists, 467 f.

Socrates, 494.

Plato, 499 f., 501, 503 f.
Aristotle, 509.

Stoics, 516 ff., 562.

See also Morals.

Etruscans, 552, 558 f.

Euhemerism, 560.

Euripides, 486 ƒƒ.

Evil, origin of, Zoroastrianism, 375,

381, 404 f.

Plato, 499, 503.

Stoics, 513.

Plutarch, 526.

Neopythagoreans, 529.

Evil Mind, Evil Spirit, 369, 387.

See Angra Mainyu.

Evil Spirits, see Demons.

Exorcism, in China, 69 f., 77 f.
Babylonia, 221.

See also Demons.

Expansion, age of, in Greece, 436 ff.
Expiations, physical conceptions of
guilt and its removal, 265 ƒ.

Shinto, 105 f.
Babylonia, 221 ƒs.
Vedic religion, 265.

Greece, 475.

ridiculed by Heraclitus, 460.

Roman, 547 ƒ., 556.

See also Purification.

FAH-HIEN, Buddhist pilgrim, 80, 311.
Faith, in Hinduism, 137, 328, 337.
in Pure Land Buddhism, 132 f.,

133 ff.

man's act or God's gift? 337.

faith and works, 134.

See also Devotion, Grace, Sal-
vation.

Falacer, 542.

Fall, of Daevas and men, 383.
of the Soul, 482.

Fasting, 263.

See also Asceticism.
Fate, in Homer, 431.

Stoic doctrine, 512, 513.
Father of Husbandry, 10.
Feng-shui, 9, 71 f., 86.
Festivals, China, 69.

Japan, Shinto, 103 f.
Egypt, 156 f., 198.
Babylonia, 220 ƒ.
Greek, 475.

Roman, 541, 547 ƒ.

Fields of Earu (Rushes), 160 f., 193,
195.

Filial piety, in Chinese ethics, 28 f.,
35, 38, 53.

in Japan, 114, 142.

Fire, divine, see Agni, Hestia, Vesta.
sacred, in Zoroastrianism, 366,
370, 388.

First-fruits, Shinto, 104 f.

India, 262.

Greece, 474.

Rome, 549.

Five relationships, 28 f., 142.

Flagellation, Zoroastrian, 396 f.
Flamen Dialis, 565, 568.
Flamines, 546 f.

Flesh must be subdued, 529.

See also Asceticism.

Flesh, of animals, see Animals.
Flood myth, Babylonian, 216 ff.

See also Destruction of Man-
kind.

Fordicidia, 547.

Formalism, China, 29.

India, 261 ff., 264 ƒ.
Zoroastrian, 389 f.
Roman, 547.

Four Certainties, Buddhist, 285.
Fravardin Yasht, 403 f.

Fravashis, genii of men, 383.
Free-will, in Stoicism, 513 f.

Fudo, Japanese Buddhist god, 140.
Fujiyama, sacred mountain, 113.
Functional deities, Egyptian, 146.
Greek, 425.

Roman, 543, 544 f., 557 ƒ.
Funeral rites, Chinese, 75 f.
Japan, 109.

Buddhist, 141.

Egypt, 157, 159.

Persians (acc. to Herodotus),

374.

See also Zeus, Juppiter.

Heaven (abode of the blest).

Vedic, 267 f., 318.

Hindu, 336, 348.
Buddhist, 83, 132.

Zoroastrian, 399 f., 401.

Orphic, 448.

Pindar, 482.

Plato, 505.

See also Dead, abodes of.
Heavenly bodies, gods, in nature
religions, see Sun, Moon, Planets,
etc.

in opinion of philosophers, Plato,

503.

Aristotle, 508.

Stoics, 519 f.

Plutarch, 526.

Hecate, 473 n.

Heian, Kyoto, 119.

Heliopolis, in Egypt, 151 f.

in Syria (Baalbek), 577.

Helios, 473 n.

Hell, Chinese popular religion, 63,
66 f.

Buddhist, 83, 140.

Egyptian, 193.

Vedic, 268, 276.

Hindu, 348 f.

Zoroastrian, 400, 403, 404 ƒ.

Orphic, 447 f., 449 f., 482.
Plato, 504 f.

Plutarch, 527.

Christian, 450, 505.

Hephaistos, 423 f.

Hera, 423.

Heraclitus, 56 f., 454 f., 459 f., 465,

511 f.

Hercules, 555.

and Cacus, 411.

Hermes, 420.

Heroes, worship of, in Greece, 426,
472 f.

Hesiod, 432 ƒƒ., 446.

Hideyoshi, edict against Christians,
124.

Hilaria, in mysteries of Attis, 582.

of Isis, 589.

Hinayana Buddhism, 82, 305.
Hinduism, 325-356.

Hirata, reformer of Shinto, 114.
Hittites, wars with Egyptians, 188.
Hiuen Tsang, Buddhist pilgrim, 126,
311.

Hiyeizan, seat of Tendai monasteries,
119, 121 f.

Holy Way, sects of Buddhism, 131 f.
Homer, 427 ff.

Homeric Hymn, to Demeter, 425, 439.
Honen Shonin, founder of Jodo, 132.
Honey-cakes, offered to the dead, 474.

Horns, bull's, in Cretan art, 409.
Horse, Vedic sacrifice, 262.

sacrifice to Helios, Greece, 473 n.
Horus, Egyptian god, 146 f., 149 f.,
151, 162, 191 f.

Hosso, Buddhist sect, 126.

Hotar, Vedic priest, 261.

Hou-tsih, earth deity, China, 11, 23.
Human nature, innate goodness of, 36,
38 f.

Human sacrifice, to Zeus, 415 f.

to Artemis, 418.

Phoenician, to Kronos, 434.
See also Expiations.

Humanity, Stoic, 518.

Hyksos, 179 ƒ.

Hymns, Egyptian, to Aton, Amon,
184.

Hypatia, 539.

Hypnotic trances, see Trances.

IACCHOS, 452.

Ice-age, in Vendidad, 385.

Ida, mountain in Crete, 408, 434.
Ideas, Platonic, 500 f.

Idealism, monistic, Upanishads, 274.
Vedanta, 316 f.

Idols, China, Taoist, 62.

Buddhist, 92.

popular religion, 68.
Japan, Buddhist, 139 f.

Egypt, 151, 157.

Hindu, 345.

Zoroastrian, 372, 374, 377 f.

Crete, 409.

Greece, 471, cf. 469.

Rome, 549, 555.

ridiculed by Xenophanes, 458.
by Heraclitus, 460.

condemned by Stoics, 519, 522,
561 f.

Ignorance, avidyð, 308 ƒ., 316, 320.
Ikhnaton, Amenophis IV (q. v.), 183.
Illusion, māyā, 316.

Images, of Buddha, 115, 118 f.
Imbe, Japanese priests, 102.
Immanence of God, Stoic doctrine,
511 f.

rejected by Plutarch, 525.
Immortality, mythical food of, 215,
218, cf. 389, 402.

Zoroastrian doctrine of, 402 f.
Greek conceptions, 443 ff.

the assurance of the mysteries,
448 f., 454, 482.

hope of immortality, Socrates,
497.

arguments for, Plato, 501 f.
Aristotle (no individual immor-
tality), 508 ƒ.

Stoics, 522, 561, 562.
Plutarch, 527, cf. 529.
Neoplatonists, 534.

belief combated by Epicurus and
Lucretius on moral grounds,
510 f.

Oriental mysteries, 582 f., 588
f., 599.

conditional immortality, 522.
Incantations, Babylonian, 222 ƒjƒ.
Incarnation, in Vishnuism, 329 f.,
336, cf. 338 f.

in Mahayana Buddhism, 309.
of Buddha, legend, 302.

India, land and people, 243 ff.

religion of the Veda, 243–278.
the great heresies (Jainism, Bud-

dhism), 279-314.

philosophical systems, 315-324.
Hinduism, 325–356.

knowledge of Indian religions in
the West, 534 f.

Indigetes, Di, 552 f.
Indigitamenta, 544 ƒ.

Individualism, in Greece, 437 f.

Indo-Germanic religion, 410 f.
Indo-Iranians, 243 ƒ.

Indra, Indian god, 249 f., 263 ƒ., 357,
411.

Infernal deities, Roman, 551.

See also Chthonic deities, Osiris,
Yama, Judgment of the dead.

Initiations, savage survivals, 418, 597.
Orphic, 444.
Eleusinian, 451 ƒƒs.

mysteries of Isis, 591 f.

of Mithras, 595 f., 597.
Instruction for a Minister, 178.
Intoxication and enthusiasm, 448.
Ionia, primacy in culture, 457.
Iranians, the people and its homes,
357.

religion, 358 ƒ.

See Zoroastrianism.

Ise, Shinto temples at, 100 f.
ritual, 103 f.
pilgrimage, 113.

Ishtar, Semitic goddess, 207 ƒ.

in story of Gilgamesh, 214.
in Assyria, 234.
Descent to Hades, 229 ƒ.
Isis, 170 f., 189 f., 191, 200.
in Ptolemaic times, 584 fƒjƒ.
at Rome, 586 ff.
mysteries, 588 ff.

Islands of the Blest, Chinese, 59 f.

Izads, see Yazatas.

Izanagi and Izanami, cosmogonic
deities, 98.

Chinese influence, 117 ƒ.
religion, Shinto, 93-114.
Buddhism, 115-143.
Jesuits, in Japan, 124.
Jimmu Tenno, Japanese emperor, 93,
100, 111.

Jizo, Buddhist god, 140.

Jodo, Buddhist sect, 123 ƒ., 131 ƒƒ.
favoured by Tokugawa shoguns,

124.

doctrines, 131 f.

Judaism, 531 f.

Judgment, of the dead, China, 67.
Japan, 140.

Egypt, 174 f., 193, 194.
Hinduism, 348 ƒ.

Zoroastrianism, Gathas, 364.

later Avesta, 375, 399.

last judgment, 402.

Pindar, Eschylus, 482, 484.

Plato, 504 f.

Julian, emperor, 538, 584, 601.

Juno Cælestis, of Carthage, 578.

Juno, 542, 553.

Juppiter, 411, 542, 543, 553, 557, 558,
561.

Juppiter Dolichenus, 577.

O. M. Heliopolitanus, ibid.

Justinian, closing of the schools at
Athens, 539.

KA, soul or genius, 160.
Kabeiroi, 455.

Kabir, Hindu reformer, 350.
Kabirpanthis, 350 f.

Kali, Çivaite goddess, 342.
Kaliyuga, 350.

Kami, "superior," god, 96.

Kanishka, Indo-Scythian king, 302,
304.

Karma, in Upanishads, 275.

Jainism, 281.

Buddhism, 293, 294, 296, 297.
Keshab Chandra Sen, 354.
Khepre, 192.

Kherheb, Egyptian priests, 155 f.
Khnum, Egyptian god, 147.

Khonsu, Egyptian moon-god, 154,
172.

King, character of the good, 25, 365 f.
Kings, divine, Egypt, 150, 152, 161.
in Ptolemaic times, 572.
China, "Son of Heaven," 7.
Japan, "Heavenly Grandchild,"

111.

Syria, Seleucids, 572.

Roman emperors, 571 ff.

Knowledge, transcendental and rela-
tive, 308.

of Brahman, lower and higher,
317 f.

the saving, Vedanta, 317.

the saving, Sankhya, 320 f.

Kobo Daishi (Kukai), 119 f., 126.
Kojiki, History of Antiquity, 95.
Kore, in mysteries of Eleusis, 450 f.,
453.

Korea, Buddhism in, 115.
Kotoku, Japanese emperor, 117, 118.
Krishna, legend of, 330 ƒ.

in Bhagavad-Gita, 331, 333 ƒ.
incarnation of Vishnu, 331.
Kronos, Phoenician god, 434.

Titan, in Hesiod, 433.
Kuan-yin, goddess of compassion, 70,
. 92.

Kubera, Hindu god, 342.
Kwannon, goddess of compassion, in

Japan (Chinese Kuan-yin=

Avalokiteçvara), 140.

Kyoto (Heian), capital of Japan,
119.

LAGASH, gods of, 203.

New Year's festival, 220.

Lamaism, in Tibet, 314.

in China, 92.

Lao-tse, 48 ff.

Lar familiaris, 550 f.

Lares, 544, 550.

Lares compitales, 569.

Lectisternia, 555.

Legalism, in Zoroastrianism, 396.
Legislation, Greek, 438.

Leucippus, 464 n.

Libations, in Greek cults, 474.

Lie (Druj), evil, and evil spirit, 369,
372 n.

Lieh-tszě, Taoist philosopher, 56.
Life (immortality), plant of, 215.
Li-ki, 5, 6, 8, 14.

Limbo, Zoroastrian, 400.

Lingam (phallus), in worship of Çiva,
345.

Lingayits, Çivaite sect, 341.

Liver, divination by, Babylonian, 227.
Etruscan, Greek, 559.

Logos, in Philo, 381, 533.

Love, of fellow men, Confucius, 36.
ethical principle of Moh Tih,
37 f.

Stoic, 518.

to God, Bhagavad-Gita, 333.

See also Devotion.

of God, for men, 131 f., 309 f.,

328, 329 f.

Lucretius, 511, 560.

Ludi Romani, 553, 566.

Plebeii, 556.

Megalenses, 556.

Sæculares, 568.

Lun-yü, 5.

Lupercalia, 547, 548.

a Japanese parallel, 108.

Lustrations, Roman, 547 ƒ.

See Purifications.

MAAT, Egyptian goddess of justice,
175.

Ma-Bellona, 593.

Mabuchi, exponent of Pure Shinto,
113.

Madhvas, Vishnuite sect, 338.
Madhyamika, school of Buddhism,
126, 307.

Mænads, 440, 441, 444.
Magi, 372, 375, 387 f.

Magic, Egyptian, means of salva-
tion, 165.

wards off the perils of the

dead, 174.

Babylonian, 221 ƒƒs.

defence against evil spirits,

221.

combined with religious rites,

222.

Indian, 258 ƒƒ., 266 ƒ.

Magical elements of Roman cultus,
547.

powers, see Supernormal.
Magna Mater, devotees of, in Greece,
456 f.

brought to Rome, 556 f.
worship of, 579 f.

festival, 581 ƒƒ.

See also Attis.

Mahabharata, 326.

Mahaprajnaparamita-çastra, 128.
Mahasanghikas, 303, 304.

Mahayana Buddhism, 81 f., 89, 126
f., 138 f., 304 ƒƒ.

Maitreya, the next Buddha, 126, 305.
Man, nature of, see Nature, human.
Manes, Di, 545, 551.

Manichæans, in China, 85.
Maori myths, 170, 210 n.

Mara, death, tempter of Buddha, 284.
Marcus Diaconus, 601 ƒ.

Marduk, god of Babylon, 208 ƒƒ.
combat with Tiamat, 209 ƒƒ.
determiner of destiny, 221.
son of Ea, 223.

honoured by Assyrian kings, 237.
Marnas, temple destroyed, 602.
Marriage, life partnership, 517.
of gods, Babylonian, 220 ƒ.
Greek (Zeus-Hera), 423.
Roman, 543.

Mars, 542, 543, 553.

Ultor, 569.

Maruts, 249, 253.

Masses for the dead, Buddhist, in

China, 77, 83, 128.

in Japan, 141.

Mastaba, Egyptian tomb, 158.

Mate of Heaven, in China, 12.

Materialism, Chinese, Yang Chu, 37.
Wang Chung, 42 f.

Chu Hi, 45 f.

Indian, Carvakas, 323 ƒ.