each. Some have been caught 46 lbs. in weight. When a fish too heavy for the line has been caught, the fisherman calls for the help of his neighbour, who strikes a hook attached to a long pole into the fish as soon as it appears near the surface, and then safely hauls it on board. 12. LABRADOR lies north of Newfoundland on the mainland. Its limits are undefined. There are many fishing stations, but they are nearly all deserted in winter time. The outer coasts are beset with icebergs, and exposed to violent storms; but, inland, fine forests cover the hills, and the rivers abound with salmon. 13. The natives of Labrador are chiefly Eskimos, a race of people found in many parts of the northern coasts of America. They live in huts, and clothe themselves in rough fur dresses made from the skins of the seal and the white bear. Com-pen-sate, make up. 1 Bold navigators, daring sailors who have risked their lives in searching Mag-net, moving power. On an av-er-age, one with another. for new lands, such as the Cabots and Henry Hudson. (See pages 141, 147.) SUMMARY.-Newfoundland is larger than Scotland, but it has only 90,000 inhabitants. The winter is long and severe. Foxes, wolves, and bears abound. Fish is the staple produce, especially cod, caught on the "Great Bank," 70 miles from the coast. Labrador on the mainland belongs to Newfoundland. The natives are Eskimos. It has vast forests in the interior. EXERCISE.-Draw Newfoundland and Labrador from the Map on page 178. 17. THE TWO CANADAS. 1. The wealthiest and the most important provinces in the Dominion are Quebec and Ontario, which were formerly known as Lower and Upper Canada. 2. Canada originally included both these provinces; but in consequence of the jealousy that existed between the English and the French colonists, the country was divided into two provinces. Upper Canada was made an English province; Lower Canada remained French. The two provinces were reunited in 1840, and they remained so till the Dominion was formed in 1867. 3. The Province of QUEBEC lies on both sides of the River St. Lawrence, above the Gulf. It is the oldest of the colonies now united in the Dominion. A wooden fort, built by the first French settlers where the city of Quebec now stands, was the beginning of the colony. 4. The settled portion of Quebec is principally a narrow strip of country along both banks of the St. Lawrence. Beyond, and covering the greater portion of the province, are vast forests of pine, cedar, ash, maple, birch, and other useful trees. 5. Lumbering is one of the chief industries of the people. The timber is collected at the great ports on the St. Lawrence-Montreal, Three Rivers, Quebec, and other places-and is then shipped to all parts of the world. 6. Besides a great quantity of timber, Quebec exports grain and dairy produce, fish, and furs. The chief towns are Quebec and Montreal. Nearly three-fourths of the population of the province are French. 7. The Province of ONTARIO lies west of Quebec and north of the St. Lawrence and the great lakes. The growth of this province has been amazingly rapid. About one hundred years ago it was almost entirely covered with forests; now it is one of the most fertile grain regions in the world. 8. In the north of the province a large portion is still forest-land. Beautiful as the Canadian trees are in spring and summer, they are marvellous when they have assumed their autumn tints. that season, especially after the first frosts have set in, the forests are clad in the most brilliant colours. In 9. For upwards of one thousand miles, lake and river form the boundary of Ontario. These waters are almost everywhere navigable, and the ports on them are scenes of constant activity. 10. The province also contains valuable wells. of petroleum or mineral oil. It, is, however, as a wheat-producing country that Ontario is now best known. The chief towns are Toronto, Hamilton, Kingston, and Ottawa. A-maz-ing-ly, wonderfully. As-sumed', taken on. Brilliant, brightest of. Lum-ber-ing, cutting down trees. Mar-vel-lous, astonishing; beyond belief. Nav-i-ga-ble, deep enough for ships to sail in. Prin-ci-pal-ly, chiefly. SUMMARY.-Quebec (Lower Canada) and Ontario (Upper Canada) are the wealthiest provinces of the Dominion. Their separation was due to jealousy between the English and the French colonists. Quebec -the oldest of all these colonies-has vast forests of pine, cedar, etc. Lumbering is the leading industry. Grain, dairy produce, fish, and furs are also exported. Ontario is very fertile. It is a great wheatproducing country. EXERCISE.-Draw a map of the two Canadas from the Map on page 154. 18. THE CITY OF QUEBEC. 1. A small river called the St. Charles, winding through rich, low grounds, joins the St. Lawrence at Quebec. In the angle it makes with the St. Lawrence is a lofty promontory, and on this promontory stands the city of Quebec, walled and bastioned all round. The highest point of the promontory and the most advanced into the stream is Cape Diamond, the Gibraltar of America.1 2. "There is not in the world a nobler outlook than that from the Citadel at Quebec. You stand upon a rock overhanging city and river, and look down upon the guard-ships' masts. Acre upon acre of timber comes floating down the stream above the city, the Canadian songs just reaching you upon the heights; and beneath you are fleets of great ships-English, German, French, and Dutch-embarking the timber from the floating docks. 3. "Here, farther from the sea than is any city in Europe west of Moscow, we have a sea-port town, with gun-boats and men-of-war; morning and evening guns, and bars of God save the Queen,' to mark the opening and the closing of the port...... 4. "Leaving the Citadel, we enter what is called. the Upper Town, and at once we feel as if we were |