fore, but the discovery of it is not absolutely denied. And this much was necessary in our passage to secure our own interest in the mercy treated about.

$33. We may now return a little again to the promise given unto Abraham. In consequence of this promise, his posterity was separated to be a peculiar people unto God. Their churchstate, the whole constitution of their worship, their temple, and sacrifices, were all of them assigned and appointed for the confirmation of the promise, and to the explanation of the way whereby the blessed seed, should be brought forth, and of the work that he should perform for the removal of sin and the curse, and for the bringing in of everlasting righteousness, as shall elsewhere be manifested. Moreover unto this deliverer and deliverance to be wrought by him, with the nature of it, and the means of its accomplishment, by what he was to do and suffer, do all the prophets bear witness. The full manifestation hereof, seeing it requires an explication of the whole doctrine of the Messiah, concerning his person, grace, and mediation, his offices, life, death, and intercession, the justification of sinners through his blood, and sanctification by his Spirit; with all other articles of our Christian faith, all which are taught and revealed, though obscurely in the Old Testament, would take up an entire volume, and be unsuitable unto our present design. But by three things in general the prophets give testimony unto him. First, by preferring the promised relief and remedy above all the present glory and worship of the church; directing it to look above all its enjoyments unto that which in all things was to have the pre-eminence. See Isa. ii. 2. iv.2—5. vii. 13-15. ix. 6, 7. xi. 1-10, &c. xxxii. 1-4. xxxv. 1— 10. xl. 1-5. 9, 10, 11. xlii. 1-4. xlix. 18, 19. li. 4-7. lix. 20, 21. lx. lxi. 1, 2, 3, &c. lxv. 17, 18.—Jer. xxiii. 5, 6. xxx. 9. xxxi. 31-34. xxxii. 40, 41, 42.-Ezek. xl, &c.—Dan. vii. 27. ix. 24. xii. 1, 2.-Hos. iii. 5.--Joel iii. 18.-Amos ix. 11-15.-Obad. 21.-Micah iv. 1-4. v. 1-4.-Hab. ii. 14. -Hag. ii. 6-9.-Zechar. ii. 8-12. iii. 8, 9, 10. vi. 12, 13. ix. 9, 10, 11. xiv. 3, 4. 20.-Mal. i. 11. iii. 1,2,3. iv. 2. Which places, although but a few of those that occur in the prophets, are yet too many to be particularly insisted on. this they all teach with one consent, that there was in the promise which they assert and confirm, an excellency of blessings, far exceeding in glory and worth, and in advantage unto believers, all that which they outwardly enjoyed, in their peace, prosperity, kingdom and temple-worship. Now this can be nothing but the spiritual and eternal deliverance of their persons, from sin, curse, and misery, with the enjoyment of the favour of God in this life, and blessedness hereafter in his presence for evermore. And this in particular is expressed and declared in

But

many of the promises directed unto, especially those which con cern the making and establishing of the new covenant, which is that we are in the demonstration of..

Secondly, They do the same in the description which they give of the person that was to be this remedy or relief, and of the work that he was to accomplish for that end. For the former, they declare that he was to be the Son of God, God and man in one person, Ps. ii. 7. ex. 1. Isa. ix. 6, 7. Jer. xxiii. 5, 6. Zech. ii. 8, 9, 10. and in sundry other places is the same mystery intimated, whereby the church was farther instructed how God would join with the nature of man in the seed of the woman, for the conquest of the old serpent, and the destruction of his works. And for the latter, they declare his sufferings in an especial manner, even what and how he was to suffer in the bruising of his heel, or bearing the effect of sin, and punishment due to it, Ps. xxii. Isa. liii. Dan. ix. 24, 25. And his teaching, ruling and governing of his people, in their obedience unto God, until they are saved unto the uttermost by him as the great prophet and king of his church, is by them fully manifested, Ps. ii. xxii. 25. xlv. 2-17. lxviii. 17, 18. lxxii. lxxxix. 9-13. xcvi. xcvii. xcviii. xcix. cx.-Isa. xi. 1-5. ix. 6,7. xxxii. 1,2. xxxv. xl. 11, 12. xlii. 1-4. xlv. 22-25. xlix. 1—12. 1. 4. lix. 16, 17. xi. 1, 2, 3. lxiii. 1-6.-Jer. xxiii. 5, 6.Micah iv. 2, 3. v. 1-4.-Zech. ii. 8.-Mal. iii. 1-4. as in sundry other places. Yea, herein all the prophets greatly abound, it being the principal work for which God raised them up, and inspired them by his Holy Spirit in their several generations, as Peter declared; 1 Epist i. 10-12.

Thirdly, They did also bear testimony to Messiah by taking off the expectations of men from looking after relief and deliverance by any other way or means whatsoever; Ps. xl. 8, 9. Add hereunto that the whole fabric of the tabernacle and templeworship, was contrived, appointed and designed in infinite wis dom, unto no other end, but to instruct and direct the church unto this promised deliverer, and to the salvation to be wrought by him; as, God assisting, shall be abundantly manifested in our exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews.

$34. Thus do both the law and prophets bear witress unto this promised deliverer, and to the deliverance to be wrought by him. And this is he whom the Jews and Christians call the Messiah. mera is from Tyre to anbint with oil. Those who were peculiarly of old consecrated unto God in the great offices of kings, priests, and prophets, were by his appointment so to be anointed; at least some of them on special occasions were Thence were they called VD anointed ones. And because this anointing with oil was not appointed for its own sake, but for somewhat signified thereby; those who received the

so.

מלך המשיח

thing so signified, although not actually anointed with oil, are called anointed ones also, Ps. cv. 15. Now this promised seed, this Saviour or deliverer, being appointed of God to perform his work in the discharge of the triple office, of King, Priest, and Prophet unto his sacred people, and being furnished with those gifts and endowments which were signified by the anointing oil, is by an antanomasia called the Messiah. Or Messiah the king, Dan. ix. 25. 72, Messiah the prince, ruler, or leader; and ver. 26. D, Messiah absolutely. The Greeks render this name uscoles, which twice occurs in the New Testament, where persons of the Jewish faith and church, are introduced speaking of the Saviour for whom they looked, John i. 41. iv. 25. In all the other Scriptures, the holy penmen constantly call the same person by another name of the same signification in the language wherein they wrote, with 7 in the Hebrew, namely Xeros the anointed one, Christ. The Greek pescolas and the Latin Messiah, seem rather to be taken immediately from the Chaldee Twp Messicha, than from the Hebrew TrWD Messiach, and to come nearer unto it in sound and pronunciation. It is true, that the name is sometimes applied unto prophane and wicked men with respect unto the office or work to which they were of God designed; as to Saul, 1 Sam, xxiv. 7. and to Cyrus, Isa. xlv. 1. And the Jews call the priest who was to sound the trumpet when the people went forth to battle, Deut. xx. 8. nib nwn, the anointed unto the war. But as was said, it is applied by the way of eminency unto the promised seed, and unto others by way of allusion, and with respect unto their office and present work.

VOL. I

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EXERCITATION IX.

§ 1. The first promise explained in the subsequent. § 2. The name Més siah seldom used in the original; frequently in the Targums. § 3. Pla ces applied unto him therein. Gen. iii. 15. Use of their testimony against the present Jews. § 4. Gen. xxxv. 21. Occasion of the mention of the Messiah in that place, from Micah iv. 8. § 5. Genesis xlix. 1. DT8 first mentioned. § 6. Ver. 10. until Shiloh come. A. greement of the Targums. § 7. Exod. xii. 42. Christ typified by the Paschal Lamb. § S. Exod. xl. 9. 'Wip wip who: Dan. ix. 25. 9. Numb. xi. 26. Tradition about the prophecying of Eldad and Medad. 10. Numb. xxiii. 21. xxiv. 7. 17. 20. 24. Consent of Targums, Talmudists, Cabalists. § 11-13. Deut. xviii. 15—19. The prophet promised, who. § 14. 1 Sam. ii. 10. Hannah's prophecy of Christ. § 15. 2 Sam. xxiii. 3. David's in his last words. § 16--18. 1 Kings iv. 33. Solomon's prophecy. Light of the church increased by David. 19. Ps. ii. vindicated. § 20. Ps. xviii. 32. § 21. Ps. xxí. 3, 4. §22. Ps. xlv. 23. Ps. lxviii. Ixix. § 24. Ps. lxxii. Targum, Midrash, commentators. Vulgar Latin corrupted: and the LXX.

מושל באדם

and What. § 25. Ps. lxxx. 16. 18. 1 how to be rendered. 12 who. 26. Ps. cx. Prophecy of the Messiah. Confession of the Jews. 27. Of the Targum on Solomon's Song. § 28. Isa. ii. 2, 3, 4. § 29. Isa. iv. 2. Vindicated. § 30, 31. Isa. ix. 6. Sense of the Targum on the place. Vulgar Latin noted. § 32. Entanglements of the Jews from this testimony. 33, 34. Four things promised, not agreeing to Hezekiah. Answer of Jarchi. Kimchi. Aben Ezra. § 35. The name mentioned whose. w who. § 36. Answer of Abarbinel. § 37. Of the increase of his government. § 38. Isa. x. 27. § 39. Isa. xi. 1. Abarbinel's prediction of the ruin of the Christians. 40. Isa. xvi. 1. 41. Isa. xxviii. 5. 42. Isa. xlii. 1. $43. Isa. lii. 13. § 44. Jer. xxiii. 5. Corruption of old translations. Purity of the original. Messiah, Jehovah our righteousness. Ezek. xxxvii. 24. § 45. Jer. xxx. 21. xxxiii. 15, 16. § 46. Hos. iii. 5. xiv. 8. § 47. Micah iv. S. § 48. Micah v. 2. Vindicated. Kimchi's blasphemy. § 49. Zech. iii. 8. iv. 7. vi. 12. x. 4. ix. 9. xi. 12, 13. xii. 10. § 50. Conclusion.

§ 1. We have considered the first great promise concerning

E

the Messiah, and evinced from thence the nature of his work and office, as also shewed in general how testimony is given unto him throughout the Old Testament, and whence his name is derived. We shall now moreover enquire in particular into some of those places where he is expressly foretold, promised, or prophesied of, that we may thence gather what farther light cons

cerning his person, and natures, and his employment, was granted unto the church of old, which the present Jews wilfully reject. And herein, as I aim not to collect all the prophecies and promises which God gave concerning him, by the mouth of his holy prophets from the foundation of the world, but only to single out some of the most eminent that give us a direct description of his person or his grace, in conformity to, or in confirmation of what hath been already discoursed about them; so I shall have an especial respect unto those prophecies which the Jews themselves do acknowledge to belong unto him. There

,משמיע ישועה is a book written by Abarbinel which he calls

wherein he undertakes to explain all those texts of Scripture, or prophecies, which cannot be understood either spiritually, or of the second temple, but of their redemption by the Messiah. This at present, among others, I am forbidden the use of, which might have been of advantage in the present design. I shall therefore principally insist on those places which are applied unto him in the Targums, the most authentic writings amongst them, whereunto some others shall be added, which I have observed to be interpreted to the same purpose in the best of their commentators.

§2. The name Messiah is but twice or thrice at most used in the Old Testament, directly and immediately to denote the promised seed; namely, Dan. ix. 25, 26. whereunto Ps. ii. 2. may be added. But this name, for the reasons before given, prevailing in the Judaical church, it is frequently made use of, and inserted in the Targums, where he is treated of, although he be not expressly named in the original. Elias, in his Methurgamim, reckons up fifty of those places, whereunto one and twenty more are added by Buxtorfius. The principal of these deserve our consideration, considering that some of the most eminent of them, are denied by the latter Jews, to belong unto him, especially those which give testimony unto that part of the faith of Christians concerning his person and office, which by them is opposed or denied. And this consent of the Targums is of great weight against them, as containing an evidence of what persuasion prevailed amongst themselves, before they suited all their expositions of Scripture, unto their own infidelity in opposition to the gospel and its doctrines. And unto these, as was said, such others shall be added, as their chief masters do yet acknowledge directly to belong unto him.

§ 3. The first of this sort that occurs, is the first promise before insisted on and vindicated, Gen. iii. 15. It (the seed of the woman) shall bruise thy head, the head of the serpent. Mention is made here expressly of the Messiah in the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem; and this promise is applied unto him after their manner.

The seed of the woman shall bruise the