While nymphs take treats or assignations give, Oh Vulcan! is there on Olympus' heights Cowper. Homer. Iliad, b. xviii. The only adequate and assignable reason of the difference is, that the latter have a source to draw from which was unknown to the former. Porteus. ASSIMILATE. ASSIMILATION. ASSIMILATIVE. ASSIMILABLE. Beneficial Effects of Christianity. Fr. Assimiler; It. Assimigliare; Lat. Assimilatum, past part. of Assimilare, (Ad-similare,) to make like. Similare from similis; Gr. opaλos, even. To make like to, to liken to, to bring or turn to a like or similar kind: (food to the substance fal) The cause of their fatning during their sleeping time, may be the want of assimilating; for whatsoever assiminot to flesh turneth either to sweat or fat. Bacon. Natural History, § 899.' The spirits of many long before that time [the period of things) will find but naked habitations: and meeting no ambles wherein to re-act their natures, must certainly acticipate such natural dissolutions. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 19. Whatsoever property nourisheth before its assimilation, the action of natural heat, it receiveth a corpulency of crassation progressional unto its conversion. Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 21. Neither ought it to seeme more strange, then that the me bone or sinew, and every part and particle thereof, sho have in it (in regard of the nourishment it receives, and the excrement it drives forth.) an attractive, a retentive, an animulative, and an expulsive virtue. Hakewill. Apologie, p. 5. A ruin is a sacred thing. Rooted for ages in the soil; ammited to it; and become, as it were, a part of it, we roader it as a work of nature rather than of art. Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. God's spirit did assist the Apostles by ways extraordinary, and fit for the first institution of Christianity: but doth assist us now by the expresses of those first assistances which he gave to them immediately. Bp. Taylor. On set Forms of Liturgy. Now touching their senate, Lycurgus was the first that erected it among them. The first that were thereof were Lycurgus's chief aiders and assisters of that erection. North. Plutarch, p. 46. Duke Robert, weary of this vnwonted duresse, sought to escape; and hauing liberty to walke in the king's meadowes, forrests, and parkes, brake from his keepers without any assisters, or meanes for security. Speed. Hist. of Great Britaine, an. 1107. Heare me, of Jove Ægiochus, thou most unconquer'd maid, If ever in the cruell field, thou hast assistfull stood, Or to my father, or to my selfe, now love, and do me good. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. v. The highest virtue is best to be trusted with itself, for assistance only can be given by a genius superiour to that which it assists.-Dryden. Ded. to All for Love. Loose at each joint; each nerve with horror shakes. Stupid he stares, and all assistless stands : Such is the force of more than mortal hands. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. Storms rise t' o'erwhelm him: or if stormy winds Rise not, the waters of the deep shall rise, And needing none assistance of the storm, Shall roll themselves ashore, and reach him there. Cowper. Task, b. ii. But genius and learning, when they meet in one person, are mutually and greatly assistant to each other; and, in the poetical art Horace declares, that either without the other can do little.-Beattie. Moral Science, pt. i. c. 1. ASSIZE, v. Assize, n. Assises or Sises, from the Fr. Assise, q. d. Adsessa, i. e. Adsession or Session, from the verb Asseoir, to sit; Lat. Assidere, (Skinner.) See To ASSESS. Assise, is, as the Fr. Assis, assessment-also session or sitting. In Lord Berners-to assize is (now) to assess. In Gower to settle, to establish. In Chaucer Assize is site, situation. The kyng he sende word ageyn, that he hadde ye franchise In ys owne courte forto loke domes and asise. R. Gloucester, p. 53. And on the same asise serued and alowed Of all the franchise, that it are was dowed. R. Brunne, p. 77. He is at all seasons assystent in dede, to them that ble together in his name, but not to them that are red togyther in the names of Benedict, Domynycke, Frances-Bale. Apology, p. 89. Ty treated for a peace between the two kinges, but ng came to effect: but yet, at the last, a truce between kinges and all their assistantes was concluded for to to the feast of St. John the Baptist, 1359, that is 4 for three yeres.-Grafton. Edward. III. an. 32. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. Nor call'd vpon For high feats done to th' crowne: neither allied To eat existants; but spider-like Out of his self-drawing web. And so in ye yere of our lorde M.CCC.lxxx.vi. what to ye entente to breke ye duke of Lancastres voyage, and to cause hym to retourne out of Castel, and to gyue feare to ye englysshme, grete ordenauce for yt voyage was made in frauce, and taxes and tallages set and assysed in cytees and good townes, and in ye playne countrey. Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. ii. c. 49. The pretours, erected their tribunall seat and places of assises at the publick fishpoole.-Holland. Livy, p. 496. When in mid air, the golden trump shall sound, To raise the nations under ground; When in the valley of Jehosaphat, The judging God shall close the Book of Fate; And there the last assizes keep, For those who wake, and those who sleep. Dryden. Ode to the Memory of Mrs. A. Killigrew. ment in the sheriff's court, says, it had never yet been Glanville, speaking of the particular amount of an amerceascertained by the general assize or assembly. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 2. ASSO BRE. See SOBER. Shakespeare. Henry VIII. Act i. sc 1. derate; to consort. Kyng Henry of England, [was] partely greued with the kyng of Romanes for breakyng his promes, when he shoulde haue associated him in hys iourney agaynst the French kyng.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 34. But whoso wil be a true folower of me, yf he intende to bɛ associate wyth me in blisse and glory, let the same in the meane time dyspose hymselfe to be my felowe or partener, in suffering afflictions, and deathe.-Udal. Marke, c. 8. The sayde Frenche King [was] aunswered by the great Priour of Fraunce, whom he had sent to the Venecians to prouide the Isle of Crete, which was vnder their seigniory, for the receyuing of him, his associates and armie, that all things were prepared and in a readynesse. Grafton. Ed. III. an. 12. find a bare-footed brother out, One of our order to associate me Here, in the citie, visiting the sick. Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act v. sc. 2. To whom mild answer Adam thus return'd. Sole Eve, associate sole, to me beyond Compare above all living creatures dear, Well hast thou motion'd.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. Antiochus being put besides all hope of association with Prusias, departed to Ephesus from Sardis, to visite and see the fleet, which for certaine moneths had been rigged and in readinesse.-Holland. Livy, p. 885. With hospitable rites relieve the poor; Dryden. Virgil. Æn. b. 1. Ideas that in themselves are not at all of kin, come to be so united in some men's minds, that 'tis very hard to separate them, they always keep in company, and the one no sooner at any time comes into the understanding but its associate appears with it. Locke. On the Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 33. s. 5. Since faction ebbs, and rogues grow out of fashion, Their penny scribes take care t' inform the nation, How well men thrive in this or that plantation: How Pensylvania's air agrees with Quakers, And Carolina's with associators. Dryden. Prologue to the King & Queen. Associations of mysterious sense, Against, but seeming for, the king's defence; Ev'n on their courts of justice fetters draw, And from our agents muzzle up their law. Id. Absalom & Achitophel. When we consider Charles as presiding in his court, or associating with his family, it is difficult to imagine a character at once more respectable and more amiable. Hume. History of England, an. 1630. The Epistles, that is, the letters addressed by the Apostles and their associates to different churches, and to particular individuals, contain many admirable rules and directions to the primitive converts.-Porteus, vol. i. Lect. 1. ASSOIL. To soil. So used in the Queen of Corinth, by Beaum. and Fletch. I, in gratitude, was bound to this, And am to much more; and what cre he be Beaum. & Fletch. Queen of Corinth, Act iii. sc. 1. ASSOIL. ? Fr. Absouldre; It. Assolvere ; ASSO ILMENT. Lat. Absolvere, to loose, or free from. To loose, free, or clear from difficulty, from guilt, or the consequences of guilt; to acquit, to pardon, to forgive, to absolve; or, as Hall writes, assolve. Thre strokes the moder ek, wepynde wel sore, The pape him asoyled in treuth stedfast, Ther preched a pardoner as he as prest were Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9528. Acastus, whiche with Venus was Al were there no repentance.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii. I also wil aske of you a certayne question, whiche yf ye assoyle me, I in lykewyse wyll tell you by what auctorite I do these thynges.-Bible, 1551. Mathew, c. 21. Where vnto I will make none auns were for feare to displease his grace, neuerthelesse because Martin could not soyle it, if his grace looke well vpo the matter, he shall finde that God hath assoyled it for him in a case of his own. Tyndal. Workes. p. 288. The kyng of Englande was advertised by his ambassadoures, whiche he had sent to diuers vniuersities for the assoluyng of the doubte cocernyng his mariage, that the saied vniuersities wer agreed.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 21. Here M. Harding once againe moveth a very needlesse question. Any childe might soone be hable to assoile this riddle.-Bp. Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 235. But with such guilefull appendices of oathes imposed on him, that this assoilement was not so much the Epilogue of his olde, as the Prologue of his new tragicall vexations. Speed. History of Great Britaine, an. 1212. And surely I may think this at the first was allowed in a kind of spiritual discretion, because the church thought the people could not be suddenly weaned from their conceit of assoiling, to which they had been so long accustomed. Bacon. Pacification of the Church. Why God's merciful intentions were not explicitly declared and propounded to Socrates and Epictetus, as they were to Judas Iscariot and Simon Magus, is another question, which we may afterward in some manner assoil. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 39. ASSO'MONED, is used by Chaucer. SUMMON. That is wel said (qd. Philobone) indeed But were ye not assomoned to appeare By Mercurius for that is all my dreadYes gentil feire (qd. I) now am I here. ASSO'RT. See Chaucer. The Court of Loue. Fr. and It. Sorte, kind, speASSORTMENT. Scies, form; from the Lat. Sors: hence the Fr. Assortir, It. Assortare, to sort, (Skinner,) i. e. To separate and dispose into distinct classes or kinds. Assort, v. is used by Cotgrave in his interpretation of Assorter; but the word is not common till very modern times. Ye ne be but fools of good disport! I wole you teachen a new play; Sit down here by one assort, And better mirth never ye seigh. Sir Ferumbras. Ellis, vol. ii. Is it not much more distinct and intelligible, and of better direction for the assortment and certainty of structure to say that amor is a transitive action, and nummi the patient or object?-R. Johnson. Noctes Nottinghamicæ, p. 8. The people of England know how little influence the teachers of religion are likely to have with the wealthy and powerful of long standing, and how much less with the newly fortunate, if they appear in a manner no way assorted to those with whom they must associate, and over whom they must even exercise, in some cases, something like an authority.-Burke. On the French Revolution. An adjective is by nature a general, and in some measure an abstract word, and necessarily pre-supposes the idea of a certain species or assortment of things, to all of which it is equally applicable.-Smith. Formation of Languages. ASSO'T. Fr. Assoter. To sot, besot, make dote on, or bring too far in love with, (Cotgrave). See SOT. Thei can not their shippes stere So besily vpon the note Thei herken, and in such wise assote, That thei their right cours and weie Foryete, and to their eare obeie.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. This wife, whiche in hir lustes greene Was faire and fresshe and tender of age, She maie not let the courage Of him, that wol on hir assote.-Id. Ib. And Glodeside he loueth hote, And she to make hym more assote, Id. Ib. But fynally, whan the men in Englande, and specyally the londoners, sawe howe that the kynge was so asolled on this syr Hugh Spenser, they prouyded for a remedy. Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. ii. c. 237. But when he saw the blazing beauties beame, ASSUA'GE. ASSUA'GEMENT. ASSUA'SIVE. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. Fr. Assouager or Assouvager; Low Lat. Adsuaviare; from the Lat. Suavis, sweet. Skinner prefers the A. S. Swas-an, Aswæs-ian; To soothe, to mitigate, to calm, to tranquillize. William the Conquerour changis his wikked wille, Out of his first errour, repentis of his ille, And of his crueltes he gynnes for to assuage. For it is thing most amerous For to aswage a mannes sorow To sene his lady by the morrow. Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose. And faine thei wolde do vengeance And durst not slaine hym for feare.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. Patroclus sat contentedly beside Eurypylus, with many a pleasant theme Soothing the gen'rous warrior, and his wound Sprinkling with drugs assuasive of his pains. Id. Homer. Iliad, b. xv. ASSUBJUGATE. From ad, to; sub, under; and jugum, a yoke. Cotgrave has As-soubjecter, to assubject. To bring under the yoke. No, this thrice worthy and right valiant lord, Must not so staule his palmes, nobly acquir'd, Nor by my will assubiugate his merit, As amply titled as Achilles is, by going to Achilles. Shakespeare. Troil. & Cress. Act ii. sc. 3. ASSUEFACTION. Fr. Assuefaction, from Lat. Assuefact-um, past part. of Assuefacere, to make usual, or customary, to accustom; from ad, and sueo (ab usu, quasi usu eo, Vossius), to use, and facere, to make. Use, habit, custom. A'SSUETUDE. And we see that assuetude of things hurtful doth make them loose their force to hurt; as poison, which with use some have brought themselves to brook. Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 67. attained an ability to carry it being a bull, is a witty conceit, The received story of Milo, who by daily lifting a calf, and handsomly sets forth the ethcacy of assuefaction. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 18. For so (to say nothing of such as by assuefaction have made the rankest poysons their most familiar diet) we read that Epimenides continu'd fifty years in a damp cave, the Eremites dwelt in dens, and divers live now in the fens. Evelyn. Fumifugium. Custome and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction introduce a nature. Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 5. s. 3. The power of assuefaction in other cases, made me think it very well worth trying what it would do in respiration. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 380. Fr. Assumpter; It. Assumere; Lat. Assumere, Assumptum, to take to, (Ad-sumere,) perhaps from sub, and emere, which signifies tollere, (Festus,) to lift up, to take up. ASSUME. ASSUMING. To take to, to take up; to take for granted, to arrogate, to claim. At the feste of our lady the assumpcion, R. Brunne, p. 29. These rumours encouraged this priest much, to thinke and iudge the tyme to be come that this Lambert might assume & take vpon hym the person & name of one of kyng Edward the fourthes chyldren.-Hall. Hen. VII, an. 1. After the same fleshe was assumpted and taken vp into R. Brunne, p. 78. heauen, heauenly thynges were opened.-Udal. Heb. x. 2. Out of this type sodainly issued out of a cloude a fayre Tady richely apparelled, and then al the minstrels whiche wer in the pagiant plaied & the angels sang, & sodainly againe she was assumpted into the cloud. Hall. Hen. VIII. an 14. Lette vs nowe remember yt this is the daye of the assumpcion of our blessyd Lady, and truste we in her. that she wyll helpe vs agayne them that ben put out of holy Churche by cursynge.-Fabyan. Phil. III. an. 1283. Nor shall thou by descending to assume (By all these violent arguments; not wonne To credit him his father) did deny His kinde assumpt.-Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xvi. Many positions there are, but proofs of them you offe none. The sum of all your assumpts, collected by yoursel is this. Chillingworth. Religion of Protestants, c. 1. p. 1. Pompey, Crassus, and Cæsar, had found the sweets o arbitrary power; and each being a check to the others growth, struck up a false friendship amongst themselves and divided the government betwixt them, which none o them was able to assume alone.-Dryden. Ded. to the Eneis I cannot but think that the very great scorn and contemp wherewith Mr. T. hath thought fit to treat them, is a ver great assuming to himself, and undervaluing the judgmen of the greatest men, both of the ancient and modern church Dr. Clarke. Reflections, &c. on Amynto Nothing has been more common in all ages, than to se faction and ambition assuming the mask of religion, an pretending to fight in the cause of God and his churc when they had in reality nothing else in view but to creat confusion or establish tyranny.-Porteus, vol. i. Ser. 12. The unities of time and place arise evidently from fal assumptions, and, by circumscribing the extent of the dram lessen its variety.-Johnson. Proposals for, &c. Shakespear ASSUMENT. Lat. Assuere, from ad an suere, to stitch or tack on. This assument or addition, Dr. Marshall says he nev could find any where but in this Anglo-Saxonic translatio and that very ancient Greek and Latin M.S. copy of Beza Lewis. English Trans. of the Bib ASSURE. ASSURED. ASSUREDNESS. Fr. Asseurer; It. Assicurar Sp. Assegurar, (Lat. Securi sine cura, without, free fro care;) to be or cause to free from care. See AsSECUR To make sure or secure, firm, steady, certai to free from care, fear, or anxiety; to give cred confidence, confirmation, convincing proof; assert, to confirm. O noble markis, your humanitee Chaucer. The Clerke's Tale, v. 7 Id. The Lament. of Marie M And eche of hem assureth other, To helpe as to his owne brother, To vengen hem of thilke oultrage, And wynne ayene her heritage.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii Wherefore this I assure you, what so euer is don by w or deed, shall be remitted vnto men, so that they re them.-Udal. Mathew, c. 12. A perfect, strog, and earnest assurance had hee [John the Lord by a spirituall premonishment, that ye vnuari decrees of his set iudgements should be fulfilled at t tymes of him appoynted. Bale. Image of both Churches, p For with indifferent eyes myself can well discerne, How some to guide a ship in stormes seke for to take sterne; Whose practise if were proved in calme to stere a b Assuredly beleuc it well, it were to great a charge. Surrey. An Answere But suche persones as utterly mistrustyng their assurednesse, that is to saie, al worldly ayde and ma naunce of mã, dooe wholly depende of God's defense helpe: suche and none others are hable to stande sure. Udal. Luke, For, till I haue acquit your captive knight, Assure yourselfe, I will you not forsake. His cheerful words reviv'd hir cheerless spright. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i This drudge or diuiner layd claime to mee, call'd Dromio, swore I was assur'd to her. Shakespeare. Comedy of Errours, Act iii. Pag. He said, Sir, you should procure him better assu then Bardolfe: he wold not take his bond and your lik'd not the security.-Id. 2 Part Hen. IV. Act i. sc. If God had not decreed, if he had not said these things, they would yet assuredly be true; for it is a foul contradic to reason, that a man ever should please God without obeying him; it is a gross absurdity in nature, that a man suld be happy without being good.-Barrow, vol.iii. Ser.16. On informing him of our difficulties, and asking, whether right venture across the plain; he bid us, like Cæsar, vith an air of assurance, follow him, and fear nothing. Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. The worlde stante euer vpon debate, Now hire, now there, now to, now fro, Gower. Con. A. The Prol. Skelton. On the dolorous Death. Yet often remebraunce to them of theyr astate, maye hagen to radicate in theyr hartes intollerable pryde, the dangerous poyson to nobleness. Elyot. The Governorr, b. i. c. 4. ASTEEPING. In steeping, v. steep, to soak. Where Perah's flowers Perfume proud Babal's bowers And paint her wall: There we lay'd asteeping, Our eyes in endless weeping, For Sion's fall.-P. Fletcher, Ps. 137. A'STERISK. Fr. Astérique; It. Asterisco ; Å STERISM. Sp. Asterisco; Lat. Asteriscus ; Gr. ACTEρLoros, from Aornp, a star. See the qactation from Prideaux. Asterism, a collection of stars; a constellation; & star. In whose partitions by the lines dispos'd, A the clear northern asterisms were In their corporeal shapes with stars enchased, As by th' old poets they in Heav'n were placed. Drayton. Baron's Wars, b. vi. Nymphs. Lofty Urania, then we call to thee, And show at when they do rise and fall.—Id. Nymphal, iv. The asterisk was a small star (as thus), and was so med, because in Greek that word so signifieth. Prideaux. Connections, pt. ii. b. i. But I have never observed that mankind was much detor improved by their asterisks, commas, or double Cas-Johnson. Proposals for &c. Shakespeare. ASTERN. On the stern or part steered; steren, stern. See STERN, and ASTERTE. Having left this strait a stern, we seemed to be come out of river of two leagues broad, into a large and main sea. The World encompassed by Sir F. Drake, 1578. The gally gives her side, and turns her prow; Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. i. But at seven in the evening, finding we did not near the and that the Wager was very far a-stern, we shortened and made a signal for the cruizers to join the squadron. Anson. Voyage, b. i. c. 3. A. S. Astirian, to move, to stir. ASTERTE. Past part. Astered, Astert. Rough that I no wepin have in this place, But of prisoun am asterte by grace, lete Bought, that eyther thou shalt die, . ne shalt not loven Emelie. See START, Co which thou wolt, for thou shalt not asferte. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1597. The absolute cure of an asthma depends on thinning the blood, and stretching the pulmonic arteries. Cheyne. On the Natural Meth. of Cure, pt. iii. c. 2. He had no other distemper but his asthma. The Life of Locke, p. 22. Prefixed to his Works. He [Locke] continued in it till the year 1700, when, upon the increase of his asthmatic disorder, he was forced to resign it [board of trade.]-Id. p. 19. He was always asthmatical, and the dregs of the small pox falling on his lungs, he had a constant deep cough. Burnett. Own Time, Will. III. 1702. to. ASTIPULATE. Fr. Astipulateur; ASTIPULATION. Estipular. Sp. To contract, to bargain, to covenant or agree See STIPULATION. In whiche examinacion he [Sir W. Stanley] nothinge denyed, but wysely and seriously did astipulate and agree to all thinges layed to hys charge, if he were in any of theim culpable or blame worthy.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 10. Shortly, all, but a hateful Epicurus, have astipulated to this truth and if some fancied a transmigration of souls into their bodies; others a passage to the stars, which formerly governed them; others to I know not what Elysian fields; all have pitched upon a separate condition. Bp. Hall. Invisible World, b. ii. I do by my royal authority, confirm to persons of monastical religion, and by the consent and aslipulation of my princes and peers do establish and consign to them that monastery.-Id. Honour of Married Clergy, s. 10. ASTONE. ASTO'NY. ASTO'NIEDNESS. ASTO NYING. ASTONISH. ASTONISHEDLY. ASTONISHING. ASTONISHINGLY. ASTONISHMENT. A. S. Stunian, to stun. Fr. Estonner. To stupefy, to dull, or deaden; to benumb, to daunt, to appal, to abash, to amaze, to confound. See the quotations from Bacon and Burke. Barret in v. Benumming uses Astoniedness. And anoon alle the puple seynge Jhesus was astonyed and thei dredden, and thei rennynge gretten him. Wiclif. Mark, c. 9. No wonder is though that she be astoned, Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8192. And with that word, the arwes in the cas Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2363. Be astonyshed (O ye heauës), be afrayde, and abashed at soch a thinge, sayethe the Lorde. For my people hath done two euels.-Bible, 1539. Jeremy, c. 2. I am sore vexed for the hurt of the daughter of my people; I am heauy, and astonishment hathe taken me. Geneva. Bible. Jeremiah, c.8. He [Hor. Cocles] so bent his sword and target in their verie faces, resolute to encounter with them hand to hand, that even with his wonderfull hardines and incredible courage he astonied and amazed his enemies. Holland. Livy, p. 50. The fatal trespass don by Eve, amaz'd, But all sat mute, Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; and each Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Was it, that thy amazedness as yet received not the purposed issue of this seizure, and astonishedly waited for the success? was it, that though Judas were more faulty, yet Malchus was more imperiously cruel? Bp. Hall. Contemplations. For astonishment, it is caused by the fixing of the minde upon one object of cogitation, whereby it doth not spatiate and transcurre, as it useth.-Bacon. Nat. History, § 720. Princes, Potentates, Warriors, the flow'r of heav'n, once yours, now lost, Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i. Milton's plan did not admit any characters; but most of those whom he has introduced are formed and discriminated with consummate propriety. Satan is astonishingly superior to all other fiends.-Beattie. Modern Science, vol. ii. Astonishment is that state of the soul, in which all its motions are suspended, with some degree of horror. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful. ASTOUND. Tooke (vol. i. p. 471) conASTOUND, ad. siders the adverb Astound to be the past part. Estonné (Estonned) of the French verb Estonner (now written Etonner), to astonish. But the more immediate derivation perhaps is from the verb Astone, Astoned; Aston'd, Astound. See ASTONE. Atte laste myd a denchax me smot hym to grounde And with this word she fell to ground At first, heard solemn thro' the verge of heaven Thomson. Summer. A'STRAL. Astrum; Gr. AσTηp, a star. Whatever hurt befalls them in these astral bodies, as the Paraclesians love to call them, the same is inflicted upon their terrestrial.-H. More. Immort. of the Soul, b. iii. c. 12. This latter sort of infidels have often admitted those matters of fact, which we Christians call miracles, and yet have endeavoured to solve them by astral operations, and other ways not here to be specified. ASTRANGLE. Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 161. See To STRANGLE. "I wene," (quod I) "right little grace to me she deliuered. Certes it was hard grace, it hath nigh me astrangled. Chaucer. The Test. of Loue, b. iii. Distraught (qv.) or dis ASTRAUGHT. tracted; terrified. [Caramandus] saw in his slepe the likenesse of a woma with a grim and terrible contenance, which saide she was a goddesse; at her syght he was so astraught [exterritus], that of his own mynde vnrequested, he made peace with ye Massiliens.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 179. You wer vtterly astraunged from the title and felowship of the nacion of Jewes, vnto whome he semed to be peculyarlye promised.-Udal. Ephesians, c. 2. ASTRAY. Astræged, past part. of the A. S. verb, Strægan, to stray, to scatter, (Tooke, i. 468.) The vngodly are frowarde, euen from their mother's wombe; as soone as they be borne, they go a straye and speake lyes.-Bible, 1539. Psalm 58. First euery day, beseech thy God on knee, May seeme the waine was very cuill led, When such an one had guiding of the way; Chace from our minds the infernal foe, ASTRICT, v. ASTRICTIVE. Beattie. The Hermit. Fr. Astriction; It. Astrignente; Sp. Astringente; Lat. Astringere, Astrictum, Astringens, to straiten, (Ad(stringere, of unsettled etymology.) To make strict or strait; to tighten, to draw tight or close; to bind, to contract. As fier beyng eclosed in a straite place, wil by force vtter his flame, & as ye course of water astricted & letted wil flow & brust out in continuauce of tyme: so thys cacard croco dyle, & subtile serpet, could not log lurk in malicious hartes, nor venemous stomackes, but in conclusion she must (acoording to her nature) appere & shew herself. Hall. Hen. VI. an. 37. As well they as al other the subjectes of the realme of Fraunce, were most astringed, obliged and bounde to your highnes. They reconned and accompted them selfes, all thair successours, and posteritie, to be perpetually astringed, and bounde to beere unto your grace thair herty service. State Papers. Wolsey to Hen. VIII. 1527. The moister any thing is, the softer also it is found to be: semblably, given it is to cold, to astringe and congeal it followeth therefore of necessity, that whatsoever is most astrict and congealed, as is the truth, is likewise the coldest. Holland. Plutarch, p. 819. Teares are caused by a contraction of the spirits of the brain; which contraction by consequence astringeth the moisture of the brain, and thereby sendeth teares into the eyes.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 714. Being sodden, it is astrictive, and will strengthen a weake stomacke; and eaten raw, it bindeth the belly, and stayeth the laske.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 8. The naked braunches and bunches whereupon there were grapes have an astrictive vertue.-Id. Ib. b. xxiii. c. 1. Among those medicines which they call stypticke or astringent, there is not a better thing than to boile the root of this blackberrie bramble to the thirds; and, namely, to make a collution therewith to wash the cankers or sores breeding in the mouth.-Id. Ib. b. xxiv. c. 13. For astriction prohibiteth dissolution: as we see generally in medicines, whereof such as are astringents do inhibit putrefaction: and by the same reason of astringency, some small quantity of oil of vitriol will keep fresh water long from putrifying.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 342. So of marriage he is the author and the witness; yet hence will not follow any divine astriction more than what is subordinate to the glory of God, and the main good of either party.-Milton. Doctrine of Divorce, b. i. c. 13. Do not the words astringent, narcotic, epispastic, caustic, and innumerable others, signify qualities of bodies, which are known only by their effects upon animal bodies? Reid. Inquiry, c. 6. s. 5. See ASTRIDE. ASTRA'DDLE. On stride, on straddle. And yet for all that, rode astride on a beast, A'STROIT. Gr. Aσrpov, a star. A stone sparkling like a star. As touching astroites, manie make great account of it; and such as have written more diligently thereof, doe report, that Zoroaster has highly commended it, and told wonders thereof in art magicke.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 9. The little astroits doubtful race, For starry rays, and pencil'd shades admir'd. Jago. Edge Hill, b. iv. A'STROLABE. › Fr. Astrolabe; It. AstroASTRO'LABY. labio; Sp. Astrolabio, from AσTηp, a star, and λaußaveiv, to take. A flat round instrument, whereby the several motions of heavenly bodies, and the length, height, and breadth of any other thing, may be discerned and found out, (Cotgrave.) The firste partye of this treatise shall rehearse the figures, and the members of thine astrolaby, bycause that thou shalt haue the greater knowing of thyne owne instrument. Chaucer. Astrolabie. She sende for hym, and he came, With hym his astrolabe he name; With pointes and circles merueilous, Whiche was of fine gold precious.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi. And herein were the Portugals very prosperous, one of whose princes brought first into use the astrolabe, and tables of declination, with other arithmetical and astronomical rules applicable to navigation.-Evelyn. Navigation, § 29. Liv'd Tycho now, struck with this ray which shone More bright i' th' morn, than others beam at noon, He'd take his astrolabe, and seek out here What new star 'twas did gild our hemisphere. Dryden. On the Death of Lord Hastings. Though there had been no political relations, this very astronomical miracle had been enough to fetch them to Jerusalem; that they might see the man, for whose sake the sun forsook his place, or the shadow forsook the sun. Bp. Hall. Contemplations. Hezekiah sick. Images astronomically framed under certain constellations to preserve from several inconveniences, as under the sign of the Lion the figure of a Lion made in gold, against Id. Cases of Conscience, Dis. 3. c. 2. melancholic fancies, dropsie, plague, fevers. And, what was ominous, that very morn Dryden. Hind & Panther. Why should he halt at either station? why Blackmore. Creation, b. ii. The art "which teacheth by the motions, configurations, and influences of the signs, stars, and celestial planets, to prognosticate of the natural effects and mutations to come in their elements, and their inferior and elementary bodies."- Qua- versant in astronomical matters and dimensions. dripartite, i. 1. I nam but a leude compilatour of the labour of old astrologiens, and haue it translated in mine English only for thy doctrine, and with this swerd shal I slene enuy. Chaucer. Astrolabie. The above named astrologers affirmed, that a man could not possibly passe the space of 90 degrees from the ascendent, or erection of his nativities.-Id. Ib. c. 49. It may be to good purpose, to set downe and prescribe certain rules, by the scale and square whereof astrologicall observations may be examined; that what is fruitful may be retained; what is frivolous, rejected. Bacon. On Learning. By Wats, 1640. Plutarch interprets astrologically that tale of Mars and Venus.-Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 443. The Marquess of Huntly was in the king's interests; but would not join with him, though his sons did: astrology ruined him; he believed the stars, and they deceived him. Burnet. Own Time, b. i. But Chaucer was likewise an astrologer, as were Virgil, Horace, Persius, and Manilius.-Dryden. Pref. to Fables. On which was written Many rare pithy saws concerning, The worth of astrologic learning.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. Since God did not make them [the stars], nor any thing else in the world, singly for themselves alone, but also to contribute to the publick good of the universe, their physical influence seeming inconsiderable, they knew not well what else could be worthy of them, unless it were to portend human events. This indeed is the best sence that can be made of astrological prognostication; but it is a business that stands upon a very weak and tottering, if not impossible, foundation.-Cudworth. Intel. System, p. 5. More wonders typical impress the sky, Brook. Man of Lawe's Tale, modernized. This was also for the sake of such as are not very con Derham. Astro-Theology, Prel. Discourse. The old ascetick Christians found a paradise in a desert, and with little converse on earth, held a conversation in heaven; thus they astronomized in caves; and, though they beheld not the stars, had the glory of heaven before them.-Brown. Christ. Mor. ii. 9. My opinion of astronomy has always been, that it is not the best medium through which to prove the agency of an intelligent Creator: but that this being proved, it shows, beyond all other sciences, the magnificence of his creations. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 22. ASTRUCTIVE, Adstruo, Adstructum. opposed by Hall to Destructive. Well Our Henry Hotspur next, for high achievement meet, Who with the thund'ring noise of his swift courser's feet Astunn'd the earth, that day, that he in Holmdon's strife Took Douglas, with the Earls of Angus and of Fife. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, Song 18 The vain stroke from such an height, With such a force impell'd, headlong drew down The unwieldy champion; on the solid ground, He fell rebounding; breathless and astunn'd, His trunk extended lay. Somerville. Hobbinol, ASTUTE. Lat. Astutus, from the Gr. AOT a city. As Urbanus is applied to those who hay the polished manners of an inhabitant of a cit Urbe); so Astutus appears to have been applied to those who are distinguished for the subtilty and circumspection of an inhabitant of a city, (ASTO). The use of this word, and its sub-derivatives in mess, and ly, is, at this time, much affected. We term those most astute which are most versute. ASUNDER. On sunder. Me think els a wonder, bot he salle do grete wo, And til a wicked death him take R. Brunne, p. 174. Others acknowledge, that there is indeed moral good and er but they want some criterion, or mark, by the help of which they might know them asunder. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 1. There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart: That fails asunder at the touch of fire.-Cowper. Task, b. ii. ASWE'VED. A. S. Swef-ed, Swefian, sopire, to bring asleep. See SWEVYN. Fer so astenied and aswened Was every vertue in me heued. Chaucer. The House of Fame, b. ii. c. 4. "See the quo ASWOON. The past part. Asuand, Asuond, of the verb Suanian, Aswunan, deficere animo, Tooke, i. 471.) But see SwOON. tation from Gower in v. Astound. In a swoon, stupor, faint, trance. The deal that made Innogen, no tonge ne telle ne may The shright this faucon yet more pitously Chaucer. The Squiere's Tale, v. 10,788. ASYLUM Fr. Asyle; It. Asilo; Sp. Asylo; Lat. Asylum; Gr. Arvλov. Ab, a, priv. et Guan, and est spolium; quia, eo qui confugissent, hos spoliare non liceret, (Vossius.) Because those who fled to them were secure from harm. the quotations. See The first asylum, some say, was built at Athens by the Heraclde, and was a refuge for those that fled from the moression of their fathers: others will have this to be a mary for all sorts of suppliants. Potter. Antiquities, b. ii. c. 2. Romulus for to increase the number of inhabitants (acweding to the old practice of the founders of cities, who by bering about them the base multitude and obscure, ned that they were an offspring borne out of the earth,) set up a sanctuarie or lawlesse church, called asylum. Holland. Livius, p. 7. Here they [foxes] bred; from hence they infested the ry; and to this inaccessible asylum they retreated in the bar of alarm.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. Wherefore it cannot possibly otherwise be but that the finiteness, scantness, and imperfection of our narrow understandings, must make them assymetral or incommensurate, to that which is absolutely and infinitely perfect. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 640. Quantities compared with respect to such a measure are by geometricians wont to be called symmetrous or assymetrous, i. e. commensurable or incommensurable. Barrow. Math. Lectures, Lec. 15. A'SYMPTOTE. Comp. of Gr. a, not, auv, with, and TITTEw, to fall. That never falls in with, or upon: applied to lines in Geometry. Is not the whole doctrine of asymptotical lines thus effectually overthrown;-a doctrine, indeed, wonderful, but no less certain than any other part of geometry. Barrow. Math. Lectures, Lect. 9. AT. This preposition is usually derived from the Latin Ad. Skinner says, At, ab; A. S. Et, ad, apud, utr. a Lat. Ad. In our old writers we find applications of the word differing from those in modern use. Thus, in Robert of Gloucester, At stonde, and at holde; now, with-stand, and with-hold. In Chaucer, to see at eye, i. e. with eye, &c. By Wilkins it is used to denote, touching by approach the surface; in opposition to from, touching on departure the opposite edge or surface. At may thus be said to be used to denoteNear approach, nearness or proximity, adjunction or conjunction, association or consociation, connection, consequence. [They] fogte and slowe much folk, for no mon hem at stod. Erles, barons, inowe mad him ther feaute And Jhesus answerde and seyde to hem, a unfeithful generacioun and weyward: hou longe schal I be at you, and suffre you?-Id. Luke, c. 9. And dwelle ye in the same hous etinge and drynkynge tho thingis that been at hem, for a werkman is worthi his hire, nyle ye passe fro hous into hous.-Id. Ib. c. 10. I speke tho thingis that I saigh at my fadir; and ye doen tho thingis that ye saighen at youre fadir. Id. Ion. c. 8. Therfore we iustified of feith haue we pees at god bi oure lord ihesu crist.-Id. Romayns, c. 5. Be ghe no thing bisi, but in al preier and bisechyng with doyng of thankyngis be ghoure axyngis knowun at god. Id. Filipensis, c. 4. For all the field was but of sand Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,768. A, Seinte Mary, benedicite What aileth this love at me To binde me so sore? Neither is there any ataxie to be feared in bringing in this distinction, betwixt pastors and the flock: it is an eutaxie, rather; and such, as without which, nothing could ensue, but confusion. Bp. Hall. Epis. by Divine Right, pt. iii. § 1, A'THEISM. A'THEIST, N. A'THEIST, adj. ATHEISTICAL. ATHEISTICALLY. ATHEISTICALness. ATHEISTICK. A'THEIZE. A'THEOUS. Fr. Athéisme; It. Ateismo; Sp. Atheismo; Lat. Atheos; Gr. Aleos, from a, priv. and feos, God. See DEITY, and the quotation from Bacon. Atheologian rests upon the authority of Hayward. It appeareth in nothing more, that atheisme is rather in the lip, than in the heart of man, than by this; that atheists will ever be talking of that their opinion, as if they fainted in it, within themselves, and would be glad to be strengthened by the consent of others: nay more, you shall have atheists strive to get disciples, as it fareth with other sects: and, which is most of all, you shall have of them that will suffer for atheisme, and not recant; whereas if they did truly thinke that there were no such thing as God, why should they trouble themselves?-Bacon. Essay. Of Atheisme. Nor stood unmindful Abdiel to annoy Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi. There is no knowledge, whereof God is not the author. He would never have bestowed any gift, that should lead us away from himself. It is an ignorant conceit, that enquiry into nature should make them atheistic. Bp. Hall. Contemplations. The Sages & Star. Nay, there are some vile things, which, through the evil discoursings and worse manners of men, are passed into an artificial and false reputation, and men are accounted wits for talking atheistically, and valiant for being murderers. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 2. Lord purge and powerfully work out of all hearts that profaneness and atheisticalness, those sacrilegious thirsts and enormous violations of all that is holy. Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 500. This passionate love of folly, [is] improved into an habitual, steddy course of atheisticallness, a deliberate, peremptory, final reprobating of Heaven (the purity at once, and the bliss of it).-Id. Ib. vol. iv. p. 580. If there be not devotion enough in our bosom to make God ours, in vain shall we hope to stand before our enemies. This only, whatsoever the profane heart of atheous men may imagine, this is the great ordnance, which can batter down the walls of our enemies, yea the very black gates of hell itself.-Bp. Hall. Ser. Defeat of Cruelly. Thy father, who is holy, wise, and pure, Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i. We shall now make a diligent search and enquiry, to see if we can find any other philosophers who atheized before Democritus and Leucippus, as also what form of atheism they entertained.-Cudworth. Intell. System, p. 111. These men were indeed the first atheizers of this ancient atomick physiology, or the inventors and broachers of the atomick atheism.-Id. Ib. Pref. They of your society [Jesuits,] as they took their original from a soldier, so they are the only atheologians, whose heads entertain no other object but the tumult of realms; whose doctrine is nothing but confusion and bloodshed. Hayward. Answ. to Doleman, c. 9. Speculative atheism is unreasonable, and that upon these five accounts: 1. Because it gives no tolerable account of the existence of the world. 2. Nor does it give any reasonable account of the universal consent of mankind in this apprehension, that there is a God. 3. It requires more evidence for things than they are capable of. 4. The Atheist pretends to know that which no man can know. 5. Atheism. contradicts itself.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 1. The epicureans did conceit and boast, that having, by their atheistical explications of natural effects and common events here, discarded the belief and dread of religion, they had laid a strong foundation for tranquillity of mind, had driven away all the causes of grief and fear, so that nothing then Id. The Rime of Sire Thopas, v. 13,715. remained troublesome or terrible unto us. And he that thought to deceiue It shulde semen at hir eie, As thou she verily seie God Anubus.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. A'TAXY. ATαția, from a, priv. and Taĝis, order. Disorder, irregularity. Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 3. After this manner, authority working in a circle, they endeavoured to atheize one another. Bp. Berkley. The Minute Philosopher, Dial. 2. Where England, stretch'd towards the setting sun, Narrow and long, o'erlooks the western wave, Dwelt young Misagathus; a scorner he Of God and goodness, atheist in ostent, Vicious in act, in temper savage, fierce. P Couper. Task, b. vi. |