commissam, from pænit-ere, to grieve, or be pained, or a fault committed. See PENAL.

Having or feeling no pain; no grief or sorrow or a fault committed; careless, reckless of the consequences of sin; remorseless, uncontrite.

And he that finally dieth impenitent, as diuers wedded reeres dye in their lechery: or he that after Tindale's docrine, repenteth without care of thrifte, & dyeth in a false eresie against his holye howsell: suche folkes be finally eprobates foreknowě vnto God before ye world was wrought, hat they would finally for impenitence fall vtterly to naught. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 573.

Spiritually there is never a perfect calm but after a mpest; the wind and earthquake and fire make way for he soft voice. But I pity the flatteries and self applauses Ta careless and impenitent heart.-Bp. Hall, Sol. 11.

.

He punishes one sin with another, vile acts with evil abits, these with a hard heart, and with obstinacy, and obinacy with impenitence, and impenitence with damnation. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 8. Let us, therefore, amend our lives with all speed; lest rough impenitency we run into that stupidity, which we ow seek all means so warily to avoid, the worst of superstions, and the heaviest of all God's judgments, Popery.

Milton. Of True Religion. The condition required of us is a constellation of all the ospel graces, every one of them rooted in the heart, though ixed with much weakness, and perhaps with many sins, they be not wilfully and impenitently lived and died in.

Hammond.

The sum of what I have said, is this, That if no man does, or can repent, without such a degree of God's grace as nnot be resisted, no man's repentance is commendable, or is one man's impenitence more blameable than another's; horazin and Bethsaida can be in no more fault for contiling impenitent, than Tyre and Sidon were. Tillotson, vol. ii. Ser. 119. Every wilful sinner who adds impenitency to his sin, comits the sin unto death; because there is no other condition pardon allow'd by the Gospel without true repentance. Stillingfleet, vol. iv. Ser. 1.

The dispensation of the Gospel, though it he unspeakably ore benign, more gracious, more encouraging to the good id virtuous, is, at the same time, more awful, more terriing, to resolved impenitent sinners, than the dispensation nature.-Hurd. Works, vol. vi. Ser. 5.

IM-PERCEIVED. IMPERCEIVABLE. IMPERCEIVABLENESS. IMPERCEPTIBLE. IMPERCEPTIBLY. IMPERCEPTIBLENESS. IMPERCEPTION.

ere,

If we declare our meaning in the form of a wish, it is called the optative; if in the form of a command or request, it is the imperative.-Beattie. Moral Science, pt. i. c. 1. s. 3 Im, (priv.) and perceive. Fr. Appercevoir, from the Lat. Per-cipto take up wholly, to comprehend, (per, and capere, to take.) Imperceived, usually written unperceived,(qv.) Imperceivable, or imperceptible, that cannot, may not be perceived, comprehended, distinguished, discerned, seen; incomprehensible, undistinguishable, invisible.

IMPERCEPTIVE.

Strange play of Fate! when mightiest human things
Hang on such small imperceptible things.

Cowley. The Davideis, b. iv.

Many excellent things there are in nature, which were very well worth our knowledge, but yet, as hath been said, either by reason of their remoteness from us, unaccessibleness to them, subtilty and imperceptibleness to us, either are not at all suspected to be, or are not so much as within any of our faculties to apprehend or discover what they are. Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 18.

The child remov'd imperceptibly from the left arm to the right, and the man fell stark dumb since: thus went the tradition there.-Howe, b. i. s. 5. Let. 11.

He [Hobbes] seemed to think that the Universe was God, and that Souls were material, Thought being only subtile and imperceptible motion.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1661.

Then finding the bladder to be plumped up, we would have tied up the contained air, but could not do it by reason of an imperceived hole.-Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 620.

There is yet another way by which a temptation arrives to its highest pitch or proper hour; and that is by a long train of gradual, imperceivable encroaches of the flesh upon the

IMPERATE. IMPERATIVE. IMPERATIVELY. IMPERATORY.

Beaumont. Psyche, c. 16. s. 19. Fr. Impératif; It. and Sp. Imperativo; Lat. Imperativus, from imperare. See IMPERY. Imperative, that can or ay command, order, or enjoin; commanding, rdering.

IMPERATO'RIAL.

Imperate acts,-
‚—see the quotation from Hale.

Ne, when it is an aduerbe of forbidding, may be indiffentlye ioyned with a verbe of the subiunctiue mode or els the imperatiue.-Udal. Flowres, fol. 114.

I find that the remotest muscle in my body moves at the ›mmand of my will, and since I see the energy of my soul every particle of my body, though not using intellectual ctions in every part, yet using some that are imperate, as cal motion; some that are natural and involuntary, as the ulse of my heart, the circulation of my blood, my digeson, sanguification, distribution, augmentation.

Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 22.

Special providence in relation to the acts themselues, are hose special actings of the divine power and will, whereby e acts either in things natural or moral, not according to he rules of general providence, but above, or besides, or gainst them: and these I call the imperate acts of divine rovidence.-Id. Ib. c. 1. p. 36.

The suits of kings are imperative.

Bp. Hall. Cont. David with Bathsheba and Uriah.
Ile make thee

Amongst the Gods of glorious degree

Guide of men's waies, and theirs. And will impart
To thee the mightie imperatorie art.

And this imperceiveableness of the impressions made upon our souls by the Holy Spirit, was that which our Saviour signified to Nicodemus, in the third of St. John, by the similitude of a wind, which, saith he, we hear the sound of; but we know not whence it cometh, nor whither it goeth. Sharp, vol. iii. Ser. 5. He [Agricola] moulded that fierce nation by degrees to soft and social customs; leading them imperceptibly into a fondness for baths, for gardens, for grand houses, and all the commodious elegancies of a cultivated life.

Burke. Abridgment of English History, b. i. c. 3. Thus both conceived perceptivity to arise from a certain combination or aggregation of imperceptive particles, and that there was nothing existent which was not originally and separately imperceptive, that is corporeal.

Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. i. c. 9.

Why then may not a spirit, that has subtiler fingers than the finest matter, I mean the spirit of Nature, lay hold on that imperceptive part of the soul, or on the soul itself, in the state of silence of imperception, and by the sympathy and coactivity of its own essence carry her away to such services as either herself had deserved or the universe required.-H. More. Philos. Writings, Pref. General.

IM-PE'RDIBLE. Į Lat. In, (priv.) and perIMPERDIBILITY. Sdible, from the Lat. Perdere, perhaps from the Gr. Пepe-ew, to lay waste or destroy.

Not to be destroyed or wasted, indestructible. But as they [wisdom and knowledge] are harder in their acquisition, so are they more imperdible and steady in their stay.-Feltham. Something upon Eccles. ch. ii. v. 11.

Neither are those precious things of greater use to the

making of vessels and utensils, unless some little niceties and curiosities, by means of their beauty, imperdibility, and ductility.-Derham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 9. Note 5.

All which stand

In awe of thy high imperatory hand.

Id. Ib.

For all thyng that is cleaped imparfite is proued imparfile, by the amenusyng of perfection of the thyng that is parfite. Chaucer. Boecius, b. iii.

We as men stumble and terme it otherwise then we shuld, that is no incöueniéce in the misterie, but an imperfection in vs that be not able to expresse it.

Bp. Gardner. Explication. Transubstantiation, fol. 135. Neither were their dedes which they dyd after they were receaued vnder grace sufliciet in themselues to fulfill the law of the present time, saue as Christes merites did supply ye imperfectnes of the, and yt which was lackyng on their part through their infirmities.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 400. A thousand times, O happy he

Who doth his passions so subdue That he may with clear Reason's eye Their imperfection's fountains view, That so he may himselfe renew.

Let me have no life but in Thee, no care but to enjoy Thee, no ambition but Thy glory; Oh make me thus imperfectly happy before my time; that when my time shall be no more, I may be perfectly happy with Thee in all eternitie. Bp. Hall. Occasional Meditations, Med. 91.

As Nilus sudden ebbing, here
Doth leave a scale, and a scale there,
And somewhere else perhaps a fin,
Which by his stay had fishes been:
So dreams, which overflowing be.
Departing leave half things, which wee
For their imperfectnesse can call
But joyes i' th' fin, or in the scale.

Cartwright. A Dream Broke.
Then say not Man's imperfect, Heaven in fault :
Say rather, Man's as perfect as he ought:
His knowledge measur'd to his state and place,
His time a moment, and a point his space.

Pope. Essay on Man, Epist. 1. Go, wiser thou! and in thy scale of sense, Weigh thy opinion against Providence; Call imperfection what thou fancy'st such; Say, here he gives too little, there too much.-Id. Ib. I have more than once had thoughts of a kind of project for the advancement of experimental philosophy, consisting of such heads as these: A summary account of what is attained already. The imperfectness of our present attainments, &c.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 424.

The rights called, in contradistinction to the former class, imperfect, are necessary to the happiness of Society, and in themselves most sacred, but cannot be vindicated by force or by legal prosecution. Such is a benefactor's right to the gratitude of the person to whom he has done good; the poor man's right to charity; and the right which all men have to the common offices of humanity.

Beattie. Moral Science, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 1.

The Greek, Latin, and several other languages use declension. The English, French, and Italian do not; or, at most, use it very imperfectly.-Blair, vol. i. Lect. 8.

IM-PERFORATE. Lat. In, (priv.) and per-
IMPERFORATED. Sforare, to bore through.
Without, or not having, a hole.

Sometimes children are born imperforate: in which case a small puncture, dressed with a tent, effects the cure. Sharp. Operations in Surgery.

As it happeneth sometimes in imperforated persons. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 16. IM-PE'RIL, v. Also Em. ConsequentiallyTo risk, to hazard, to endanger.

Will I imperil the innocence and candour of the author, by this calumny?—B. Jonson. Magnetic Lady

IM-PERISHABLE. See EMPERISH. In, (priv.) and perish, (qv.) Lat. Per-ire; Fr. Impérissable,

That can or may not be perished, wasted, decayed or destroyed.

Now we find this our empyreal form
Incapable of mortal injurie,
Imperishable, and though pierc'd with wound
Soon closing, and by native vigour heal'd.

Millon. Paradise Lost, b. vl.

IM-PERMANENT. In, (priv.) and perIMPERMANENCE. Smanent, from permanere, (per, and manere, to last, or stay,) to stay or continue, through or to the end.

Unsteadiness or instability.

We conclude, That Adam is here condemned to a mortal, flitting and impermanent state, till he reach his æthereal or pure fiery vehicle.-H. More. Def. of Phil. Cab. c. 3.

We learn to draw the cure of the venome out of the bowels of the beast itself, distilling out of the serious contemplation of the mutability of all worldly happiness, a remedy against the evil of that ficklenes and impermanency.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Treat. 6. s. 2.

IM-PERSEVERANT. Imperseverant may mean no more than perseverant, like imbosomed, impassioned, immasked, (Steevens.)

Not beneath him in fortunes, beyond him in the aduantage of the time, aboue him in birth, alike conuersant in generall seruices, and more remarkable in single oppositions; yet this imperseuerant thing loues him in my despight. Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 1.

IM-PERSONATE, v. IMPERSONAL.

Lat. In, and personatus, from persona, amask used by actors or players; also applied to the actor or player; to the character acted of man or woman; to the man or woman. See PERSON.

IMPERSONALLY.

IMPERSONALITY.

IMPERSONATION.

To impersonate, or personify,-to invest with a person; with the corporal or bodily substance of a living creature; to ascribe the qualities of a

person.

In impersonal, ally, and ality, the im is privative. Wher note that verbes impersonalles be oftentimes turned into personalles, and haue a nominatiue case before theim, as, Hæccine te decent.-Udal. Flowres, fol. 11.

It is his impersonality that I complain of, and his invisible attacks. Sir W. Draper on Junius, Let. 4.

The assertion you see is, that the Jews and Christians, as well as the Heathens, impersonated Chance under the name of Fortune.

Warburton. A View of L. Bolingbroke's Philosophy, Let. 3. Some of these masques were moral dramas in form, where the Virtues and Vices were impersonated.

Hurd. Dialogue. On the Age of Queen Elizabeth. In this species of allegory we include the impersonation of Passions, Affections, Virtues, and Vices, &c. on account of which, principally, the following odes were properly termed by their author, allegorical.

Langhorne. Observations on the Odes of Collins.

IM-PERTINENT.

IMPERTINENTLY.

IMPERTINENCE.

IMPERTINENCY.

and

Fr. Impertinent; It. Sp. Impertinente; Lat. Impertinens; (in, priv. and pertinens, per, and tenere, which Vossius derives from the Gr. Tew-ew, to stretch or reach: and pertinere, to stretch or reach through.)

Not pertinent or pertaining to; not reaching, touching, affecting, or belonging to; unimportant, irrelative, immaterial; consequentially, trifling, frivolous; unfit, unsuitable, unbecoming; acting unfitly, unsuitably, unbecomingly, and consequentially, unmannerly,―rude, pert, saucy.

An trewely, as to my jugement
Methinketh it a thing impertinent,
Save that he wol conveyen his matere.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Prologue, v. 7930.

Where it will not be impertinent to shewe the maner of their hunting the Seal which they make this oyle of. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 478.

But set the case, that the Romans would take no knowledge of his coming into Asia, as a matter impertinent unto them can they dissimule also, that now he is come over into Europe with all his forces both for land and sea and little wanteth of making open warre upon the Romanes? Holland. Livivs, p. 347.

Quintius was thought by the Achæans to have spoken not impertinently, but to have answered them both fully.

Id. Ib. p. 917.

If we engage into a large acquaintance and various familiarities, we set open our gates to the invaders of most of our time: we expose our life to a quotidian ague of frigid impertinencies, which would make a wise man tremble to think of.-Cowley. Ess. Of Obscurity.

Ans. Yes, the time is taken up with a tedious number of liturgical tautologies and impertinencies.

Milton. Animad. upon Rem. Def.

But he that hath been often told his fault,
And still persists, is as impertinent
As a musician that will always play,
And yet is always out at the same note.

Roscommon. Horace. Art of Poetry.

likewise is wit and impertinency.-Sharp, vol. iv. Ser. 18. Wit and profaneness are infinitely different things, as

But what puts the satyric purpose of the Rime of Sir Topaz out of all question is, that this short Poem is so managed as, with infinite humour, to expose the leading impertinencies of books of chivalry.

Hurd. On Chivalry & Romance, Let. 11.

Hyppolytus; whose Chorus, throughout, bears a very idle Let us examine one of the best of his Plays, I mean the sings impertinently.-Id. Ib. Notes on the Art of Poetry. and uninteresting part, hath no share in the action, and IM-PERTRANSIBILITY. Lat. In, per, through. trans-ire; in, (priv.) and trans-ire, to pass over or

Impossibility to be passed over or through.

[I have] willingly declined those many other ingenious reasons given by others (against the eternity of mankind,) as of the impertransibility of eternity, and the impossibility therein to attain to the present term or limit of antecedent generations, or Ages, &c.

Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 110. IM-PERTURBATION. in, (priv.) per, and turbatus; turbare; Gr. Tupßn; Lat. Imperturbatus, a mob, crowd, or multitude. See To DISTURB. Indisturbance, and, consequentially,— Quietude, tranquillity, calmness.

Wherefore in our copying of this equality and imperturbation, we must profess with the Apostle, we have not received the spirit of the World, but the spirit which is of God; not in the learned words of Man's wisdom, but the doctrine of the Holy Ghost.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Treat. 19. s. 2. IM-PE'RVIOUS. Lat. Impervius, in, (priv.) IMPERVIOUSLY. and pervius, having a way IMPERVIOUSNESS. through, passable; per, and via, a vehendo, quâ ire potest vehiculum, (Voss.) That has no way through, impassable; that has no path or passage through; impenetrable.

The heart of man what art can e'er reveal?
A wall impervious between

Divides the very parts within,

And doth the heart of man ev'n from itself conceal.
Cowley. Ode upon Dr. Harvey.
But lest the difficulty of passing back
Stay his return, perhaps, over this gulfe
Impassable, impervious, let us try
Advent'rous work.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. X.

Let them declare by what mysterious arts
He shot that body through th' opposing might
Of bolts and bars impervious to the light,
And stood before His train confess'd in open sight.

Dryden. The Hind and the Panther. He wants no mail of proof whose skin was made Impervious to the javelin, dart, or blade.

I'MPERY. IMPERIAL.

Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xli. See EMPIRE. Fr. Impérial; It. Imperiale: Sp. Imperial; Lat. Imperialis, from imperium; that from imperIMPERIOUSNESS. are, (in, and parare, to make other to get ready. ready,) i. e. ut paret, mandare, to command an

IMPERIOUS. IMPERIOUSLY.

I saw perpetually ystalled

Fabyan, c. 160.

But as a riuer from a mountaine running,
The further he extends, the greater growes,
And by his thriftie race strenthens his streame,
Euen to ioyne battell with th' imperious sea.
Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 61.

Harke O ye Leuites & prestes: be ye säctified and mate cleane the house of the Lorde the God of your fathers, and put awaie all vncleanes from the sanctuarie, &c. I prai yuc what could he speke more imperiousli.

Bp. Gardner. Of True Obedience, l. 13. Most sacred vertue she of all the rest, Resembling God in His imperiall might; Whose soueraigne power is herein most exprest, That both to good and bad He dealeth right, And all His workes with justice doth bedight.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c.1.

The greatest news I can write to you is, of a bloody barquet that was lately at Leige, where a great faction was a fomenting twixt the imperialists and those that were de voted to France.-Howell, b. i. s. 6. Let. 30.

His surname, [Siveyer] so contemptible in English, sounds imperially and episcopally when Latinized (Severus) Fuller. Worthies. Durden.

Next after her, the winged God himselfe
Came riding on a lion rauenous,

Taught to obey the menage of that elfe,
That man and beast with powre imperious
Subdueth to his kingdome tyrannous.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b.5.
From heart of very heart, great Hector, welcome.
Hect. I thanke thee, most imperious Agamemnon.
Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Activ, se i

A place there is, where proudly rais'd there stands A huge aspiring rock neighb'ring the skies, Whose surly brow imperiously commands The sea his bounds, that at his proud feet lies. Daniel. Civil War, bi We know how to bear humble minds in eminence f places, how to command without imperiousnesse, and comply without exposing our places to contempt.

Bp. Hall. Episcopacy by Divine Right, pt. î. }\ When empire first from families did spring, Then every father govern'd as a king: But you, that are a sovereign prince, allay Imperial power with your paternal sway.

Dryden. To his Sacred Mouth Think not my judgement leads me to comply With laws unjust, but hard necessity: Imperious need, which cannot be withstood, Makes ill authentic for a greater good.

Id. The Hind and the Panter The Earl of Strafford continued to press the States come into the queen's measures, which it was said be naged with great imperiousness.

Burnet. Own Time, an
Where is the glory of imperial sway,
If subjects none but just commands obey.

Churchill. The Candidat The unhappy Philosopher of Malmsbury, scorning to argut upon the matter, imperiously pronounced, that he whe sumed to propagate Religion in a society without the leave of the magistrate, was guilty of the crime of lese majesty, zi introducing a power superior to the Leviathan's.

Warburton. The Divine Legation, biki He [Swift] apparently flattered his own arrogance by assumed imperiousness, in which he was ironical only to th resentful, and to the submissive sufficiently serious. Johnson. The Life of Surfi

IM-PEST, v. In, and pest.
To fill with pestilence or plague, to infect.

So may your hours soft-sliding steal away,
Unknown to gnarring slander and to bale,
O'er seas of bliss Peace guide her gondelay,
Ne bitter dole impest the passing gale.

Pitt. Epistles. Imitation of Spenser

And I shall always assign my prayers towards the imperating that of God, that this penitential satisfaction may be > much blessed, as to restore some value of time thither, here I am to account for so much idle dissipation of it. Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Pref.

I may better intitle this, an expiatory offering, than a prociatory, the first being an order to the discharge of a debt, e last to the impetration of some favour.-Id. Ib.

In those better blessings, earnestness of desire, and ferour of prosecution, was never but answered with a gracious petration.-Bp. Hall. Balm of Gilead, c. 4. s. 6.

Thy prayers, which were most perfect and impetrative, are ey by which our weak and unworthy praiers receive both and favour.-Id. Cont. The Walk upon the Waters.

Now alms are therefore effective to the abolition and paron of our sins, because they are preparatory to, and impeatory of, the grace of repentance, and are fruits of pentance.-Bp. Taylor. Holy Dying, c. 2. s. 3. Which practice [earnest, assiduous prayer] is indeed ubly conducible to this purpose; both in way of impetra, and by real efficacy.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 24.

Violent, precipitate, vehement, sweeping vay whatever is before it," (Cotgrave.)

Their steele-head speares they strongly couch't, and met
Together with impetuous rage and force;

That with the terrour of their fierce affret,
They rudely droue to ground both man and horse,
That each (awhile) lay like a senselesse corse.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 9.

The swiftness and violence of motion is wont to inflame aire that is within stones, yea, and in lead, as cold as it much more then that which is in fire, being whirled out, and turned with so great celerity and impetuosity. Holland. Plutarch, p. 948.

And therewith all at once at him let fly
Their fluttering arrowes, thick as flakes of snowe,
And round about him flocke impetuously,
Like a great water flood.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 11.

The magnanimous and warlick General Hannibal, of whom is said, that he very well knew how to overcome and wage the fury and impetuousness of an enemy, but that he ide no good use of his victories suffering himself afterwards be overtaken by carelessness and neglect.

North. The Life of John Guttemberg, from Thevet, p. 70.

Then, as a falcon from the rocky height,
Her quarry seen, impetuous at the sight,
Forth springing instant darts herself from high,
Shoots on the wings, and skims along the sky.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xiii.

He [Sir William Temple's son] who had no other visible ase of melancholy besides this, went in a boat on the James, near the bridge, where the river runs most impeously, and leaped into the river, and was drowned.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1689.

There being no kind of vice which men would not abandon emselves unto, considering the impetuousness of their own tural appetites, and the power of external temptations, re this restraint from Religion once removed or abolished. Wilkins. Of Natural Religion, b. ii. c. 1.

The quicksilver, by its sudden descent, acquires an impesuperadded to the pressure it has upon the score of its ɔnted gravity.—Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 138.

Is there a passion, whose impetuous force
Disturbs the human breast, and breaking forth
With sad eruptions, deals destruction round,
Like flames convulsive from th' Etnean mole,
But by the magic strains of some soft air

Is harmoniz'd to peace?-Cooper. The Power of Harmony.

Beaten from these shores, the stream of their impetuosity ore towards the northern parts of France, which had been educed to the most deplorable condition by their former vages.-Burke. An Abridg. of English History, b. ii. c. 3.

Whilst in the beauty of those goodly dames,
Wherein wise nature her own skill admires,
He feeds those secret and impiercing flames,
Nurs'd in fresh youth, and gotten in desires.

Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles, b. i.
For neuer felt his impearce'able brest
So wond'rous force from hand of liuing wight:
Yet had he prov'd the powre of many a puissant knight.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11.

Saul did not lend David so impearceable an armour, when he should encounter Goliah, as David now lent him in this plea of his unction.-Bp. Hall. Cont. Saul in David's Cave.

Ungodliness, irreligion, profaneness, unrighteousness; wickedness; neglect, irreverence, contempt of God or of religious duties, of sacred observances.

The noblemen of Cyprus grew so insolent and proud, and

withall so impiously wicked as that they would at their pleasure command both the wiues and children of their poore tenants to serue their vncleane lusts, & holding them in such slauery as though they had beene no better then dogges, would wage them against a grayhound or spaniel. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 309.

O War! begot in Pride and Luxury,
The child of Malice and revengeful Hate
Thou impious good and good impiety,
Thou art the foul refiner of the State.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iv. Ungrateful times! that impiously neglect That worth, that never times again shall show. What! merits all our toil no more respect?—Id. Ib. b. v. Priestcraft grew to be another word in fashion, and the enemies of Religion vented all their impieties under the cover of these words.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1698. 'Twas hence at length just vengeance thought it fit, To speed their ruin by their impious wit. Dryden. Astræa Redux. In the year 1511, William Potier was indicted for saying, There were three Gods, and that he knew not for what Christ's passion, or Baptism, availed; and did abjure. Whether he only spoke these things impiously, or whether he held them in opinion, is not clear.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, vol. i. b. i. pt. i.

For so good a purpose as that of assisting in the common cause of impiety, he [Bolingbroke] thought fit to come out of the clouds, and to attempt a popular vein of writing, as the more likely to get himself read and talked of in the world.-Hurd. Life of Warburton.

They [Job, ch. ii. v. 10.] were the words of Job, at a time when, to his other calamities, this domestic affliction was added, that one who ought to have assuaged and soothed his sorrows provoked his indignation by an impious speech, Blair, vol. iv. Ser. 16,

IMPINGE. Lat. Impingere, (in, and pang-ere, to fix, infix, or drive in,) to strike or dash against. To strike or dash against.

A second [hypothesis] is, that of the ingenious Sir K. Digby, a summary of which is, that things are reserved in the memory by some corporeal exuviæ and material images; which having impinged on the common sense, rebound thence into some vacant cells of the brain, where they keep their ranks and postures in the same order that they entered, till they are again stirr'd up; and then they slide through the fancy, as when they were first presented.

Glanvill. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 4. s. 7.

So cautious and tender was the magistrate (even under this horrid provocation) of violating the rights of Religion in this capital point of mysterious worship; nor did the heat of reformation carry him to impinge upon any other of the nocturnal rites, then celebrated in Rome; such as the mys teries of the Bona Dea.

Warburton. Divine Legation, Pref. to the Edit. of 1758.

In the number of these superstitions is the popular opinion, That God, in the common government of the world, punisheth children for the crimes of their parents: a dispensation peculiar to the Jewish nation; and there indeed

administered with the highest equity: but in the present order of things, not to be employed without impinging ou God's justice.-Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 15.

It hath been shewed in Sir Isaac Newton's Opticks, that light is not reflected by impinging on bodies, but by some other cause.-Bp. Berkeley. Siris, § 222.

IM-PINGUATE. Lat. In, and pinguis, fat. To fatten.

Frictions also do more fill, and impinguate the body than exercise. The cause is, for that in frictions, the inward parts are at rest; which in exercise are beaten (many times) too much.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 877.

IM-PITEOUS. Fr. Impiteux, pitiless, merciless, cruel.

In mean shyppes men scape best in a mean sea, soner than in great carrackes in the waues of the roryng and impiteous seas.-Golden Boke, c. 43.

Bering implacable anger where they pceue theself not accepted & set by, after the worthines of theyr own estimació.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 83.

What calamitie hapned to that moste noble citie of Rome, by the implacabilitie or wrath insaciable, of those two capytaynes, or (as I mought rather say) deuylles? Sir T. Elyot. The Governor, b. ii. c. 6.

"I burne, I burne, I burne," then loud he cryde: "O how I burne with implacable fire!"

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. And meekely stoup vnto the victour strong: Who, to auenge the implacable wrong, Which he supposed donne to Florimell, Sought by all meanes his dolour to prolong, Sith dint of steele his carcass could not queli.

Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 7.
There is most ordinarily much severity, and persecution,
and implacableness and irreconcileableness.
Hale. Cont. vol. i. A Discourse of Religion.

In friendship false, implácable in hate;
Resolv'd to ruin, or to rule the State.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. Want of natural affection, implacableness, unmercifulness, and the like.-South, vol. ii. Ser. 5.

It is no wonder that men of this temper should have worried one another so implacably for Nestorianism, Eutychianism, and such sort of metaphysical points, or blue and green theology.-Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History.

Fortitude, when injury is its object, is forbearance; the one extreme is implacability, an odious and inhuman vice; the other may be called stupidity.

Beattie. Moral Science, vol. i. pt. iii. c. 2.

Whoever takes up life beforehand by depriving himself of rest and refreshment, must not only pay back the hours, but pay them back with usury; and for the gain of a few months but half enjoyed, must give up years to the listlessness of languor, and the implacability of pain.-Rambler, No. 81.

IM-PLANT, v. Į Fr. Implanter; It. ImplanIMPLANTATION. Stare; Lat. In, and plantare, from planta, a plant, (qv.)

To fix or set into, (sc. the earth;) to infix, to insert, to place firmly, rootedly, deeply in.

Oh be Thou such to me, as thou appeardst unto Magdalene; break up the fallowes of my nature, implant me with grace, prune mee with meet corrections, bedew me with the former and latter raine, doe what Thou wilt to make me fruitfull. Bp. Hall. Cont. The Resurrection

Civility, prudence, love of the public good, more than of money or vain honour, are to this soil in a manner outlandish; grow not here, but in minds well implanted with solid and elaborate breeding. Milton. The History of England, b. iii. This [is] more especially by the expressed way of institution or implantation.-Brown. Miscell. p. 48. For Reason still is whispering in your ear, Where you are sure to fail, th' attempt forbear. No need of public sanctions this to bind, Which Nature has implanted in the mind.

Dryden. Persius, Sat. 5.

And lo! behold these talents of their hair
With twisted metal amorously impleach'd,
I have receiv'd from many a several fair.

Shakespeare. A Louer's Complaint. IM-PLEAD. Sometimes Em. Fr. "Emplaider, to sue, to bring an action against," (Cotgrave.) Generally, to accuse.

So that they shall not be bound to come before the justices aforesaid, except any of the same barons doe implead any man, or if any man be impleaded.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 117. Antiquity thought thunder the immediate voice of Jupiter, and implended them of impiety, that referr'd it to naturall causalities. Glanvill. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 12.

Ye envious and deadly malicious, ye impleaders and action threateners, how long shall the Lord suffer you in His house in which dwelleth nothing but peace and charity!

Harmar. Translation of Beza's Sermons, (1587,) p. 176. Muse be advis'd; tis past consid'ring time, When entered once the dangerous lists of rhime Since none the living villains dare implead, Arraign them in the persons of the dead.

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 1.

O Pollio, thou the great defence
Of sad, impleaded innocence,
On whom, to weigh the grand debate,
In deep consult the Fathers wait.

Francis. Horace, b. ii. Ode 1. Such a plea being like a poor conquer'd captive's impleading a victorious sword, absolutely senseless and ridiculous;

it being certainly absurd to resist where it is impossible to conquer or escape.-South, vol. x. Ser. 5.

I'MPLEMENT. Implement, q.d. (says Skinner) implementum, quia implet domum, because it fills the house; or, according to Cowell, from the Fr. Employer, q.d. employemens, ea, (se.) quibus nos exercemus utensilia.

Utensils; things used in labour, tools or instru

My daily bread is literally implor'd;
I have no barns nor granaries to hoard.

Dryden. The Hind and the Panther, pt. iii. The same kind of experience [personal] may assure him of the practical possibility of performing the duties and functions of a Christian, by the help of those assistances that God gives the faithful implorers, to enable them to obey and please Him.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 717.

Leaving others to be judged by Him who searcheth the heart, let us implore His assistance for enabling us to act well our own part, and to follow Christ. Blair, vol. iv. Ser. 8. IMPLOY, v. Anciently also, and now usually, See To IMPLY.

Em.

To infold, to enclose, to entangle, to engage, to occupy, to busy, or be busy, to exercise. Onely the use of armes, which most I ioy, And fitteth most for noble swayne to know, I have not tasted yet; yet past a boy, And being now high tiine these strong ioynts to imploy. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 2. The King much troubled with the French affair, Which as a shapeless and unwieldy mass, Wholly imploy'd the utmost of his care.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. iii. Troilus the first imploier of Pandars. Shakespeare. Much Adoe about Nothing, Act v. sc. 2. In his Dedication, or first Preface to his Morals, after some very insipid rhetorick, and figurative dialect imploy'd against the study and Art of speech, he has another fling at the classic authors and discipline.

Shaftesbury. Miscell. Refl. Misc. 5. c. 1. Note. IM-PLU'MED. Lat. Implumis, in, (priv.) and pluma, a feather.

Featherless.

The poor implumed birds that by offence,
Or some disgrace have lost pre-eminence,
Can point and say, This feather once was mine.
Drayton. The Owl.
At which sad sight, this poor implumed crew,
Stand faintly trembling in their sovereign's view.-Id. Ib.
IMPLY', v. Fr. Impliquer; It. Implicare;
IMPLIEDLY. Sp. Implicar; Lat. Implicare,
in, and plicare; Gr. ПλEK-ELV,
to knit, to intertwine.

I'MPLICATE. IMPLICATION. IMPLICIT. IMPLICITLY. I'MPLEX. prise.

To imply, to intertwine, to interweave, to infold, to inwrap; to involve, to include; to com

Implicit,-infolded, inwrapped; (met.) my faith is implicit in him; my faith is wrapped up in him: consequentially, entire, unlimited, unrestricted, wholly given up to.

It implyeth fyrst repugnance to my sight and reason, that all this world should bee made of nothyng, and that a virgin should bring forth a childe. But yet when I see it written wt the wordes of my faith, which God spake, & brought it to passe: then implyeth it no repugnaunce to me at all. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1127.

The true teachyng is that Christes very body is present vnder the forme of bread, in as many hoostes as he cōsecrate, in how many places soeuer the hoostes be cōsecrate, & is there really & substancially, whiche wordes really & substucially be implyed, whe we say truly presēt.

Bp. Gardner. Explic. Presence in the Sacram. fol.35. And the Eutichians affyrmyng catholiquely to be but one person in Christe, did perniciously saye ther was therfore but one nature in Christe, accomptynge by implication the humaine nature transfused into the diuine nature and so confounded.-Id. Of Transubstanciation, fol. 120

Ne doe they need with water of the ford,
Or of the clowdes, to moysten their roots dry;
For in themselues, eternall moysture they imply.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 6.

There did appeare unto her heauenly spright
A wondrous vision which did close imply
The course of all her fortune and posteritie.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c.7.

And as a poplar, shot aloft, set by a river side,
In moist edge of a mightie fenne his head in curls implide,
But all his body plaine and smooth.

Chapman, Homer. Iliad, bit.
Then the much suffering man.

(Diuine Vlysses) at next close, the Telamonian A little rays'd from earth; not quite, but with his e implide Lockt legs and down fell both on earth, close by art other's side. Id. Ib. b

These informers, in this frontispiece before their several suggestions, impliedly undertake to make good three assertions.-Mountagu. Appeale to Cæsar, c. 1.

Highways being without exception necessary, as well for peace as war, have been defended in the Roman laws: they are taken in ours, to be in that respect (as they are by inplication of the name) the king's highways, and res score.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 16. Seiden. Illustrasu, Nor is it seemly or piously attributed to the justice of Gre His known hatred of sin, that such a heinous fault as this through all the law should be only whip'd with an impac and oblique touch.-Milton. Tetrachordon.

But soon the reasons why you're lov'd by all,
Grow infinite, and so pass Reason's reach,
Then back again t' implicit Faith I fall,

And rest on what the catholic voice doth teach, Donne. Letter to Mr. Rowland Woodri They pretend it is implicitly reprov'd in these words, Deut. xxiv. 4. after she is defiled.-Milton, Teirscherdin.

It is common, and indeed natural, with most peop's whe are either averse to thinking for themselves, or are defident of the rectitude of their owi opinions, to adopt imp and retain with zeal, the opinions of those who have acqui a character in the world for ingenuity or penetration P. Fletcher. Piscatory Eclogues, Introd

By another article, the militia was to remain in the parliament for ten years; thereby implying, if I mistakent that the right of granting it was in the King, and ene quently that we had done him wrong in contending with him for it.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 231.

sists, be intricate, or the cohesion strong, their mut If the contexture of the corpuscles, whereof a body w plication, or their adherence to each other, will X ( part hinder another from flying separately away.

Boyle. Works, vol. iv. p. 29.

The fable of every Poem is, according to Aristotle's di sion, either simple or impler. It is called simple whether is no change of fortune in it, implex when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to ba Spectator, No. 27.

Which [faith] they generally taught, consisted chiefy 2 an implicit believing whatever the Church proposed wit any explicit knowledge of particulars.

Burnet. Hist. of the Reformation, vol. i. an. 1141 Thus a good present behaviour is an implicit repentant for any miscarriage in what is past; but present will not make up for past activity.—Spectator, No. Sit. Your smooth eulogium to one crown address'd, Seems to imply a censure on the rest.

Cowper. Table Tall

or being impolarily adjoyned unto a more vigorous loade, it will in a short time exchange its poles. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. In, (priv.) and policy. Lat. Politia; Gr. ПoλTela, a city or state, the government of a go

MPOLITICK.

MPOLITICLY.

MPOLITICALLY.

iment, management. And impolicyVant of government or management; unskilful, rudent, injudicious, indiscreet management; rovidence or imprudence.

it in pursuit of their own remedies and suits they [the chants] do it so impoliticly.

Bacon. Report on the Petition of the Merchants. could never yet find, that these men had any other reaor argument to defend themselves and their practices out that senseless and impolitick encouragement which been all along given them.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 8.

ose who governed Scotland under him. [Charles the nd.] with no less cruelty than impolicy, made the people at country desperate; and then plundered, imprisoned, itchered them, for the natural effects of such despair. Mallel. Amyntor & Theodora, Pref. effect, it would be the most unjust and impolitick of all [s, unequal taxation. Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 3. t however confidently Voltaire and others may please lk, it will be no diflicult matter to prove that the Cruwere neither so unjustifiable, so impolitical, nor so ppy in their consequences, as the superficial readers of ory are habituated to esteem them.

Mickle. The Lusiad, b. vii.

d however impolitically despotic the Spanish Governs may be, still do these colonies enjoy the opportunities provement, which in every age arise from the knowof Commerce and of Letters.-Id. Ib. Introd.

e most admired women cannot have many Tunbridge, Bath seasons to blaze in; since even fine faces, often are less regarded than new faces, the proper punishof showy girls, for rendering themselves so impolicheap.-Rambler, No. 97,

y lies yet impolish'd, any stiff,

nting its bosses, and its cover, do that: I've such, and can be secret too. Cartwright. Martial, lib. i. Epig. 67.

is (not to read men, and converse with living libraries) t deplorable effect which universally renders our booken so pedantically morose and impolish'd, and in a so very ridiculous.-Evelyn. On Public Employment. hopes also of a short vacation for the consummation of lalayan grammar, I humbly beg the return of that imted specimen.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 614.

your honour's hands, as the great patron of languages irts, this impolite grammatical tract of the Malayan t presumeth to make its submissive addresses, and to the fate of your judicious and impartial censure.

4-POLLUTED, i.e. unpolluted, (qv.)

Id. Ib.

I haue kept me safe and pure from the filthy polluof the world: so kepe thou these clene and impolluted Icōtagious infeccions of the worlde.-Udal. John, c. 17.

1-PONDEROUS. In, (priv.) and Lat. Ponsus, from pondus, a weight; pend-ere, to weigh. ot weighty, light.

The

IMPONED is (says Ritson) from the Lat. Imponere, and means to put down, to stake. quarto, 1604, reads impawned, (qv.)

Osr. The king, sir, has wag'd with him six Barbary horses. against the which he impon'd, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards.-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 2.

IM-POROUS. Fr. Pore; It. Poro; Sp. Poros; Gr. Пopos, from weip-ew, transire, quod per eos transeant sudores, sordes et pili, (Minshew.) Having no pores, or small holes through which any thing can pass.

And the reason thereof is its [the crystal] continuity: as having its earthy and salinous parts so exactly resolved, that its body is left imporous and not discreted by atomical terminations.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1.

If all these atoms should descend plum down with equal velocity, as according to their doctrine they ought to do, being all perfectly solid and imporous, and the vacuum not resisting their motion, they would never the one overtake the other, but like the drops of a shower would always keep the same distances.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i.

The 15th cause is the porosity or imporosity betwixt the tangible parts, and the greatness or smalnes of the pores. Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 846.

IMPORT, v. IMPORT, n. IMPO'RTABLE. IMPO'RTABLENESS. IMPORTANT. IMPORTANCE. IMPORTANCY. IMPORTANTLY. IMPORTA'TION. IMPORTER.

IMPO'RTLESS.

Fr. Importer; It. Importare; Sp. Importar; Lat. Importare, (in, and portare, to bear or carry; Gr. PopTOS, a load, from pep-ew, to bear, to bear or carry in or into.

To bear or carry into, to convey into; (met.) to convey, to infer, to imply, to intend; to induce or introduce; consequentially, from the weight or burthen borne or carried, to be of weight; of great consequence or moment. And importance,—

Weight, value, force, efficacy, great consequence,

On folkes shoulders things they couchen That they nill with their fingers touchen. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. Thise liggen on my backe so sore, that importable burden ne seemeth on my backe to be charged. Id. Testament of Loue, b. i. But yf ye fynde hym proude, beware of the importable burdens of the high mynded pharisees. Bale. English Votaries, pt. i. And it doth maruellously import this realme to make naturall in this realme such thing as be special in the dying of our clothes.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 163.

Now is there in the seconde not onely much more foly, but it importeth also playne and open blasphemy. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 325. And for that he shewed his seruantes that he hadde tidinges of soo great importaunce that his maister gaue him in charge, not to forbeare his reste, they letted not to wake hym, nor hee to admitte this messenger into his bedde syde. Id. Ib. p. 43.

Dear sov'raign lord, the cause in managing

Is more than yours; t' import the public rest. We all have part; it toucheth all our good: And life's ill-spar'd, that's spar'd to cost more blood. Daniel. Civil Wars, b. vi.

But herein Valerius left a noble example, showing how much it importeth a nobleman and magistrate, ruleing weightie causes, to have his ears open to hear, and willingly to receive free speech instead of flatteries, and plain troth in place of lies.-North. Plutarch, p. 86.

Which president, of pestilent import

(Had not the heav'ns bless'd thy endeavourings) Against thee, Henry, had been likewise brought, Th' example made of thy example wrought.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. ili.

If any maruaile how a thing in itselfe so weak, could import any great danger, they must consider not so much how

VOL. I

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5.

small the sparke is that flieth up, as how apt things about Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. Ep. Ded. Now of all others the Rhodians were reputed of most import and consequence every way.-Holland. Livivs, p. 1141.

1065

So both attonce him charge on either side, With hideous stroakes, and importáble powre, That forced him his ground to trauerse wide And wisely watch toward that deadly stowre. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 8. But when, by time and continuance, the mind is accustomed to it, though the yoke be the same, yet it finds no such severity and importableness in it.

Hale. Cont. A Preparative against Affliction.

Adr. May it please your grace, Antipholis, my husbād, Whom I made lord of me, and all I had,

At your important letters this ill day,

A most outragious fit of madnesse tooke him.
Shakespeare. Comedy of Errours, Act v. sc. 1.
Small are the seeds Fate does unheeded sow
Of slight beginnings to important ends;
Whilst wonder (which does best our rev'rence show
To heav'n) all reasons sight in gazing spends.

Davenant. Gondibert, b. i. c. 2.

A notable passion of wonder appeared in them: but the wisest beholder, that knew no more but seeing, could not say if th' importance were ioy, or sorrow, but in the extremitie of the one, it must needs be.

Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act v. sc. 2,

Why my masters (quoth he) how is it, that you are so desirous that I should tel you a tale of the shadow of an ass, and wil not give me the hearing when I am to speak unto you of your affairs of great importance. Holland. Plutarch, p. 767.

Maria writ
The letter, at Sir Toby's great importance,
In recompence whereof, he hath married her.
Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Act v. sc. 1.
"Tis a pageant

To kepe vs in false gaze, when we consider
Th' importancie of Cyprus to the Turke.

Id. Othello, Act i. sc. 3.

Arui. It is not likely
That when they heare their Roman horses neigh,
Behold their quarter'd fires, haue both their eyes
And eares so cloyd importantly as now,
That they will waste their time upon our note
To know from whence we are.

Id. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 4.
It [this plot of licensing] hinders and retards the importa-
tion of our richest merchandize, truth.
Milton. Of Unlicens'd Printing.

Aga. Speak, Prince of Ithaca, and be't of lesse expect: That matter needlesse of importlesse burthen Diuide thy lips.-Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Act i. sc. 3. The only and certain scale of riches, arising from trade in a nation, is the proportion of what is exported for the consumption of others, to what is imported for their own. Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces, c. 6.

The cause was not common and ordinary, such as were wont to be tryed before the governours of provinces, but of an unusual and publick nature; not a question of words and names, as Gallio thought it, but a matter of the highest importance to the world.-Stillingfleet, vol. ii. Ser. 1.

It was visible, that since there was to be a free trade opened between Scotland and England, after the first of May, and since the duties in Scotland, laid on trade, were much lower than in England, that there would be a great importation into Scotland, on the prospect of the advantage that might be made by sending it into England.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1707.

The restraints upon importation were of two kinds. First, restraints upon the importation of such foreign goods for home consumption as could be produced at home, from whatever country they were imported: 2ndly, &c.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 1. On this statement the reader will observe, that I take the imports from, and not the exports to these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them. Burke. Observations on a late State of the Nation.

But O th' important budget! usher'd in
With such heart-shaking music, who can say
What are its tidings.