the knowledge of their causes; whereby they had made their acts iterable by sober hands, and a standing part of philosophy.-Brown. Miscellanies, p. 178.

I have seen, from the iteration of a man's name, hiding one thought of him, and explaining what you hide by saying something to his advantage when you speak, a merchant hurt in his credit.-Spectator, No. 118.

Virtue-she, wonder-working goddess! charms
That rock to bloom; and tames the painted shrew;
And, what will more surprise, Lorenzo! gives
To life's sick, nauseous iteration, change.

ITINERANT, adj. ITINERANT, n. ITINERARY, adj. ITINERARY, n.

Young. Complaint, Night 3.

Fr. Itinéraire; It. and Sp. Itinerario; Lat. Itinerarium; from iter, and this from itu;-whither they were going they called iter from itu, (Varro, L. 4.) Itu, from ire, to go.

Going or passing from one place to another; journeying, travelling.

He, [Henry Bracton] (I say) in the thirde booke of his worke, and treatise of the Crowne, taking in hand to shewe the articles inquirable before the justice in Eire, (or itinerant, as we called them, because they vsed to ride from place to place throughout the realme, for administration of iustice,) setteth forth a special fourme of writs.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 17. That the four professors itinerant be assigned to the four parts of the world, Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, there to reside three years at least.

Cowley. Advancement of Experimental Philosophy.

Or let us person him like some wretched itinerary judge, who, to gratify his delinquets before him, would let them basely break his head, lest they should pull him from the bench, and throw him over the bar.

Milton. The Doct. and Dis. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 14.

Now Habassia, according to the itineraries of the observingst travellers in those parts, is thought to be in respective magnitude as big as Germany, Spain, France, and Italy conjunctly.-Howell, b. ii. Let. 9.

And glad to turn itinerant,

To stroll and teach from town to town.

Hudibras, pt. iii. c. 2.

He now closes up all with the character of a preacher or evangelist; still addressing himself to his disciples, as to a designed seminary of preachers; or rather, indeed, as a kind of little itinerant academy (if I may so call it) of such as were to take his heavenly doctrines for the sole rule of their practice.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 1.

And at last he [John Knox] was appointed one of the king's itinerary preachers.

The earth, the aire

Resounded, (thou remember'st, for thou heardst,)
The heav'ns and all the constellations rung,
The planets in their station list'ning stood,
While the bright pomp ascended jubilant.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

Surely the empyreall heaven never resounded with so much joy; God ascended with jubilation, and the Lord with the sound of the trumpet.-Bp. Hall. Cont. The Ascension. O then, with what unspeakable joy and jubilation dost thou entertain thy happiness? Id. The Soul's Farewell to Earth.

But it is only a pious life, led exactly by the rules of a severe religion, that can authorize a man's conscience to speak comfortably to him. It is this that must word the sentence, before the conscience can pronounce it; and then it will do it with majesty and authority; it will not whisper, but proclaim a jubilee to the mind.—South, vol. i. Ser. 1.

The tone of sorrow is mournful and plaintive; the notes of joy, exulting and jubilant.

Bp. Horne. Works, vol. vi. Dis. 2. Church Music. The successors of Boniface not only adorned this institution with many new rites, but learning by experience how honourable and how lucrative it was to the church of Rome, brought it within a narrow compass of time; so that now every twenty-fifth year is a year of jubilee.

Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History.
Lat. Jucunditas. See Jo-

JUCUNDITY.

CUND.

Pleasantness, delightfulness.

For the act of laughter, which is a sweet contraction of the muscles of the face, and a pleasant agitation of the vocal organs, is not meerly voluntary, or totally within the jurisdiction of ourselves; but as it may be constrained by corporal contraction in any, and hath been inforced in some even in their death, so the new, unusual, or unexpected jucundities, which present themselves to any man in his life, at some time or other will have activity enough to excitate the earthiest soul, and raise a smile from most composed tempers.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 16.

But we are told, we embrace Paganism and Judaism in A most audacious calumny! And yet while we detest Judaism we know ourselves commanded by St. Paul, Rom. xi. to respect the Jews, and by all means to endeavour their conversion.

Id. Observations on Art. of Peace with the Irish.

All, except two or three, were ignorant of the Hebrew tongue, and many of the Greek, blundering upon the dangerous and suspectful translations of the apostate Aquila, the heretical Theodotion, the judaiz'd Symmachus, the erroneous Origen.-Id. Of Reformation in England, b. i.

There were it seems some heterodox teachers within that province; and by the sequel it appears they were judaizing doctors who taught the observation of the Mosaic law, as necessary to Christians, such as the Cerinthians and others. Bp. Bull. Works, vol. i. Ser. 13.

For that which properly discriminates the Christian religion from the natural or judaical, is the holding of Christ's deity, and his satisfaction naturally consequent upon it. South, vol. ix. Ser. 8.

Saint Paul in his Epistle to Timothy, enforcing against certain judaizing Christians, the advantages of moral above

ritual observances, says, "Bodily exercise profiteth little; but godliness is profitable unto all things; having the promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come."

Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. v. s. 6.

They may now, God be thanked, of his loue,
Maken hir jubilee, and walke alone.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7445.

And ye shall halowe the fyftieth yere, and proclayme lybertye thorowe oute the land vnto all the inhabiters therof. It shall be a yere of iubelye vnto you, and ye shall retourne: euery manne vnto hys possession and euery man vnto hys kindred againe.-Bible, 1551. Lev. c. 25.

The earth her entrails quickly shall discharge,
That God at once all who had soules may see,
All prisoners at last, death must enlarge,

At that great iubily.

The copy of this being showed the ambassador, he was astonished at it but Vargas said, it was not to be underwrit to bring the Pope to grant the Bull. Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1547. JU'DASLY, i. e. as treacherously as Judas betrayed Christ.

Thou shalt vnderstad most deare reader that William Tyndall was Judasly betrayed by an Englisheman, a scholer of Louayne, whose name is Philippes. Tyndall. Workes, p. 429. Fr. Juger; It. Giudicare; Sp. Juzgar; Lat. Judicare, quod jus dicatur. Judex, quod jus dicat acceptâ potestate, id est, quibusdam verbis dicendo finit,

JUDGE, v. JUDGE, n. JUDGMENT. JU'DGER. JU'DGESHIP.

To deem or doom; to have, hold, or give sentence or opinion; to sentence, to decide, to determine, to discern, to distinguish.

For the metaphysical application, see the quotations from Locke and Stewart.

Tho was yt jugged, that he ssolde be, wyth oute fayle,
Hardy kyng & stalwarde, & muche do of batayle.
R. Gloucester, p. 345.

Nat as other kynges liethe he [Hen. II.] in his paleys, but trauayllyng aboute by his prouynces aspye the doyages cí alle men, and demed hem that were jugges where they dude wronge, and punysshed hem by strengour jugyement than other men.-Id. p. 482.

Do him vnto the suerd, withouten jugement.

R. Brasse, p. 63. And Joseph mete merevelousliche. how the more and the

sonne

And ellevene sterres. hailsede hym alle.
Then Jacob iuged Josephs sweven.

Piers Ploukman, p. 161, He that dispisith me, and takith not my wordis, hath bom that schal juge him; thilk word that I hane spokun scha deme him in the laste day.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 12.

He yt refuseth me, & receaueth not my wordes, hath one that iudgeth him. The wordes that I haue spoken, they shall judge him in the last day.—Bible, 1551. 18.

And seide there was a juge in a citee: that dredde nx God, neither schamede of men.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 18. Sayinge: There was a judge in a certain cytie, which feared not God, neyther regarded man.-Bible, 1551. Ib. I wol be trewe juge, and not parte.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2660.

And yet say I more, that right as a singuler persone sirneth in taking vengeaunce of another man, right so sinneth the juge, if he do no vengeaunce of hem that it han deserved Id. The Tale of Melsben.

And who that wol my jugement withsay,
Shal pay for alle we spenden by the way.

Id. Prologue, v. 835.

Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

Id. Ib. b. iii.

And foundeth howe he might excite
The judges through his eloquence,
Fro dethe to torne the sentence
And set her hertes to pitee.
And he without auisement
Ayene Juno gafe iugement.
And in the world scarce two so like there are,
One with the other which if you compare,
But being set before you both together,
A judging sight doth soon distinguish either.
Drayton. Matilda to King John.
And now by this, their feast all being ended,
The judges which thereto selected were,
Into the Martian field adowne descended,
To deeme this doubtfull case, for which they all cntended.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. à.

Judges ought to remember, that their office is jus dir and not jus dare; to interpret law, and not to make law, or give law.-Bacon. Ess. Of Judicature.

When her assent she lightly doth incline
To either part, she is opinion slight;
But when she doth by principles define

A certain truth, she hath true judgment's sight.
Davies. Immortality of the Sout, § 25.
Ne feard the burning waues of Phlegeton,
Nor those same mournful kingdoms, compassed
With rustic horrour and foule fashion,

And deepe digd vawtes, and Tartar couered
With bloodie night, and darke confusion,
And judgement seates, whose judge is deadly dread
Spenser. Firgil. Ger

Yet 'tis within our hearts
Th' ambushment lies, that evermore betrays
Our judgments, when ourselves be come t' applaud
Our own ability, and our own parts.

Daniel. To Lady Anne Coford.
Winch. He was a king, blest of the King of kings,
Vnto the French, the dreadful judgement-day
So dreadfull will not be, as was his sight.

Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Henry VI. Actise. 1. You must needs grant, that they, who in this case guided themselves meerely by what appears to their eyes, are judgers of what they have not well examined.

Digby. Of Bodies, c. 8.

The safety and firmness of any frame of government may be best judged by the rules of architecture, which teach is that the pyramid is of all figures the firmest, and the last subject to be shaken or overthrown by any concussions st

accidents from the earth or air.

Sir W. Temple. On the Origin and Nature of Government those together with quickness and variety, wherein can For wit lying most in the assemblage of ideas, and putting found any resemblance or congruity, thereby to mak

pleasant pictures, and agreeable visions in the fancy; judgment, on the contrary, lies quite on the other side, in separating carefully ideas one from another, wherein can be Found the least difference, thereby to avoid being misled by imilitude, and by affinity to take one thing for another.

Locke. Of Hum. Underst, b. ii. c. 11. Now the greater uncertainty there is, as to the present affairs of this world, by so much greater is the certainty of future iudgment.-Wilkins. Natural Religion, b. i. c. 11. To pass over those concerning the Pope, his universal pasourship, judgship in controversies, power to call councils. Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy.

One judges as the weather dictates, right
The Poem is at noon, and wrong at night,
Another judges by a surer gage,
An author's principles, or parentage.

Young. Love of Fame, Sat. 3.

JUDICIARY.

JUDICIOUS.

JUDICIOUSLY.

JUDICIOUSNESS.

See JUDGE. These words are immediately from the Lat. Judicium, judicialis, judiciarius; Fr. Judiciel, judiciaire, judicieux; It. Giudicatorio,giudiciale,giudiciario, giudicioso; Sp.Judicial, jui

cioso.

Judicable,that can or may be judged.

Judicial, of or pertaining to a judge, or to that over which a judge has power or authority. Judicious, able to judge; skilful, prudent, sagaious in judgment; forming a sound judgment; liscerning, discriminating clearly.

It is to your condemnation, and to your ignomynie, that you doe exercise iudiciais among you.

Barnes. Workes, p. 209. Oration judiciall is an earnest debating in open assemblie of some weightie matter before a judge.

Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, p. 87. Pride is soon discernable, but not easily judicable. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 5. But, however, so long as that distinction remains, of sins into death, and sins not unto death, there are a certain sort of sins which are remediable, and cognoscible, and judicable, and a power was dispensed to a distinct sort of persons, to emit or retain those sins.-Id. Office Ministerial.

He who had power to admonish, had also power to reject n an authoritative or judicatory way.

Bp. Hall. Cases of Conscience, Dec. 3. Case 5.

So that to have brought the king to condign punishment hath not broke the covenant; but it would have broke the Covenant to have sav'd him from those judicatories, which both nations declar'd in that covenant to be supreme against any person whatsoever.-Milton. Answer to Eikon Basilike. Give me a man that buyes a seat of judicature; I dare hot trust him for not selling of justice.

Bp. Hall. The best Bargaine.

Now when they were come before Appius judicially, upon is tribunall seate, the plaintife or challenger aforesaid delareth against her, and telleth a tale full well knowen to he judge himselfe, being the author and deviser of the whole matter and argument.-Holland. Livivs, p. 117.

Let me add for the author, that our most judicious antiuary of the last age, John Leland, with reason and authority math also for Brute argued strongly.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 1. Selden. Illustrations. The cause of Ethiopian blackness and curled hair was ong since judiciously fetcht from the disposition of soil, air, water, and singular operations of the heavens; with conutation of those which attribute it to the sun's distance.

Id. Ib. Their constant topick was, the sad defection and corruption f the judicatories of the church, and they often proposed everal expedients for purging it. Burnet. Own Time, vol. i. b. i.

When the cardinal asked Bilncy whether he had not ken the oath before not to preach or defend any of Luther's octrines, he confessed he had done it, but not judicially, judicialiter in the register.)-Id. Hist. of Reformation, b.

But to lay such a censure on a clergyman, as a suspension, without proof, in a judiciary proceeding, was contrary both to law and justice.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1686.

This Prince [William I.] was rather made to surmount all dangers he encountered by brave actions and judicious councils, than either to invite or anticipate his misfortunes by distrust and vain apprehensions, which are but the distractions of weak and timorous minds.

Sir W. Temple. Introd. to the History of England. His prognostications of the weather are taken out of Aratus, where we may see how judiciously he has picked out those that are most proper for his husbandman's observation.-Addison. Essay on Virgil's Georgics.

The parliaments were not wholly free from faction, I admit; but this evil was exterior and accidental, and not so much the vice of their constitution itself, as it must be in your new contrivance of sexennial elective judicatories. Burke. On the French Revolution.

The original power of judicature, by the fundamental principles of society, is lodged in the society at large; but as it would be impracticable to render complete justice to every individual, by the people in their collective capacity, therefore every nation has committed that power to certain select magistrates, who with more ease and expedition can hear and determine complaints; and in England this authority has immemorially been exercised by the king or his substitutes.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 7.

In this distinct and separate existence of the judicial power in a peculiar body of men, nominated indeed, but not removeable at pleasure, by the crown, consists one main preservative of the public liberty, which cannot subsist long in any state, unless the administration of common justice be in some degree separated both from the legislative and

also from the executive power.-Id. Ib.

Madame Dacier judiciously observes, "that eyes, in which there is the least degree of humidity, are uncommonly vivid and full of fire."-Fawkes. Anacreon, Ode 28. Note.

I return to the effects of ignorance and excessive credulity. Under this head we must place an easiness to receive reliques; the examination of which requires, in due proportion, judiciousness and precaution, as well as of miracles. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History.

Yet when they hear the questing spaniels gone,
They in the evening get together all,
With pretty jugging, and each other greet,
Glad as it were they once again should meet.

Drayton. The Miseries of Queen Margaret. JUG. In A. S. Ceac, is a basin, pitcher, or other like vessel, (Somner.) And from ceac, Skinner is inclined to derive the English jug. Junius, from the A. S. Juc-ian, to yoke; to join, to add; because, perhaps, a jug contained the double of some smaller measure.

Let the glasse go round,
Let the quart-pot sound,
Let each one do as he's done to;
Avant, ye that hug

The abominable jug,
'Mongst us Heteroclita sunto.

Beaumont. Canto in the Praise of Sack.

And how does the confident sinner know, but the grace of God, which he has so often affronted and abused, may some time or other desert, and give him up to the sordid temptations of the jug and the bottle.-South, vol. i. Ser. 4.

Nay, why so monstrous? Is it told
How much the cyathus would hold?
You think perhaps it was a mug,
As round as any Ionian jug.

JUGGLE, v. JUGGLE, n.

Byrom. Horace. Epistle to a Friend.

Fr. Jougler; It. Giocolare; Sp. Jugar de manos; Ger. JU'GGLER. Gauchelen, jöcklen; Dut. GuiJU'GGLING, n. chelen, and gochelen; most probably from the ge-wiglian, to guile, to beguile. (See Guile.) Somner interprets wiglian, to juggle, to use sorcery, to cast a mist before; and Junius also thinks ge-wiglung, deceit, jugling.

jugler may be referred to wiglen, which Somner too interprets a juggler.

To guile, to cheat, to impose upon, to deceive, to delude; to practise delusion; to give a false

colour or appearance to; and as the Spanish, Jugar de manos, to play with the hand, to play tricks with the hand.

in the "old Boke" from Leland written JocuJogelour, (see the first quotation from Chaucer,) lar,—a character, as Warton observes, often confounded or made the same with the Minstrell, is in Low Lat. Joculator, or Jogulator; i. e. mimus, scurra, (Du Cange,) a mimick or buffoon; and is supposed to be derived from the Lat. Jocus. But there does not appear any sufficient reason for separating the mimus from the artist in legerdemain, or assigning a different origin to their

Tho mightest thou see these flutours,
Minstrales and eke jogelours

That well to sing did her paine.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R.
And sayd, He lieth, for it is rather like
An apparence ymade by som magike,
As jogelours plaien at this festes grete.

Id. The Squires Tale, v. 10,534.

This is to sayn, to make illusion,
By swiche an apparence or joglerie
(I can no termes of astrologie)
That she and every wight shuld wene and say,
That of Bretaigne the rockes were away,
Or elles they were sonken under ground.

Id. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,578.

And where the right way is set before vs, and we of malice will not walk therin, God cannot but let the deuil play with vs, and iuggle our eyes to confirme vs in blindnesse. Tyndall. Workes, p. 401.

Now who hath plaied a feater cast,
Since iugling first begonne?

In knitting of himselfe so fast,
Himselfe he hath vndoone.

Vncertaine Auctors. Of a New Married Student.

Why should we build, Castara, in the aire
Of fraile opinion? Why admire as faire,
What the weake faith of man give us for right?
The jugling world cheats but the weaker sight.

Habington. Castara, pt. ii.

You go about to pervert so sacred and so glorious a law, with your fallacies and jugglings.

Milton. Defence of the People of England.

For their images, some of them were brought to London, and were there, at St. Paul's Cross, in the sight of all the people, broken; that they might be fully convinced of the juggling impostures of the monks.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1538.

I think we may freely conclude that the notion of a God did not come from the Court, that it was not the invention of politicians, and a juggle of state to cozen the people into obedience.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. I.

A juggler long through all the town,
Had rais'd his fortune and renown;
You'd think (so far his art transcends)
The devil at his fingers' ends.

Gay. The Juggler.

The bishops after this time had the same apprehension of the danger into which religion was brought by the jugglings of the greatest part of the clergy, who retained their affections to the old superstition that those in King Edward's time had.-Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1559.

Or is he only the Punch of the Puppet-show, to speak as he is prompted by the chief juggler behind the curtain. Junius, Let. 41. JUGULAR. Fr. Veines jugulaires. The two throat or neck veins.

Yet it was wondred by some how it was possible he [the Earl of Essex] should do it in the manner he was found, for the wound was so deepe and wide, that being cut thro' the gullet, wind-pipe, and both the jugulars, it reach'd to the very vertebræ of ye neck, so that the head held to it by a very little skin as it were.-Evelyn. Mem. vol. i. an. 1683.

The moisture or liquor contained in plants, fruits; in vegetable and animal substances.

And tho she toke vnto his vse

Of herbes of all the best juse,

And poured it in to his wounde,

jombre, and Sir T. More-jumper: the one equivalent to jumble; the other, to jump :-consequentially,

To toss, threw or shake up together-in a (con

That made his veines full and sounde.-Gower. Con.A.b.v. fused) heap; to mingle or confound together.

Hippocrates affyrmeth the fleshe of hartes and hyndes, to be of yll iuyce, harde of digestion and drye.

Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. ii. c. 8.
For though like withered tree that wanteth iuyce,
Shee old and crooked were, yet now of late
As fresh and fragrant as the flowre-deluce
Shee was become, by change of her estate.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 1.
But I will haste, and from each bough and break,
Each plant and juiciest gourd will pluck such choice.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v.
Hydropic humours not discernable at first from a fair and
Juicy fleshiness of body.

Id. Animad. upon the Remonstrants' Defence.

Beside in Med'cine simples had that power,
That none need then the planetary hour
To help their working, they so juiceful were.

Drayton. Noah's Flood.

To her we owe,
The Indian weed, unknown to ancient times,
Nature's choice gift, whose acrimonious fume
Extracts superfluous juices, and refines
The blood distemper'd from its noxious salts.

So does an ivy, green when old, And sprouting in decay,

In juiceless, joyless arms infold, A sapling young and gay.

J. Philips. Cider, b. i.

Ne iombre eke no discordant thing yfere.

Sumtimes, to vaunte his arte,

Chaucer. Troilus, b. li.

A boysterouse basse he bounsed out,
And jumbled on his stringes.-Drant, b. i. Sat. 3.

Now the reereward had no roume left them toward the land and thus whiles they hastily were jumbled together, the fight by that time was begun in the right wing against Anniball.-Holland. Livivs, p. 957.

Had the world been coagmented from that supposed fortuitous jumble; this hypothesis had been tolerable. Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 18.

So that the grubs therein that bred,
Hearing such turmoil over head,
Thought surely they had all been dead,
So fearful was the jumbling.

Drayton. Nymphidia.

The coach jumbled us insensibly into some sort of a familiarity; and we had not moved above two miles, when the widow asked the captain what success he had in his recruiting ?-Spectator, No. 132.

When bent upon some smart lampoon,
Will toss and turn your brain till noon;
Which, in its jumblings round the skull,
Dilates and makes the vessel full.

Swift. A Panegyric on the Dean. The Macaronian is a kind of burlesque poetry, consisting Somervile. Canidia's Epithalamium.of a jumble of words of different languages, with words of the vulgar tongue latinized, and Latin words modernized. Cambridge. The Scribleriad, b. ii. Note.

If so, yet still I can assure our safety,
For as you fear my softness of complexion,
I'll stain it with the juice of dusky leaves,
Or yellow berries, which this various wood

From tree or shrub will yield me.-Mason. Elfrida,

Fat unctuous juices gorg'd the rank-fed root;
And plethories of sap produc'd no fruit.
Hence, where the life-supplying grain was spread,
The rav'nous dock uprears its miscreant head.

Harte. Christ's Parable of the Sower.

My juicy plums for thee forbear to grow,
For thee no flow'r unveil its charming dies.

water

Jago. The Goldfinches. JULEP. Fr. Julep; It. Giuleppe, giulebbe; Sp. Julepe; Barb. Lat. Julepus; i. e. sweetened and thickened with much sugar, (Skinner.) Cotgrave and Holland (with little difference of arrangement) call it

JUMP, v. JUMP, n. JUMP, ad. JU'MPER, v. JU'MPER, n. JUMPINGLY.

Dut. and Ger. Gumpen, saltare, exilire, and in Sw. Gump, nates, clunes; Gumpa, cursitare, nates jactando. Skinner suggests Gup, (without the m,) from go-up.

A jump is performed by first depressing the haunches, and bending the knees and ancle-bones, and then springing upwards by the reaction of the bended joints.

To jump, (met.)—to come or go at a jump, i. e. suddenly, hastily, without seeing the ground to alight upon, at a risk or venture; and thus, consequentially, to risk, to venture.

To jump together, to concur, to coincide; to fall in with.

A drink made either of distilled waters and syrops mixed together, or of a decoction sweetened with honey or sugar, or else mingled with syrops, Againe nuber so the letters in this worde ekkλnola itaand ministered commonly as a preparative to Aika, Ecclesia Italica, that is the Italian Churche, and ye open the passage of the inward parts, and to fit shall finde it also make jump six hundred sixty sixe. Bale. Pageant of Popes, by Studley, fol. 43. the humours for a purgation. Milton applies it Let vs yet further see how his diffinicion of the churche

JULY. See the quotation from Holland. July-flower,- -see GILLIFlower.

Er that daies eighte

Were passed of the month of Juil, befill.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 10,008. Cæsar, the Dictator, was borne at Rome (when Caius Martius and Lucius Valerius Flaccus were Consuls) vpon the fourth day before the Ides of Quintilis. which moneth, after his death, was by virtue of the Law Antonia called for that cause, Julie.

Holland. Suetonius, Sup. to the Beginning of C. J. Cæsar. The July-flower declares his gentleness. Drayton. Pastorals, Ecl. 9. Perhaps from the Fr. Combler, (Lat. Cumulare,) to heap up, to throw up in a heap or mass or rather a dim. of jump. Chaucer writes

JU'MBLE, v. JU'MBLE, n.

JU'MBLING, n.

themselfe.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 612.

If thou wouldest turne things faythfullye
And do not imitate

So iumpingly, so precyselie
And step for step so strayte.

Drant. Horace. Arte of Poetrye. Then they called a counsell, where they jumped with one generall accord in this opinion.-Holland. Livios, p. 578,

That preferre

A noble life before a long, and wish
To iumpe a body with a dangerous physicke,
That's sure of death without it.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc. 1.

And how farre at a view

A man into the purple sea, may from a hill descrie;
So farre a high-neighing horse of heaven, at every jumpe
would flie.
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. v.

Do not exceede The prescript of this scroule: our fortune lyes Vpon this iumpe.-Shakes. Antony & Cleop. Act iv. sc. 8. He would usually say, That he did much admire, men should quarrel and kill themselves for the honour of a jump or precedency, or some such like toy; but never so much as mind the striving for to attain unto the highest pitch of vertue.-North. Plutarch, p. 8.

But since so iumpe vpon this bloodie question,
You from the Polake warres, and you from England
Are heere arriued. Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act i. sc. 1.

Here the Popes are pleased to juggle, as the fellow he knew no man had seen him. to do, who bragged how far he could jump at Rhodes, wh Brevini. Saul & Samuel cie

No indulgence can reprive from any punishments that we can see only that one which we see not, the being t mented in purgatory for sins which God hath forgiven and there only my jumpers can work wonders, and their inta gences are worth gold.-Id. Ib.

The fidlers strike up the fandango. In an instant, as roused from the slumbers of inchantment by the mac touch of a fairy's wand, every body started up, and the whole of the house resounded with the uproar of clapping of hands, footing, jumping, and snapping of fingers.

It. Giuncata; Fr. Jonchée; milk or cream-chense, so called because carried intra viminea juncea. (It. Giunco; Fr. Jonc, a rush, ) Menage. Quia in junceis calathis circundert, (Skinner.) Cotgrave calls it a green cheese, cr fresh cheese made of milk without any rent and served in a frail of green rushes. It. Felci, is also a name given to a kind of cheese served is the leaves of the fern, (felce.)

To go a juncating, in some parts of England still merely to go and partake of a juncate. Th word is extended to any delicacy or feasting; * a festive entertainment. And to junket,— To feast, or treat with a feast.

If thou wilt permit the knackes and innkets of the rhet ricians, the royall dyshes of the philosophers, & the vas uerye potage of the phariseis to be serued in, then shai l be ieopardye, lest the bread of the Ghospell sauer not. Udal. Marke, e. " Their banquettes they renew, and ionkets courses after Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. VAL

meats.

Goe straighte, and take with thee, to witnesse it,
Sixe of thy fellowes of the best array,
And beare with you both wines and isscates fit.
And bid him eate.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 4.
But still in pleasure sitting with excess,
His savory junkets tasted with delight,
Ne'er can that glutton appetite suppress.
Where ev'ry dish invites a liqu'rish sight.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. vi

As touching all other dates, they seeme to be the comman and vulgar sort, simply called dates; and yet both the Syrians and King Juba hold them for junkets and banketting dishes.-Holland. Plinie, b. xiii. c. 4.

We shall be put to it perforce, to drink round in our terr and to answer every one's challenge, to reserve (1 st) place in our bodies, both for meats, and also for fine cases and junketting dishes.-Id. Plutarch, p. 501.

You can junket together at nights upon your own pr when the rest of the house are abed; and have it in yo power to make every fellow-servant your friend. Swift. Directions to Sercent

He had the gallantry to tell me, that at a late j which he was invited to, the motion being made, and question being put, 'twas by maid, wife and widow reway nemine contradicente, that a young sprightly journeyman is absolutely necessary in their way of business.

JUNE. Fr. Juin; It. Giugno; Sp. Junie, Lit. Junius. Vossius produces three etymologies ping the preference to no one of the three; first (from Varro) a junioribus; secondly, a Jumene; and thirdly, a jungendo.

At length hee [King John] appointed to mete with the barons in a meddowe betwixt Stanes and Windsore, which appointment hee obserued, and there graunted the libert without anie difficultie, the charter whereof is dated: Grze by our hand in Runningmede, betwixt Staines and W sore, the 16. of June, the 17. of our raigne, vnto which ad the whole realme was sworne.-Stowe. K. John, an 1915

be as ancient in Sweden, as any records or traditions of that kingdom, which was the first seat of the Gothic dominions in the North-West parts of Europe, and it still remains in some provinces of that country.

Sir W. Temple. An Introd. to the History of England. A celebrated French writer, who concludes, that because Rome, Sparta, and Carthage have lost their liberties, therefore those of England in time must perish, should have recollected that Rome, Sparta, and Carthage, at the time when their liberties were lost, were strangers to the trial by jury.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 23.

Here therefore a competent number of sensible and upright jurymen, chosen by lot from among those of the middle rank, will be found the best investigators of truth, and the surest guardians of public justice.-Id. Ib.

JUST, adj. JUST, ad.

JU'STICE.

JU'STICER. JUSTICIARY. JU'STIFY, V. JU'STIFIABLE. JU'STIFIABLENESS. JU'STIFIABLY. JUSTIFICATION. JU'STIFIER.

JU'STIFYING, n.
JU'STLY.

JU'STNESS.

Fr. Juste; It. Giusto; Sp. Justo; Lat. Justus, which Vossius derives from jus, and Tooke from jub-ere, Jusjussus, to command. tum, just,

Commanded, (sc.) by the laws of God; by the laws of human authorities acting in conformity to those of God, as manifested in the nature of man. And, consequentially, our notions of just depending upon our inter

pretation of those laws;

A just man is one who acts, in a manner,-and a just action that, which is—

Obedient and conformable (in the words of Hooker, b. i. s. 16,) to "the Law, which He [God] hath made for His creatures to keepe; the Law whereunto by the light of reason men finde themselues bound in that they are men; the Law which they make by composition for multitudes and politique societies of men to be guided by; the Law which belongeth vnto each nation; the Law that concerneth the fellowship of all; and lastly, the Law which God Himselfe hath supernaturally revealed." It is equivalent, in common speech, to

Equitable, honest, righteous, upright, fair, virtuous, incorrupt.

Any thing may be said to be just, which is conformable to or consistent with established enactment or usage; proportionate or adapted to usual standard; and, thus, regular, proportionate, accurate, exact.

Justice, justicer, justiciary,-one who administers or is appointed to administer justice, law.

To justify, (juste fieri,)—to be or become or cause to be just; to do or cause to do justly; to free or clear, or absolve from injustice,-from charged or imputed injustice, wrong, guilt, sin; to affirm, prove or shew to be just; to vindicate. Pilatus he sende thider, here justise to be there, Forto holde hem harde y now, as heo wel worthi were. R. Gloucester, p. 64. Therfor was the dome gyuen thorgh the justise, To exile the erle Godwyn, his sonnes & alle hise. R. Brunne, p. 58. Thider bihoued him nede, to set that lond in pes, For foles haf no drede, that long is justiseles.-Id. p. 245. And thenne he corseth the kyng and all the kynges justices

Suche lawes to lere. laborers to greve.

Piers Plouhman, p. 145. And he schal go bifore him in the spiryte and vertu of Helye: and he schal turne the hertis of the fadris to the sonis, and men out of bileeve to the prudence of just men, to make redy a perfyt puple to the Lord.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 1.

And he shall go before him in the spirit & power of Helias, to tourne the hertes of ye fathers to the children, and the vnbeleuers to ye wysedome of ye juste me: to make ye people redy for ye Lorde.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Lyue sobreli and justli and piteuousli in this world, abidynge the blessid hope and the comyng of the glorie of the greet God and of our Sauyour Iesu Crist. Wiclif. Tyle, c. 2. And if this be herd of the justise, we schulen counseyle him and make you siker.-Id. Matthew, c. 28.

For of thi wordis thou schalt be justified: and of thi wordis thou schalt be dampned.-Id. Ib. c. 12.

To whiche it schal be arettid that bileuen in him that reiside oure Lord Ihesu Crist fro deeth, which was bitaken for oure synnes & roos aghen for oure justifiyng. Wiclif. Rom. c. 4.

To whome it shall be counted for ryghteousnes, so we beleue on hym that raysed vp Jesus our Lord from death; whiche was delyuered for oure synnes, and rose agayne for to iustifye vs. Bible, 1551. Ib.

Discrete he was, and of gret reverence:
He semed swiche, his wordes were so wise,
Justice he was ful often in assise,
By patent, and by pleine commissioun.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 327.

Was dwelling in this sheere
A man of worthie fame:
A justicer for his desart,

Tregonwell was his name.

Turbervile. On the Death of Sir J. Tregonwell.

Yet that we never shall forget to love
Our Maker, and obey him whose command
Single, is yet so just, my constant thoughts
Assur'd me, and still assure. Milton. Par. Lost, b. v.
For strength from truth divided and from just,
Illaudable, nought merits but dispraise
And ignominie.
And just in time thou com'st to have a view
Of his great power.
Id. Paradise Regained, b. iii.
Direct against which open'd from beneath,
Just o're the blissful seat of Paradise,

Id. Ib. b. vi.

A passage down to the Earth.-Id. Paradise Lost, b. iii.
Who so vpon himselfe will take the skill
True justice vnto people to diuide,

Had need of mighty hands for to fulfill

That, which he doth with righteous doome decide,
And for to maister wrong and puissant pride.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 4.

The place of justice is an hallowed place; and therefore, purprise thereof, ought to be preserved without scandall and not only the bench, but the foot-pace, and precincts, and corruption.-Bacon. Ess. Of Judicature.

To those shires he constituted justices and sheriffs, called gerefas and shyrgerefes, the office of those two being before

confounded in vice domini, i. e. lieutenants.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 11. Selden. Illustrations. Besides, the now ripe wrath (deferr'd till now Of that sure and unfailing justicer, That never suffers wrong so long to grow, And to incorporate with right so far.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. v. When the people heard Aristides answer, they willed Themistocles to let his device alone, whatsoever it were: so great justicers were the Athenians, and so much did they trust Aristides' wisdom and equity besides. North. Plutarch, p. 284. From this beginning having run through many degrees of honours, he mounted up to this dignitie of præfecture, or justiceship.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 51.

O Saviour, the glittering palaces of proud justiciaries are not for thee; thou lovest the lowly and ragged cottage of a contrite heart.-Bp. Hall. Cont. Zaccheus.

Should but the king his justice-hood employ,
In setting forth of such a solemn toy,
How would he firk, like Adam Overdo,

Up and about.-B. Jonson. Expostulat. with Inigo Jones.
'Tis strange those times which brought such hands for
blood,

Had not bred tongues to make good any side;
And that no prostituted conscience stood,
Any injustice to have justify'd.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. vii.
iust, and a iustifier of him which is of the faith of Jesus.
To shewe at this time his righteousnesse, that he might be
Bible, 1583. Rom. iii. 26.

And pettish Jonas, after he had beene cooled in the belly of the whale, and the sea, yet will be bearing God downe in an argument to the justifying of his idle choler,-I doe well to be angry to the death.-Bp. Hall. The Great Impostor.

First, our position is only affirmative implying the jursfiablenesse and holynesse of an episcopall calling, with any further implication.-Bp. Hall. Humble Remonstrance.

You bring the confessions of the French and Dutch churches, averring the truth and justifiablencue of ther own government.—Id. Def. of the Humbie Remonstrance.

For liberty of franke speech, being a part of justification and defence in law, is allowed to use great words for plea. Holland. Plutarch, p. 251.

We may not thinke the justnesse of each acte
Such, and no other than euent doth form it,
Nor once deiect the courage of our minds.

Shakespeare. Troil. & Crea. Act ii. sc. 2. Would it become a just governor to permit his rebellions subjects, those who contemn his laws, to perserate such as were obedient to him, with a kind of scorn and vicieuce, stripes, imprisonments, torments, and death it and that for this very reason, because they were willing to do their duties, and to observe the laws? Would it be a reasonable excuse for such a ruler to say, that one of these ind received sufficient punishinent in the very commission of such crimes; and that the other had a sufficient reward, both of doing his duty, and in his suffering for it! GE could be more inconsistent with the rules of justice, and the wise ends of government.-Wilkins. Nat. Rel. b. i. c. 2. We act by fits and starts, like drowning men, But just peep up, and then pop down again.

Dryden. An Epilogue for the King's Hour.

It was thought necessary to make him repeat his confession in a court of judicature: so he was brought into the justiciary court, upon an indictment for the crime, to which it was expected he should plead guilty.

Strype. Memorials. King Charles, an. 1678.

So that, instrumentality, with some, in the business of justification, attribute to one single act of credence, is by this ascribed to the whole aggregate series of Gospel obedience, as being that which gives us a title to a perfect righteousness without us, by which alone we stand jus before God.-South, vol. iii. Ser. 4.

It is evident, that no man amongst us can justifiably plead weakness of conscience in that sense, in which their con sciences are weak, whom St. Paul deals with either in that Epistle of his to the Romans, or in this, to the Corinthians Id. Ib. Ser. 2.

He said, that there were none of them but had been guilty of telling lies at some time or other, or else they were not men, but justifiers of themselves and hypocrites; and so flung away to the alehouse, his common retreat.

Strype. Life of Parker, an. 1566, Tis not the truth of an assertion, but the skill of the disputant that keeps off a baffle; not the justness of a cause, but the valour of the soldiers that must win the field.

South, vol. i. Ser 4. Many of the poets, to describe the execution which is done by this passion, represent the fair sex as basilisks that destroy with their eyes; but I think Mr. Cowley has with greater justness of thought compared a beautiful woman a porcupine, that sends an arrow from every part.

Spectator, No. 377.

It appears to me highly improper to say, that God has a right; as it is also to say, that God is just. For nothing a ordered, directed, or commanded concerning God.

Tooke. Div. of Purley, pt. ii. c. 1. How Proserpine lately was chuckling to think She had just caught you napping on Phlegethon's brink Cambridge. To Osias Humphrey, Erg.

Justice is twofold, namely general or strict justice, which consists in observing the laws, and the aim of which is public good; and particular justice or equity, which aims at the good of individuals, and is then observed, when ene obtains no more good, and suffers no more evil, than is agreeable to humanity and common sense.

Beattie. Moral Science, pt. iii. e. 2

His [Stephen] brother had been made Bishop of Winchester, and by adding to it the place of his chief justSty the king [Henry I.] gave him an opportunity of becuting one of the richest subjects in Europe, and of extending an unlimited influence over the clergy and people.

Burke. Abridgement of English History, b. 5. c. J. Isaias speaks of times when miracles should be performed, and of a person who should open the eyes of the Mr and cause the lame to walk, and heal the diseased; which then Christ performed, he might justly affirm that he was the person promised by the prophet. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical Entory.