The Mark eagle is very common and destructive in Germy Beekstein says, that in an aery of one were found tapletons of three hundred ducks and forty hares; and th the rapine they commit in cultivated parts cannot be pated-Pennant. Zoology. AZURE. A'TURED. A ZURINE. AZURN. Fr. Azur; It. Azurro; Sp. Azul, from the Arabic Lazul, or Lazurd; Color cilestro, color Turchino, sky coloured, blue. The Arabic Lais applied to an earth or stone of a blue colour, oralem, (Menage.) Azure is applied by Chaucer to some precious stone. Caruleum or Azure, si its uses to the painter, are minutely described y Pliny, (Nat. Hist. b. xxxiii. c. 13.) Bit well I wot, a broche of gold and assure which a ruble set was like an herte reseite him yaue, and stacke it on his sherte. Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. iii. What woldest thou demen if a man woulde yeue three ers of nobles of gold, that were a precious gift? ye certes 21 And what (q.d. she) of as mokel azure? (q.d. I) a Audiens gift at full-Id. Test. of Loue, b. iii. In pourtraitures, storied with colours meddled, blacke, and other darke colours commenden the golden and the azured painture.-Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. ii. Also some of their women race their faces proportionally, as chinne, cheekes, and forehead, and the wrists of their hands, whereupon they lay a colour which continueth dark azurine.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 37. And on his shield enneloped seuenfold That deckt the azure field with her faire pouldred skin. (Weake masters though ye be) I haue bedymn'd He walkt with to support uneasie steps By the rushy fringed bank, Id. Comus. Direct his eye and contemplation through those azure fields and vast regions above him, up to the fixt stars, that radiant numberless host of heaven; and make him understand, how unlikely a thing it is, that they should be placed there only to adorn and bespangle a canopy over our heads. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 5. A'ZYME. Gr. Açuuos, without ferment, composed of a, priv. and Juun, ferment, (Menage.) See Azymus in Vossius. This word appears to have been used by the translators of the Bibles published at Douay and Rhemes. They had, (they said,) [i. e. the translators of K. James's bible], on the one side avoided the scrupulosity of the puritanes, who left the old ecclesiastical words and betook them to other, as when they put washing for baptism, and congregation for church; and on the other hand, had shunned the obscuritie of the papists in their azymes, tunike, rational, holocausts, prepuce, pasche, and a number of such like, whereof their late translation was full, and that of purpose to darken the sense, that since they must needs translate the Bible, yet by the language thereof it might be kept from being understood.-Preface to King James's Bible. BABBLE, v. BABBLE, R. BABLEMENT. B: OLER BABELING, A. RABLISHLY. D. Babelen; Fr. Babille; Gr. Βαβαζειν, Sw. Breablâ ; from the Heb. Babel, where, says Junius, the first confusion of speech arose. To babble, is to talk confuly, inarticulately; to prate idly, unreasonably, Carousiderately. Saale knew Samuell by Samuel's owne report; and a man is knowen by his tong; ergo, ministers are Incre by regce, learning, and doctrine: is not this a primer kind of reasoning? Is this the reuerence due to the szippants, thus bablishly to abuse them? Whitgift. Defence, p. 262. For this blessing is geuen to all them that trust in Christe's blend, that they thrust and hunger to do God's He that bath not this fayth, is but an vnprofitable warf faith, and workes, and wotteth neither what he kesh, nor what he meaneth, or wherunto his wordes prayne-Tyndall. Warkes, p. 66. *th frere Barnes I say telleth vs in effecte thys tale contrue to some other partes of his owne tale, I wel may and carte of all his bubble babbel that he maketh in telling that the general counsayles maye erre, because it maye reth, that they haue not the spirite of God with Len-Sur T. More. Workes, p. 754. And for this cause lette your women in solemn assem4 halide theyr peace, leste yf, (as that kynde is to muche babling, there aryse an vncomly confusion. Udal. Cor. c. 15. had a proper wytte, and could both reade and wryte, a enrapaigny, redy and quicke of answere, neyther For full of bable, somtyme tauntyng without displeaut not without disporte-Hall. Edw. V. *Why, what would you? Ts. Make me a willow cabine at your gate, We leral cantons of contemned loue, Aing them lowd euen in the dead of night: And make the babbling gossip of the aire, da for the most part grow into hatred and contempt sing, mock'd and deluded all this while with ragged -zta mé babblements, while they expected worthy and knowledge-Milton. On Education. The shakerz, er full of words, that is movλoyo, wherby same thing is signified; yet are not long prayers heere , but those that are vayne, fond, and superstitious. Whitgift. Defence, p. 804. B. When St. Paul was speaking of Christ, and his resurrection, the great Athenian philosophers looked upon all he said to be mere babbling.-Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 89. The dazzling pomp of words does oft deceive, Rowe. Golden Verses of Pythagoras. 'Tis not the babbling of a busy world, Churchill. The Conference. BA'BE. BA'BERY. BABY, n. BA'BY, adj. BABYISH. BA'BYHOOD. BA'BISH. Lloyd. Epistle to Churchill. A word, says Skinner, according to Menage, of Syriac origin. Skinner himself would derive it from the Italian, babbolo a babbo: but, as it is purely vox infantulis, and the infants of one country do not borrow from those of another, it needs no foreign etymology. It consists of the repetition of ba, (sc. ba ba,) the earliest, because easiest consonant uttered by children; and framed merely by the interception of the breath from the closure of the lips. Akin to it is the Gr. Пажжаs, paрa; Heb. Ab; Syr. Abba. Udal uses the verb, to babish; and Young, the verb, to baby. To deceive or delude, as babies; to treat as babies, who are easily deceived, or cheated; deluded, or played upon. To be leyve leelly upon that litel baby. Piers Plouhman, p. 326. You, whome it behoued nowe to be strong and stablished in euangelicall Philosophie, haue nede as yet lyke tendre babes to be fed with the mylke of lowest doctryne: rather then be meete to receyue the strong meate of higher learnyng. Udal. Hebrues, c. 5. and the moste parte of the spirituall men also, thynkynge When the duke had doen, the temporal menne wholy, no hurte earthely ment toward the younge baby, condiscended in effecte, that yf he wer not deliuered he shoulde bee fetched oute.-Bp. Hall. Edw. V. God therfore of mercye, not wyllynge to lose that people of hys, but fauourably to beare with their babysh weakenes, gaue fourth certen rules and preceptes by hys seruaunt Moses.-Bale. Apology, Pref. And thus hitherto that same oure heauenly soueraigne lord and prince, who had for oure sakes adbassed and humbled hymselfe downe euen to swadlyng cloutes, to the cradle, to crying in his swathing bandes as other children doe, and to the strengthlesse babehoode of the bodye, was preached and declared to the worlde by the onelye testy monie of other folkes talkyng.-Udal. Luke, c. 2. 'Neuerthelesse we do not thus babyshe womankynde, as thoughe we woulde exclude them from the felowshyp of saluation.-Id. Timothye, c. 3. If a yong jentleman be demure and still of nature, they say he is simple and lacketh witte; if he be bashfull and will soone blushe, they call him a babishe and ill brought up thynge.-Ascham. The Scholemaster, b. i. How many a brave peer, thy too near allies, Drayton. The Miseries of Queen Margaret. To the child's speech impediment it brought, Id. Moses. His Birth, b. i. Lift vp thy brow (renowned Salisburie) Shakespeare. King John, Act v. sc. 2. Another taught her babes to talk, And orators from Athens sprung.-Prior. Alma, c. 2. Young. Complaint, Night 6. BABOON.D. Bavaien. BA'BION. cording to Skinner and Menage; because, says the former, it very greatly resembles the human race. Amo. I am neither your minotaure, nor your centaure. nor your satyre, nor your hyæna, nor your babion, but your mere travailer, believe me.-B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revells. Of all the rest that most resembles man, Was an o'erworn ill-favoured babian; Which of all other (for that only he Was full of tricks, as they are us'd to be) Him in her craft so seriously she taught, As that in little time she had him brought, That nothing could afore this ape be set, That presently he could not counterfeit. Drayton. The Moon-Calf. Unto whom [Bacchus] was yearely celebrated the feast bacchanal the tenth day of the moneth Antesterion, lyke as the Ionyans, who be desceded of ye Athenias, do yet at this preset holde it for trouth.-Nicolls. Thucydides, p. 50. In honour of whom [Bacchus] the old bacchanalian feasts are celebrated on the twelfth day of the menth Anthesterion: which custom is still retained to this day by the Ionians of Attic descent.-Smith. Ib. Some called him Bacchus, because of the great number of shamelesse drunken bacchanalian women, which followed him with clamors and outcryes, whom he taught to gather fruits, and to presse them, whereof they made drinke, and were daily drunk.-Stow. Chronicles. Brief Abstract. In halls Carthusian fasts and fulsome bacchanals Pope. Imit. of Donne. Surely those who are acquainted with the hopes and fears of eternity, might think it necessary to put some restraint upon their imagination: and reflect that by echoing the songs of the ancient bacchanals, and transmitting the maxims of past debauchery, they not only prove that they want invention, but virtue.-Johnson. Rambler, No. 29. BACHELOR. Fr. Bachelier; It. BacceBACHELORSHIP. liere; Sp. Bacchiler; A. S. Bachilers, Baccalaurii, (Lye); but without citing any authority. Somner has not the word. Wachter suggests, that when applied to students in theology, it may be compounded of the Saxon boc, liber, biblia, and lareow, doctor: and when applied to persons of a certain military rank, he approves of the etymology of Fauchet, viz. that Bachelers are so called, quasi bas chevaliers, because they were lower in dignity than the milites bannereti; with, though behind, whom they were allowed to sit. He rejects, as destitute of authority, the opinion of Calepinus, that a chaplet of laurel berries was placed upon them, and that they were thence called Baccalaurei. The word has probably but one origin, which would account for its various applications. Kilian adopts the opinion of Ludovicus Vives, that that soldier is called Battalarius, who has once been engaged in battle (battalia); and also, in literary warfare, he is called Battalarius, who has publicly engaged in dispute upon any subject. See also Du Cange and Menage. Bachelor is now generally applied to any man before his marriage. Ben Jonson applies it to an unmarried woman. Ych wol the marie wel with the thridde part of my londe, Phebus, that was flour of bachelerie, So thro' the whole course of his bachellorship there was never any one in the then memory of man (so I have been informed by certain seniors of that college at my first coming thereunto) that ever went beyond him [John Hales] for subtle disputations in philosophy, for his eloquent declamations and orations; as also for his exact knowledge in the Greek tongue.-Wood. Athena Oxon. vol. ii. p. 109. It would not, methinks, be amiss if an old batchelor, who lives in contempt of matrimony, were obliged to give a portion to an old maid who is willing to enter into it. Tatler, No. 261. It must disappoint every reader's expectation, that, when at the usual time he [Swift] claimed the bachelorship of arts, he was found by the examiners too conspicuously deficient for regular admission, and obtained his degree at last by special favor; a term used in that university to denote want of merit.-Johnson. Life of Swift. BACK, v. BACK, П. BACK, ad. BA'CKED. A. S. Bac, Bac; Ger. Bach; Sw. Bak. See BACKWARD. To back a horse, is to mount upon a horse's back; and also to move him backwards. To back a friend, &c. is to stand to his back, to support, uphold, assist, encourage him. Back is much used as a prefix: before nouns it may be denoted an adjective; before verbs, an adverb. Philip of Flandres fleih & turned sonne the bak, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1052. This moder is deuided on the backhalfe with a line that cometh discendynge fro the ring downe to the netherest bordure. Id. The Conclusions of the Astrolabie. Where behynde a man's backe For though he preise, he fint some lacke, That all the price shall ouercaste.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii. Not the bewtie of his body, not the great occasio of sinne, were able to pull him back into the voluptuouse brode way, that leadeth to hell.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 6. Richarde the Third, little of stature, ill fetured of limmes, croke backed, his left shoulder much higher then his right, hard fauoured of visage.-Id. Ib. p. 37. Then tooke she her strong lance, with steele made keene, BACKBITE. BA'CKBITER. BACKBITING. A word truly elegant, says Skinner, and worthy to be compared with any of Greek composition: it signifies To calumniate the absent, to detract or dero gate from the reputation of the absent; formed from our back and bite, q. d. to bite at the back o any one, (i. e.) when he averts his face, and pre sents his back. To defame, to slander, to revile, (any one ab sent.) In A. S. Bacslitol, from Slitan, to slit, to tear in picces, is a backbiter, a slanderer. Gut am ich brocor of bagge bytynge. and blame menne My britheren nyle ye bacbite ech othire: he that bacbiti his brothir, either that demeth his brothir, bacbitith the law and demeth the lawe.-Wiclif. James, c. 4. Backbite not one another, brethre. He that backbiteth h brother, and he that iudgeth hys brother, backebiteth t lawe, and iudgeth the law.-Bible, 1551. Ib. This sinne of backbiting or detracting hath certain spic as thus: som man preiseth his neighbour by a wicked tente, for he maketh alway a wicked knotte at the last en alway he maketh a but at the last ende, that is digne more blame, than is worth all the preising. The seco spice is, that if a man be good, or doth or sayth a thing good entente, the backbiter wol turne all that goodnesse so doun to his shrewde entente. Chaucer. The Personnes T -Many envious tale is stered, Where that it maie not be answered. But yet full ofte it is beleued And many a worthy loue is greued Through backbityng of fals enuie.-Gower. Con. A. b He [M. Marcellus] knew full well that there were m Sicilians in the townes and villages neere unto the backbiters and slaunderers of him, whom for his owne he was so far off from hindering, but that they might fi for all him, divulgate and publish abroad in Rome, all t crimes which were devised and spoken against him b adversaries.-Holland. Livy, p. 604. And the apostle ranks back-biters with fornicators, murderers, and haters of God; and with those of whom expressly said that they shall not inherit the kingdo God.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 43. What region can afford a worthy place He brought our Saviour to the western side Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv. The other Highlanders, who did not such military execuId. The Manciple's Tale, v. 17,074. tions, yet were good at robbing: and when they had got as much as they could carry home on their backs, they deserted. Burnet. Own Time, b. i. And if thou were of suche lignage, That thou to me were of parage, And that thy father were a pere, As he is nowe a bachilere. So siker as I haue a life, Thou shuldest than be my wife.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. Faire maide send forth thine eye, this youthful parcell Of noble balchellors, stand at my bestowing, Wee doe not truste your vncle, hee woulde keepe you But in a sicknesse.-B. Jonson. The Magnetick Lady. Sin is never at a stay; if we do not retreat from it, we shall advance in it; and the farther on we go, the more we have to come back.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 16. See I not gaunt revenge, ensanguin'd slaughter, For ghostly counsel; if it either fall Below the exigence, or be not back'd To slide, or slip, back; (sc.) from good virtuous principles or practices; to return to to forsake or abandon good for evil. Onias with many lyke backfallers from God fl Egypte.-Joye. Expos. of Daniel, c. 11. Corrupting Nero to all kinde of mischiefe, some attempting vnwitting to him, and at last a traitor an slider from him; whereupon both the ill and well w Nero, vpon diuers respects, cried out importunatly him away.-Savile. Tacitus. Hist. b.i. Neither fear, neither danger, neither yet doubti backsliding, can utterly destroy and quench the God's elect, but that alwayes there remaineth wit some root and spark of faith, howbeit in their angui neither feel nor can discern the same. John Knox. The Admonitio I have tasted of the sweetness of the heavenly gif the powers of the world to come, yet I have fallen my carnal temper, from the holy ways of God, a again backslided and wallowed in my former po from which I seemed sometimes to be cleansed and Hopkins. Work He is able to save the oldest sinners, those that quently relapsed into the same sins, and the grea most notorious backsliders, if they do but at last re return to him.-Id. Ib. p. 536. Here meeting with a smooth, though slippery path, I hurried on, but with back sliding haste, West. The Triumphs of the Gout. Swine's flesh dried by heat. The bacon was not fit for him, I trow, Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prol. v. 5799. J. Beaumont. Horace, b. ii. Sat. 6. What frightens you thus, my good son?" says the priest: You murder'd, are sorry, and have been confest." O father! my sorrow will scarce save my bacon: For 'twas not that I murder'd, but that I was taken.' Prior. The Thief and the Cordelier. BACKWARD, n. From back and ward. Ward in the A. S. Ward, BACKWARD, U. BACKWARD, adj. or weard, is the imperative BACKWARD, Or of the verb wardian, or BACKWARDS, ad. weardian, to look at, or to BACKWARDLY. direct the view. (Tooke, BACKWARDNESS. i. 408.) Ward may with propriety be joined to the name of any person, pace, or thing, to or from which our view or sight ay be directed. In Shakespeare, "The dark backward or abysm of time;" is the point of me back, or passed, to which our view may be Erected: to be backward, is to be after or behand others, or (met.) as those are, whose sight, views, thoughts, wishes, inclinations are directed back; and who thus are slow, dilatory, unwilling, reluctant; (sc.) to step or move forward. R. Be him ran, a stroke on him he fest, He smote him in the helm, bakward he bare his stroupe. And then, Simois, that as an arow clere returne backwarde to thy well. Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. iv. He ran, but ran with eye o're shoulder cast, That this lines in thy minde? What seest thou els Shakespeare. Tempest, Act i. sc. 2. Amongst all other encumbrances and delays in our way to heaven, there is no one that doth so clog and trash, so Caadvantage and backward us, and in fine, so cast us behind icar race; as a contentedness in a formal worship of God, acquiescence and resting satisfied in outward performaces-Hammond, Ser. 15. On each hand the flames Our Britaines' hearts dye flying, not our men. Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act v. sc. 3. Pr in my conscience, I was the first man Tatere received guift from him. does he thinke so backwardly of me now, Deep would he sigh, and seem empassion'd sore, Let me therefore beseech you once again to be serious in your He sent a messenger to the old king of Aromaia, named To, who came the next day before noon, on foot, these, and return'd the same evening, being tast miles backwards and forwards, though himself Oldys. Life of Sir W. Ralegh. webadred and ten years of age. Where then lies the difficulty; what should be the cause whence, further, in Wachter's opinion, the Fr. of all this backwardness which we see in men to so plain, so Bague, a ring: which likewise is applied to the necessary, and so beneficial a duty? Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 24. Young, Sat. 1. BAD. BA'DNESS. In the Goth. we find bauths, surdus, baudai, surdi: and Junius observes, that, as whatever has lost its odour or its savour is called surdum in Latin, so in the Codex Argenteus, baud is, insipidus, fatuus. Luke xiv. 34. Gabai salt baud wairthith; sic sal evanuerit, (infatuetur, Beza.) And he suggests, that from this last acceptation of the word, we may have taken our bad, malus, inutilus. (Junius, Goth. Gloss. p. 85.) That which is bad then, would be like salt which has lost its savour; i.e. of no use, unfit for any useful purpose; corrupted, spoilt. As Mad is from the A. S. Mat-an, and Sad from A. S. Sæt-an, may not Bad be from the A. S. Beat-an, to beat: thus, beat-ed, or bated, bat'd, bad; i.e. beaten, or worsted; and then used actively? Tooke thinks it is the past part. of the verb To Bay, i.e. to vilify, to bark at, to reproach, to express abhorrence, hatred, defiance, &c. Bayed, Baed, i.e. Bay'd, Ba'd, abhorred, hated, defied, i.e. Bad. (Div. of Purley, Svo ed.) Bad, consequentially, is— Hurtful, injurious, destructive, mischievous, vicious, wicked, ill; worthless, depraved. So longe hom spedde baddeliche, that hii migte as wel Of sondry doutes thus they jangle and trete, Of thinges, that ben made more subtilly, Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,538. The good fortune as the bad.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. I told ye then he should prevail and speed When he [Sylla] was in his chiefest authority, he would Thereupon puffed vp with pride, as a conquerour of publicke seruitude, he [Nero] went to the capitoll, and gaue thanks to the gods: letting loose the raines to all lusts and licenciousnes of life, which before badly restrained, yet the reuerence towards his mother, such as it was, did in some sort bridle.-Grenewey. Tacitus. Annales, b. xiv. It will be a third good use of what has been discoursed, if we learn from thence, not to measure doctrines by persons, or persons by doctrines; that is, not to make one a complete rule and standard, whereby to judge of the goodness or badness of the other.-Atterbury, vol. iv. Ser. 2. Every one must see and feel, that bad thoughts quickly ripen into bad actions; and that if the latter only are forbid den, and the former left free, all morality will soon be at an BADGE. The badness of the weather likewise, for several years past, obliges me to think of making some abatements in my rents, which I cannot possibly settle unless I am present. Melmoth. Pliny, b. x. Let. 11. Skinner thinks from the Dutch, Bagghe, gemma; from the Lat. BA'DGELESS. Bacca; and thence also the Fr. Bague, a ring. In the A. S. we find "Beage, corona, sertum, a crown, a garland: also, Armilla, monile, a bracelet to wear on the arm or wrist; a jewell to hang about one's neck, a necklace:" perhaps, says Somner, from the A. S. Bugan, or Bygan, to bend, to curve, to bow; whence also the Bar. Lat. Bauca and Bauga, armilla; and reward bestowed on, or prize gained by, him, that does best in any game or exercise, (Cotgrave.) Hence, then, to any Mark, or note, sign or ensign, of distinction. Christ hath so lefte loue and charity for ye badge of his christe people, that he comaudeth euery mã so largelye to loue other, that his loue shold exted & stretch vnto his enу, Sir T. More. Workes, p. 314. If thou wylte take vpon the to be Christes disciple, see that Their hands and faces were all badg'd with blood, Look up, languishing soul! Lo where the faire And bids thee ne'er forget Of love to him, who on this painful tree Crashaw. The Hymn of the Holy Cross. Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 5. The great badge of our religion, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, is so shamefully laid aside, that a great part of the kingdom never receive it at all, and very few as often as the law requires.-Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 24. The fact is, that charity, or love to man in all its extent, being the most eminent of all the evangelical virtues, being To badger, is to hunt, pursue, pester, persecute; as the badger is hunted, bayed, barked at, &c. Hys [the apes] wyse wylye confessoure sware after vnto the Bageard, that he was weary to syt so long and heare him.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1183. These being the holiest things, were to be taken down and trussed up by the priests, some of them in blue silk, some in scarlet, some in purple cloth, all in badgers' skins, and the bars and carriages to be put to them by the priests, as is prescribed-Spellman. On Tythes, p. 84. The fangs of a bear, and the tusks of a wild boar, do not bite worse, and make deeper gashes, than a goosequill sometimes; no not the badger himself, who is said to be so tenacious of his bite, that he will not give over his hold till he feels his teeth meet, and the bones crack. Howell, b. ii. Let. 2. In the case of hunting the fox or the badger, a man cannot justify breaking the soil, and digging him out of his earth: for though the law warrants the hunting of such noxious animals for the public good, yet it is held that such things must be done in an ordinary and usual manner. BAFFLE, v. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 12. Of unsettled etymology. Fr. Beffler, from the It. Beffare, to deceive, mock, or gull with fair words, &c.-Fr. Baffouer, to baffle, abuse, revile, disgrace, handle basely in terms, give reproachful words to. Junius thinks these French words have some affinity with the Dutch Baffen or Bluffen, to bark, (to bay,) whence also Verblaffen and Verbluffen, to baffle, to put out of countenance. In addition to the above explanations— To baffle, is to defeat by perplexing, confusing, deceiving; to render or make useless, and ineffectual. And furthermore, the erle bad the herauld to saye to his master, that if he for his part kept not his appoyntment, then he was content, that the Scottes should baffull him, which is a great reproche among the Scottes, and is vsed when a man is openly periured, and then they make of hymn an image paynted reuersed, with hys heles vpwarde, with hys name, wonderyng, cryenge and blowing out of hym with hornes, in the moost dispitefull manner they can. În token that he is too be exiled the compaignie of all good creatures. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5. First, he is beard did shaue, and foully shent If you get but once handsomly off, you are made ever after; for you will be free from all baffles and affronts. Howell, b. ii. Let. 14. We may here take notice of another stratagem and policy of the devil in this, both to obscure the miracles of our Saviour Christ, and to weaken men's faith in the Messiah, and baffle the notion of it.-Cudworth. Intel. System, p. 269. Experience, that great baffler of speculation, assures us the thing is too possible, and brings, in all ages, matter of fact to confute our speculations.-Gov. of the Tongue. But, though the felon on his back could dare Cowper. Task, b. vi. BAG, v. A. S. Bælge, Balig, (belly.) Dut. BAG, n. Balgh; Ger. Baly. To bag, is to belly out, to swell; to bag game, &c. is to put into a bag. To bag, in Chaucer, is to swell with pride, arrogance, self-conceit She goeth vpright, and yet she halt That baggeth foule, and loketh faire.-Chaucer. Dreame. Id. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 1312. I sawe enuy in that painting Or ouerthwart, all baggingly.-Id. Rom. of the Rose. Which thing we should shortly doe, if we wold once tourne oure wallette that I tolde you of, and the bagge with other folkes faultes cast at oure backe, and caste the bagge that bereth our own faultes, cast it once before vs at our brest. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 233. For that (as some hold) the females, or does of that kind, by licking of salt only, will conceive and be bagged without the company of males or bucks.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 597. How doth an unwelcome dropsie bagge up the eyes, and mishape the face and body, with unpleasing and unkindly tumors.-Hall. The Fall of Pride. This Gillippus did rip the seams of every bag in the bottom where the money was, and took a good sum out of every of them: and afterwards sewed them up again, not thinking that there had been a border upon every bag, upon the which was declared, the number and kinds of gold and silver that were therein.-North. Plutarch, p. 378. Every one fancied himself threatned by the apparition as she [Poverty] stalked about the room, and began to lock their coffers, and tie their bags, with the utmost fear and trembling.-Tatler, No. 123. True to his charge, the close pack'd load behind, And having dropp'd th' expected bag, pass on. Cowper. Task, b. iv. BAGGAGE. Į From the same root as Bag. BAGGAGER. Dut. Bagagie; Fr. Bagage; It. Bagaglie; Sp. Bagajes; Sw. Bagage. It is applied to The furniture, utensils and other articles, bagged, or conveyed in bags, for the use of an army, a traveller, &c. Also to such articles in whatever manner conveyed; to any luggage, package; to the attendants upon such luggage, male or female. To women of a similar character to those who follow with the baggage; and, less strictly, to any playful, wanton, or saucy female. And to the barge me thought echone Horse male, trusse, ne baggage.-Chaucer. Dreame. Howe hansomly they vpholde, and how stubburnely they continue theyr popyshe baggage of dumme ceremonies, idolatrous worshyppynges.-Udal. Ephes. Prologue. After this the hole campe remoued wyth bag and baggage. and the same nyght in the euenyng kynge Henry with great pompe came to the towne of Leycester. Hall. K. Rich. III. an. 3. The whole camp fled amain, the victuallers and baggagers forsaking their camps, and running all away for very fear. Ralegh. Hist. of the World, b. iii. c. 10. s. 3. The lord deputy would not listen to any treaty with the contederates ot traitors and rebels; no, not so much as to their departure with bag and baggage, or free passage to any one particular person; nothing but an absolute surrender. Oldys. Life of Sir W. Ralegh. One of them, that was older and more sunburnt than the rest, told him, that he had a widow in his line of life: upon which the knight cryed, Go, go, you are an idle baggage; and at the same time smiled upon me.-Spectator, No. 130. You have long desired a visit from your grand-daughter. accompanied by me. For this purpose our baggage is actually making ready, and we are hastening to you with all the expedition the roads will permit. Melmoth. Pliny, b. iv. Let. 1. Olivia and Sophia, too, promised to write, but seem to have forgotten me. Tell them they are two arrant little baggages, and that I am this moment in a most violent passion with them, yet still I know not how, though I want to bluster a little, my heart is respondent only to softer emotions.-Goldsmith. Vicar of Wakefield. BAGPIPE, n. Į A wind instrument. From BAGPIPER. bag and pipe: the bag to hold or contain the air; the pipe, through which it is emitted or expelled. A baggepipe wel coude he blowe and soune, Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 567. I say to the that it is right well done, that pilgremys haue with them both syngers, and also pipers, that whan one of them that goeth barfote striketh his too upon a stone, and hurteth hym sore, and maketh hym to blede; it is well done that he or his felow begyn than a songe, or else take out of his bosome a bagge-pype for to driue away with soche myrthe the hurte of his felow. State Trials. Trial of William Thorpe, Hen. IV. an. 8. Now, by two-headed Janus Nature hath fram'd strange fellowes in her time: Some that will euermore peepe through their eyes, And laugh like parrats at a bag-piper. Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act i. sc. 1. Dorilus his dog doth chide, Lays his well-tun'd bagpipe by, Drayton. The Shepherd's Sirena. Dryden. The Medal. BAIL, v. Fr. Bailler, to deliver; Dutch, BAIL, n. Bael, Bailliu; (in its legal apBA'ILABLE. plication) because a defendant, BAILIFF. &c. is delivered or bailed to his BA'ILY. sureties, upon their giving secuBA'ILIWICK. rity for his appearance. BA'ILMENT. Bailiff, a person to whom authority, care, guardianship, or jurisdiction, is delivered. Bail or baillie, the extent or compass, limit, or bound, of such jurisdiction. Bailment. See the quotation from Blackstone. To the baylys of the toun hastiliche heod wende, Now wendes duke Henry vnto Normandie, R. Brunne, p. 127. Shireues, balifes he ches, that office couthe guye. Now brother, quod this Sompnour, I you pray, Id. p. 281. Chaucer. The Freres Tale, v. 7002. And the baylyf seide withynne himsilf, what schal I do ; for my lord takith awey fro me the baylie, delue may I not; I schame to begge.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 16. The next mornyng betymes, therle departed fro Tiorney, and came to saynt Amande, on the syde towards Mortayne; and incōtynet they made assaute, feers and cruell, and wan at the first the bayles, and came to the gate towarde Mortaygne.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 60. Howbeit, somtyme vitaylers would aduenture themselfe for wynning, when the hoost was aslepe to put themselfe within the bailes of Andwarpe, and so had into the towne. Id. Ib. vol. i. c. 354. Euery denizen to fynde suertie for his good abearyng, and al the other if they would be bayled to fynde suerties for their trueth and allegeaunce or els to be kept in prison, for the portes were so kept that they could not five. Hall. Hen. VIII. an 14. And shortly after, by great laboure and suyte made, al the forsayd persones, which shuld be in the kepyng of y baylly of the castell of Wyndesore were delyuered, and cam to London.-Fabyan. Hen. III. an. 1266. Architas, whan he had ben a long space out of his coun trey, & at his retourne foude his possessyons and goode dystroyed and wasted, sayde to his balyfe, I wolde surel punysshe the, if I shulde not be angry. Elyot. Governor, b. iii. c. 20 After which ende thus made, consulat of the towne wer restoryd agayne to theyr habyte and rule, and to them wa admytted all theyr former oflycys and rule of ye towne, ex cepte the offyce of ballywycke.-Fabyan. Rich. II. an. 1377 Also the keeper of Newgate was sent to the Marshalsea for giuing liberty to Doctor Powell and Doctor Abell hi prisoners to go under baile.-Stow. Hen. VIII, an. 1540. Banks. Why, foolish boy, dost thou know him? Cud. No matter if I do or not. He's bailable, I am sure by law. But if the dog's word will not be taken, mine shall Banks. Thou bail for a dog. Ford. The Witch of Edmonton, Act iv. sc. 1 Whereas the time and space of life is very short that i given unto man, as short as it is, yet sleep, as Ariston sait! like unto a false baily or publicane, taketh the half there for itself.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 812. Though he [Lord Danby] offered a very long and learne argument for their bailing him, the judges of the King Bench, even Sanders himself, were afraid to meddle in i But Jeffries was bolder, so he bailed him. Bp. Burnet. Own Time, b. ii In England the person imprisoned has a right to mak himself be brought before one of the twelve judges; and that judge, after considering the case, find that the offend is bailable, the person is admitted to bail; and the la declares that excessive bail shall not be required. Beattie. Moral Science, vol. ii. pt. li. c. The sheriff being answerable for the misdemeanors these bailiffs, they are therefore usually bound in an oblig tion with sureties for the due execution of their office, a thence are called bound-bailiffs; which the common peop have corrupted into a much more homely appellation. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. As the king's bailiff, it is his business to preserve t rights of the king within his bailiwick; for so his county frequently called in the writs; a word introduced by t princes in the Norman line, in imitation of the Fren whose territory is divided into bailiwicks, as that of E land into counties.-Id. Ib. Bailment, from the French bailler, to deliver, is a deliv of goods in trust, upon a contract expressed or impli that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of bailee.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 30. BAIN, v. BAIN, n. BA'GNIO. Fr. Baigner; It. Bagnare; S Bannare. All from the Lat. B neum, (Baneum, banum, ba Menage.) Balneum, perhaps Пapa то anоВа Tas avias: quod pellat ex animo dolorem ac tristitio (Voss.) To wet, to wash, to bathe. They lefte no gentylmen's house vnbrent or cast down the erth; and thanne they cume agayne to Marlle, the e house, and beate downe all that they had left städyng bef and ther they founde the cradell wherein the erle was in his youthe, and brake it all to peces, and a fayre ba wherin he was wont to be bayned; also they beate downe chappell, and bare away the bell. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. And when salt teares do bain my brest. Where loue his pleasaunt traines hath sowen, Her beauty hath the fruites opprest, Ere that the buds were sprong and blowne. Surrey. The Restless S And Priam eke in vaine how he did runne When I awaking all inragde doe baine my breast with streames, And make my smokie sighes to skyes, their vpwarde waie to take, Thus with a surge of teares bedewde, (O bed) I thee forsake.-Turberville. To his Bed. Taking no pleasure nor delight in the world afterw no more than the bain-keeper's poor asse, which can billets and fagots of drie brush and sticks to kindle fir to heate the stouphes, is evermore full of smoak, soot, and sinders; but hath no benefit at all of the bain, a never bathed, washed, warmed, rubbed, scoured, and clean.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 174. Though watchful servants to the bagnio come, They're ne'er admitted to the bathing room. Congreve. Ovid, b. iii. im BAIRN or BARNE, i. e. BARN, (qv.); so nounced; and also so written in ancient ba See in Percy. BAIT, n. A. S. Bitan, to bait or bite. BAIT, C. Bit or Bait, whether used (like BAITING, n.) morso, morceau, or morsel,) for a small piece, part, or portion of any thing; or for that part of a bridle, which is put into a horse's uth; or for that hasty refreshment which man or beast takes upon a journey; or for that temptato which is offered by treachery to fish or fool; is but one word differently spelled, and is the past part of the verb, to bite. (Tooke, v. ii. p. 122.) eres and dayes fleet this creature Thurghout the see of Grece, unto the straite of Maroc, as it was hire aventure: O many a sory mele now may she baite. Chascer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4887. Whehe thyng whan the crafty temptoure perceyued, kyng hym to be nothyng but a man, (althoughe in dede a table and a wonderfull man,) he casteth his hooke, ged with ye enticement of vayne glory, for therwith y they be taken, which seme to endeuour to the hyest erferion-Udal. Matthew, c. 4. For many men be not onely by his prosperose successe anned supposing it to be diuine and perpetuall, (but also ethel be bounde to him by giftes and benefits) thei be A were fysshes take with a swete beyght. Joye. The Exposicion of Daniel, c. 8. And for a traith begilde with self conceit, I thought that men would throwe rewards on me; But as a fish seld bites without a baight, So one unforst, men's needs will hear or see. Gascoigne. A Remembravnce. & they tryed at Douer tyll theyr horses were unshypped, than they rode to Caunterbury: and wheresoeuer they erlay, their hostes were payed: at last they came to E and there they founde Kyng Henry and part of his we-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 246. A oft hast thou fish'd, but sped not straight, P. Fletcher. Piscatory Eclogue. Within the gloomy hole of this pale wight, G. Fletcher, Christ's Triumph on Earth. For the fame goeth, that Hercules vpon a time, after hee adine Geryen, drave that way exceeding faire oxen, and here the river Tibris, where hee had swum ouer with his tave are him, laid him downe in a faire greene meddow, w to refresh himself, being wearie of his way, as also treat and bait his cattell in so plentifull grasse and forage. Holland. Livy, p. 7. Donne. An Elegy. L. The rinsing way we 'll follow, We bait, that men may bite fair, and not be frighted. Beaum & Fitch. The Wild Goose Chase, Act iii. sc. 1. Fur tempted with imaginary bays, Fed with immortal hopes and empty praise; Per this misfortune careless Jane, And madam, getting up again, With her own hand the mouse-trap baited. Prior. A Reasonable Affliction. The diet was scarcely published, when all the traps in Alas! expect it not. We found no bait pt as in thy country. Doing good, interested good, is not our trade.-Cowper. Task, b. i. He a hundred years, or e'er so few, A were thousands meet, but none can stay, BAIT, BAIT,& Fawkes. The Miseries of Old Age. Baizen, incitare canes vel falcones venandi causa. Verel, in Ind. Beita, incitare falcones aut canes pradam. (Wachter.) In Chaucer, Huce's Tale, v. 87, (says Junius) the stake to which bears, bulls, &c. are fastened to be attacked by dogs is called, baye. "As boistous as is bere at bay." Hence (he adds) is baighte; now written baite. And it is Formed regularly from to bay (qv.), thus Bayed, bay'd, bayt, bait. He shall be baighted as a bere. Chaucer. Plowman's Tale, v. 588. Tyndal saith that ther is nothyng heard in the church among us, but houtyng, buzsyng, and crying out, lyke halowyng of the foxe or bayting of beares. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 414. If the quere bee lowde; then they crye oute. If they synge anye thyng; yet they halowe and baite. Id. Ib. c. 1. p. 415. Factious quarels and enmities there were exceeding many, that tormented him; and he plagued others with as many: and hard it is to say or set downe, whether hee were urged and pressed upon by the nobilitie, or himselfe coursed and baited them more.-Holland. Livivs, p. 1050. Iniurious Hermia, most vngratefull maid, Shakespeare. Mids. Night's Dreame, Act iii. sc. 2. Holland. Suetonius, p. 164. Withouten bake mete never was his hous, Chaucer. Prologue, v. 346. Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,141. She saide her husbande was so wayward that he woulde neuer be pleased. For if his brede quod she be dowe baken, than he is angry. Mary, no meruayle & her gossep. Mary and wote ye what gossep, quod she. And if I bake it all to harde colys, yet is he not content neither. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 208. For the aungell affirmed it (and Daniel sawe before his fete to be made and bakt but of britel bakkery) his bodye therfore now releth and staggerth. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 12. I hold that curiosities, baking of meats, and superfluous provisions upon this day are to be avoided, as being an unnecessary breaking of the rest of this day, and unbeseeming the solemnity of it.-Haie. Cont. On the Lord's day. The same day in the afternoone, were two men hanged on a gibbet in Paules Church yard by martial law, the one John Egerley, seruant to the Duke of Suffolke, and late Sheriffe of Leicester, the other a baker, one of the white coates sent out of the cittie against Wyat. ascertain, state, and settle the difference of the proportions, sums, or amounts. Among hem alle hii were syker al, wythoute balance, Ten thousand mark and mo, that now er in balance, Ye wolden not forgon his acquaintance Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Prol. v. 16,081. Gower. Con. A. b. vii. And lo a blak hors, and he that saat on him hadde a balance in his hond.-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 6. And I beheld, and lo a blacke hors: and he that sate on him, had a payre of balances in hys hande.-Bible, 1551. Ib. He said, that he would all the earth vp-take, And all the sea divided each from eyther: So would he of the fire one ballaunce make, And one of th' ayre, without or wind or weather; Then would he ballaunce heaven and hell together, And all that did within them all containe. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2. The Gauls at the first privily began to deal falsly with them; but afterwards they openly stayed the ballance, and would not let them weigh no more, whereat the Romans began to be angry with them. Then Brennus in scorn and mockery to despight them more, pluckt off his sword. girdle and all, and put it into the ballance where the gold was weighed.-North. Plutarch, p. 124. He [Mr. Rushworth] asks, Who is so blind, as not to see that these things are to be found in Scripture by a sensible, common, and discreet reading of it; though perhaps by a rigorous and exact balancing of every particular word and syllable, any of these things would vanish away-we know not how?-Tillotson. Rule of Faith, pt. ii. s. 3. Him Science taught by mystic lore to trace Falconer. The Shipwreck, c. 1. As sure as God is just, and the gospel is true, so surely will the judgments of the last day be inflicted on all impenitent offenders, not promiscuously and indiscriminately, but in weight and measure precisely balancing their several demerits.-Porteus, vol. i. Ser. 15. BALCONY, or BALCONY. Fr. Balcon, from the It. Balcone; from the Lat. Pal Duchat and Skinner agree, from the Ger. Balck, cus, palco, palconis, palcone, Balcone, (Menage.) a beam. Vox (balco) a Francis relicta, says Wachter; and from it, he and Ihre think the It. Balco is taken. A platform, on the outside of a window, supStow. Q. Mary. an. 1554. ported by beams projecting from the wall. For the cariage whereof, hee tooke up even the passengers wagons that usually were hired, yea, the very jades which serued mils and backe-houses.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 141. But pass-the Esculapian crew, Who eat and quaff the best, Or lin to break their fast.-Prior. Wandering Pilgrim. BALANCE, v. BALANCE, n. BA'LANCER. Cowper. Task, b. i. Dut. Balance; Fr. Ba Balanga Lat. Bilanz; from BALANCING, n. bis and lanx. Lanx libræ is the plate, platter or basin in which the things to be weighed, or divided and distributed according to their weight, were placed; perhaps from lancinare, to divide or distribute, or separate into portions. See Vossius-Lancea et lanx. To divide by weight into equal proportions; to bring to an equipoise; to keep in equipoise; to have equal weight, force, power, influence. To try or prove the proportions; to hesitate, to waver or totter on the beam of the scales, when the weights are equal. To distribute and arrange accounts, so as to This fair, and animated night, Sherburne. Night And who shall silence all the airs and madrigals that whisper softness in chambers? The windows also, and the balconies must be thought on; there are shrewd books, with dangerous frontispieces, set for sale; who shall prohibit them, shall twenty licensers? Milton. Speech for the Lib. of Unlic. Printing. As clever Tom Clinch, while the rabble was bawling, Rode stately through Holbourn to die in his calling; The maids to the doors and the balconies ran, And said, "Lack-a-day, he's a proper young man." Swift. Tom Clinch. Skinner prefers to derive it from Now morning, rob'd in safron-colour'd gown, Her head with pink and pea-green ribbands dress'd, Climbs the celestial staircase, and looks down From out the gilt balcony of the east.-Jenyrs. An Ode. BALD. BA'LDLY. the Fr. Pelé, part. of the verb, BALDNESS. Peler; i. e. to depilate or deprive of hair. The ancient manner of writing the word gives some countenance to the supposition that it is the past part. of the verb, to ball; to reduce to the roundness and smoothness of a ball, by } |