To bring a cause or case, or charge against;

Shakespeare. 2 Part Hen. VI. Act i. sc. 3.

At Athens if an accuser had not the fifth part of the votes on his side, he was obliged to pay a fine of a thousand drachms. At Rome a false accuser was branded with infamy by marking the letter K on his forehead.

Montesquieu. Spirit of Laws, b. xii. c. 20.

He who accuses another to the state, must not appear himself unmoved by the view of crimes with which he charges him, lest he should be suspected of fiction, or of precipitancy, or of a consciousness that after all he shall not be able to prove his allegations.-Cowper. Let. 267.

To which I answeride, that it is not custom to romayns to dampne ony man bifore that he that is accused haue his accuseris present, and take place of defending to putte awei the crymes that ben putt aghens him. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 25. To whom I answered: It is not the manner of ye Romayns for fauoure to delyuer eny man that he shuld perishe, before that he whiche is accused, haue ye accusars before hym, and haue lycence to answer for him selfe concernynge the cryme layde agaynst him.-Bible, 1539.

Therfore Pilat wente out without forth to hem and seide, what accusing bringen ghe aghens this man? thei answerden and seiden to him, if this were not a mysdoere we hadden not bitaken him to thee.-Wiclif. Jon. c. 18.

O cruell day, accuser of the ioy

That night and loue haue stole and fast ywrien,
Accursed be thy comming into Troy.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. iii.

Than cometh accusing, as whan a man seketh occasion to annoyen his neighbour, which is like the craft of the divel, that waiteth both day and night, to accusen us all. Id. The Personnes Tale. And now they beyng bent of bothe sydes, with burnynge hartes they prepare theyr accusements, they runne to ye iudges.-Udal. Mat. c. 5.

It is not the offyce of a Kyng which is a Judge to be to lyghte of credence, nor I [Hen. VIII.] haue not, nor wyll not vse the same: for I wyll heare the partie that is accused speake or I geue any sentence.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 23.

Prepare you, lords,

Summon a session, that we may arraigne
Our most disloyall lady for as she hath
Been publikely accus'd, so shall she haue
A iust and open triall.

Shakespeare. Wint. Tale, Act ii. sc. 3.

And dogged Yorke, that reaches at the moone,
Whose ouer-weening arme I haue pluckt back,
By false accuse doth leuell at my life.

Id. 2 Part Hen. VI. Act iii. sc. 1.

As we conceive the law hath ever been in parliamentary proceedings, that if a man were impeached, as of treason being the highest crime, the accusant must hold him to the proof of the charge, and may not fall to any meaner impeachment upon failing of the higher.

Bp. Hall. His Hard Measure.

I am sorry my integrity shoul breed
So deepe suspicion, where all faith was meant;
We come not by the way of accusation,
To taint that honour euery good tongue blesses.
Shakespeare. Hen. VIII. Act iv. sc. 1.

Thus they in mutual accusation spent
The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning,
And of their vain contest appear'd no end.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix.

This hath been a very accusative age: yet I have not heard any superstition charged upon the several Bishops of London, &c.-Sir E. Dering. Speeches.

When this prevailed not it was contrived to draw petitions accusatory from many parts of the kingdom against episcopal government, and the promoters of the petitions were entertained with great respects.

Bp. Hall. His Hard Measure.

Wherein nevertheless there would be a main defect, and her [Nature's] improvision justly accusable if such a feeding animal, and so subject unto diseases from bilious causes, should want a proper conveyance for choler.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 2. Wherein [the answer of the Jews to Pilate] there was neither accusation of the person, nor satisfaction of the Judge ; who well understood a bare accusation was no presumption of guilt, and the clamours of the people no accusation at all. Id. Ib. b. i. c. 4.

If virtue or gratitude should prove too strong for temptagated by his passions, what can secure him at last against false accusation?-Adventurer, No. 62.

ACCU'STOM, v. ACCU'STOM, n.

ACCU'STOMABLE.

ACCU'STOMABLY.

ACCU'STOMANCE. ACCU'STOMARY.

Fr. Accoustumer, Accoutumer; It. Accostumare; Sp. Acostumbrar; Lat. Consue.. tudo. See CUSTOM.

To go, or move by use, to pass usually; to be wont to do any thing constantly, habitually, usually. The verb remains in common use.

The queene herselfe accustomed aye

In the same barge to play.-Chaucer. Dreame.
For which cause, the more we doubt
To doe a fault, while she is out

Or suffer that may be noysaunce
Again our old accustomance.-Id. Ib.

And then as he [Hen. V.] was euer accustomed to do, he went, on foote to the chief churche in the toune and rendred to God his most heartie thankes for his prosperous successe and fortunate chaûce.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 5. And like as one doth the semblable thinges and accustomes that he is woont to doe, so the emperour set more his intention on wise men, then his eies on fooles. The Golden Booke, c. 7.

He also made ordenaŭces to auoydes strumpettes out of the cytie, and punysshemet for all accustomable great swerers, w many other good ordenauces and lawes.

Fabyan. Ludovici Sanct.

It was shewed the howe he was about the marchesse of Wanes, wher as most accustomably he lay.

Ld. Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. ii. c. 91.

But they of Love, and of his sacred lere,
(As it should be) all otherwise devise
Then we poore shepheards are accustom'd here
And him to rue and serve all otherwise.

Spenser. Astrophel. King William answered, [Philip of Spain.] that he was ready to do him the homage accustomed for Normandy; but would do him none for England, which he held only of God and his sword.

Sir W. Temple. Introduction to the Hist. of England. Poets accustom'd by their trade to feign, Oft substitute creations of the brain For real substance, and themselves deceiv'd, Would have the fiction by mankind believ'd.

Churchill. Farewell.

I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practise it in greater.-Adventurer, No. 119.

Christ, in the fifth of Matthew, forbiddeth not all kind of swearing, but the ordinary and accustomary swearing then in use among the Jews.-Featley. Dippers Dipt, p. 160.

Another thing, then, that qualifies an experimentarian for the reception of a revealed religion and so of Christi. anity, is that an accustomance of endeavouring to give clear explications of the phænomina of nature, and discover the weakness of those solutions that superficial wits are wont to make and acquiesce in, does insensibly work in him a great and ingenuous modesty of mind.

Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 536. A'CE, n. Fr. As; It. Asso; Sp. As; Lat. Assus; Gr. eLS. See Menage.

A card marked only with one point. Hence used to express a single or a very small thing. Dem. No die, but an ace for him; for he is but one. Li. Lesse than an ace, man. For he is dead, he is nothing. Shakespeare. Mid. Night's Dream, Act v. sc. 1. Get. Then will I,

(For wise men must be had to prop the republick) Not bate ye a single ace of a sound senator.

Beaum. & Fletch. Prophetess, Act. i. sc. 3. Thou son of chance! whose glorious soul On the four aces doomed to roll, Was never yet with honour caught, Nor on poor virtue lost one thought.

Churchill. Duellist, b. i.

ACE/RBITY. Fr. Acerbité; It. Acerbità Sp. Acerbidad; Lat. Acerbitas, Acerbus; Gr. akis, Acies, a point: acer, sharp.

Sharpness; generally applied to that sharpness which we call bitterness. See ASPERITY.

There are some penal laws fit to be retained, but thei penalty too great; and it is ever a rule, that any over-grea penalty, besides the acerbity of it, deadens the execution o

the law.

Bacon. Works, vol. ii. p. 542. On Amending the Laws It is true, that purgatory (at least as is believ'd) canno last a hundred thousand years; but yet God may by the acerbitie of the flames in twenty years equal the canonica penances of twenty thousand years.

Taylor. Dissuasive from Popery

We may easily imagine what acerbity of pain must b endured by our Lord, in his tender limbs being stretche forth, racked and tentered, and continuing a good time in such a posture.-Barrow. On the Creed, Ser. 26.

ACE/SCENT. See ACID.

ACHA/TE, n. Fr. Acheter, to buy or purchase to purvey, to provide. See CATE.

Pompey taking his wife and friends with him, hoise sail, and landed no where, but compelled to take fres acales and water.-North. Plutarch, p. 554. Pompeivs,

A gentil manciple was ther of a temple
Of which achatours mighten take ensemple
For to ben wise in bying of vitaille.
For whether that he paide, or toke by taille,
Algate he waited so in his achate,
That he was ay before in good estate.

Chaucer. Prologue, Mancipi

The master cooke was cold concoction;
A careful man, and full of comely guise;
The kitchen clerke, that hight digestion,
Did order all the achates in seemely wise,
And set them forth as well he could devise.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c.

P. Sen. One that never made

A good meal in his sleep, but sells the acates are rent hi B. Jonson. Staple of News, Act ii. sc.

Mar.

Much. Ay, and all choice that plenty can send in, Bread, wine, acates, fowl, feather, fish, or fin, For which my father's nets have swept the Trent. Id. Sad Shepherd, Act i. sc. Thanks, good Maudlin, And thank your son. Go bear them into Much, The acater, let him thank her.-Id. Ib. Act ii. sc. 1. ACHE, n. A. S. Ace, ace, ece; from t ACHE, V. verb eacan, ecan, to eche or ek to ache; to lengthen out, to prolong.

Ache is applied to prolonged, continued pai and to ache, to feel or cause the sensation or fe ing of such pain.

But his notis wer somwhat low for aking of his hede. Chaucer. The Pardonere & Tapst

August, the emperour sayde, that he that liveth yond that time, [50 yeares] passeth his time in heauine in grievous aches, death of his children, and losse of goods,-Golden Booke, c. 40.

I know in heate and cold, the louer how he shakes,
In singing how he doth complaine, in sleping how

wakes:

To languish without ache.-Surrey. Fickle Affection
-But tasting it [griefe]
Their counsaile turnes to passion, which before
Would giue preceptiall medicine to rage,
Fetter strong madnesse in a silken thred,
Charme ache with ayre, and agony with words.
Shakespeare. Much Adoe ab. N. Act v. 1
-Oh thou weed:
Who art so louely faire, and smell'st so sweete,
That the sense akes at thee,
Would thou had'st neuer bin borne.

Id. Othello, Act iv.

He that would his body keep
From diseases must not weep;
But whoever laughs and sings,
Never (he) his body brings
Into feavers, gouts or rhumes,
Or ling'ringly his lungs consumes,
Or meets with aches in the bone.

Beaum. & Fletch. K. of the Burn. Pest. Act ii.

By. You have a certain fear to find him Worse than a poor dry'd Jack, full of more aches Than Autumn has.-Id. The Tamer Tamed, Act ii. Must then old three-legg'd grey-beards with their go Catarrhs, rheums, aches, live three long ages out? Dryden. Death of Lord Has

If you be wise, then go not far to dine;
You'll spend in coach-hire more than save in wine.
A coming shower your shooting corns presage,
Old aches will throb, your hollow tooth will rage.
Swift. City S

And he was a quointe much to the quene of Fraunce,
And somdel to muche, as me wende, so that in som thing
The quene louede, as me wende, more him than the king.
R. Gloucester, p. 465.

This yonge monk, that was so faire of face,
Acquainted was so with this goode man,
Sithen that hir firste knowlege began,
That in his hous as familier was he,
As it possible is any frend to be.

Chaucer. Shipmannes Tale, v. 12959.

Thou maiest ensample take of Kaie.
Kaie was hated, for he was fell

Of worde dispitous and cruell;

Wherefore be wise and aquaintable

Goodly of worde, and reasonable.-Id. Rom. of the Rose.

Ful many a man hath he begiled er this,
And wol, if that he may live any while:
And yet men gon and riden many a mile
Him for to seke, and have his acquaintance,
Not knowing of his false governance.

Id. Chan. Yem. Tale, v. 16457.

And made suche an ordinance
For loue, ne for aqueintance,
That were it erely, were it late,
Thei shuld let in at yate

No maner man, what so betid,
But if so were hym selfe it bid.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

The which Sigebert was couertyd to Crystis feyth by ye doctryne of an holy man, named Felix, ye which he was firste acqueynted wt in Frauce or in Burgoyne; the which Felix came, soone after yt acqueyntaunce, into Eastanglia, or Norfolke, where ye kynge made hym bysshop of Duwych, now called Thetford.-Fabyan, c. 133.

My louers ad frendes hast thou put awaye fro me, and hyd mine acquaintance out of my sight. Bible, 1539. Ps. lxxxviii.

And came to Cælia to declare her harte,
Who well acquainted with her commune plight,
Which sinfull horror workes in wounded part;
Her wisely comforted all that she might,
With goodly counsell & advisement right.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10.

And for so much as the Brytains disdained to give to them [the Picts] their daughters in marriage, they acquainted them with the Irishmen, and married their daughters, and grew, in processe of time, to a great people.

Stow. Annals. The Romaynes.

I saw your brother
Most prouident in perill binde himselfe,
To a strong maste, that liu'd vpon the sea:
Where like Orion on the Dolphines backe,

I saw him hold acquaintance with the waues,

So long as I could see.-Shakespeare. Twelfth N. Act i. sc.2. Divers that first believe the Scripture but upon the church's score, are afterwards by acquaintedness brought to believe the Scripture upon its own score; that is, upon the discovery of those intrinsick excellencies and prerogatives that manifest its heavenly origination. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 320.

Card. G. For souls just quitting earth, peep into heaven; Make swift acquaintance with their kindred forms, And partners of immortal secrets grow.

Dryden. Duke of Guise, Act v. sc. 1.

He takes away the word contemporary, and, in its room, puts in acquaintance: now that is a point I need not allow,that Phalaris and Pythagoras had any acquaintance together. I granted that they were contemporaries.

Bentley. The Epistles of Phalaris.

Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with a guileful man; he resembles a coal, which when hot burneth the hand, and when cold blacketh it.

Sir Wm. Jones. Transl. of Hitópadésa.

ACQUIESCE, v. ACQUIESCENCE, n. ACQUIESCENT.

Fr. Acquiescer; Lat. Acquiescere, (Ad-quiescere,) to rest, or be still.

To rest, or be still-from satisfaction or contentedness without question or dispute; to withhold or forbear opposition, or denial; to assent.

Lady F. In what calm he speaks
After his noise and tumult, so unmov'd,
With that serenity of countenance,
As if his thoughts did acquiesce in that
Which is the object of the second hour,

And nothing else.-Ben Jonson. New Inn, Act iv. sc. 3. "Delight in the law," in the unregenerate, is only in the understanding: the man considers what an excellent thing it is to be vertuous, the just proportions of duty, the fitness of being subordinate to God, the rectitude of the soul, the acquiescence and appendent peace. Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 8. s. 5.

He that goes into the Highlands with a mind naturally acquiescent, and a credulity eager for wonders, may come back with an opinion very different from mine.

S. Johnson. Journey to Western Islands.

He [the upright walker] feeleth no check or struggle of mind, no regret or sting of heart, being thoroughly satisfied and pleased with what he is about, his judgment approving and his will acquiescing in his procedure.

Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 5. He knoweth that his pains employed on any honest purpose in a fair way are not lost, if they have the fruit of submission to God's will, and acquiescence in the event disposed by him.-Id. Ib.

He that never compares his notions with those of others, readily acquiesces in his first thoughts, and very seldom discovers the objections which may be raised against his opinions. Adventurer, No. 126.

But ere he gain the comfortless repose
He seeks, and acquiescence of his soul
In heav'n-renouncing exile, he endures-
What does he not

ACQUIRE. v. ACQUIRER. ACQUIRABLE. ACQUIREMENT. ACQUIRY. Ac'QUISITE. ACQUISITION. ACQUISITIVE.

ACQUISITOR.

ACQUE'ST.

-Cowper. Task, b. v.

Fr. Acquérir; It. Acquistare; Sp. Adquirir; Lat. Acquirere, (Ad-quærere,) to ask or seek for.

To seek for; to labour to obtain; and, consequentially, to obtain, to gain, to procure. See CONQUIRE. See Burton in v. Adventitious, for Acquisite.

Of suche small qualities, as God hathe endued me withal, I [Henry VIII.] rendre to his goodnes my most humble thakes, entendyng with all my witte, and diligence to get and acquire to me suche notable vertues, and princely qualities, as you haue alleged to be incorporate in my persone.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 37.

The greatest goodnesse of all goodnes is when tirannies are put vnder by vertues acquired, or to find remedy against accustomed vices with good inclinations. Golden Boke, c. 15.

A lower place, note well, May make too great an act. For learne this, Sillius, Better to leaue vndone, than by our deed Acquire too high a fame, when him we serue's away. Shakespeare. Ant. & Cleo. Act iii. sc. 1. Aubr. Oh honesty! thou elder child of virtue, Thou seed of heav'n, why to acquire thy goodness Should malice and distrust stick thorns before us, And make us swim unto thee, hung with hazards? But heav'n is got by suffering, not disputing. Beaumont and Fletcher. Bloody Brother, Act. v. sc. 1. By a content and acquiescence in every species of truth, we embrace the shadow thereof, or so much as may palliate its just and substantial acquirement.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 5.

No art indeed requireth more hard study and pain to reward the acquiry of it, there being so many difficulties, so many obstacles in the way thereto.-Barrow. vol. iii. Ser. 6.

Is there any supervenient or acquisite perfection, (as skill, knowledge, wisedom) it is from God, who gave us the means and opportunities of getting it, who guided our proceeding and blessed our industry.-Id. vol. iii. Ser. 31.

Man is not himself his own, he owes his being to God, and therefore without the help of divine indulgence his acquests are like the acquests of a servant, acquirit domine. Hale. Origination of Mankind, p. 354,

Many men have spent much time and written great volumes touching those matters, which yet, were they attained, the knowledge rests in itself, and is never applicable to any use answerable to the pains of their acquest.-Id. Ib. p. 5. As long as reason is reason, a just fear will be a just cause of preventive war: but especially if it be part of the case, that there be a nation that is manifestly detected to aspire to monarchy and new acquests. Bacon. Of a War with Spain.

His servants he with new acquist
Of true experience from this great event,
With peace and consolation hath dismist,
And calm of mind all passion spent.

Milton. Samson Agonistes.
Great sir, all acquisition
Of glory as of empire, here I lay before
Your royal feet.-Denham. Sophy.

I come now to consider of those rational instincts, as I call them, the connate principles engraven in the humane soul, which though they are truths acquirable and deducible by rational consequence and argumentation, yet they seem to be inscribed in the very crasis and texture of the soul antecedent to any acquisition by industry, or the exercise of the discursive faculty in man.

Hale. Origination of Mankind, p. 60.

He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native soil; nature herself, as it were, claiming a final interest in his body, when fortune had done with him.

Wotton. Reliquiæ, p. 106.

Not only the donation, when by the necessity of the case they must be gifts, but even the acquirability of civil advantages, ought perhaps, in a considerable degree, to lie at the mercy of chance.-Paley. Nat. Theology, c. 26.

It [the Gospel] is not confined to persons whose intellectual excellencies are superior to their neighbours, or who exceed others in understanding, and the acquirements of the mind.-Watts. Ser. 19.

His cook, an acquisition made in France,

Might put a Chloe out of countenance.-Churchill. Times. To make great acquisitions can happen to very few; and in the uncertainty of human affairs, to many it will be incident to labour without reward, and to lose what they already possess by endeavours to make it more.

ACQUIT, v. ACQUITMENT. ACQUITTAL. ACQUITTANCE, v. ACQUITTANCE, n.

Adventurer, No. 119 Law Lat. Acquietare; Acquietancia. Voces forenses, says Spelman; whose interpretation coincides with Skinner and Menage. Skinner; from the Fr. Acquitter, to absolve, to deliver from; q. d. adquietare, (i. e.) to give quiet to one accused or in debt, so that he may have no cause for future fear. (See QUIT.) Menage also derives quietare; formed from quietus; and quotes from the Fr. Acquitter, from the barbarous Latin adVossius de Vitiis, lib. v. c. 18. Quitare, a quietc to forgive a debt, or to confess it satisfied, thus to render the debtor quiet. And our conr usage is,

To clear, free or deliver from charge or suspicion, whether of debt, criminality, folly, weakness, &c.; to discharge, to release.

To free ourselves from the claims of duty; to perform or fulfil a part, or duty.

Sire man of lawe, quod he, so have ye blis,
Tell us a tale anon, as forword is.
Ye ben submitted thurgh your free assent
To stonde in this cas at my jugement.
Acquiteth you now, and holdeth your behest;
Then have ye don your devoir at the lest.

Chaucer. Man of Lawe, v. 1457

He vouchedesafe, tell him, as was his will,
Become a man as for our alliaunce,
And with his blood he wrote that blissful bill
Upon the crosse as generall acquetaunce,

To euery penitent in full criaunce.-Id. ABC.

But I think verely for al this, ther was gret eviden geue against the chauceler, for he was at legth indited Hüne's death, and was a gret while in preson, & in coch sion, neuer durst abyde the tryal of xii men for his acqu tayle: but was fain by frendship to geat a pardon.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 23 The Lord is slow to anger, and great in power, and wi not at all acquit the wicked.--Nahum i. 3.

But if black scandall, or foule-fac'd reproach,
Attend the sequell of your imposition,
Your meere enforcement shall acquittance me
From all the impure blots and staynes thereof.
Shakespeare. Richard III. Act iii. sc.
Now must your conscience my acquittance seal,
And you must put me in your heart for friend.
Id. Hamlet, Act iv. sc.

But fall'n he is; and now
What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass
On his transgression-death denounced that day-
Which he pi esumes already vain and void,
Because not yet inflicted, as he fear'd,
By some immediate stroke; but soon shall find
Forbearance no acquittance.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b.

So he might be haled to a more cruel forfeit for all indulgent arrears which those judicial acquitments had gaged him in. Milton. Doctr. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 14. God's justifying solely or chiefly, doth import his acqu ling us from guilt, condemnation, and punishment, by f pardon and remission of our sins.-Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 3 The censure or acquittal of my act

With you shall rest.-Glover. Athen. b. xvii.

To deliver themselves [the Romans] from this subject to their creditors, the poorer citizens were continually c ing out, either for an entire abolition of debts, or for w they called new tables; that is, for a law which sho entitle them to a complete acquittance, upon paying on certain proportion of their accumulated debts. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v.

ACRA/ZE, or CRAZE. See CRAZE.

And albeit that the duke was somewhat acrased, ye met him with a solempne procession of the colledge,

weaned him with all the reuerence and humilitie that he rd doe, as it became him best to do, being his souereigne lerde.-Grafton, Rich. II. an. 21.

ACRE, n. Sax. Acere, Ecer; Ager, a field; ACRED,Goth. Akrs; Ger. Acker; Low. Lat. Acre.

This word is now applied to a particular admeasurement of land, though not formerly so restricted

Pople with alle the rechesse and akres als thei wonnen,
Though ther doubtinesse, the land thorgh thei ronnen.
R. Brunne, p. 115.
And ten okers of vynes shal geue but a quarte, and xxx
bushels of sede shall geue but an epha.
Bible, 1539. Esay, c. 5.

Halle, many-coloured messenger
Whe, with each end of thy blewe bowe do'st crowne
My boskie acres, and my unshrub'd downe,
Rich scarph to my proud earth.

Shakespeare. Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1.

Do you within the bounds of nature live,
And to augment you need not strive;
One hundred acres will no less for you
Your life's whole business, than ten thousand do.

Cowley. Essay on Avarice.

Heatherte himself, and such large acred men,
Lords of Ex: Esham, or of Lincoln Fen,

E every stick of wood that lends them heat,
By every pullet they afford to eat.

Pope. Imit. Hor. b. ii. Ep. 2.

While any dregs of this baneful system remain, you cannot justly boast of general freedom: it was a system of nizuardy and partial freedom, enjoyed by great barons only, And many acred men, who were perpetually insulting and giving check to the king, while they racked and harrowed the recple—Sir W. Jones. Speech on Reform of Parliament.

Starp, biting, corroding, harsh.

Those miks in certain plants] have all an acrimony; though de would think they should be lenitive.

Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 639. The ble is so acrid, that of itself it could not be admitted in the bacteal vessels-Arbuthnot. On Aliments.

drning (sharpness) is not natural, but induced into the fits of an animal body.-12. Ib.

Like a lawyer, I am ready to support the cause, in which, ve the leave to suppose, that I shall be soon retained with *; and if occasion be, with subtility and acrimony.

Bolingbroke. Occasional Letter Writer.

The malignity of soldiers and sailors against each other ha de experienced at the cost of their country; and, pertops to order of men have an enmity of more acrimony, or longer continuance.-Rambler, No. 9.

Swift and Pope forbore to flatter him [Halifax] in his life, and after his death spoke of him. Swift with slight censure, Pupe in the character of Bufo with acrimonious conwift-Jokama Life of Halijaz.

Most satyrists are indeed a public scourge,
Their most physie is a farrier's purge,
Their merid tooper tums, as soon as stirred,
The milk of their good purpose all to curd.

Cowper. Charity.

ACROAMATICAL. Gr. Axроаμатiкos, from ba, aufire, to hear.

Artander unto Aristotle greeting. Thou hast not done The to put forth the acroamaticall sciences. For wherein Ma, we extell others, if those things which thou hast cretly taught us be made common to all?

North. Plutarch, p. 461. Tc dd wrong in publishing the acroamatic parts of re-Langherae. Id. Ib.

Aristide was wont to divide his lectures and readings into Astral and Exoterical: some of them contained

the matter, and they were read privately to a select EL SOFT others contained but ordinary stuff, and were 70m ramsly and in publick exposed to the hearing of all zok Beloved, we read no Acroamatick lectures; the ts of the Court of Heaven (as far as it hath pleased the Lg of Heaven to reveal them) lie open alike to all.

Hales. Golden Remains. On John xviii. 36. ACROKE. On crook. See CROOK. de her fre the reine of her pleasance, thing that women looke,

Tyes the matter is a acrooke.

Chaucer. Court of Love.

ACROSPIRE. See in Jamieson, Acherspyre.

When other louers in armes acrosse,
Reioice their chiefe delight;

Drowned in teares to mourne my losse.
I stand the bytter nyght

In my window.-Surrey. Complaint of Absence.
Across his breast an azure ribban went,
At which a medal hung that did present,
In wondrous living figures to the sight,
The mystic champions & old dragons fight.
Cowley, On the Government of Oliver Cromwell.
Were I at prayers,
If Ptolemy should come across my thoughts
The curse would follow where I meant a blessing.
Dryden. Cleomenes. Act iii. sc. 1.
When Cheerfulness, a nymph of healthiest hue,
Her bow across her shoulder flung,

Her buskins gemm'd with morning dew,
Blew an inspiring air, that dale and thicket rung.

A/CT, v.
A'cr, n.
A'CTION.
A'CTIONABLE.
A'CTIVATE.
A'CTIVE.

A'CTIVELY. A'CTIVENESS. ACTIVITY. A'CTLESS. A'CTOR. A'CTRESS. A'CTUAL. ACTUALITY. A'CTUALLY. A'CTUARY, n. A'CTUATE, adj. A'CTUATE, v. ACTUATION.

Collins. Ode on the Passions.

Fr. Acte, Actif, Actuel; It. Atto, Attivo, Attuale, Attuare; Sp. Acto, Activo, Actual, Actuare; from Lat. Actum, past. part. of agere, to do; Gr. ayew, to move; or cause to move.

This Lennep considers to be the primary or radical meaning; and it is obvious that - without motion there can be no action.

Applied particularly to legislative or judicial proceedings; and to the performance of an assumed part.

Actuate, is generally applied to that which acts-so as to guide or regulate; which Acts of the urges, impels. See AGENT. Apostles are, in Wiclif, deeds. Actuary, n. is now a common name. For somtime we be Goddes instruments, And menes to don his commandements, Whan that him list, upon his creatures, In divers actes and in divers figures.

Chaucer. Freres Tale, v. 2068. And this way is cleped penance; of which man shuld gladly herken and enqueren with all his herte, to wete, what is penance, and whennes it is cleped penance, and how many maneres ben of actions or werkings of penance. Id. Persones Tale. It is well knowe, both to reason and experience in dooing euery actiue woorcheth on his passiue. Id. Test, of Love. b. ii. c. 13. Thus sayth the fend; for certes, than is a man al ded in soule; and thus is sinne accomplised, by temptation, by delit, and by consenting: and than is the sinne actuel. Id. Persones Tale.

Entendyng in his mynd to do many noble and notable actes, and remembryng that all goodnes cometh of God, and that all worldly thynges and humain actes bee more weaker and poorer then the celestiall powers & heuenly rewardes, determined to begin with some thyng pleasaunt and acceptable to God.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 1.

Who can expresse ye noble actes of the Lorde, or shewe forth all hys prayse?-Bible, 1539. Psalme 106.

And so Moses obeyed the voyce of hys father in lawe, & chose actyue men out of all Israel, and made them as heedes ouer the people.-Ib. Exodus, c. 18.

Moreouer thou shalt seke out amonge all the people, men of actiuite, and such as feare God.-Ib.

To make new articles of owr faith contrary to Gods worde, and to set them in their prophane seculare actes of politik parlements, armed withe swerde and fier is not els then to be exalted aboue God himself.

Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 12.

I shall destroye the wysdom of their wyse men, & the understandinge and forcasts of their men of moste actiuite & policie shall haue a fall.-Id. Ib.

Du. O then, vnfold the passion of my loue,
Surprize her with discourse of my deere faith;
It shall become thee well to act my woes :
She will attend it better in thy youth,
Than in a nuntio's of more graue aspect.

Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Act i. sc. 4.

It is not so with him that all things knowes
As 'tis with vs, that square our guesse by showes:
But most it is presumption in vs, when
The help of heauen we count the act of men.

Id. All's Well, Act ii. sc. 1.

"Tis a rule, that great designs of state should be misterious till they come to the very act of performance, and then they should turn to performance.-Howell. Letters.

Cato said; the best way to keep good acts in memory, was to refresh them with new.-Lord Bacon. Apophthegms. Therefore I pre' thee

Supply me with the habit, and instruct me
How I may formally in person beare

Like a true frier: Moe reasons for this action
At our more leysure, shall I render you.

Shakespeare. Meas. for Meas. Act i. sc. 4. Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.-1 Sam. ii. 3.

Snow and ice, especially being holpen, and their cold activated by nitre, or salt, will turn water to ice, and that in a few houres.-Bacon. Naturall History, § 83.

Orl. He is simply the most actiue gentleman of France. Const. Doing is actiuitie, and he will still be doing. Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 7. Man is by nature an active creature; he cannot be long idle; either for good or bad, he must take up his dixit and proceed to his custodiam. Hales. Sermon. Dixit Custodiam. In vain does that man thinke to keepe his honour and

chastity, that invites his lust to an activenesse by soft beds

and high diet, and idlenesse and opportunity.

Bp. Taylor. Great Exemplar, pt. i. § 13. God caused the sun to move, and to visit every part of the inferior world; by his heat to stir up the fire of generation, and to give activity to the seeds of all natures.

Raleigh. Hist. of the World, b. i. s. 7. Corio. Like a dull actor now, I haue forgot my part, And I am out, euen to a full disgrace.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act v. sc. 3. Young men may be learners, while men in age are actors. Bacon. Essays. Youth and Age.

Mean while in Paradise the hellish pair
Too soon arriv'd; Sin, there in power before,
Once actual; now in body, and to dwell
Habitual habitant; behind her Death,
Close following pace for pace

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x.

Of all your sex, yet never did I know,
Any that yet so actually did shew
Such rules for patience, such an easy way,
That whoso sees it shall be forc'd to.say,
Lo what before seem'd hard to be discern'd,

Is of this lady, in an instant learn'd.-Drayton. Elegies.

Nature and religion are the bands of friendships; excellency and usefulness are its great indearments, society and neighbourhood, that is, the possibilities and the circumstances of converse, are the determinations and actualitics of it.-Bp. Taylor. On Friendship.

The soul being an active nature, is always propending to the exercising of one faculty or other, and that to the utmost it is able, and yet being of a limited capacity, it can imploy but one in height of exercise at once; which when it loseth and abates of it's strength and supreme vigour, some other, whose improvement all this while hindred by this it's ingrossing rival, must by consequence begin now to display it self, and awaken into a more vigorous actuation: so that as the former loseth, the latter proportionably gaineth. Glanvil. Praexis. of Souls, c. 13.

Hee disclaimeth the opinion of Caietan and Camaracensis, concerning the ability of the mind in such acts collaterally, as not to be activated unlesse it also were active.

Mountagu. Appeale to Cæsar, p. 85.

The fourth and fifth of Henries were

As actious as the rest: Especially the latter was

The formost with the best.

Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. c. 43.

He has a power of judging before hand, concerning the consequences of his actions, concerning the reasonableness or unreasonableness of the end he aims at; and he has the power of recollecting, after the action done, whether he acted with a good or evil view.

Clarke. Works, vol. i. Ser. 39.

It is necessary to that perfection of which our present state is capable, that the mind and body should both be kept in action.-Rambler, No. 85.

If we duly and exactly consider the absoluteness and simplicity of the divine nature, nothing can be more agreeable to the conceptions which we form of it, and consequently more rational, than to state the first reason, or impulsive cause of all God's actings within himself South, vol. vi. Ser. 5.

Lose him to her! to her!

A poor, young, actless, indigested thing, Whose utmost pride can only boast of youth And innocence.-Southerne. Loyal Brother, Act i. sc. 1. What am I, or any one else, the better, whether God foresees future contingents from the determination and decree of his will, or from the infinite actuality of his nature, by which his existence is before-hand with all future duration?-South, vol. ix. Ser. 9.

The active informations of the intellect filling the passive reception of the will, like form closing with matter, grew actuate into a third and distinct perfection of practice.--Id.Ib.

The light made by this animal [the glow-worm] depends upon a living spirit, and seems by some vital irradiation to be actuated into this lustre.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 27.

He that studies to represent one of known and eminent merit to be a mere fool and an idiot gives himself the lie, and betrays that he is either actuated with envy, or corrupted by a faction.-Bentley. Phalaris.

Many who read the Scriptures are grossly ignorant; but he who acts well is a truly learned man. Sir W. Jones.

Translation of Hitópadésa.

Action, when set properly in opposition to passion or passiveness, is no real existence; it is not the same with an action, but is a mere relation it is the activeness of something on another thing, being the opposite relation to the other. Edwards. The Freedom of the Will, pt. iv. s. 2.

Common nuisances are such inconvenient and trouble

some offences as annoy the whole community in general, and not merely some particular person; and therefore are indictable only, and not actionable.

Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 13.

This man is hurrying to a concert, only lest others should have heard the new musician before him; another bursts from his company to the play, because he fancies himself the patron of an actress.-Adventurer, No. 262.

How insensibly old age steals on, and how often it is actually arrived before we suspect it !-Cowper. Let. 450.

ACULEATE. Į Lat. Aculeatus, from AcuACU'LEOUS. leus, acu; a point, sting, a prick: any thing piercing or penetrating sharply. To containe anger from mischiefe, though it take hold of a man, there be two things, whereof you must have speciall caution. The one, of extreme bitternesse of words; especially if they be aculcate and proper.-Bacon. Ess. Of Anger.

Such an order is observed in the aculeous prickly plantation, upon the heads of several common thistles.

ACU'MEN, n.

ACU'MINATE.

ACU'MINATED.

ACUMINATION.

Brown. Cyrus Garden, c. 3. Lat. Acumen, from Acuere, to sharpen. Met. Sharpness, keenness, quickness, sagacity.

To acuminate, to point; to form, to rise to, a point.

There is no church without a liturgy, nor indeed can there be conveniently, as there is no school without a grammar. One scholar may be taught otherwise upon the stock of his acumen, but not a whole school.-Selden. Table Talk.

Who, [her haughty prelates] according to their hierarchies acuminating still higher and higher in a cone of prelaty, instead of healing up the gashes of the church, as it happens in such pointed bodies meeting, fall to gore one another with their sharp spires for upper place and precedence. Milton. Church Government, b. i.

I shall think it more instructive to the young chirurgeon if I appropriate this word,-Noli me tangere, to a small, round, acuminated tubercle, which hath not much pain, unless it be touched or rubbed, or otherwise exasperated by topicks.-Wiseman. Chirurgical Treatises, vol. ii. p. 195.

The coronary thorns did not only express the scorn of the imposers, by that figure into which they were contrived; but did also pierce his tender and sacred temples to a multiplicity of pains by their numerous acuminations. Pearson. On the Creed.

There is somewhere in infinite space a world that does not roll within the precincts of mercy; and as it is reasonable, and even scriptural, to suppose that there is music in heaven, in those dismal regions perhaps the reverse of it is found; tones so dismal, as to make woe itself more insupportable, and to acuminate even despair.

ACUTE, adj.

ACU'TELY.

Cowper. Let. 172.
Fr. Agu, Aigu; It. Acuto;
Sp. Agudo; Gr. akn; Lat.
acuere; to sharpen.

ACUTENESS.
Sharp, pointed, keen, penetrating, piercing.

Nath. This is a gift that I have,-simple, simple-a foolish extravagant spirit. But the gift is good in those in whom it is acute, and I am thankfull for it.

Shakespeare. Love's Lab. Lost, Act iv. sc. 2.

Paroll. I am so full of businesses, I cannot answer thee acutely.-Id. All's Well, Act i. sc. 1.

Fast. I will bring you to-morrow, by this time, into the presence of the most divine and acute lady in court; you shall see sweet silent rhetorick, and dumb eloquence speaking in her eye.

Ben Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act iii. sc. 1. The Chineses (who are the next neighbours to the rising sun on this part of the hemisphere, and consequently the acutest) have a wholsome piece of policy, that the son is always of the father's trade.-Howell. Let. 8.

Cleanthes, the stoic philosopher, when he was young, was "a fighter at cuffs," just as Pythagoras was. And his scholar Chrysippus, the acutest of all the stoicks, was at first a racer. Bentley. Phalaris.

Those quick, acute, perplex'd and tangled paths,
That, like the snake, crush'd by the sharpen'd spade,
Writhe in convulsive torture, and full oft,
Thro' many a dark and unshunn'd labyrinth,
Mislead our step

Mason. English Garden, b. ii.

M. Colbert, the famous minister of Lewis XIV. was a man of probity, of great industry, and knowledge of detail; of great experience and acuteness in the examination of public accounts.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 9. A/DAGE, n. Fr. Adage, Adagial; It. AdaA'DAGY. gio; Sp. Adagio; Lat. Adagium. ADA'GIAL. Vossius is perplexed between Scaliger and Varro. E sua propria significatione agatur ad aliud indicandum. (Scaliger.) Quasi abagio, aut ambagio, h. e circumagio (Varro): nempe quia adagio sit sermo circumambulans. It is used to denote

An old saw, or saying.

He [Edw. IV.] forgat the olde adage, saeyng, in time of peace, prouide for warre, and in the time of war, prouide for peace, whiche thing if he either had well remébred, or pollitiquely prouided for, he had not been chaced and expulsed his realm within xi dayes as he was in dede.

Hall. Edw. IV. an. 9.

Hugh. But thus you see the old adage verified, Mulla cadunt inter-you can guess the rest, Many things fall between the cup and lip.

B. Jonson. Tale of a Tub, Act iii. sc. 4. That wise Heathen said rarely well in his little adagie, mankind was born to be a riddle, and our nativity is in the dark.-Bp. Taylor. Polemical Discourses. Pref.

It was a satirical answer, [that of Aristotle,] and highly opprobrious to mankind; who being asked, What doth the soonest grow old? replied, "Thanks;" and so was that adagial verse, No sooner the courtesy born, than the resentment thereof dead.-Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 16.

The antithetic parallelism gives an acuteness and force to adages and moral sentences; and, therefore, abounds in Solomon's Proverbs.-Lowth. Isaiah. Preliminary Dissert. A'DAMANT, n. Fr. Diamant; It. DiaADAMANTE AN. mante; Sp. Diamante; Lat. ADAMA'NTINE. Adamas; Gr. Adauas, from a, not, and dauaev, domare, to tame.

That which cannot be tamed, subdued, broken. The properties of the magnet were formerly attributed to adamant. See DIAMOND, and the quotation from Pliny.

The stone was hard of adamaunt,
Whereof they made the foundemaunt,
The tour was round made in compas,
In all this world no richer was.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

Right as betwene adamants two Of euen weight, a pece of yron set, Ne hath no might to moue to ne fro For what that one may hale, that other let. Id. Assem. of Foules. When he [the traveller] stayeth in one city or town, let nim change his lodging from one end and part of the town to another, which is a great adamant of acquaintance. Bacon. Ess. On Travel. [He] ran on embattled armies clad in iron; And, weaponless himself,

Made arms ridiculous, useless the forgery
Of brazen shield and spear, the hammer'd cuirass,
Chalybean temper'd steel, and frock of mail
Adamantéan proof.-Milton. Samson Agonistes.
At last appear

Hell bounds, high reaching to the horrid roof,
And thrice three-fold the gates; three-folds were brass,
Three iron, three of adamantine rock
Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire,

Yet unconsumed.-Id. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

Any bounds made with body, even adamantine walls, are so far from putting a stop to the mind in its farther progress in space and extension, that it rather facilitates and enlarges it.-Locke. On the Hum. Unders., b. ii. c. 17. Adamantine hardness does not imply the least pain. Reid. Inquiry into the Human Mind, c. 5. s. 5. Lat. Adaptare, (ad, and the obsolete apere,) Gr. anTev: to bind, to join. Aptus is dicitur qui convenienter alicui junctus est. See Vossius.

ADAPT, v. ADAPTATION. ADA'PTION. ADA'PTNESS.

To join, fit, or suit to; to

ADE'PT, n. ADE'PT, adj. accommodate, to adjust.

An adept is one who is well fitted or suited for

any particular purpose, from the skill, dexterity, and experience, he may have acquired in it; and hence,

A skilful, dexterous, experienced person.

For no man, so soone as hee knowes this [criticism] or reades it, shall be able to write the better; but as he is adapted to it by nature, he shall grow the perfecter writer. B. Jonson. Discoveries.

Who could ever say or imagine such a body [the atmosphere] so different from the globe it serves, could be made by chance, or be adapted so exactly to all these grand ends by any other efficient than by the power and wisdom of the infinite God.-Derham. Phy. Theol. b. i. c. 3.

ticipating natures, that is, between bird and quadruped;

Though there be some flying animals of mixed and paryet are their wings and legs so set together, that they seem to make each other; there being a commixtion of both, rather than adaptation or cement of prominent parts unto each other.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 11.

Among many other reasons, I think myself very happy in my country, as the language of it is wonderfully adapted to a man who is sparing of his words, and an enemy to loquacity. Spectator, No. 135.

Not one of these sanctified philosophers but had dreams, visions, and extatic colloquies, with demons every night; and with this trumpery they drew Julian off from Christianity, and made him think himself as great an adept as any of his teachers.-Bentley. Rom. § 43.

Proceed! nor quit the tales which, simply told,
Could once so well my answering bosom pierce;
Proceed, in forceful sounds, and colours bold,
The native legends of thy land rehearse;

To such adapt thy lyre, and suit thy powerful verse. Collins. Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands. Some notes are to display the adaptness of the sound to the sense.-Bp. Newton. On Milton.

There is reason to suspect, that he [Aristotle] wrote often with affected obscurity, either that the air of mystery might procure great veneration, or that his books might be understood only by the adepts who had been initiated in his philosophy.-Reid. Analysis of Aristotle's Logick. c. 1. s. 1.

From stucco'd walls smart arguments rebound;
And beaus, adept in ev'ry thing profound,
Die of disdain, or whistle off the sound.-Cowper. Hope

ADA'SE, or DASE. See DAZE.

In this chapter, he so gaily florished, that he had went wened ye glittering thereof would have made euery man's eyes so adased, that no man should have spied his falshed, and founden out the truth.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 459.

ADA'UNT, or DAUNT. See DAUNT.

The Gywes, & Herodes (that here kyng was)
He a dauntede hard y now, and non harm yt was.
R. of Gloucester, p. 61

Kyng William adauntede that fole of Walys
And made him bere hym truage, and byhote hym & hys
Id. p. 372

Wherewith the rebel rather was the more Encourag'd than addaunted; and begun T' adventure further than he did before; Seeing such a monarch had so little done. Daniel. Civil War, b. iv ADA'W. Adaw (Mr. Tyrwhitt says) means t wake. The true etymology seems to be the A. S verb Dagian, lucescere; whence, also, are Da and Dawn. As Abawed from Abashed (Fr Esbahier,) so Adawed in Spenser may have bee formed from Adashed: sc.

Stricken, cast, dejected, depressed, abated.

Ye, sire, quod she, ye may wene as you lest;
But, sire, a man that waketh of his slepe,
He may no sodenly wel taken kepe
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly,
Til that he be adawed veraily.

Chaucer. Marc. Tale, v. 1027