A NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY. A. A, is the first letter, and first vowel of the alphabet, in all the modern, and in most of the ancient languages. B. Jonson observes, that all our vowels are sounded doubtfully: in quantity (which is time), long or short; or, in accent (which is tune), sharp or flat. A is long in debating; short in stomaching; sharp in hate; flat in hat. With us, he adds, A is pronounced less than the French à, as in art, act; but when it comes before 1, in the end of a syllable, it obtaineth the French sound, and is uttered with the mouth and throat wide opened, the tongue bent from the teeth, as in all, small; and in salt, malt, balm, where a consonant followeth the L. For this latter mode of utterance, Wilkins adopts the Gr. a; and describes it to be framed by an emission of the breath betwixt the tongue and the palate, the tongue being put into a more concave posture, and removed further off from the palate. The former mode of utterance of a, as in bat, bate, he describes to be framed by an emission of the breath betwixt the tongue and concave of the palate; the upper superficies of the tongue being rendered less concave, and at a less distance from the palate. The adoption of the Greek character, as a mean of distinction, seems to be far preferable to any mark or figure of reference, a plan generally adopted by modern orthoepists. the prefix is dropped; e. g. in Abeodan, to bid; Abitan, to bite; Acelan, to keel or cool. And then simply To resign; to quit, to desert, to forsake; and consequently, to reject or cast away: to repel or To band or bind, or put in bondage; to stay, or So that the white was aboue, as the folk y seye, And drof the rede al abak.-R. Gloucester, p. 131. stood with hem, and whanne he seide to hem, I am, thei Iesus seith to hem I am, and Iudas that betraiede him wenten abak and felden doun on the erthe. Wicliff. Ion, c. 18. Chaucer. Legend of Tisbe. But both the fruit from hand, and floud from mouth Did flie abak, and made him vainely swinke. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7. "Away there! lower the mizen yard on deck," He calls, and "brace the foremost yards aback!" Falconer. Shipwreck. ABAFT. On the aft or hind part; behind. See AFT. And therewithall abacke she start. And the boteswaine of the galley walked abaft the maste, Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 187. Lat. Abalienare: used in writers on civil law, but has and the mate afore the maste. ABALIENATE, given way to 4, the English article, means one; in A. S. an. In A. S. on means in; and has been corrupted in English to an before a vowel, and to a before a consonant; and in writing and speaking it has been connected with the subsequent word: hence a numerous race of adverbs. From On dæg, On niht, On lenge, On bræde, On bæc, On lande, On life, On middan, On wihte, On twa, On weg; we have Aday, Anight, Along, Abroad, Aback, Aland, Alive, Amid, Aright, Atwo, Away. 4. in such expressions, as a-hunting, a-begging, proclamation, and others. See Menage and Wach Tooke. without it, is of constant occurrence. See To alienate. ABA'ND, v. ABANDON, v. ABA'NDON, n. ABANDONER. ABANDONING, n. ABANDONMENT. Fr. Abandonner; It. Abandonare; Sp. Abandonar. Various etymologies have been suggested: - from the Fr. Bandon, Liberty: from A. S. Abannan, to denounce: from Ban to curse: from à ban donner, to give up to a a-going, admits of a similar explanation; i. e. on or in, the act of hunting, begging. ter. See also BAN, BAND, and BANISH, infra. The A. S. Bannan, or Abannan, would give the th the A. S. the prefix a to words also in use past participle, Abanned, Aband (and so the word words, which have descended from that language, Spenser). Upon this past participle, the English In some is written in the Mirror for Magistrates, and word with this prefix is preserved; c. u. in Abandon, and also Fr. It. and Sp. appear to have Abide, Abut, Ashamed. In a far greater number been formed: and to Abandon is VOL I. Abandonment, n. is used by Cotgrave in v. Abandon. The authorities quoted are very modern : Abandoning appears also to have been a common noun; but the old noun was Abandon: applied to the act, the thing, or the person. He that dredeth God, spareth not to do that him ought to do; and he that loveth God, he wol do diligence to plese God by his werkes, and abandon himself with all his might wel for to do.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. For he that Yaue whole his hart, in will and thought, Id. The Rom. of the Rose, fol. 127. Moris hir sonne was coroned, Whiche so ferforth was abandoned To Christes feith, that men hym calle Moris the christnest of all.-Gower. Conf. Am. b. ii. Further John a man of perfecte holines, perceyuing the enuious affections of his disciples, to thintent that he might heale their weakness, and abandone them from him and deliver them to Jesus: he chose out of them two and sent them to Jesus.-Udall. Erasmus' Matthew, c. 10. those forreiners, which came from farre, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 10. 'Tis better far the enemies t'aband Beg. Madame wife, they say that I haue dream'd Shakespeare. Tam. of S. Act i. sc. 1. Aurel. You form reasons, Just ones, for your abandoning the storms No shelter for her honour.-Ford. Lady's Trial, Act i. sc. 1. Beau. & Fletch. Two Noble Kinsmen, Act v. sc. 1. What is it that Sathan can despaire to perswade men unto, if he can draw them to an unnatural abandoning of life, and pursuit of death.-Hall. Occasionall Medit. 117. Then thought hee it also time to send an ambassage unto Archduke Philip, into Flanders, for the abandoning and dismissing of Perkin.-Bacon. Henry VII. p. 126. Ror. I see no crime in her whom I adore, Or if I do, her beauty makes it none: Look on me as a man abandon'd o'er To an eternal lethargy of love. Dryden. Spanish Friar, Act iv. Nor let her tempt that deep, nor make the shore, Where our abandon'd youth she sees, Shipwreck'd in luxury, and lost in ease.-Prior. Ode (1692). He that abandons religion must act in such a contradiction to his own conscience and best judgment, that he abuses and spoils the faculty itself.-Watts. Sermons. Cities then Attract us, and neglected nature pines Abandon'd, as unworthy of our love.-Cowper. Task. b. ii. When thus the helm of justice is abandoned, an universal abandoning of all other posts will succeed. Burke. On Reg. Peace. Let. 4. They amount (says he) to the sacrifice of powers, that have been most nearly connected with us; the direct or indirect annexation to France of all the parts of the continent, from Dunkirk to Hamburgh; an immense accession of territory; and, in one word, the abandonment of the independence of Europe.-Id. ib. p. 81. ABA'SE. To put or bring low, to lower, to depress; to degrade, to humble, to disgrace. Our kynge hath do this thing amisse, So to abesse his roialtee; That euery man it might see, And humbled him in such a wise To them that were of none emprise.-Gower. Conf. Am. b.i. This example was shewed to teache vs, howe the teachers of Gods worde should not grutche to descend from their highnes or perfection, and abase themselues euen to the lowlines of the weake, thereby to wynne very many to theyr Lorde.-Udall. Erasmus, S. Marke, c. 2. At this tyme also, the kinges maiestie, with the aduice of his privy counsaile, did now purpose not onely the abacyng of the sayd copper moneys, but also ment wholly to reduce them to bollion, to the intent to deliuer fine and good monies for them. The peece of ix pence was abaced to sixpence.-Grafton. Chronicle. Ed. Vİ. an. 5. And will she yet abase her eyes on me, Shakespeare. Rich. III. Act i. sc. 2. If he that abases the prince's coin deserves to die, what is his desert, that instead of the tried silver of God's word, stamps the name and character of God upon base brazen stuff of his own?-Hales. Remains, Ser. 1. There is an abasement because of glory, and there is that lifteth up his head from a low estate.-Ecclus. xx. 2. It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye; as the Jesuits give it in precept; for there may be many wise men that have secret hearts and transparent countenances: yet this should be done with a demure abasing of your eye.-Bacon. Essay on Cunning. Let the example of our Lord's humility bring down the haughtiness of men; and when we consider how he abased himself, let us be vile in our own eyes, and abhor ourselves in dust and ashes.-Tillotson. Works, vol. iii. 217. Ser. 135. Absorb'd in that immensity I see, I shrink abas'd, & yet aspire to Thee.-Cowper. Retirement. Heaven was to be earned only by penance and mortification; by the austerities and abasement of a monk, not by the liberal, generous, and spirited conduct of a man. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1. And anoon the damysel roos and walkide: and sche was of twelve yeer, and thei weren abayschid with a great stoneying. Wiclif. Mark, c. 5. And as the new abashed Nightingale, Chaucer. Troilus, b. iii. fol. 173. Certes (quod she) that were great a maruayle and an abashinge, without ende.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv. p. 1. The kynges doughter, whiche this sigh, And let hem still ride enough.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. Of stature more than wont, stood fore mine eyen. Abashed then I waxe: therewith my heare Gan start right up: my voice stuck in my throte. Surrey. Virgile, b. ii. But the water kepte his course, and wette, at length the kynges [Canute] thyes; wherwith ye kynge abasshed, sterte backe and sayde, all erthly kynges may knowe that theyr powers be vayne, and that none is worthy to have the name of a kynge, but he that has all thynges subiecte to his hestes.-Fabyan, c. 206. I saie to the, thou hast put me in a more greatte abasshement, than the feare of myne enemies.-Golden Boke, Let. 15. Why, then, (you princes) Do you with cheekes abash'd behold our workes, Shakespeare. Tro. & Cres. Act i. sc. 3. Yet all that could not from affright her hold, For her faint heart was with the frozen cold Benumb'd so inly, that her wits nigh fail'd, And all her senses with abashment quite were quail'd. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. Basenesse of birth is a great disparagement to some men, especially if they be wealthy, bear office, and come to promotion in a common-wealth: then, if their birth be not answerable to their calling, and to their fellows, they are much abashed and ashamed of themselves. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 310. But when he Venus view'd without disguise, Her shining neck beheld, and radiant eyes; Awed and abash'd he turn'd his head aside, Attempting with his robe his face to hide. Congreve. Homer. Hymn to Venus. And harsh austerity, from whose rebuke Young love and smiling wonder shrink away Abash'd and chill of heart, with sager frowns Condemns the fair enchantment. Akenside. Pleasures of Imagination, d. iii. ABA'TE, v. Fr. Abbatre; It. Abbatere; Sp. ABATE, n. Abatira. Beatan, to beat. ABATEMENT. The word exists also without the prefix A; though more limited by modern usage in its application. See BATE. To beat or press down; to cast down; to lower, to depress; to lessen; to diminish; to reduce. The kyng did samen his men, to abate Gryffyn's pride. R. Brunne, p. 63. For that abatement he chalenges thorgh right.-Id. p. 278. As God saith, the horrible divels shul gon and comen upon the hedes of dampned folk: and this is, for as moche as the higher that they were in this present lif, the more shul they be abated and defouled in helle. Chaucer. Personnes Tales, vol. ii. p. 291. The kynge of Scottes wyth all hys hoste and power entered into England:-and planted hys siege before the castell of Norham, and sore abated the walles. -Hall Hen. VIII. an. 5. He [the horsse] breaketh the groude wyth the hoffes of his fete chearfully in his strength, and runneth to mete the harnest men. He layeth asyde all feare, hys stomack is not abated, neither starteth he abacke for any swerde. Bible, London, 1539. Job, c. 39. O happie Cato Censorine, who with suche as haue folowed his waies, are now sure fro the abatementes of fortune. The Golden Boke, ch. xxv. Hel. O weary night, O! long and tedious night, Abate thy houres, shine comforts from the East, That I may backe to Athens by day-light, From these, that my poore companie detest. Shakespeare. Mid. Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 2. A sixt, a tenth, letting them thrive againe Knight. My lord, I know not what the matter is, but to my judgement, your Highnesse is not entertained with that ceremonious affection as you were wont; there's a great abatement of kindnesse appeares as well in the generall dependants, as in the duke himselfe also, and your daughter. Shakespeare. Lear, Act i. sc. 4. A day Will come (hear this, and quake, ye potent great ones) Beaumont and Fletcher. Laws of Candy, Act. v. Daniel. Complaint of Rosamond. If we could arrest time, and strike off the nimble wheels of his chariot, and like Joshua, bid the sun stand still, and make opportunity tarry as long as he had occasion for it; this were something to excuse our delay, or at least to mitigate or abate the folly and unreasonableness of it. Tillotson. Works, vol. i. Ser. 14. The triall hereof (whether men weigh heavier dead than alive) cannot so well be made on the body of a man, nor will the difference be sensible in the abate of scruples or dracms. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 7. The greatest tyrants have been those, whose titles were the most unquestioned. Whenever the opinion of right becomes too predominant and superstitious, it is abated by breaking the custom: thus the revolution broke the custom of succession.-Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. vi. c. 2. ABA'WED, i. e. Abashed. Fr. Esbahi. I was abarred for marueile A'BBACY, n. A'BBESS. A'BBEY. A'BBOT. The Rom. of the Rose, p. 132. Abbas was introduced (says Skinner) into Europe from Syria with the Christian religion. It is derived from the Syriac Abba, Father. The application of this name to persons in monasteries was resisted by St. Jerome, as an infringement of the command to "call no man Father, upon the earth." An abbot; the chief or head of a religious order, house, monastery. Doztren he adde al so, Cecyly het that on And in this time was geuen vnto the kyng by the consent of the great and fatte abbottes, all religious houses that were of the value of three hundred marke and vnder, in hope, that their great monasteryes should haue continued still: but euen at that tyme one sayde in the parliament house, that these were as thornes, but the great abbottes were putrifyed old okes, and they must needes folowe. Grafton. Chron. Hen. VIII. an. 26 The abbot was elected by the monks of the monastery, a least in the greater part of abbacies. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1 ABBREVIATE, v. It. Abbreviare; Sp. Abre ABBREVIATE, n. viar-from Lat. Brevis the Gr. Bpaxus; A. S Bracan, to break. Se ABRIDGE. ABBREVIATION. ABBREVIATOR. ABBREVIATURE. To break or make short, concise; to shorten, t abridge; to bring or reduce to a smaller space a compass by breaking off, or removing parts. In all theyr wrytynge, [the Frenshe] when they come t any mater that soundyth any thynge to theyr honour, it ! wrytten in the longest and mooste shewynge manoure ( theyr honour and worshyp. But if it sounde any thynge 1 theyr dishonoure, than shall it be abrenyatyd or hyd, thi the trouthe shall not be knowen.-Fabyan. Hen. III. an. 2 The epistles do conteyne counsayles and aduertisement in the fourme of orations, recytynge diuers places, as w out of the olde testament. as the gospels, as it were a abbreuiate, called of the Grekes and Latines, Epitoma. Elyot. The Governor, b. iii. c. 2 Of this Joseph, Trogus Pompeius, and also his abreuiat Justine do write in this manner: Joseph was the yonge among the brethren, whose excellent wit they fearing, sol him vnto straynge marchauntes, by whome he was broug into Egypt.-Grafton. Chron. The Third Age. The Egyptians indeed did teach religion by symboli figures, and in the eastern empire their laws were writt with characters and abbreviatures. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iii. e, At the creation the original of mankind was in two persons, but after the flood, their propagation issued at least from six; at this we might very well set the length of their lives berize the flood, which were abbreviated after, and in half tas space contracted into hundreds and threescores. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b.vi. c. 6. This book was composed after two old examples of the skind, in the times of Ethelbert and Alfred, and was lat up as sacred in the church of Winchester; and for that teasca, as graver authors say, was called Liber Domus Dei, by abbreviation, Domesday Book. Sir Wm. Temple. An Introduction to the Hist. of Eng. ABCEDARY, ABCEDARIAN, or Abbecedarian, a term applied to those compositions whose parts are disposed in alphabetical order; also to a teacher of the rudiments of learning. This communication] is pretended from the sympathy etra needles touched with the same loadstone, and placed in the center of two abecedary circles or rings with letters described round about them, one friend keeping one and ther the other, and agreeing upon the hour wherein they will communicate.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. Mes received the first alphabetarie letters in the table of the Decalogue: and from the Hebrues the Phoenicians. Purchas. Pilgrimage, b. i. c. 17. When he [Thomas Farnabie] landed in Cornwall, his desses made him stoop so low, as to be abcedarian, several were taught their horn-books by him. Wood. Athena Oxonienses. ABDICATE, r.) Fr. Abdiquer; It. Abdi- Ban, right,) to go from a right. To go from, quit or leave, put away from, or deprive of, that which has been possessed by law or right. To resign, to disclaim, to renounce, to dispossess. O Saviner, it was ever thy manner to call all men unto thee: when didst thou ever drive any one from thee? neither had it been so now, but to draw them closer unto thee, tanta thon seemest for the time to abdicate. Buhep Hall. Contemp. Walke upon the Waters. 19h Jan. 1658-1689.-At length the house came to this and resolution :--Resolved, That king James the second, kiing endeavoured to subvert the constitution of the kingd by breaking the original contract between king and pe, and, by the advice of Jesuits, and other wicked persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this kingdom, has abdicated the government, and that the throne is thereby become vacant. Parliamentary History. An. 1688-9. Gretius himself, and all the authors that treat of this rater, and the nature of it, do agree, that if there be any word or action, that doth sufficiently manifest the inten of the mind and will to part with his office, that will amunt to an còdication or renouncing.-Id. It may be farther observed, that parents were allowed to be recalled to their children, but after that could never assicule them again-Potter. Antiq. of Greece, b. iv, c. 15. Great Pan, who want to chase the fair, And lov'd the spreading oak, was there; 04 Saturn too, with upcast eyes, Beheld his abdicated skies. Addison. To Sir Godfrey Kneller. The mortification of unreasonable desires, the suppression of irregular passions, the loving and blessing our enemies, the renouncing worldly vanities and pleasures, the reging in afflictions, the voluntary abdication of our estates ins me cases, yea, exposing life itself to inevitable hazard laws are not chimerical propositions of impossible performances; but duties really practicable. Barrow. Ser. vol. iii. s. 2. What is all righteousness that men devise? Cowper. Truth. The consequences drawn from these facts (namely, that they amounted to an abdication of the government; which iches did not affect only the person of the king himbut also of all his heirs, and rendered the throne absoy and completely vacant) it belonged to our ancestors to determine.-Blackstone. Com. b. i. c. 3. law, and is applied to the forcible taking away of a wife or child; and to common kidnapping. If beholding a candle, we protrude either upward or downward the pupil of one eye, and behold it with one, it will then appear but single; and if we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 20. The other remaining offence, that of kidnapping, being the forcible abduction or stealing away of a man, woman, or child, from their own country, and sending them into another, was capital by the Jewish law. Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 15. ABE'AR, v. See BEAR. Applied toABE'ARYNG. The bearing or carriage, deportment, conduct, or behaviour. The noun Abearyng has been succeeded in modern writers on English law by Abearance. See Blackstone, b. iv. c. 18. Vpon assurance takyn of the said Hunyldus, that there after he shulde be of good aberynge to warde the kyng, he clerely forgaue vnto hym all his former offence. Fabyan. Cronycles, c. 154. So did the Faery Knight himself abeare, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 12. ABE'CHED. Abeched (says Skinner), seems (from the context) to be-satisfied: from the French Abbecher, to feed (from Bec, the Beak), as birds feed their young by inserting their beak. "Abbecher. To feed as birds do their young; to put into the mouth of." Cotgrave. But might I getten as ye tolde, And for the tyme well refresshed.---Gower. Con. A. b. v. ABE'D, a. On bed. (See BED.) Some radde, that hii ssoide wende in at on hepe, Hir kyrtell, and hir mantell eke, Delight is layd abedd; and pleasure, past; Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar. Howbeit he [Lycurgus] advised her to go her full time, and to be brought abed in good order, and then he would find means enough to make away the child that should be born.--North. Plutarch, p. 34. ABERRANCE. ABERRATION. ABE'RRING. Lat. Ab-errare, to stray or wander from. A wandering from. See To ERR. Applied to the errors or mistakes of the mind; Words neither much used, nor much wanted. For though there were a fatality in this year, [" the great climactrical year, that is, sixty-three"] yet divers were, and others might be out in their account, aberring several wayes from the true and just compute, and calling that one year, which perhaps might be another. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 12. And therefore they not only swarm with errors, but vices depending thereon. Thus they commonly affect no man any further than he deserts his reason, or complies with their aberrancies.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 3. So, then we draw near to God, when, repenting us of our former aberrations from him, we renew our covenants with him.-Bishop Hall. Sermon. James iv. 8. ABE'T, v. ABE'T, n. ABE/TMENT. ABE'TTER. D. Boeten, betteren; Ger. Besseren; A. S. Betan, (meliorare, melius reddere, says Skinner.) To better, to make better. Applied to the encouraging, inciting, assisting, supporting, aiding, causing to beat, or become better. And thus To better, to aid, assist, support the designs of. But in this kind, to come in brauing armes, Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act ii. sc. 3. I am not ignorant that Cicero, in defence of his own nation, tells vs, our people, by defending their associates, became masters of the world; but I would willing be informed, whether or no, they did not often set their associates to complaine without a cause, or abet them in vnjust quarrels.-Hakewill. Apologie, p. 452. I would represent unto his Majesty, that when the principal reason of their excuse should cease, namely, these fresh stirrings so near them, which seemed to require their abetment, then they would give us more particular satisfaction.-Reliquiæ Wottoniana, p. 542. Yet Christian laws allow not such redress; Dryden. Hind and the Panther, pt. 3. That which demands to be next considered is happiness; as being in itself most considerable; as abetting the cause of truth; and as being indeed so nearly allied to it, that they cannot well be parted. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, sec. 2. Would you, when thieves are known abroad, ABHO'R, v. ABHO'RRENCE. ABHO'RRENT. ABHO'RRER. Gay. Fables, pt. ii. Fab. 12. Fr. Abhorrer; It. Abborrire; Sp. Abhorecer; Lat. Ab-horrere. See HORROur. Met. To dislike or detest, to loath, to disdain, to abominate. For he that rayleth agaynste an other man's faultes appeareth fyrste of all to abhorre from those vices, whiche he misliketh in others.-Udall. Erasmus. St. James, c. 4. King. I may perceiue These cardinals trifle with me: I abhorre Shakespeare. Henry VIII. Act ii. Be gentle graue vnto me, rather on Nylus mudde Id. Ant. and Cleo. Act v. sc. 2. He who wilfully abstains from marriage, not being supernaturally gifted; and he who, by making the yoke of marriage unjust and intolerable, causes men to abhor it, are both in a diabolical sin, equal to that of Antichrist, who forbids to marry.-Milton. Tetrachordon. We see in many cases, that time and calmer considerations, together with different customs, which, (like the tide or flood) insensibly prevail over both manners and minds of men; do oft take off the edge and keenness of men's spirits against those things, whereof they sometimes were great abhorrers.-Bp. Taylor. Artif. Hands. p. 134. Then wanton fulness vain oblivion brought, Parnell. Gift of Poetry. That which constitutes an object of contempt to the malevolent, becomes the object of other passions to a worthy and good-natured man; for, in such a person, wickedness and vice must raise hatred and abhorrence. Fielding. Covent Garden Journal, No. 61. Yet from Leonidas, thou wretch, inur'd I spurn abhorrent. In a spotless heart I look for pleasure.-Glover. Leonidas, b. x. This legal, and, as it should seem, injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter principles, was received with a very faint murmur, by the easy nature of polytheism. Gibbon. Roman Empire, c. 3. Wherever the church and court party prevailed, addresses were framed, containing expressions of the highest regard to his Majesty, the most entire acquiescence in his wisdom, the most dutiful submission to his prerogative, and the deepest abhorrence of those who endeavoured to encroach upon it, by prescribing to him any time for assembling the parliament. Thus the nation came to be distinguished into Chaucer. Troilus, b. ii. fol. 159. petitioners and abhorrers.-Hume. England. An. 1680. I am thine Eme, the shame were to me A. S. Abidan, Bidan; D. Bey- To stay, or remain; to delay, to tarry, to dwell, to continue, to wait, port; to bear up against, or endure,-with forti- tude, good temper, kindness, hope, or the reverse. He fley in to the yle of Tenet, he no dorste abide no ner. The other were of hem y war, and garkede hem in here And lette arme here ost wel, batail forto abyde. And the othir day he entride into Cesarie, and Cornelie Lyue sobreli and iustli and piteuousli in this world, For men schulen wexe drie for drede, and abidynge that Do grete diligence (saith Salomon), in keping of thy frendes, and of thy good name, for it shal lenger abide with thee, than any tresor, be it never so precious. Chaucer. The Tale of Milebeus. He [Giovanni Pietro Pugliano] said, "Soldiers were the noblest estate of mankind, and horsemen the noblest of soldiers." He said, "They were the masters of war, and ornaments of peace, speedy goers, and strong abiders." Sidney. Defence of Poesy, p. 1. The pacient abyding of the righteous shall be turned to So goth he forthe, and toke his leue, And thought anone, as it was eue, That many a man shuld it abedge.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. Full ofte er this it hath be seine The comen people is ouerleyne, And hath the kynges synne abought, Allthough the people agilte nought.—Ib. b. vii. Which when his brother saw, fraught with great griefe And wrath, he to him leaped furiously, And fouly said, by Mahoune, cursed thiefe, That direfull stroake thou dearely shalt aby. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. viii. Bar. Fool-hardy knight, full soon thou shalt aby A'BJECT, adj. A'BJECTNESS. Fr. Abject; It. Abjetto; Lat. jicere, (Ab-jacere,) to cast, or cast off or out, to cast down. Base, lowly, servile, worthless, despicable, mean, The duches desiring to knowe whiche waye lady Fortune turned her whele, herynge hym to be repudiate and abiected Clo. His vices you would say: there's no vertue out of the court: they cherish it to make it stay there; and yet it will no more but abide. Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act iv. sc. 2. Lor. Sweete friends; your patience for my long abode ;- Not I, but my affaires haue made you wait. Id. Merchant of Venice, Act ii. sc. 6. When all the earth shall melt into nothing, and the seas scald their finny labourers; so long is his abidance [in pur- gatory].-The Puritan, Act ii. sc. I. Abating all the rueful consequences of abiding in sin, abstracting from the desperate hazards it exposeth us to in regard to the future life, it is most reasonable to abandon it. When he, whom e'en our joys provoke, The fiend of nature, join'd his yoke, And rush'd in wrath to make our isle his prey, And stopp'd his wheels, and look'd his rage away. ABIE, is very variously written. By Chaucer, In all the examples following, "buy or pay for, dearly, cruelly, sorely," appears to be the meaning. Turne we thiderward, and delyuer our prisons, And so it may betide, thei salle dere abie My [mine] that thei hide, my men in prison lie. Ac for the lesynge that thow Lucifer, lowe til Eve Thow shalt abygge bitere quath God, and bond hym with cheynes.-Piers Plouhman, p. 363. Ther dorste no wight hond upon him legge, Ye fathers, and ye mothers eke also, Though ye han children, be it on or mo, Your is the charge of all hir surveance, While that they ben under your governance. Beth ware, that by ensample of your living, Or by your negligence in chastising, That they ne perish: for I dare wel saye, For that offence only [disobedience] Almighty God abjected Saul, that he shulde no more reigne ouer Israel. Sir T. Elyot. The Governor, c. 1. Bale. Image of both Churches. The audacite and bolde speche of Daniel signifyeth the abiection of the kynge and his realine. Joye. The Exposicion of Daniel, c. 5. Jesus calleth the home fro this affeccion, to ye contem- placio of his lowe state of abieccio in this world. Christ for the time of his pilgrimage here was a most The damzell straght went, as she was directed Gan weepe and waile, as if great griefe had been affected. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9. st. 9. Oh noble Lord, bethinke thee of thy birth; Shakespeare. Tam. of Sh. Act i. sc. 3. Or in this abject posture have ye sworn T'adore the conqueror? who now beholds Cherub and seraph rolling in the flood With scatter'd arms and ensigns. But is it credible, that the very acknowledgment of our It abjected his [Wolsey's] spirit to that degree, that he fell Strype. Memorials, b. i. c. 15. To what base ends, and by what abject ways, Are mortals urg'd, through sacred lust of praise! Nor did he sooner see the hoy approaching the vessel than he ran down again into the cabin, and, his rage being per- ABJU'RE, v. Fr. Abjurer; It. Abjurare; ABJURATION. Sp. Abjurar; Lat. Abjurare, (Ab jurare,) to swear from, to forswear. See the To swear-(sc.) To go away from, or leave: to disown, to dis- But now was he so obstinate, that he woulde not abiure of In this season were banished out of Southwarke XII Scottes, whiche had dwelt there a long season, and wer conueied frō parishe to parishe by the constable, like men yt had abiured the realme, and on their vttermost garment a white crosse before and another behynd them. Hall. Chron. Hen. VIII. an. 14. I put my selfe to thy direction, and Shakespeare. Mac. Act iv. sc. 3. La. When a clerk heretofore was convicted of felony, he Hobbs. A Dialogue of the Common Laws. And thereupon [he] took the oath in that case provided, viz. that he abjured the realm, and would depart from thence forthwith, at the port that should be assigned him, and would never return without leave from the king. Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 26. A Jacobite, who is persuaded of the pretender's right to ABLACTATION. Lat. (of the lower age,) Ablactatus. (Ab-lacte, depulsus), driven from the milk applied (formerly) met. to a mode of Grafting by approach or ablactation is to be performed when the stock you would graft on, and the tree from which A taking away, or depriving. Ablative, that can or may take away. Prohibition extends to all injustice, whether done t waththe able into deeth, to schewe the richessis of his State Trials. 8 Hen. IV. 1407. William Thorpe. And ye my ladies that ben trew and stable, By way of kind ye ought to ben able, Id. The Complaint of Mars, fol. 326. A our abilitie of sufficiencie commeth of God. And so State Trials. 6 Rich. II. 1383. John Wickliffe. Let no man blame our nature for being weake and faint, The Golden Booke, c. 3. A noble crew about them waited round Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. can. 12. I can produce a man, of female seed, far abler to resist All his solicitations, and at length All his vast force, and drive him back to Hell; By fallacy surpris'd.-Milton. Paradise Regained, b. !. Whom shall we choose As the most apt and abled instrument B. Jonson, Sejanus, Act ii. sc. 1. Cres. They say all louers sweare more performance than Shakespeare. Troi. and Cres. Act iii. sc. 2. Never liv'd gentleman of greater merit, Ford. The Broken Heart, Act v. sc. 2. Certainly the force of imagination is wonderfull, either to Hakewill. Apologie, p. 19. Bolingbroke. Remarks on the Hist. of England. And novels (witness every month's review), The mind, relaxing into needful sport, Should turn to writers of an abler sort, Whose wit well manag'd, and whose classic style, Dort, call the decree of God, whereby he hath appointed, in name, which in Latine is called Felix, and in our English What strange ominous abodings and fears do many times Sp. Ablucion; Lat. Ablutio: from abluere, (Ab-where-of at present there is no visible appearance. A washing off or away from; cleansing, purifying. There is a natural analogy between the ablution of the Bp. Taylor. Worthy Communicant. So because the common way of making a people holy, Hearts may be found, that harbour at this hour Cowper. Conversation. With us, the man of no complaint demands A'BNEGATE, v. Armstrong. Art of Health, b. iii. Let the princes be of what religion they please, that is all A serpentine generation wholly made of fraud, policies, ABO'ARD, n. Sir E. Sandys. State of Religion. | and, then, to address. And afterwards, a great wynde and tepest arisyng in ye sea, Nicolls. Thucydides, fol. 53. Resolv'd he said: and rigg'd with speedy care, Dryden. Cymon and Iph. I would at the same time penetrate into their thoughts, Chesterfield. Let. 186. See to BODE, and to FORE- ABLEGATION, n. Lat. Ablegatio; from Able-ship.-Fielding. Voyage to Lisbon. Whereas we ought, according to the wise advise of our Ambrose interprets that place of 1 Tim. ii. 4. BODE. To see or discern; to shew or Nay, such abodes ben nat worth an haw. Chaucer. Troilus, b. iii. fol. 171. The night-crow cryde aboding luckless time. Shakespeare. 3 Part Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 6. The inhabitauntes of the north partes being by the meanes Thus, M. Hardinge, it is plaine by the judgment of your Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 143. He hath given it them moreouer to doe these thinges Bale. Image of bothe Churches, pt. ii. Now to thentent that ye may yet farther percieue and se, Sir T. More. Works, p. 311. But is nowe made manifest by the appearing of our With silly weake old woman thus to fight;--- Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. Mol. That vow perform'd, fasting shall be abolish'd: Dryden. Don Sebastian, Act i. sc. 1. To loath or abhor, To turn from as ill omened. Thei knowlochen that thei knowen god, but bi dedis thei And he seide to hem, ye it ben that justifyen you bifore Ib. Luke, c. 16. Al whom therfore by the whole thousande on an heape |