(Wachter.) In A. S. Cearfan, ceorfan, aceorfan, to carve, to cut, to cut to picces, to slay, to kill. A destructive kind of gun.

What though the German drum Bellow for freedom and revenge? the noise Concerns not us, nor should divert our joys; Nor ought the thunder of their carabins Drown the sweet airs of our tun'd violins.

Carew. On the Death of the King of Sweden.

I, hearing him give good words, thought he proposed to render himself to me; and therefore stopped my horse, that I might hear him more distinctly: but he, instead of that, made ready his carabine to fire at me.

Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 132.

CA'RACK, n. Fr. Carraque; It. Caracca; Sp. Caráca. Vossius, a gravitate capitis, a kapа et Bapus. Skinner, perhaps, from the Lat. Carrus; (q. d.) carrus marinus. Delphino calls itA great heavy sort of ship, the Portuguese formerly sailed in to the East Indies: it was also used by the Genoeses.

Lat. Carbo, carbonis, a coal.

Fr. Carbonade," a rasher on the coals; also a slash over the face, which fetcheth the flesh with it," (Cotgrave.)

To carbonado, is, to chop, cut, slice, or slash; as meat chopt or cut for cooking upon the coals.

Draw you rogue, or I'le so carbonado your flanks, draw you rascall, come your waies.-Shakes. Lear, Act ii. sc. 2. An hundred thousand Turks, it is no vaunt, Assail'd him; every one a termagaunt: But what did he, then! with his keen-edged spear, He cut and carbonaded them: here and there

Therefore he would have it his way; and our friend is drink till he is carbuncled, and tun-bellied; after which will send him down to smoke, and be burried with his a cestors in Derbyshire.-Tatler, No. 66.

-From that scene
The gloomy night for ever to expel,
Imagination's wanton skill in chains
Of pearl throughout the visionary hall
Suspends carbuncles, gems of native light,
Emitting splendour, such as tales portray.

Glover. The Athenaid, b.

CARCAN. Fr. Carcan; Mid. Lat. Card CARCANET. num. Menage says from the Kiрkios, a kind of chain.

A kind of chain, (sc.) for the neck, or a no

And now hath Sathanas, sayth he, a tayl
Broder than a carrike in the sayl.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Prol. v. 7270.

And had prepared in certayne portes, such a nombre of vessels, shyppes, careekes, and gayles, suffycient to passe ouer lx.m. men of armes, with all their purueaunces.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 27.

The other, [ship] wherein C. Cæsar had transported the second obeliske into the river, after it had been kept safe for certain yeares together to be scene, (for that it was the most

admirable carrick that ever had been knowne to flote upon the sea,) Claudius Cæsar late Emperour of Rome, caused it to be brought to Ostia, where, for the safetie and securitie of the haven, he sunk it, and thereupon as a sure foundation, hee raised certaine piles or bastions, like turrets or skonces, with the sand of Puteoli.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvi. c. 9. The fire refuses not, as well to warm the beggar as the prince; the water bears as well the carrick as the cork. Feltham, Resolve 75.

CARAVAN, n. Į A Persian and Turkish CARAVANSARY. word. The Turks pronounce it Kervan, and it signifies a number of persons assembled to journey together. Caravansera,from Kervan, and serai, a house; a house at which caravans sojourn, (Menage.)

Sir. What ill chance hath brought the to this place, So far from path or road of men, who pass

In troop or caravan, for single none

Durst ever, who return'd, and dropt not here
His carcass, pin'd with hunger and with drought?
Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i.

Ah sir, said the Dervise, a house, that changes its inhabitants so often, and receives such perpetual succession of guests, is not a palace but a caravansary.

-The wealthy marts

Spectator, No. 289.

Of Ormus and Gombroon, whose streets are oft With caravans and tawny merchants throng'd, From neighbouring provinces and realmes afar. Dyer. The Fleece, b. iv. Obadiah, the son Abensina, left the caravansara early in the morning, and pursued his journey through the plains of Indostan.-Rambler, No. 65.

CA/RAVEL, or Fr. Caravelle; It. CaraCA'RVEL. Svella; Sp. Carabela. Menage says from Carabus, (a crab.) Caraba, carava, caravella, caravel. See CARACK.

Hackluyt appears to have deemed it, comparatively, a large vessel. Delphino calls it

A light, round, old-fashioned ship, with a square poop, rigged like a galley, formerly used in Spain and Portugal.

The next day being the 10th of May in the morning, there were come to aide the said Portugals, foure great armadas or carauals more which made seuen, of which 4, three of them were at the least 100 tunnes a piece, and another not so bigge, but all well appointed and full of men.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 63. Isab. Who I? I thank you, I am as haste ordain'd me, a thing slubber'd, my sister is a goodly portly lady, a woman of a presence, she spreads sattens, as the king's ships do canvas every where, she may spare me her misen, and her bonnets, strike her main petticoat, and yet out sail me. I am a carve! to her.

Beaum. & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act i. sc. 1.

Cimb. Hunger shall force thee to cut off the brawns From thy arms and thighs; then broil them on the coals For carbonadoes.--Massinger. The Bondman, Act iii. sc. 3. They make a general sally, and attack all that are so unfortunate as to walk the streets through which they patroll. Some are knocked down, others stabbed, others cut and carbonadoed.-Spectator, No. 324.

CARBUNCLE, n. Fr. Carbuncle; It. CarCARBUNCLED, adj. boncolo; Sp. Carboncol; Dut. Karbunckel; Lat. Carbunculus, diminutive of Carbo, carbonis, a coal; quod sit ignitus ut carbo. Carbunculus, by Pliny, is applied to a disease that singes and burns the eilets of the burgeons or buds; he also speaks of "the hote earth, called Carbunculus, which used to burn the corne sowne thereupon," (Holland.)

A Carbuncle is a name given to a certain precious stone; and also to certain burning spots or tumours on the face; to both, from their shining or glittering like burning coals. See the example from Pliny.

Forth right he straught his finger out,
Upon the whiche he had a rynge,

To seen it was a riche thyng,

A fine carbuncle for the nones

Most precious of all stones.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

So harde is that carbuncle, catching ones a core, to be by any meane well and surely cured.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 351. And the goutes, carbuncles, kankers, lepryes, and other lyke sores and sycknesses, whiche do proceed of blode corrupted, be to al men detestable. Sir T. Elyot. Gouernovr, b. ii. c. 4.

I find, on the one side that a great many think it no rarity, upon a mistaken persuasion, that not only there are store of carbuncles, of which this is one; but that all diamonds, and other glittering jewels, shine in the dark. Whereas, on the other side, there are very learned men, who (plausibly enough) deny, that there are any carbuncles or shining stones at all.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 790.

The infectious steams presently invaded the lower part of his leg, and produced a pungent pain and blister, which turned to a pestilential carbuncle, that could scarce be cured in a fortnight after.--Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 676.

Unto which [Geometry and Astrology] who will thir that the gorgeous trappings and caparisons, the brooch collars, and carkans of riches are any waies comparable. Holland. Plutarch, p. 1

For, said they, they have the same bows, the same embroidered gowns, the same golden chains and carcas of womanish persons, hanging on their cowardly bodies. faint hearts.-North. Ib. p. 280.

My wife is shrewish when I keep not howres;
Say that I lingered with you at your shop
To see the making of her carkanet,
And that tomorrow you will bring it home.

Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act iii. so
About his necke a carknett rich he ware,
Of precious stones, all set in gold well tried,
His armes that erst all warlike weapons bare,
In golden bracelets wantonly were tied.

Harrington. Orlando Furioso, b. vii. s. CARCASS. Fr. Carquass; Mid. Lat. C CA'RCASLIKE. casium. Perhaps immediat from the Fr. Carquois; It. Carcasso, a quiver, similitudinem cum pharetra; (sc.) with an em quiver. (See Junius, Menage, Du Cange, Wachter.) Applied to-

A dead body; any thing decayed; in a ruin state; the mere shell; the skeleton; as the c cass of a house.

Howe ca I, quoth he, be sure therof. May yr taking of a mannes bones, & setting hys carcas in a gay shrie then kissing his bare scalpe, make a má a saint. Sir T. More. Works, p. He woulde haue commaunded the karkaslyke syeke to be had away, and then haue all to washed himself w water-Udal. Mark, c. 2.

Thre times about the walls of Troy was Hector ha.c ground

His carcas eke Archilles had for golde exchaunged rot Phaer. Virgile. Ençidus, But, for our burning of the dead, by all means I am wo To satisfie thy king therein, without the slenderest | Made of their spoyled carkasses; but freely (being sic They shall be all consum'd with fire.

Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b

Bast. Heere's a stay, That shakes the rotten carkasse of old death Out of his ragges.-Shakespeare. King John, Act ii. The Red sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew Busiris and his Memphian chivalry, While with perfidious hatred they pursu'd The sojourners of Goshen, who beheld From the safe shore their floating carkases And broken chariot wheels.-Milton. Par. Lost, b. i. He thinks that Providence fills his purse, and his ba only to pamper his owne carcass, to invite him to tak case and his fill, that is, to serve his base appetites wit the occasions of sin.-South, vol. iv. Sci. 2.

Fast by the azure necks he held

And grip'd in either hand his scaly foes; Till from their horrid carcasses expell'd At length the poisonous soul unwilling flows. West. First Nemeal

CARCERAL. Lat. Carcer, a prison; a (the barriers or starting post) are so called cendo, quod exire prohibet, (Varro.) Car

cause horses are restrained (coercentur) from beyond them, before the signal is given. Goth. Karker; A. S. Carcern; Dut. and Kerker; Wachter says it may be derived from A. S. Cark, cura, care, (of which prisons are

Notwithstanding through fauour they were cont that he should be released from his carceral indura case he would put in sufficient suretie in the king's cerie, and swere that he shall neuer holde or fauo such opinions hereafter. Fox. Martyrs. Hen. VI. an

Walle we the wight, whose presence was our pride:
Wale we the wight, whose absence is our cark.

Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar, November.

Such is the thrift of that old carking hag,
Her houses fall she ventures, but to spare
The simple cost ev'n of a patch'd repair.

Beaumont. Psyche, c. 2. s. 58.

Would not common prudence teach you to take the surest way for your subsistance, and not to suffer yourselves to be tormented with needless fears, and carking cares, about that which God himself hath promised to provide for you: I know it would.-Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 131.

CARLE, . CARLE, V. CABLISH, adj. CARLOT. strong, (Vossius.)

A. S. Ceorle; Ger. Kerl; Dut. Kaerle. Carel, karl, in the ancient language of Germany, signifies robust and

A carle is a robust, strong man; a rustick, Labouring man; uncivilized, unpolished, rude, brutal. See CHURL.

The miller was a stout carl for the nones,
Fall bigge he was of braun, and eke of bones.
Chaucer. Prologue, v. 547.

He woulde not seeme
Like one of earlish abiecte minde,

so vyle a thing t'esteme.-Drant. Horace, b. i. Sat. 2.

Full of ache, sorrow and griefe, children againe, dizards, they carle many times as they sit, and talke to themselves.

Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 60.

So vp be rose, and thence amounted streight,
Which when the carle beheld, and saw his guest
Would safe depart, for all his subtile sleight,
He chose an halter from among the rest,
And with it hung himselfe vnbid, vnblest.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10.

By whose brave carriage in so hard a thing,
He did well worthy of his trust appear;
Who in his castle, carelesly defended
That crafty carlet closely apprehended.

Drayton. The Baron's Wars, b. v.

What news, what news! thou noble king,
Howe, Arthur, hast thou sped?
Where hast thou hung the carlish knighte
And where bestow'd his head.

The Marriage of Sir Gawayne, pt. ii. Percy.

Sil. Not very well, but I haue met him oft, And he that bought the cottage and the bounds That the old carlot once was master of.

Shakespeare. As You like It, Act iii. sc. 5.

Carnify, to cause to be or to become flesh, rests on the usage by Sir Mathew Hale who uses it more than once.

Carnivorous, devouring flesh. See CARNIVAL, and INCARN.

The loue & amitie of christen folke should be rather ghostly frēdship than bodily: sith that all faithfull people are rather spirituall then carnall.-Sir T. More. Workes, p.1.

Nothynge so sharpely assaileth a man's minde, as doth carnalle affection, called (by the followers thereof) loue. Sir T. Elyot. Gouernovr, b. iii. c. 17. Deliciouse delicates effeminate ryght strong men and miche the soner the soft Assyrios. By siche carnalite was Capua made a Canne to Hanibal. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 5.

The Jewes loke for Christ, and he is come xv. hundred yeares agoe, and they not ware: we also haue loked for Antichrist, and he hath raigned as long, and we not ware: and that because either of vs looked carnally for hym and not in the places where we ought to haue sought. Tyndall. Workes, p. 60. But such as stubbernly maintaine Moses lawe literally & carnally understanden, excepte they forsaking the carnalness thereof, fal from it to the spirite, neither do please God nor can.-Udal. Rom. c. 8.

By which device they encountered and fought with even fronts, and on equall hand for number: so he put the eneinies to flight, and with those few souldiers, which he had, he made great carnage of them.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 371. The carnage and execution was no less after the conflict, then during the fight: for whereas there were many more of them slaine outright in the place than taken prisoners, those also that were prisoners, they spared not, but murdered every where as they went.-Id. Livivs, p. 55.

There is no talking to such, no hope of their conversion, they are in a reprobate sense meere carnalists, fleshy minded men.-Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 685.

There he affirmeth of himselfe, that when he did behold the Christians in their torments and suffrings to be so constant in their profession, he [Justine] was therewith marvellouslie moved: after this maner reasoning with himselfe, that it was impossible for that kind of people to be subiect to anie vice or carnalitie, which vices of their owne nature are not able to sustaine anie sharpe aduersitie, much lesse the bitterness of death.

Fox. Martyrs. Persecutions of the Church.

God is on our side, and therfore we fear not what the Pope or any other carnalite can do against us.

Anderson. Exposition upon Benedictus, 1573, p. 76. What concord can there be between a sensual and carnalized spirit that understands no other pleasures but only those of the flesh, and those pure and virgin-spirits, that neither eat nor drink, but live for ever upon wisdom and Dyer. Fleece, b. ii. holiness, and love and contemplation? Scott. Christian Life, pt. i. c. 2.

Coarse Bothnick locks are not devoid of use;
They clothe the mountain carl or mariner
Labouring at the wet shrouds, or stubborn helm,
While the loud billows dash the groaning deck.

I deem that carl, by beauty's pow'r unmov'd,
Hated of heav'n, of none but hell approv'd.
O may he never love, O never be belov'd.

Thompson. Hymn to May.

CARMINATIVE. Fr. Carminatif; from Lat. Carminare, to cleanse from gross parts; or from Carmen; as if acting by charm or enchantment. Arbuthnot calls carminatives-expellers of wind; and further says:

Carminative are such things as dilute and relax at the are time; because wind occasions a spasm or convulsion some part. Whatever promotes insensible perspiration is carminative-On Aliments, c. 5.

Carminative and diuretic

Will damp all passion sympathetick:
And love such nicety requires
One blast will put out all his fires.

For sin wrought this concupiscence and carnal-mindedness; and this carnal-mindedness is such a propensity and desire to sin, and hath in it such easiness to act, that it bringeth forth many sins, and they bring forth death; and therefore the Apostle says expressly φρονημα του σαρκος θάνατος και εχθρα εις θεον this carnal-mindedness is death and enmity against God: this is that state, in which whosoever abides cannot please God.

Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 5. s. 3.

At the same time I think, I deliberate, I propose, I command; in inferior faculties, I walk, I see, I hear, I digest, I sanguify, I carnify.-Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 31.

This oilie substance doth increase and augment within the olive, until the rising of the star Arcturus, to wit sixteen dayes before the calends of October; after which time, their stones and carnous matter about them doe rather

thrive.-Holland. Plinie, b. xv. c. 3.

Yea, and otherwise it is good for the old maine bough to feed still and thrive in pulpe and carnositie, if we purpose that it should remaine and carry a length with it. Id. Ib b. xvii. c. 23.

Swift. Strephon & Chloe. Lat. Caro, carnis, flesh, a carendo, eò quod careat animâ, because it is with-butter might supple them. But I see they are for the most I would the consciences of men were such, as oyl and out life or breath. (See part overgrown with so hard a carnosily, as it requireth Vossius.) Carnal, as ap- strong and potent corrosives to make an entrance into them. plied generally, is Spelman. English Works. An Epilogue, p. 18.

Of or pertaining to the flesh; to the lusts of the flesh; fleshly; opposed to spiritual.

Carnage, the slaughter of flesh; flesh slain or slaughtered.

It is not unusual to write carnal prefixed to minded and mindedness. Caraecus,fleshy, having qualities of, or resembling those of, flesh.

About an age ago it was the fashion in England, for every one that would be thought religious, to throw as much sanctity as possible into his face, and in particular to abstain from all appearances of mirth and pleasantry, which were looked upon as the marks of a carnal mind. Spectator, No. 494. If Godly, why do they wallow and steep in all the carnalities of the world, under pretence of Christian liberty? South, vol. i. Ser. 10. Lastly, that the apostle doth very fitly take the law either in one sense or in the other, either spiritually or carnally, according to the differing sentiments of those to whom he wrote the epistles.-Nelson. Life of Bp. Bull.

Gaspar Bartholine hath observed that where the gullet perforates the midriff, the carneous fibers of that muscular part are inflected and arcuate, as it were a sphincter, embracing and closing it fast.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii.

The muscle whereby he [the hedge-hog] is enabled to draw himself thus together, and gather up his whole body like a ball, the Parisian academists describe to be a distinct carnose muscle, extended from the ossa innominata, to the ear and nose, running along the back bone, without being fastened thereto.-Id. Ib. pt. ii.

Such birds as have crooked beaks and talons are all carnivorous; and so of quadrupeds, κapxapodovra, carnivora omnia. All that have serrate teeth are carnivorous. Id. Ib. pt. i.

Our nobility was wont to applaud the Italians, as the best examples of elegancy: may we not with good pretences to sobriety, reduce our carnivorous tables to their patterns of salads.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 376. Letter from J. Beale. But the practice of these [the dog and cat] is nothing, to what the animals of the forest endure. As these mostly live upon accidental carnage, so they are often known to remain without food for several weeks together. Goldsmith. Animated Nature, pt. ii. c. 6.

But if in this inconsiderable part of the globe, such a carnage [2,000,000] has been made in two or three short reigns, and that this great carnage, great as it is, makes but a minute part of what the histories of that people inform us they suffered; what shall we judge of countries more extended, and which have waged wars far more considerable ? Burke. Vindication of Natural Society. Lat. Caro, carnis, flesh;

CARNATION, n.

CARNATIONed. Fr. Incarnadine; It. Carnadino. Color carnis, colour of flesh, (Skinner.) Mr. Steevens says, carnardine is the old term for carnation. And quotes the old comedy as beHopkins uses carnation as incarnation, (qv.) See the quotation from Wilkins.

low.

After the same manner are the several varieties of colours to be expressed; namely, by their resemblance to other things commonly known. So flesh-like is carnation. Wilkins. Real Character, pt. iii. c. 7.

Court, gentle Zephyr, court and fan,
Her gentle breast's carnationed wan.

Lovelace. Lucasta at the Bath. The brave carnation, then, with sweet and sovereign power,

(So of his colour call'd, although a July flower,)
With th' other of his kind, the speckled and the pale.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 15.

She here me first perceiv'd, and here a morn
Of bright carnations did o'erspread her face;
Here did she sigh, here first my hopes were born,
Here first I got a pledge of promis'd grace.

Drummond. Sonnets, &c. pt. i. s. 60. Some profess'd florists make them their constant study and employment, and despise all fruit; and now and then a few fanciful people spend all their time in the cultivation of a single tulip, or a carnation.-Spectator, No. 455.

So, in a garden bath'd with genial show'rs,
A thousand sorts of variegated flow'rs,
Jonquils, carnations, pinks, and tulips rise,
And in a gay confusion charm our eyes.

Jenyns. Art of Dancing, c. 2.

Grograms, sattins, velvet fine,
The rosy coloured carnardine.

Any Thing for a Quiet Life. What signature is there stamp'd upon any of the creatures of a Trinity in Unity, of the eternal generation, or temporal carnation of the Son of God.-Hopkins. Workes, p. 716. CARNIVAL, n. Fr. Carnaval; It. Carnovale. Some Italian writers (says Du Cange) think Carnovale so called, as if carne or caro, vale. Du Cange, (in v. Carnelevamen,) himself thinks,—dies istos, seu potius Diem Martis, qui Quadragesimam antecedit, that those days were, or rather the Tuesday preceding Lent, was called carn-a-val, quod sonat, Caro abscedit, seu tempus carnes comedendi ;-the days for eating flesh are passed. The time or season in which it was lawful to eat flesh, was called in Mid. Lat. Carnale; in Fr. Charnage.

This festive season, which is particularly observed at Venice, continues from the Epiphany till the first day of Lent.

They had their Baccanalia; we had our wakes, answering to them: they their Saturnalia, and we our Carnivals, and Shrove-Tuesdays, liberty of servants. Hobbes. Of the Kingdom of Darkness, c. 45.

The carnival of Venice is every where talked of. The great diversion of the place at that time, as well as on all other high occasions is masking. These disguises give occasion to abundance of love adventures; and I question not but the secret history of a carnival would make a collection of very diverting novels.-Addison. On Italy. Venice,

Moreover, that during all the time of his empire, he neither tooke up any man to sit with him in his carroch, nor admitted any private person to be his companion in the honourable estate of consull, as princes have been wont to do.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 63.

Car. She, I assure you, madam,
Knows nothing but her will; must be allow'd
Her footmen, her caroch, her ushers, pages,

Her doctor, chaplains.-Massinger. Renegado, Act i. sc. 2. Spun. Old honour goes on crutches, beggary rides caroched. Id. The Virgin Martyr, Act iii. sc. 3.

All this, quoth Ralph, I did, 'tis true,
Not to preserve myself, but you:
You, who were damn'd to baser drubs
Than wretches feel in powdering-tubs;
To mount two-wheel'd caroches, worse,
Than managing a wooden horse.-Hudibras, pt. iii. c. 2.
Fr. Carolle; It. Carola. Me-

CAROL, v. CA'ROL, n. nage says, Choreola, a diminuCAROLING, n. tive of Chorea. Somner produces the word Kyrriole, and thinks it probable that such a word may have been corrupted from Kuple exentov, (Lord, have mercy,) so frequently repeated in morning prayers. And hence he conjectures our carol to be a hymn, (sc.) usually sung on the Nativity. In Fr. Carolle is the name of a kind of dance, and so it is used in Robert of Gloucester. See the quotation from Warton. Aftur mete, as rygt was, the menstrales geode aboute, And knygtes and sweynes in carole gret route. R. Gloucester, p. 53.

What ladies fayrest ben or best dancing,
Or which of hem can carole best or sing,
Ne who most felingly speketh of loue;
Of all this now I make no mentioun.

Chaucer. The Knighles Tale, v. 2205.

And if so befalle amonge, That she carole vpon a songe,

Whan I it here, I am so fedde, That I am fro myselfe so ledde,

As though I were in Paradice.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.
There was great myrth on all side,
Where as she passeth by the streate,
There was ful many a tymbre beate,
And many a maide carolende.
And eke he can carolles make,
Roundel, balade, and verelaie.

Ne nightingale in the seson of May Was never non, that list better to sing Ne lady lustier in carolling.

Id. Ib.

Id. Ib. b. i.

Chaucer. The Chanonnes Yemannes Tale, v. 16,813. The same season the princesse, mother to kyng Richarde, lay at Wynsore, and her doughter with her, my lady Maude, the fayrest lady in all Englade: therle of saynt Poule, and this yong lady, were in true amours togyder eche of other, and somtyme they met togyder at daunsynge and carollyng. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, c. 394.

There, on a day, as he persew'd the chace,
He chanc't to spy a sort of shepherd groomes,
Playing on pipes, and caroling apace,

The whiles their beastes there in the budded broomes

CARO USE, v. CARO USE, n. CARO USER.

CAROUSAL.

Fr. Carousser; Sp. Carau, from the Ger. Gar ausz, empty it entirely, (prorsus deple vel exhauri,) in a word, all out, (Skinner.) Lye thinks it may be from Reuse, or ruse; and Ruse, Junius derives from the Dut. Ruyschen, strepere, perstrepere, sonore tumultuari, to make a roaring noise, an uproar. Menage is to the same purport as Skinner ;— Ger. Garauss, which signifies toute vuide.

Mr. Gifford-without any authority-asserts, that rouse was a large glass, ("not past a pint," as lago says,) in which a health was given, the drinking of which by the rest of the company formed a carouse. There could be no rouse or carouse unless the glass was empty. A rouse or two, in the language of the present day, would be a bumper or two." (See Gifford's Massinger, vol. i. p. 239, Note.) To carouse is—

The one of these he carped, as a man of no witte a uerie meane learninge: the other for his verbositie a negligence in penning his history.-Holland.Suetonius, p.13

Then for his phrase he carpeth at it in infinite place

As Britons, that so long Have held this antique song,

to pledge them thou refuse.-Drant. Ep. to Lollius. He in that forrest did deaths cup carowse Which fatal was vnto the conquerors house. Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 646. Plentie, the childe of peace, in euerie house, Did furnish out the tables with her store, Lycus fruitful cup with full carowse Went round about, mirth stood at euerie doore.

Id. Ib. p. 610.

When lately Pym descended into hell, Ere he the cups of Lethe did carouse, What place that was, he called loud to tell; To whom a Devil-"This is the lower house." Drummond, Epig. 8. And that monarch, whom even a siege could not reduce below a condition of feasting, though he were carouzing in the consecrated cups, had such a brimmer of trembling put into his hand, as both presaged, and, perchance, began, the destiny approaching him under the ensigns of the noble Cyrus.-Boyle. Occasional Reflections, s. 5. ref. 3.

As if he [Benhadad] had drawn together such a numerous and mighty army, headed by so many princes, only for the glorious and warlike expedition of carousing in their tents, or to fight it out hand to hand, in the cruel and bloody encounters of drinking healths.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 10.

The bold carouser and advent'rous dame,
Nor fear the fever nor refuse the flame;
Safe in his skill, from all restraints set free,
But conscious shame, remorse or piety.

Lansdowne. To Dr. Garth in his Sickness.

But I have probable reasons, which induce me to believe, that some Italians having curiously observ'd the gallantries of the Spanish Moors at their Zambras or Royal feasts, where musick, songs, and dancing, were in perfection, together with their machines, which are usual at their Sortias, or

Beside them fed. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 9. running at the ring, and other solemnities, may possibly

Nor under every bank and every tree,
Speak rhymes unto my oaten minstralsie;
Nor carol out so pleasing lively laies

As mought the Graces move my mirth to praise.
Bp. Hall. Satires, b. i. Sat. 1.
They heare such notes, and heauenly carolings
Of God's high praise, that fills the brasen sky,
And feel such ioye and pleasure inwardly,
That maketh them all worldly cares forget,
And onely thinke on that before them set.

Spenser. Hymne of Heauenlie Beautie.

Why do the Delian palms incline their boughs,
Self-mov'd? and hovering swans, their throats releas'd
From native silence, carol sounds harmonious.
Prior. Second Hymn to Callimachus.

Rise, sons of harmony, and hail the morn,
While warbling larks on russet pinions float;
Or seek at noon the woodland scene remote,
Where the gray linnets carol from the hill.

Beattie. The Minstrel, b. i. In the year 1521 Wynkyn de Worde printed a set of Christmas carols; these were festal chansons for enlivening the inerriment of the Christmas celebrity; and not such religious songs as are current at this day with the common people under the same title, and which were substituted by those enemics of innocent and useful mirth, the Puritans.

Warton. English Poetry, vol. iii. s. 26.

have refin'd upon these Moresque divertisements, and produc'd this delightful entertainment, by leaving out the warlike part of the carousels, and forming a poetical design for the use of the machines, the songs, and dances. Dryden. Albian & Albanius, Pref. This game, these carousels Ascanius taught, And, building Alba, to the Latins brought. Id. Virgil. Eneid, b. v. The sun was set;-they had done their work; the nymphs had tied up their hair afresh,-and the swains were preparing for a carousal;-my mule made a dead point.

Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. vii. c. 43.

CARP, v. Fr. Charpir; It. Carpire; CA'RPER, n. Lat. Carpere, to shear, to crop, CA'RPING, adj. to carve, (perhaps from the CARPING, n. A. S. Cearf-ian, to carve,) to CARPINGLY. tear to pieces; and thusTo pull or pluck out, to catch at, (sc. met.) small faults or errors; to find fault, to detect or expose faults, to cavil. In our old writers ;-to hold up to ridicule, to jest, to scoff at.

And it appears also to have been used as Dr. Jamieson interprets it; 1. to speak, to talk, to relate verbally or in writing; 2. to sing. And

And let all our carpers
Forbear their fame to wrong,
Th'are right skilful harpers.

Drayton. To Himself and the Ha
Shame not these woods
By putting on the cunning of a carper,
Be thou a flatterer.

Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act iv. sc. The answere is fit for so friuolous an obiection; and little true reason voyde of malicious carping, would ha taught you that this is rather a ciuill manner and custom our country, than a ceremonie of the church.

Whitgift. Defence, p. 53 But it is always thus with pedants, they will ever be ea ing, if a gentleman or man of honour puts a pen to paper Tatler, No.

Lay aside, therefore, a carping spirit, and read even adversary with attention and diligence, with an honest sign to find out his true meaning; do not snatch at lif lapses and appearances of mistake, in opposition to his clared and avowed meaning.

Watts. Improvement of the Mind, pt. i. c CARPENTER, n. Į Low. Lat. Carpen CARPENTRY, N. (rius; Fr. Charpenti It. Carpentero; Sp. Carpintero. Menage thi from Carpentum; Vossius, quod ligna carpit, i cædit, because he cuts wood. We must by means omit, observes Junius, that Hesych Kuprev exp. TλTTEш, ferire, to strike. A Tooke remarks, that "the translation of New Testament, which is ascribed to Wicliffe, alludes probably to his own MS.) proves to us t at that time, smith, (sc. one who smiteth,) and penter were synonymous."

A wright, or worker in wood.

And tho Sir Maci was inome, & hii withinne come, An carpenter, that hii sede that sset the ssute, hii non And ladde him vpe the tour an hee, & made him hup grounde. [shot the shot.]-R. Gloucester, p. 537. What is the wisdom that is goven to him, and siche tues which ben maad by his hondes, wher this is carpenter, [a smith, ether, a carpentere, as quoted by To the sone of Marye.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 6.

What wisdome is this that is giuen vnto him: and virtues that are wrought by his handes. Is not this ye penter Maries sonne.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Whereas the tenth day I sent our pinnesse on sho be mended because she was leaky and weake, with the penter and three more to help him, the weather chance that it was Sunday before they could get aboord our sh Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p.

A firm house, though the carpenter
Perish, shall stand.

Donne. To Mr. J. O! to make boards to speak! there is a task! Painting and carpentry are the soul of masque. B. Jonson. An Expostulation with Inigo 3 CARPET, n. Dut. Karpet; It. Carp "Fr. Cairin, a Turkie carpet; such a one brought from Caire in Egypt," (Cotgrave.) ner suggests that the Italian Carpetta may be Cairo, and tapets, (q. d.) tapes Cairicus Memphiticus.

Carpets were formerly used as covers for ta See the examples from B. Jonson, and Mr. ford's notes upon them. Now applied to— A covering for the floor.