It indeed appeared a little odd to me, to see so many persons of quality of both sexes, assembled together at a kind of catter-wawling, for I cannot look upon the performance to have been any thing better, whatever the musicians themselves might think of it.-Spectator, No. 361. Your petitioner, [Job Chanticleer,] most earnestly implores your immediate protection from the insolence of the rabble, the batteries of catsticks and a painful lingering death. Tatler, No. 134. The hapless nymph with wonder saw: She stretch'd in vain to reach the prize; Gray. On the Death of a favourite Cat. CATABAPTIST. The quotation explains the word. The name Anabaptist is derived from the preposition ava, and Barrio, and signifieth a re-baptizer; or at least such an one who alloweth of, and maintaineth re-baptizing; they are called also Catuboptists, from the preposition kara, and BanTicw, signifying an abuser or prophaner of baptism. For indeed every Anabaptist is also a Catabaptist; the reiteration of that sacrament of our entrance into the church, and seal of our new birth in Christ, is a violation and depravation of that holy ordinance.-Fealty. Dippers Dipt, p. 23. CATACHRE'STICAL, adj. Fr. Catachrese, CATACHRE'STICALLY. Scatachrestique; Gr. Καταχρασθαι, (from κατα and χρασθαι,) to use against or contrary, (sc.) to its purpose; to abuse. Fr. Catachrese, "the abuse or necessary use of one word for lack of another more proper," (Cotgrave.) The first a catachresticall and far derived similitude, it [the mandrake] holds with man, that is, in a bifurcation or division of the root into two parts, which some are content to call thighs.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, p. 105. I ask you if one of them does not perpetually pay us with clenches upon words and a certain clownish kind of raillery? If now and then he does not offer at a catecresis or Clevelandism, wresting and torturing a word into another meaning. Dryden. An Essay of Dramatick Poesie. Sin never thrives, unless it be in the most catachrestical and improper way of speaking in the world. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. ii. c. 2. Where, in divers places of holy writ, the denunciation against groves is so express, it is frequently to be taken but catachrestically,-Evelyn, b. iv. s. 4. CATACLYSM. Gr. Kaтakλvoμos, diluvium, from kara, and λvše, abluere, diluere, to wash away. A deluge. The opinion that held these cataclysms and empyroses universal was such, as either held, that it put a total consummation unto things in this lower world, or, &c. Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 217. CATACOMBS, n. Fr. Catacombes; It. Catacomba; from ката and куμẞos, a hollow. See the quotation from Eustace. On the other side of Naples are the catacombs. These must have been full of stench and loathsomeness, if the dead bodies that lay in them were left to rot in open niches, as an eminent author of our own country imagines. But upon examining them I find they were each of them stopp'd up; without doubt as soon as the corps was laid in it. Addison. On Italy. Naples. There has lately been found a human tooth in a catacomb, which has engaged a couple of convents in a law suit, each of them pretending that it belonged to the jaw bone of a saint, who was of their order.-Tatler, No. 129. The catacombs are subterranean streets or galleries from four to eight feet in height, from two to five in breadth, extending to an immense and almost unknown length, and branching out into various walks. The catacombs were originally excavated in order to find that earth or sand called at present puzzolana, and supposed to form the best and most lasting cement. Such lone, unfrequented caverns, afforded a most commodious retreat to the Christians, during the persecutions of the three first centuries. In them therefore they held their assemblies, celebrated their holy mysteries, and deposited the remains of their martyred brethren. For the latter purpose they employed niches in the sides of the wall, placed there the body with a vial filled with the blood of the martyr, or perhaps with some of the instruments of his execution, and closed up the mouth of the niche with thin bricks or tiles.-Eustace. Tour through Italy, vol. ii. c. 3. CATADUPE, n. Fr. Catadupe; from Kaтa, and dovros, sonitus rei allisæ, the sound of any thing dashed, (Lennep.) Used by Homer to express the crash of falling trees. Applied to certain— Falls of the Nile; and also to those who live near them. Here and there, and ever and anon hitting upon islands, and stirred as it were with so many provocations; and at last inclosed and shut within mountaines, and in no place carrieth he [the Nile] a rougher and swifter streame, whiles the water that he beareth, hasteneth to a place of the Ethyopians, called Catadupi, where in the last fall amongst the rockes that stand in his way, he is supposed not to runne, but to rush downe with a mightie noise. Holland. Plinie, b. v. c. 9. Mem. Our ears are so well acquainted with the sound, that we never mark it. As I remember, the Egyptian Catadupes never heard the fall of Nilus, because the noise was so familiar to them.-Brewer. Lingua, Act iii. se. 7. Gr. Κατάλογος ; CATALOGUE, n. Į Lat. CATALOGUE, v. Catalogus; Fr. Catalogue; It. and Sp. Catalogo, from kata, and λeyew, to gather, to collect. To collect, (sc.) the names or descriptions, or both; to enumerate, to record them. And because the name, office and dignitie of the masters general, or great masters of Prussia could otherwise have been vtterly darke and vnknown to the greater part of readers, I haue set downe immediately before the first Prussian ambassage, pagina 144, a brief and orderly catalogue of them all.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. To the Reader. Beta the dream and Synod cites, Chapman. Homer. Iliad. Argument to b. ii. Every man is ready to give in a long catalogue of those virtues and good qualities he expects to find in the person of a friend, but very few of us are careful to cultivate them in ourselves. Spectator, No. 385. If religion is thrown into the quarrel, the most innocent acts are catalogued with sins.-Walpole. Anecd. vol. iii. c. 1. CA'TAPHRACT. It. Catapatta; Sp. Catapates; Gr. Κατάφρακτος, καταφρασσειν, from κατα, and opaore, to block up, to protect, to fortify. Undique armis munitus. Horsemen, cataphract, are well described in the quotation from Ammianus. And the men of armes [cataphracti equites] here and there entermingled on bard horses, whom the Persians use to call Calibinarii, harnessed all over with good corselets, and bard about with guards of steele; so as one would have taken them for images finely polished by the hand-worke of Praxiteles, and not for men indeed: about whom also there went thin plated hoopes, made fit and handsome for the bending of their bodies, and running all over their limmes; so that which way soever they had need to stirre and moove their joynts, the apparrell or habiliment would agree thereto, the joyning thereof was so meet, and served so well every way.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 63. Immediately Was Samson as a public servant brought, Milton. Samson Agonistes. CATAPLASM, n. Fr. Cataplasme; It. Cataplasma; Sp. Cataplasma; Gr. Karanλaσμa, from Kaтa, and Tλaooew, to form or mould. Applied (medically) To substances formed or moulded into one mass; a poultice or plaster. Hee writeth moreover that if they [turnips] be roasted or baked under the ashes and so incorporat with grease, they will make a notable good cataplasm for the gout and joynteach.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 3. I bought an vnction of a mountebanke Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iv. sc. 7. For (where he was the god of eloquence, B. Jonson. The Voyage Itself. CATAPULT. Fr. Catapulte; It. Catapulta; Sp. Catapulta; Lat. Catapulta; Gr. KUTUTEλTns, from Kaтα, and Taλew, to shake, to brandish, to hurl. An engine from which, originally, darts (tela), subsequently stones and other hard and heavy missiles, were thrown. The Syrians invented the catapult. Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56. In the rifling of the campe, the Apollonians met with catapults and balists, and other engines provided for the assault of the cittie.-Id. Livirs, p. 537. CATARACT, n. Fr. Cataracte; Sp. Cataratas; Gr. Karарактη, præruptus, ac præceps in flumine locus, (Vossius.) Karapaσσew, from katɑ. and paoσew, tundere, collidere, to beat or dash. Applied to— The dash of a waterfall; to the waterfall itself. Also applied to a disease of the eye, (quasi karapаTTWV, confounding the sight.) Nor so much hereafter shall be spoke Of that (but lately found) Guianian Oronoque, Whose cataract a noise so horrible doth keep. That it even Neptune frights.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 29. They say also that this ceremonie would be precisely ob served, that in the very place where this plant (the polium] is found, so soon as it is gathered it should be hanged presently about the neck of the partie, with a special care that it touch not the ground first, and then it is an excellant remedie for the cataract in the eye. Holland. Plinie, b. xxi. c. 20. Now this river Nilus running along by the parts of Ethiopia, having also gone through divers names, which many nations have given him, as he passeth along the earth, with a most rich exundation, commeth at length to the cataracts, that is to say certain steep and broken rocks downe which as hee falleth, he seemeth to rush rather tha to run.-Id. Ammianus, p. 211. It is an old tradition, that those that dwell near the cata racts of Nilus, are strucken deaf: but we find no suc effect, in canoniers nor millers, nor those that dwell upo bridges.-Bacon. Naturall History, s. 276. of A maid of about eighteen years of age, having by a coup cataracts, that she brought with her into the world, live absolutely blind from the moment of her birth; bein surprising spectacle of so many various objects, as pr brought to the free use of her eyes, was so ravished at th sented themselves to her unacquainted sight, that al every thing she saw transported her with such admiratio and delight, that she was in danger to loose the eyes of he mind by those of her body, and expound that mystical Ar bian proverb, which advises, to shut the window, that th house may be light.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 6. But when o'er rugged cliffs and ways unev'n crown'd. CATASTROPHE, n. Fr. Catastrophe; Catastrofe; Sp. Catastrophe; Gr. Karaorро from κатα, and σтрepew, to turn. A turning about; a revolution; generally plied to the final turn or change of events, change which produces the final event. For all mans life me seemes a tragedie, Full of sad sights and sore catastrophees; First comming to the world with weeping eye, Where all his dayes, like dolorous trophees, Are heap'd with spoyles of fortune and of feare, And he at last laid forth on balefull beare. Spenser. The Teares of the Muses. Melpon Dear friend, be silent and with patience see What this mad times' catastrophe will be. Drayton. To Mr. W. Bro At the Earl's end I was abroad, but when I came h (though little was left for writers to glean after Jud yet I spent some curiosity to search what it might be could precipitate him [the Earl of Essex] into such a gious catastrophe.-Reliquia Wottoniana, p. 180. At Abingdon he [the Prince of Orange] was surprised with the news of the strange catastrophe of affairs now at London, the King's desertion, and the disorders which the city and neighbourhood of London were fallen into. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1688. When a man with a steady faith looks back on the great tastrophe of this day, with what bleeding emotions of heart must he contemplate the life and sufferings of his deliverer!—Spectator, No. 356. CATCH, v. CATCH, R. CA'TCHER, R. CATCHPOLL. In Sw. Katsa is instrumentum Junius piscatorium, (Ihre.) says, akin to Dut. Ketsen, (to chase.) And he adds, KaTexEIV, CA'TCHWORD. (to detain, to obtain, to occupy,) borrows its tenses from the unused theme Karurye, whence every body sees (nemo non videt) the English Catch has been contracted. To catch seems to comprise the force of to stop and to hold; it implies that the thing caught is in motion, and is not merely stopt but held. To stop a ball is not to catch it; though stopped it may not be held. To hold a ball is not to catch it; the motion of it is neither expressed nor implied. To catch, (sub. in a trap or snare,) is to entrap, to ensnare. To catch hold is a familiar expression, and implies that the thing caught is to be held from moving. To catch may sometimes be supplied by-to seize, to grasp; and is sometimes used as equivalent to merely, to overtake. Also to have or use the sudden motion of one, who catches, or tries to catch any thing; to snatch, to jerk. - So muche vyss [fish] hii ssolde hym brynge That ech man wondry ssal of so gret caccheyng. R. Gloucester, p. 265. And cannesse shal cacchen hit. and clerkes shullen hit fynde. Piers Plouhman, p. 234. Retcheth thei nevere Of the cours of the case. so they catche siluer. Id. Ib. p. 75. Qukliche cam a catchepol. and craked a two here legges, And here armes after. of everiche of tho theoves. Id. Ib. p. 343. Stryce then a good stryf of feith, cacche euerlastinge lyf unto whiche thou art clepid.-Wiclif. Tymo, c. 6. For the wisdom of this world is foli anentis God; for it is writun I schal catche wise men in her fel wisdom. Id. 1 Corynth. c. 3. And whanne dai was come the magestratis senten cacchepolis and seiden, delyuere thou the men. Id. Dedis, c. 16. Salemon saith, that the wordes of a flaterer is a snare to cacches innocentes. He sayth also, he that speketh to his frend wordes of sweteness and of plesaunce, he setteth a net before his feet to racchen him. Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus. But other while whan so is, To dreme a mery sweuen er daie.--Gower. Con. A. b. iv. With that be sterte vp fro the mete, And shone the borde into the flore, And caught a sworde anone and swore That thei shulde of his hondes die.-Id. Ib. b. v. When the boy saw that hys father was dead, and that the poles began to snatch at him, he was sore dismayed, thought that he should dye to. And when one of them sed him, asking him how he beleeued, he answered, master I beleue euen as it pleaseth you. Frith. Workes, p. 57. Cal. Thou mak'st me merry; I am full of pleasure; For like as dropsie patients drink and still be drie, Guld never man work thee a worser shame, Bp. Hall. Satires, b. iv. Sat. 2. And as fields that have been long time cloide With catching weather, when their corne lies on the gavill beape, Are with a constant north wind dried, with which for comfort leape Their hearts that sow'd them. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xxi. Down fell both spear and shield, down they as fast, Designing or exhorting glorious warr, Id. Paradise Regained, b. iv. He then called to me audibly, to step at least out of the path I was in, for if I staid there any longer, I was in danger to be catched in a great net that was just hanging over me, and ready to catch me up.-Spectator, No. 524. A butterfly in one of its states is called an aurelia, which name for its sound, was chosen to distinguish the society of butterfly-catchers at Munster. Cambridge. The Scribleriad, b. vi. Note 2. It [profusion] is a hungry vice: it eats up all, Cowper. Task, b. ii. Yet more demands the critic ear Than the two catch-words in the rear Which stand like watchmen in the close To keep the verse from being prose.-Lloyd. On Rhyme. Fr. Catechiser; It. Catechizzare; Sp. Catechizar; Gr. Karηxel, sonare, insonare, from Kara, and Hxw, Echo, sonus repercussus, from Ayew, frangere, (Lennep.) CATECHISE, v. CATECHISA'TION. CA'TECHISER, n. CATECHISING, n. CA'TECHISM, n. CATECHIST. CATECHI'STICAL. CATECHI'STICALLY. CATECHETICK, adj. CATECHETICAL. CATECHU MEN. CATECHU MENIST. Catechumen, part. pass. Κατηχούμενος : one receiving oral instruction : instruction in the rudiments (of religion.) To catechise, primarily, is to sound; (sc. against the ears of those whom we wish to teach; i. e. to teach or instruct orally, to give oral instruction.) It is then applied thus 1. To teach that, which requires to be repeated again and again, to those who require to be taught again and again, to the very echo; to have their instruction sounded and resounded into their ears. 2. To teach the first elements or rudiments of any art or science, and particularly of the Christian religion. 3. To catechise, is, consequentially, to question, (as children usually are, when taught the Catechism of their religion,) to examine. That children should be carefully catechised, and confirmed by the bishops, or in their absence by such as were employed in the visitation of churches. Spotswood. History of the Church of Scotland, an. 1616. In prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the people whole communers, or in suffering them to commune under both kinds in the catechization of young chaplains in the rudiments of our faith, &c. Burnet. Records, pt. ii. b. i. No. 53. Oglethorp's Submission. Festus Hommius, amongst other things complain'd that through the negligence of the remonstrants, it came that catechising was so much decay'd; which words of his, it is thought, will be an occasion of some choler, though for the present they pass'd uncontroll'd.-Hale. Let. from Dort. Catechisings are our best preachings, and by them we shall give the best account of our charges. Bp. Taylor. On Confirmation. This book is a catechism to fight, To which [profession of faith] none (of years and knowledge) was ever admitted, who had not been sufficiently instructed by the catechist in every part of this foundation, (which to that end the catechist received from the Bishop with his short exposition of it,) and being so instructed made open confession of it, and moreover, by vow obliged himself there, to superstruct all Christian practice upon it. Hammond. Of Fundamentals, c. 2. We will therefore suppose a man of an ordinary stamp, not to have inculcated into him any principles of religion, or explicite or catechistical doctrine of a God. but to be of such a temper only (whether by nature or education, 'tis all one,) as to deem some things fit and right to be done, and others unfit and unjust. H. More. App. to Antidote against Atheism, c. 9. The question is, what is the signatum, the invisible and celestiall thing, which answers thereunto. In our catecheticall explications of this mystery, it is wont to be affirmed to be the bloud of Christ; namely, that as water washeth away the filth from the body, so the bloud of Christ cleanseth us from the guilt and polution of sin. Mede. Works, b. i. Disc. 17. To whom [Dr. Potter] among other fruits of his studies he communicated his practical catechism, which for his private use he had drawn up out of those materials which he had made use of in the catechetick institution of the youth of his parish.-Fell. Life of Hammond. It was decreed that in every parish there should be two sermons every Sunday, of which that in the afternoon was to be catecheticall.-Hale. Let. from Dort. He does the same thing in sacraments as he does in preaching: in both he declares the guilty person to be out of the way to heaven, to be obnoxious to the Divine anger, to be a debtor of repentance; and refusing to baptise an evil catechumen or to communicate an ill-living Christian, does but say the same Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, D. iii. c. 4. Hence their forenamed authors assume, that the children of the faithfull dying without baptisme, may be thought to receive the baptisme of the Spirit, as well as those catechumenists spoken of.-Bp. Morton. Cath. Appeale, p. 248. It is true, that the word karnye from whence our word catechism doth come, is used in Scripture to signifie teaching in general: but it hath since by ecclesiastical writers been appropriated to that particular way of instruction, which hath been long in use in the Christian church, and is commonly called catechising.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 52. In 1550 he [Jewell] was admitted to the reading of the sentences, and during the reign of King Edward 6. became a zealous promoter of reformation and a preacher and catechiser at Sunningwell near to Arlington in Berks. Wood. Athena Oxon. vol. i. p. 169. The principles of Christianity, briefly and catechistically taught them, is enough to save their souls. South, vol. vii. Ser. 5. CATEGORY, n. CATEGORICAL. CATEGORICALLY. Cowper. Task, b. iii. Gr. Κατηγορία, Kara, from αγειν, ducere;) αγείρειν CATEGORICALNESS. properly signifies to bring together; to collect into one. For the application of the word see the example from Watts. So again, the distribution of things unto certain tribes, which we call categories or predicaments, are but cautions against the confusion of definitions and divisions. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. ii. They appointed that of the Synod two should be chosen delegates, who should immediately go to them, in the name of the Synod warn them to lay by all other answers, and at the next sessions categorically answer, whether they would exhibit their minds concerning the points in controversy, or no.-Hale. Let. from Dort. The word of Mr. Bayes's that he has made notorious is categoricalness; and I observe that wheresoever there comes a word of that termination he shows it the same honour, as if he had a mind to make Bayes a collar of nesses. Marvell. Works, vol. ii. p. 136 In these last sections we have briefly comprised the greatest part of what is necessary in the famous ten ranks of being, called the ten predicaments, or categories of Aristotle, on which there are endless volumes of discourses formed by several of his followers. But that the reader may not utterly be ignorant of them, let him know the names are these: substance, quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, where, when, situation, and cloathing. Watts. Logic, pt. i. c. 2. s. 5. be divided again into simple and complex. A single proposition (which is also called categorical) may Id. Ib. pt. ii. c. 2. s. 5. CATENATION. Lat. Catena; Gr. Kaonua, monile descendens, Καθιημι, (κατα and ιημι,) demitto descendo. See CHAIN and CONCATENATION. A conjunction or connexion; like that of the links of a chain. There is one link and common connection, one general ligament, and necessary obligation of all whatever unto God. Which catenation or conserving union, whenever his pleasure shall divide, let go, or separate; they shall fall from their existence, essence, and operations: in brief, they must retire into their primitive nothing, and shrink into their chaos again.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 5. CATER, v. Dut. Kater. Skinner reCA'TER, n. marks that there are some who CATE, n. write Acates, (see ACHATES,) CATERER, N. and if this, he adds, can be CA'TERESS. right, I should deduce the word from the Fr. Achept, achet, or achapt, emtio, from the verb achapter, acheter, emere. Achepter, however, he derives from the Mid. Lat. Adcaptare. But in A. S. Ceapian, aceapian, is, "emere vendere, mercaturam facere, to buy and sell, to traffick, whence our cheapen," (Somner.) To cater, generally To buy or sell, to purchase or provide; to furnish or supply, food, entertainment, &c. Richely she feeds, and at the rich man's cost, Wyatt. Of the meane and sure Estate. Take that, and he that doth the rauens feede, When the toil'd cater home them to the kitchen brings, The fruits were faire, the whiche did grow The leaues were grene of euery bough, Vncertaine Auctors. A Louer accusing his Loue, &c. CATHARTICAL. Καθαίρειν, from κατα and Purifying or purging, cleansing. Scarce any elementary salt is in a small quantity cathartical-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 557. Thus Plato has called mathematical demonstrations the Some men employ their health, an ugly trick, CATHEDRATED. Supposing that they might easily winne that riche an flourishing citie, being but meanely fortified and inhabiti with citizens not accustomed to the warres, who durst no withstand their first encounter, hoping moreouer to fin many rebels against her maiestie and popish catholiques, o some fauourers of the Scottish queene, (which was not lon before most iustly beheaded) who might be instruments o sedition.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 597. Also of what prowes he was in armes, and how valiaur and good a capitayne in battayle, it may sufficiently appear to them that wyll rede his noble actes and achieuaunces i the bokes before remembred, wherein no good catholyke ma wyl any thing doubte, thoughe they be maruaylous. Sir T. Elyot. The Gouernour, b. iii. c. 2 The princes of Germanie were of two seuerall opinyon and of seuerall names, the part that fauoured the pope ar all things done by his authority were called catholicall, an the other part, which folowed and preached onely the Gosp of Christ were called euangelicall. Grafton. Hen. VIII. an. 2 It might by degrees become universal that was not so first; and therefore unless the whole present age do agre that is, unless of all that are deemed orthodox there be present consent, this broken consent is not an infallit testimony of the catholicism of the Doctrine. Bp. Taylor. Dissuasive from Popery, pt. ii. Intro Donne. Elegy by Sir L. Car Besides, that marriage is indissoluble, is not catholic true; we know it dissoluble for adultery, and for desertio A doctor's trouble, but without the fees: Circe (obseruing, that I put no hand The season hardly did afford Carew. To Saxham. The little fowls in the air have God for their provider an caterer. Shelton. Don Quixote, vol. iii. b. ii. c. 33. Impostor do not charge most innocent nature, As if she would her children should be riotous And holy dictate of spare temperance.-Milton. Comus. Yet to so ridiculous a height is this foolish custom grown, that even the Christmas pye, which in its very nature is a kind of consecrated cate, and a badge of distinction, is often forbidden to the Druid of the family.-Tatler, No. 255. It is true, that some of these rules may seem more principally to respect the steward, clerk of the kitchen, caterer, or perhaps the butler.-King. Art of Cookery. Androcles, after having sodden the flesh of it by the sun, subsisted upon it till the lion had supplied him with another. He lived many days in this frightful solitude, the lion catering for him with great assiduity. Guardian, No. 139. Hath any rival glutton got the start, Churchill. The Times. Gob. His maister and he (sauing your worship's reuerence) are scarce catercosins.-Shakes. Mer. of Venice, Act ii. sc. 2. His mother was as honest a woman as ever broke bread; she and I have been cater-cousins in our youth. Dryden. Limberham, Act iii. sc. 1. ་ CATERPILLAR. Junius writes Cartepillar, or Cartlepillar, perhaps from the Dut. Kerten, kartelen, circumtondere, quod herbas, et fruges, arrodendo circumtondeat, because they shear herbs and fruits, by eating or devouring. Dr. T. Hickes thinks it is chair peleuse, i. e. caro pilosa. Minshew and Skinner, chatte-peleuse, so called ab hirsutie istius animalis, felis simili. Under the word Cater, cates; Junius says, hence it is manifest why volvox vel convolvulus, is in English called caterpiller, because it destroys the food of man and beast, as it springs from the earth. Caterpiliers destroy the fruite, an hurtefull thing and well shyfted for, by a diligent ouerseer. Sir John Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedition. The seat; the seat of episcopal authority. There be cathedrall churches into whiche the countre It was decreed, and straitely ordred in a councel holden Her body [Mary of Scotland] was embalmed, and ordered If this reproof be private, or with the cathedrated authority Milton. Tetrachordo Thus one may judg of the catholikness, which Romanis brag of, and challenge on two accounts. Brevint. Saul & Samuel at Endor, p. 1 Before I enter upon this task, I shall by way of preface introduction say something concerning those systems whi undertake to give an account of the formation of the un verse by mechanical hypothesis of matter, mov'd eith uncertainly, or according to some catholick laws, witho the intervention and assistance of any superior immater agent.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. 1. They teach [the] spirituous parts [of salt petre] to bet grand and catholick efficient of cold. 5 Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. The 1st and largest sense of the term Catholick Chur is that which appears to be the most obvious and lite meaning of the words in the text, (Heb. xii. 23.) The gener assembly and church of the first-born which are written heaven; that is, the whole number of these who shall fina attain unto salvation.-2ndly, The Catholick or Univer Church, signifies in the next place, and indeed more f quently, the Christian Church only: the Christian Chur as distinguished from that of the Jews and patriarchs old; the Church of Christ spread universally from Saviour's days over all the world; in contradistinction the Jewish Church, which was particularly confined to nation or people.-3dly, The Catholic Church signifies v frequently, in a still more particular and restrained ser that part of the Universal Church of Christ, which in present age is now living upon earth; as distinguished fr those which have been before, and shall come after.-4t and lastly, The term Catholick Church signifies in the place, and most frequently of all, that part of the Univer Church of Christ, which in the present generation is visi upon earth, in an outward profession of the belief of Gospels, and in a visible external communion of the and sacraments.-The Church of Rome pretends hersel be This Whole Catholick Church, exclusive of all of societies of Christians.-Clarke, vol. i. Ser. 62. I never could meet with any body that pretended say what their private faith and religion might be all gipsies that I have conversed with assured me of their so catholicism.-Swinburne. Spain, Let. 29. I began to consider with myself what innumerable multi- Guardian, No. 80. CATHOLICK, n. Fr. Catholique; It. and Catholick, all, the whole, universal; less Fr. Catholizer, Cotgrave says, is to catholize it, to play the Catholick, to become a Catholick. others, capitalia; by syncope, captalia and cata whence our law term catalla, in Eng. Chat The early inhabitants of the earth, he adds, e mated their wealth from the number of t animals. Skinner derives from capita, (9. capitalia, because they belong by law ad caput, personam. Now applied to Kine, horses, and some other animals, ap priated to the use of man. thinges to alle men as it was nede to ech.-Wiclif. De His tithes paied he full fayre and wel Thignoble never liv'd, they were awhile B. Jonson. Underwood. Epithalamion. Until the transportation of cattle into England was forhidden by the late act of parliament, the quickest trade for ry money here was driven by the sale of young bullocks, which, for four or five summer-months of the year, were carted over in very great numbers; and this made all the breeders in the kingdom turn their lands and stocks chiefly to that sort of cattle. Sir W. Temple. Of Advancement of Trade in Ireland. Imitators are but a servile kind of cattle," says the poet: er at best the keepers of cattle for other men; they have nothing which is properly their own; that is a sufficiens mortification for me, while I am translating Virgil. Dryden. Parallel between Poetry and Painting. CAVALCADE. Fr. Cavalcade; It. Cavalcata, from the Lat. Caballus; Gr. Kaßuλλns, a name applied to the meaner sort of horses, from the Πυτία, Καββαλλειν, for καταβαλλειν, to throw or cast down, (Vossius.) A cavalcade is A number of persons proceeding together on borseback. Many members of the House of Commons, especially those of London, went to Oxford, accompanied or attended with the ceremonious cavalcade of a numerous train of friends. Baker. Charles II. an. 1681. Sext after these, there rode the royal wife, Thus through the southern gate they take their way, Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. lil. Quick with the word his way the hero made, And natural nonsense, neither false nor true. rides or is on horseback. quentially, to One, who has the gallant spirit, and manners of men-having the rank of horseman. See also the quotation from Clarendon. Cavalier, adj.-gallant, brave, high-spirited, haughty, disdainful. Cavalry, n.-Fr. Cavallerie, horsemanship, also horsemen, (Cotgrave.) Applied to-military companies of horsemen. It may perhaps seeme strange and incredible, that so many cavalleras should all faile in this one attempt, since in many parts of the Indies, far smaller numbers in shorter time haue performed as great matters, and subdued mighty kingdomes-Hackiuyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 691. Welcome, my little tyne theefe, and welcome indeed too; The driake to M. Bardolfe, and to all the cauileroes about London-Shakespeare. 2 Part Henry IV. Act v. sc. 3. Neverthelesse, because he would not sit still, nor be dispised for his slouth, he enforced Arberio and Agile with other captaines and officers of the cavallerie, to make haste with puissant regiments under their conduct. Holland. Ammianus, p. 181. Many good welcomes, and much gratis cheere, Kepes he for everie straggling cavaliere. Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 7. And from those contestations, the two terms of Roundend and Cavalier grew to be receiv'd in discourse, and were ferwards continued for the most succinct distinction of tions throughout the quarrel: they who were looked as servants to the king, being then called Cavaliers; and the other of the rabble contemned and despised, under the name of Round-head. Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, b. iv. I know all the sober gentry will close with you, if they may be tenderly and gently used; and I will so use them, knowing it to be the common concern, to amplifie, and not to lessen our interest, and to be careful that neither the eastiers nor phanatick party have yet a share in your civil or military power.- Baker. Monk. Speech to the House. Had he [Nedham] been constant to his cavaleering principles, he would have been beloued by and admired of all. Wood. Athena Ozon. But notwithstanding all that could be said, the confederacy for them was strong enough to carry all before them; the cavalierish party, who were very numerous, joining with them, in expectation that it might prove a good step towards the return of the former peerage. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 168. They sent away their cavalry with so much haste, and in so continued a march, that they were possessed of the path before the body the king had sent could reach it; whereby they gained their point, though their cavalry suffered much. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1694. My worthy friend Sir Roger, when we are talking of the malice of parties, very frequently tells us an accident, that happened to him when he was a school boy, which was at the time when the feuds ran high between the Round-heads and Cavalieres.-Spectator, No. 125. He [Warburton] very cavalierly tells us, that these notes were among the amusements of his younger years. Edwards. Canons of Criticism, Pref. They could tell, How their long-matchless cavalry, so oft O'er hills of slain by ardent Rupert led, Whose dreaded standard Victory had way'd, Till then triumphant, there with noblest blood From their gor'd squadrons dy'd the restive spear Of London's firm militia, and resign'd The well-disputed field.-Glover. London. CAUDAL, adj. CA'UDATE. Having a tail, or something terminating like, or otherwise resembling, a tail. Lat. Cauda, a tail. Of unknown etymology. How Jove his thunder makes, and lightning new, How with the bolt he strikes the earth below, How comate, crinite, caudate stars are fram'd, I knew, my skill with pride my heart enflam'd. Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. xiv. 8. 44. The tail is slender, of the same length as the remainder of the body to the nose, and terminates in a small caudal fin. Pennant. Zoology. The Cuvier Ray. He migte tho at is diner abbe bileued al so wel, Will the cold brooke Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Activ. sc 3. A caudle hoa! Id. Love's Labour Lost, Act iv. sc. 3. If a man laments in company, where the rest are in hu mour enough to enjoy themselves, he should not take it ill if a servant is order'd to present him with a porringer of cawdle or posset drink, by way of admonition that he go home to bed.-Spectator, No. 143. She's gone! but there's another in her stead, Warton. The Oxford Newsman's Verse for 1767. CAVE, v. Fr. Cave; It. Cava; Sp. Cueva, cava; Lat. Cavus. Varro and Festus think a (chao dictum. Chaos is properly a vast gap or opening, (vastus hiatus) from the ancient Xaew for xauve, to gape, to open, (Vossius.) Any thing hollow; a hollow place, for men, or other animals, to take shelter or refuge. Thei eriden in wildirnessis in mounteyns and dennys and cauys of the erthe.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 11. They wandered in wilderness, in mountaynes, in dennes and caues of the earth.-Bible, 1551. Ib. But or his here was clipped or yshave, Under an hille there is a caue, Gower. Con. A. b. iv. But greene wood like a garland growes, and hydes them al with shade, And in the midds a pleasaunt caue there stants of nature made, Where sits the nymphes among the springs in seats of Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos b. i. mosse and stone. They spide a little cottage, like some poore man's nest, Under a steepe hills side, it placed was, There where the mouldred earth had cav'd the bank. It may be heard at court, that such as wee Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 2. In other places there be also caves and holes of a propheticall power: by the exhalation of which, men are intoxicate, and as it were drunken, and so foretell things to come, as at Delphi, the most renowned oracle.-Holland. Plin. b. ii, c.93. The other errour may be, for that the object of sight doth strike upon the pupill of the eie, directly without any interception; whereas the cave of the eare doth hold off the sound a little from the organ; and so nevertheless there is some distance required in both.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 272. For many a field-bredd herdsman, (vnheard still,) o Hermes. The sea-nymphs that the watry caverns keep, Have sent their pearls and rubies from the deep, To deck thy love; and plac'd by thee they drew More lustre to them, than where first they grew. Wilson. Upon Donne and his Poems. The fire of an oven is a fit similitude of a fire within, as into which fire is put to heat it, and the heat made more intense by the cavity or hollowness of the place. Goodwin. Works, vol. iii. 565. p. Those that descended into the cave of Trophonius, were first to be tried by many sacrifices, whether they were fit to enter it or not, and they were to pray before an image of Daedalus's making, which none else were allowed to see, and then after other preparation they were let into that dreadful place, where they saw and heard strange things which they discovered to the priests when they came forth. Stillingfleet, vol. iii. Ser. 12. From out the rock's wide caverns deep below Hughes. The Court of Neptune. Now pass'd the rugged road, they journey'd down Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xvii. But he, [Ulysses] deep musing, o'er the mountains stray'd Upon weighing the heart in my hand, I found it to be extremely light, and consequently very hollow, which I did not wonder at, when, upon looking inside of it, I saw multitudes of cells and cavities running one within another. Spectator, No. 281. The first rude essay of nature had been so much improved by human labour, that the cave contained several apartments appropriated to different uses, and often afforded lodging for travellers, whom darkness or tempests happened to overtake.-Johnson. Rasselas, c. 21. I will teach you to pierce the bowels of the earth, and bring out from the caverns of the mountains metals which shall give strength to your hands, and security to your bodies. Id. Rambler, No. 33. Amid the fearful trance, a thund'ring sound The town and temple of Delphi were seated on a bare and cavernous rock; defended, on all sides, with precipices, instead of walls.-Warburton. Julian, b. ii. c. 6. And in thin hond thou shalt it have anon, Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7718. Finally yf you be voyde of belefe in suche thynges as are spiritual, and pertaine unto the soule, wheras ye can not thwarte and cauyll in the thinges you see dooen before your iyes, then do you plainly declare your obstinate malice. Udal. Mark, c. 2. Els hys pregnaunt wit could not haue passed it so cleane ouer, but would haue assayled it with some sophisticall equillation which by hys painted poetrie he might so haue coloured, that at the last he might make ye ignoraunt some appearance of truth.-Frith. Workes, p. 108. Indeede you almost in no place reason ad idem, which is a manifest argumente, that you are but a shifting cauiller. Whitgift. Defence, p. 429. Onlie among all, and of all Nero and Domitian being kindled by diuers naughtie and spiteful persons cauillinglie obiected against our doctrine, of whom this sicophantical slandering of us by naughtie custome first came and sprang up.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 46. But Colotes, like a sychophant, cavilling at him, and catching at his words, without regard of the matter, not arguing against his reasons indeed, but in wordes onely, affirmeth flatly, that Parmenides overthroweth all things in one word, by supposing that all is one.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 913. Inexplicable Thy Justice seems; yet to say truth, too late, I thus contest; then should have been refused To preache by halfes is to be worse Warner. Albion's England, c. 39. I might adde further for more full and complete answer, so much concerning the large oddes betweene the case of the oldest churches in regard of those heathens, and ours in respect of the Church of Rome, that very cauillation itselfe should bee satisfied, and haue no shift to flie vnto. shut up, to close, to inclose. The Latin Vulgate, To that wherein the bowels are wrapped; (see I wil mette the, as a beare that is robbed of her whelpes, and I will breake the calfe of their heart, and there wil I deuoure them like a lion.-Geneva Bible, 1561. Hosea, xiii. 8. I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and I will rent the caul of their heart, and there will I devour them like a lion.-Bible, Modern Version. A quiuer on her shoulders smale he hanges with crooked bow In steade of golden caulle, and mantel braue shulde hange below.-Phaer. Virgile. Eneidos, b. xi. For I suppose that some of you have seen towels, napkins, nets, caules, kerchiefes and coifes woven of such thread, which would not burn or consume in the fire, but when they were foul and soiled with occupying, folk flung them into the fire, and took them forth again clean and fair. Holland. Plutarch, p. 1094. After the manner of women he puts a cawle upon his head.-Prynne. Histriomastrix, pt. i. p. 197. Some of our ancient ladies of the court exercise their fingers Her head with ringlets of her hair is crown'd Dryden. Virgile. Eneis, b. vii. Why the fat is collected chiefly about some particular parts and vessels, and not others, as for example, the reins and the caul, I easily consent with Galen and others, the reason to be the cherishing and keeping warm of those parts upon which such vessels are spread; so the caul serves for the warming of the lower belly, like an apron or piece of woollen cloth.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii. It is deemed lucky to be born with a caul, or membrane over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible preservative against drowning. It is related that midwives used to sell this membrane to advocates, as an especial means of making them eloquent. According to Chrysostom, the midwives Hooker. Eccles. Politie, b. iv. § 8. frequently sold it for magic uses.-Grose. Superstitions, p. 45. That ev'n th' ignorant may understand, But still must with her own conclusions war. Daniel. Musophilus. And therefore the Apostle in Rom. i. dealing with the Gentiles, mentions none of their carnal pleas, but when he comes to the Jews in chap. ii. he spends it in taking away their cavillings.-Goodwin. Works, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 399. Those persons are said to be cavillous and unfaithful advocates, by whose fraud and iniquity, justice is destroy'd; and, therefore, they ought to be severely punish'd, as aforesaid.-Ayliffe. Parergon. Jur. Canon. p. 56. Nay, by the covenant itself, since that so cavillously is urged against us, we are enjoined in the fourth article, with all faithfulness to endeavour the bringing all such to public trial and condign punishment, as shall divide one kingdom from another.-Milton. Articles of Peace with the Irish. The first of these cavillatory objections against the parliament's proceeding is, that both houses, have without the king's consent, contrary to Magna Charta, the Petition of Right, &c. &c. by their ordinances onely imposed late taxes. Prynne. Soveraigne Power of Parlaments, pt. iv. c. 2. Since it seems they have wit and understanding enough to caril and find fault with these things, and upon that account to deny their obedience to those lawful powers which God hath set over them, one would think, they should, at the same time, have so much honesty, as seriously to endeavour to give themselves satisfaction as to those things they find fault with.-Sharp, vol. ii. A Disc. of Conscience. In the first place, it should be considered, that those cavillers at the style of the Scripture. that you and I have hitherto met with, do (for want of skill in the original especially in the Hebrew) judge of it by the translations, wherein alone they read it.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 257. "Tis I, quoth she, in every vale, First hiss'd the noisy nightingale; And boldly cavill'd at each note, That twitter'd in the woodlark's throat.-Smart, Fable 14. CAUL. Sherwood writes, Caul or Kell wherein the bowels are wrapped. Bullokar, Kell; the caule about the paunche of a hart or stagge. The Geneva Bible, Hosea, "I will break the calfe of their heart." Perhaps a misprint, as in ten other instances it is Kall or Kal, and once Calle. The Septuagint, Zvykλeiμos, from σvv, and Kλe-e, to The omentum, epiploon, or cawl, is an apron, tucked up, or doubling upon itself, at its lower part. The upper edge is tied to the bottom of the stomach, to the spleen, as hath already been observed, and to part of the duodenum. The reflected edge, also, after forming the doubling, comes up behind the front flap, and is tied to the colon and adjoining viscera.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 11. CAU'PONIZE. Lat. Caupo, a suttler, a vic tualler. To procure victuals, to provide and supply with articles of food, drink, &c. ;-to act as suttler or victualler. I call your virtues unaccountable, as I do the wealth of in this last war; who have raised our admiration, that they CAUSE, v. CAU'SALLY. CAUSA'TION. CAUSELESSNESS. Lat. Causa. Perottus, This word has puzzled the philosophers quit as much as it has the etymologists. See the ex amples following, particularly those from Locke Edwards, Hume, and Scott. To cause, as used by Spenser, is merely to er cuse or make excuses. See EXCUSE. Cause may be described to be-A general term denoting the case, the state or condition, of cir cumstances, of things, preceding, prevening, pre moving, pre-acting, to or towards, a change case, state, or condition of circumstances: a acting, moving to, effecting, producing: an agen effecting: the feeling moving the agent: the which the reason, the will, which-moves, in duces, prevails, determines: the origin or source The cause or case in law, the plaintiff's case of a person or party, is the case, the state or co cause, are terms used indiscriminately. The cau dition of things, or circumstances, in which he i or endeavours to be. For it is seyn to me withouten resoun to sende a bound Chaucer. Prologue, v. 4 But grete God above, Id. The Merchantes Tale, v. 93 And nowe (men seyen) is other wise Gower, Con. A. Prolog Her due cours to fore an other.-Id. Con. A. b. vi. Then would ye sone perceyue the common wealthes h not when other felt it who deserued it not, but when smarted who caused it, and stoode not and looked u other men's losses, which ye might pittie, but tormen with your owne, which ye would lament. Sir J. Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedi! Sidney, Psalm 2 Forced she is to teares ay to returne, Neyther doth this counsayle bind a man that he sh necessitie against the comen nature suffer another m defece of another, whom he seeth innocente and in causelesse to kyll hym, nor letteth not any manne fr and oppressed by malice.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 275 Daungerous delph, depe dungeon of disdaine, What word is that, that changeth not, Wyat. Of his Love called Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii Id. Ib. b. ii Which not withstanding I will acknowledge to be in reasonable, if he or any other man living shall shew by word or deed hath euer giuen me cause to susp vse as much as the bare familiar companie but of on conjecture him, such as here they are termed, with complaint is made that I ioyne myselfe. Hooker. Answer to T Chapman. Homer. Odyssey. |