AFF But what desirest thou of fortune, with so greate afare? (tanto strepitu.)-Chaucer. Boecius. De Consol. b. ii. No man that warreth, entangleth hym self with the affaires of this life, because he wolde please him that hathe chosen hym to be a souldier.-Geneva Bible. 2 Tim. ii. 4. And certainly I am abashed that among wise men so highe Cas. I have eyes upon him, and his affaires come to me They teach her to recede, or to debate, Find place in his dominion, or dispose AFFAIT, v. Fr. Affaicter. Cowper. Task, b. ii. Used by R. of Used by Piers In which the sterres stonden all.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii. Plouhman and Gower, in a consequent applica her perfections call me on to gaze, Then like, then love, and now would they amaze; Or was she gracious afar off, but near, A terror or is all this but my fear?-B. Jonson. Eleg. 35. For soon a whirlwind rose around, And from afar he heard a screaming sound, A of a dare distress'd, who cry'd for aid, Dryden. Theod. & Honoria. th, who can tell how hard it is to climb The steep where fame's proud temple shines afar! Beattie. Minstrel. AFFABLE, adj. AFFABLENESS. AFFABILITY. AFFABLY. Fr. Affable; It. Affabile; Sp. Afable; Lat. Affabilis, (Ad-fari, to speak.) Obvius atque expositus quibasdam affari volentibus. (Junius.) That may be spoken to, accosted, or addressed; ad, therefore, gentle, courteous, conciliating. See the quotation from the Governour. He was prudent, comely, princely, affable, ientle, and ie, be loned instice and punisshed the malefactors. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 11. fidie is of a wonderfull efficacie or power in proglue. And it is in sondry wyse, but moste proprely, *e a man is faryle or easy to be spoken vnto. It is also tion To tame, to make subservient to, to subdue. Tho the kyng hem adde afayted so, that hyi ne kepte nanmore hym mete. Gut he thogte asayty the Scottes, as he hem lete. My father ye shall well beleue AFFA'MISH, v. Į Fr. Affamer; e a man speketh courteysely with a swete speche or bernaunce, wherwith the herers (as it were with a dely-raise himself, by the affamishing of others? Neither can it cate odeur) be refreshed, and alured to loue him, in whom is the moste delectable qualytie. Elgot. The Governour, b. ii. c. 5. Say goddess, what ensued when Raphael, To those spostates-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii. not too good cheap in his sociableness: but carries so even my hand, that his discreet afableness may be free from contempt; and that he may win his people with a loving conversation.-Bp. Hall. The Christian. 5. 6. I am a gentleman of Verona, Sir, Her frity and bashfull modestie : Her Wondrous qualities and milde behaviour, Am houd to show myselfe a forward guest Beaum. & Fletch. Martial Maid, Act iii. This led him (Charles) to a grave, reserved deportment, zhich he forgot the civilities and the affability that the tara satum by loved, to which they had been long accus11-Buch. On Time, b. i. Puttrusted as he [Euphrates, the philosopher] is by Sacerity of his manners, he is no less so by his polite ut ofble address-Melmoth. Pliny, b. i. Let. 10. Fr. Afaire, Affaire, (tout ce qui AFFAIR, . à faire, Menage); Cuecare, Id.). at which is to do; to be done; a matter or ing doing, done, managed, conducted, transa settled. Afare, Chaucer, (in the original st, Skinner thinks may be Afear: it seems to em Ado. serve his turn to say, by way of excuse, that the multitude of buyers may be the cause of a dearth. Bp. Hall. Cases of Conscience, Dec. i. c. 5. [Christ was] carried into the wilderness-for the opportunity of his tyranny, for the horrour of the place, for the affamishment of his body, &c.-Id. Contemplations, b. iv. To assure, affirm, affix. Macduffe. Bleed, bleed, poor country, For goodnesse dare not check thee: wear you thy wrongs, The title is affear'd.-Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. 1.Which method of liquidating the amercement to a precise sum, was usually performed in the superior courts by the assessment or affeerment of the coroner, a sworn officer chosen by the neighbourhood.-Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 29. In the court leet and court baron it is still performed by affeerors, or suitors sworn to affeere, that is, tax and moderate the general amercement according to the particular circumstances of the offence and the offender.-Id. Ib. AFFE/AR. v. See To FEAR. Afeard, now considered a vulgarism, was anciently as common as Afraid is at present, and was variously written: A ferde, afered, afeard, aferd. It has no etymo-good-will, or benevolence; friendly regard, zealous logical connexion with Afraid, (qv.) A gret ok he wolde breide a doun, as it a smal gerde were, Chaucer. Prologue. The Sompnour. Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1521. This wif was not aferde ne affraide, Id. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,329. For of hir honde there is no dreade.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. Frend of affect, and frend of chere.-Chaucer. Rom. of R. Id. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,370. Surrey. On the Death of Sir T. W. It signifieth cryste, vnto all men desyering to vnderstand prophecies euer to sende some that will teche hi that is so minded towerdes God as was daniel affected towerds cryste & his aungel when this vision shuld be declared. Joye. Exposicion of Dariel, c. 8. The text saith that Antiochus shall consult the forsakers and travterouse transgressors of the lawe which were ye bisshopes with their affinite affectinge and prouoking antioc. to robbe and defyle the temple with images and haithen rytes.-Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 11. Be mery with the that are mery. Wepe also with them yt wepe. Be of lyke affeccyon one towardes another. Bible, 1539. Rom. c. 12. But though a man cannot haue any wille at al in that thing whereof he hath vtterlye nothing knowen nor heard tell of, nor had ymaginacion in hys mynde, nor any thyng thought vpon yet when the minde with diuers reasons and argumentes is once moued of a matter, the wille as it happeth of other occasions at the time to be well or euill affectionate, so may geue it selfe in to the consent and agreement of the tone syde or of the tother, yea & that sometyme on that syde for affection, vpo whiche syde he seeth leaste parte of hys witte and reason.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 584. Thus being affectioned towarde you, our good will was to haue dealt vnto you, not the gospel of God onely, but also our owne soules, because ye were dere vnto vs. Geneva Bible. 1 Thessal. ii. 8. The councel of Nice, as it is alleged by somme in Greeke, plainely forebiddeth vs to be basely affectioned, or bent towarde the breade, and wine, which are sette before vs. Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 281. The duke of Brabande, named Antony, a man of great polycy and wysedome, forecastyng ye great shedyng of Cristen mannys bloode, with many other inconuenyencys lykely to haue ensuyd of this variaunce atwene theyse ii dukis, made such affectuouse labour, yt with great dyffycute he pacyfyed them agayn for that tyme. Fabyan. Car. VII. an. 27. The quene put all her confydence in God, to whome both she and seynt Remigeus prayed so affectuously that the childe was restoryd vnto perfyte helth.-Id. Ib. c. 97. Incorporal it [light] cannot be, because it sometime affecteth the sight of the eye with offence. Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 1. § 7. Albeit he trusted the Englishmen well inough, yet being borne on the other side of the seas, he was affectionated to the people of those prouinces there subiect vnto him. Holinshed. Chron. The Conquest of Ireland, b. ii. c. 39. Whereof she now more glad, than sorry earst, For his exceeding courtesie that pearc't He [Pearson, bishop of Chester] was a judicious and grave preacher, more instructive than affective; and a man of a spotless life, and of an excellent temper. Burnet. Own Time, b. iv. an. 1686. It is one thing to make an idea clear, and another to make it affecting to the imagination. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful. O, friendly to the best pursuits of man, Cowper. Task. b. iii. It is not meant, that we should be affectedly forward in talking of our religion; but, whenever we are called to do so, unaffectedly own it, and stand by it.-Secker, vol. i. Ser.3. Those expectations of mine seem now so well grounded, that my disappointment, and consequently my anger, will be so much the greater if they fail; but, as things stand now, I am most affectionately and tenderly yours. Chesterfield, Let. 159. This passage carries such a lively affectingness with it that I well remember the impression which it made upon my mind, when I last read it, and nearly half a century ago.-Whitaker. On Gibbon, p. 164. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan. On the Passions, c. 1. § 1. When we remark that a person has an affectionate heart, we mean to applaud his being under the influence of the best affections, of a social and relative nature.-Id. Ib. And lion-skinn'd freethinking, safe affector of thy bravery, insults whom thou hast disarmed, ten times slays the slain, and claims to be the sole gatherer up of the spoils. Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 27. AFFEIGN. i. e. feigned; invented; falsely Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 1. ascribed. 'Tis most true, That musing meditation most affects Milton. Comus. Affectation is the greatest enemy, both of doing well, and good acceptance of what is done. Bp. Hall. Meditations, Con. 1, No. 86. There are or should be bonds of affectation, bonds of mutual respects and reciprocal duties betwixt man and wife, and these must hold firm notwithstanding any local separation. Id. Cases of Conscience, Dec. 4. c. 3. Fr. Affier; It. D'adfidare; Sp. Afianzar, (fidem dare,) to give faith. To give, place, or repose faith, trust, or credit; to trust, credit, or rely upon: the more common word now is, to confide. To bind or pledge to the faithful performance How apt parents are to make use of this lawful authority of:-particularly applied to the marriage con in matching their children for their own worldly advantage, contrary to their affections and disposition, we have too lamentable experience every day.-Id. Ib. c. 4. Then gan the Palmer thus: "Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend; In their beginning they are weake and wan, But soon, through suffrance grow to fearful end; To shew thee How infinite my love is, even my mother Shall be thy prisoner, the day you're without hazard; Beaum. & Fletch. Bonduca, Act iii. The mouse made answer; Why enquires my friend? Chapman. Homer. Batracho. Profit is therefore so much affected and pursued, because it is, or doth seem, apt to procure or promote some good desirable to us.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 2. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural.-Locke. On Education. There affectation, with a sickly mien, Pope. The Rape of the Lock, c. 4. Many that were well affected to the church, but that made conscience of subscribing to a book that they had not seen, left their benefices on that very account. Burnet. Own Time, b. ii. an. 1661. tract: to betroth. Richard ansuerd ther tille, & said, "it is foly, Wherfor he tham hight, if thei to luf wild drawe, -She is Fortune verely In whom no man should affy, She is so ful of variaunce.-Chaucer. Rom. of R. Id. p. 87. Id. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,070. She parseueryd knelynge at his feete, & sayde, that by Goddys purueyaunce she [Joan of Arc] was taught that he was hir very soueraygne prynce & none other. Wherfore ye kynge and all his lordes had in hyr ye more affyaunce, that by hyr the lande shulde be releuyd, which at that daye was in passynge mysery.-Fabian. Car. VIII. an. 1422. If it be so presumptuous a matter to put affiance in the merites of Christe, what is it then, to put affiance in our owne merites.- Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 76. All bounteous offers freely they embrace, And, to conclude, all ceremonies past, The prince affies fair Philip at the last. Drayton. Barons' Wars. Mar. As there comes light from heauen, and words fr breath, As there is sence in truth, and truth in virtue, Shakespeare. Meas. for Meas. Act v. sc. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. Trust and reliance on God is our duty and privileg Every being has a necessary dependance on him for its su sistence; but man of all the visible creatures is only capab of affiance in him.-Bates. On the Existence of God. AFFILE, v. Fr. Affiler; It. Affilare; S or AFI'LE. SAfilar. See FILE. To rub, to smoothen (by rubbing), to polish refine. For wel he wiste, whan that song was songe, Chaucer. Prol. The Pardone For whan he hath his tonge afiled AFFINED, part. Į Fr. Affinité; It. Affini AFFINITY. tus, Affinis, (Ad-finis.) See FINE. That which bounds, terminates, ends; t which surrounds or incloses within bounds: cludes, concludes. The kindred of man and wife are called Affi or said to be in affinity, because two families united by the marriage; and the one has proached ad finem—alterius cognationis. Affinity is applied generally toRelationship, alliance, connexion, resemblan similarity. For I am sure that Fryth and al his felowes, with all friendes that are of theyr affiniti, shal neither be abl quenche and put out that faith.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. Osway assemblyd his knyghtes, & made towarde h and for affynite of maryage that was atwene theyr child Oswy offeryd to hym many great offirs to thentent to had peace with hym.-Fabyan, c. 133. Jago. Now, sir, be judge yourselfe, Whether I, in any just terme, am affin'd To loue the Moore?-Shakespeare. Othello, Act i. sc. The king [Henry VI.] unto a fatal match is led And take this for a generall reule, that every conseil that is formed so strongly, that it may not be chaunged for no omdition that may betide, I say that thilke conseil is wicked. Chaucer. Tale of Melibeus. Doughter, stint thin hevinesse; Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2350. Frde enery conceipte of euery reasonable creature, otherwise wil not graunt: will in afirmatife with not willing by ne wale show accord.-Id. The Test. of Loue. To appease the multytude, the kynge toke the childe in his armys, and so bare hym into the place of the assemble of the people, and there shewed vnto theym, wt affirmaunce of gent ethes, that his entent was oonly for the wele of the Chide and for defence of his countre.-Fabyan, c. 186. And for a more vehement afgrmacyon he doubleth his owne wurdes sayenge, he that here hath not receyued forrenesse of his synnes, he shall not be there, he shall not sareve be there: he meaneth that he shall neuer come to bee, which here hath not his remission. Iman Fryth. An Answere ento my Lorde of Rochestre, k. 2. Yet is it not even so, so fieble as his owne, where he arth in the negatine, as I lay the sample for thaffyrdise.—Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1131. Believing it the word of God, he must of necessity believe htre, and if he believe it true, he must believe it contains saecessary direction to eternal happiness, because it cfirms it self to do so.—Chillingworth. Relig. of Protestants. These attributes and conceptions that were applicable and Srmatie of him when present, are now affirmable and 4pcable to him though past.-Hale. Orig. of Mank. p.104. The common opinion of the Oestridge, struthiocamelus or Sparrow camel, Conceives that it digesteth iron, and this is Carmed by the afrmations of many. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 22. The role, as it is prescribed in the gospel, is affirmative and preceptive: **Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so." But this afirmative precept implies thegative, that so much celebrated rule of righteousness and justice: That which ye would not that men should do to yus, de ye not to them."-Hale. Contemp. Matt. vii, 12. They tell you, it is as gross a paradox to hold there are no spots, and that the negative is now as absurd as the faite seemed at first.-Howell, b. iii. Let. 9. The reason of man hath not such restraint; concluding not only fractively but negatively; not onely affirming fers no magnitude beyond the last heavens, but also denying there is any vacuity within them. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 7. 4 our firmations are only in concrete, which is the firma, net one abstract idea to be another, but one abstract idea to be joined to another. Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 8. An «firmative proposition is when the idea of the predirate is supposed to agree to the idea of the subject, and is Jened to by the word is, or are, which is the copula; as, All men are sinners.-Watts. Logick, pt.ii. s. 2. 1 If me writer shall frm that virtue added to faith is suficient to make a christian, and another shall as zealously deny this proposition, they seem to differ widely in words, and yet perhaps they may both really agree in sentiment: If by the word vinse the armer intends our whole duty to God and man; and the denier by the word virtue means els courage, or at mest our duty toward our neighbour, bout including in the idea of it the duty which we owe to God-Id. I. ptic 6. I do not mean to arm generally that reason is not a julge in matters of religion; but I do maintain, that there certain points concerning the nature of the Deity, and the schemes of Providence, upon which reason is dumb and vation is explicit.-Horaley, vol. i. Ser. 1. The magna charts of King John was connected with anher positive charter from Henry I., and both the one and the other were nothing more than a re-affirmance of the still are accient standing law of the kingdom. Burke. On the French Revolution. In which tract of 70 years time, the vulgar sort of Jews We see two sorts of white butterflies fastening their eggs In my possession is a remarkable piece, which so many AFFLICT, v. Fr. Affliger; It. Affliggere; Sp. Afligir; Lat. Afflictum, past part. of Affligere, (Adfligere,) to dash against. See CONFLICT. To strike against with violence; to break, to shatter; and, consequentially, to pain; to distress; to cause sorrow or calamity; to grieve greatly. Abbay & priorie, & other religions, For vs salle pray & crie in ther afflictions. R. Brunne, p. 202. Shed thy faire beames into my feeble eyne, A/FFLUENCE, n. A'FFLUENT. Fr. Affluence; It. Affluenza; Sp. Afluencia; Lat. Affluentia, Affluens, pres. part. of Affluere, (Ad-fluere,) to flow to. Applied metaphorically, to Wealth, riches, or opulence, flowing with the fulness of a flood; in abundance. They were both [Buckingham and Essex] of sweet and accostable nature, almost equally delighting in the press and affluence of dependants and suiters. Wotton. Reliquiæ. A Parallel. I shall not need to relate the affluence of young nobles, and others, from hence into Spain, after the voice of our prince; his being there had been quickly noised, and at length believed.-Id. Ib. Life of Buckingham. External or worldly prosperity, consists in an accommodate condition of man in this world, as health of body, comfort of friends and relations, affluence, or at least competency of wealth, power, honour, applause, good report, and the like.-Hale. Contemp. vol. i. Victory of Faith. [Pleurisy is] an inflammation, either simple, consisting only of an hot and sanguineous affluxion; or else denominable from other humours according to the predominancy of melancholy, flegm, or choler.-Brown. Vulg. Err. b. iii. c.3. I see thee, Lord and end of my desire, Prior. Henry & Emma. This country is so highly indebted to Sir Edward Hawke, that no expence should be spared to secure to him an honourable and affluent retreat.-Junius, Let. 1. Our writers of rising merit are generally neglected, while the few of an established reputation are overpaid by luxurious affluence.-Goldsmith. On Polite Learning. AFFORD. No satisfactory etymology has been given of this word. It is perhaps formed upon Affeered, the past part. of Affeer, (qv.) to appraise, to set, or fix, a price, a value; and then applied, consequentially To prize, to value, to estimate; to rate; sc. as the price of sale, for which any thing may be Spenser. Introd. to Faerie Queene. sold; vended, set out for sale, brought forth, produced, yielded. And hence generally Thou art deceived, if thou thinkest God delights in the Bp. Hall. Balm of Gilead, c, 2. s. 6. Enough, enough, and dye -Shakes. Lear, Act iv. sc. 6. If he be compassionate towards the afflictions of others, it shews that his heart is like the noble tree that is wounded itself when it gives the balm.-Bacon. Ess. On Goodness. He that cures his sin by any instruments, by external, or interiour and spiritual remedies, is penitent, though his dyet be not ascetick, and afflictive, or his lodging hard, or his sorrow bursting out into tears, or his expressions passionate and dolorous.-Taylor. Gt. Exemp. pt. ii. § 11. The fallen angels, having acted their first part in heaven, are made sharply miserable by transition, and more afflictively feel the contrary state of hell.-Brown. Christ.Mor.x.2. The evils in this life afflict men more or less according as the soul is fortified with considerations proper to support us under them.-Tillotson. Works, vol. i. Ser. 8. It is implied, and intended to be inferred, that there are many just and good, wise and useful ends; upon account kind; and the consideration therefore of which, (so far as From evil, that is, principally, from sin or evil moral and Fair Fancy wept, and echoing sighs confess'd To bring forth, to produce, to yield, to supply: Shakespeare. All's Well that Ends Well, Act iv. Spanish Tragedy, Act v. No, no, Hieronimo, thou must enjoin She bad, Be silent now; and not a word. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xv. Id. Ib. b. xvii. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. Addison. English Poets. The quiet lanes of Surry, leading to no great mart, or general rendezvous, afford calmer retreats on every side, than can easily be found in the neighbourhood of so great a town.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. AFFOREST, v. Į AFFORESTATION. Lat. Afforestare, to convert into Forest, (qv.) All forests which King Henry our grandfather afforested and made, shall be viewed by good and lawful men, and if he haue made forest of any other wood more than his owne demesne, whereby the owner of the wood hath hurt, we wil that forthwith it be disafforested. Rudall. Charter de Foresta, c. 1. The charter de foresta was to reform the encroachments made in the time of Richard I. and Hen. II., who had made new afforestations, and much extended the rigour of the Forest Law.-Hale. Hist. of Common Law. AFFRAP, v. Of the origin of the French, Frapper, It. Affrapare, to strike, Menage acknowledges his ignorance. The A. S. Fræpgian is explained by Lye to mean Accusare. Frape is used by R. Brunne, p. 323. Faine, Sir, I let you weet, that from the howre I taken was from nurses tender press, I have been trained up in warlike stowre, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 2. He gan t'encounter him in equal race. AFFRAY, v. AFFRAY, n. AFFRA'ID. Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 1. Fr. Effrayer. Etymologists have not settled the origin of this word. The old English word, to fray; to rub, to ruffle; supplies a meaning which appears sufficiently to account for all the usages of the verb and noun, Affray, and of the adjective Affraid also. See EFFRAY and FRAY. To put out of order, to scare, to disorder, to confuse, or confound, to disturb, to harass, to contest, to combat. And, consequentially— To alarm, to terrify, to raise apprehensions of danger. The stones were of Rynes, the noyse dredfulle & grete, Fro morn tille euentide, ther of had many affray. Be not youre herte afrayed, ne drede it: ye bileuen in God, and bileeue ye in me.-Wiclif. Jon. c. 14. In heart I haue had so great paine, So great annoy and such affray, That I ne wote what I shall say.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. This wif was not aferde ne affraide, Id. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,330. Me met thus in my bed al naked, I was out of my swowne affraide, Wherof I sigh my wittes straide, And gan to clepe hem home ageyne. Chaucer. Dreame. Gower. Con. A. b. viii. God so affrayde me wt so terrible a dreame, that all things beganne to be to me suspecte, ferefull, unsauory, and redye to fall fro me.-Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 4. As when a griffon seized of his prey, This improbable experiment we have likewise tried by affrictions of such slender irons upon the pole of a naked terella, and we found it to succeed there likewise. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 340. AFFRIEND, v. See FRIEND. To become friends. Where when she saw that cruel war so ended, AFFRIGHT, v. AFFRIGHTER. Where the modern version of the Scriptures uses affright, Tindale uses, in some instances, fear; in others, affray. Affright, n. is not of common occurrence in the elder writers. AFFRIGHTMENT. To feel, to cause the feeling of dread, fear or terror; to terrify. -His helm was fulle of myre, Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,901. By night affrighted in his fearful dreams, one who means to oppose the progress of another; or to offer disrespect, insult, contempt; and, consequentially To offend by disrespect; to insult. For ich ne wiste wher to ete. ne in what place In this meane whyle king Philip and the French king with two most puyssaunt armies affronted eche other neere vnto the water of Some, eyther of them being obstinately bent to driue the other out of the fielde, for which cause they entrenched their campes.-Grafton. Q. Mary, an. 6. He highly leapt out of his place of rest, And rushing forth into the empty field, Against Cambello fiercely him addrest: Who him affronting, soone to fight was ready prest. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 3 Skilfull captaines, in arraunging of their battailes, plac first in the vantguard thicke and strong squadrons to affron the enemie, then light armed souldiors, afterwards th archers and darters, and last of all in the rereward the com panies of succours.-Holland. Ammianus Marcel. b. xiv. Yea often plac'd Within his sanctuary itself, their shrines, His holy rites, and solemn feasts profan'd, I neer attempted aught against thy life, If thy brother or thy neighbour have offered thee injury or an affront, forgive him.-Chillingworth, Ser. 3. The movings of nature, in the breasts of all mankind us, how keenly, how regretfully, every man resents abuse of his love; how hardly any prince, but one, can up an offence against his acts of mercy; and how mu more affrontive it is to despise mercy ruling by the gol sceptre of pardon, than by the iron rod of penal law. South, vol. ix. Ser I first affused water on the compressed beans, till the Drayton. Barons' Wars. seemed wholly full.-Boyle. Works, vol. iv. p. 568. The day upon the host affrightedly doth look, Id. Baron's Wars. The clergy, whose office is like watchmen to give an alarm at every approach of sin, with as much affrightment as if an enemy were near, or the sea broke in upon the flat country. Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 3. I have known a soldier that has entered a breach affrighted Ev'n those who dwell beneath its very zone, Pope. Ess. on Man. Ep. 2. That should not be made a prejudice against Christianity, and revealed religion; nor lookt upon as such an affrightful Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5. bugbear or mormo in it.-Cudworth. Intellect. System, Pref. -Nought could she say, But suddaine catching hold, did her dismay Gan shut the dore.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 3. Deci. If Cæsar hide himselfe, shall they not whisper Loe Cæsar is afraide ?—Shakespeare. Julius Cæsar, Act ii. A goddess arm'd Out of thy head I sprung. Amazement seiz'd Pope. Pro. to Satires. Fortune doth not further its [virtue's] acquists, but casteth in rubs and hinderances thereto, every condition presenting its allurements, or its affrightments from it. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 18. Daughter of Jove! relentless power! Thou tamer of the human breast! Whose iron scourge, and torturing hour, The bad affright, afflict the best.-Gray. Adversity. He sees the wide extended desart lie before him; what is past only increases his terror of what is to come. His course is not half finished, he looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair.-Goldsmith. On Polite Learning. AFFRONT, v. Į Fr. Affronter; It. AffronAFFRONT, n. tare; Sp. Afrontar; Lat. Ad-frontem. See AFRONT, CONFRONT, &c. To stand front to front; as hostile armies; as By continuing the affusion, you may bring the liquo a kind of crimson, and afterwards to a dark and opa redness, somewhat like that of clotted blood. Id. vol. i. p. When I travell'd in Italy, and the southern parts, sometimes frequent the publiq bathes (as the manne but seldome without peril of my life, 'till I us'd this f affusion, or rather profusion of cold water, before I pu my garments, or durst expose my selfe to the ayre. Evelyn. Memoirs. Let. to Dr. Beale, v God anointed him [Christ] not with an external aff of material oil (as neither were the patriarchs, nor Cyrus, who are yet called the Christs of God) that was a ritual and symbolical business; but with a real inf of divine grace and power.-Barrow. Works, vol. ii. Se AFIELD. In or into the field. Tho was peers ful proude. and putte hem al to werk Together both; ere the high lawns appear'd I early rose, just at the break of day, AFINE, or FINE. See FINE, adj. For no man at the first stroke Chaucer. Rom. c See The flight of courage; of fortitude, of presence of mind upon the appearance of danger. FLIGHT. [pon this warde hir herte aflight Thynkende what was best to doone.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii. And yet were they all in case safelye to escape: wheras Juda (a thother syde which nothing feared at all, but tooke aspora parasure to see them so afyghted, lost hys lyfe for ent and that in fewe howres after. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1889. AFLOAT. On float. Sovet alle on flote, God gif tham grace to spede. R. Brunne, p. 169. When Minos his navy was once afloat, navigators had the a more free: for he expelled the malefactors out of the de and in the most of them, planted colonies of his -Hibes. Thucydides, b. i. With which words of King Lewis, the young King Henry wu let fast, and from that time forward, stuck not openly oppose his father.-Baker. Chronicle, an. 1170. Others you I we, when all the town's afloat, Or double-bottom'd frieze; their guarded feet AFOOT. On foot. It is applied, consequentiny, to that which is in motion or in action. And thri sayen hem go awey and manye knewen and the weten a fasta fro al citees and runnen thidir and carten titre him-Wielif. Mark, c. 6. And the people spyed the when they departed; & many kreve by, & mate a fate thyther out of all cytyes, ad cam thyther before the-Bible, 1539. Ib. I see you stand Eke grey-hounds in the slips, Fellow your spirit; and upon this charge, Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 1. The king Hamide] himselfe stoode afoote by the standtrue, and his brethren Girthe and Leofwine with him, to the ente that in such a common perill and ieopardy, no Lo should once thinke to flie or run away. Stow. Chronicle, an. 1000. It AFORE, ed. Written by Chaucer, Aforen, Arde, prep. Aforne. On the fore part. is mach used in composition; but without effecting any change of usage in the component words. Ne Four) It is applied toPrecedence in order of time; in order of place; metaphorically, to the desires and pursuits the mind. !meste this, that trespace hight Gy draw him to the window nie the strete I pader house, that stant aforyene vs.-Id. Troil. b. ii. If he woke a while abide The wolde him amende, afore token he sende, Ask dat was in his slepe by night.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. This prisoner afore the kynge Was brought: and therupon this thynge In audience he was accused.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii. He, back returning by the yuorie dore, Remounted up as light as cheerfull larke, And on his little winges the dreame he bore In haste unto his lord, where he him left afore. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1. Those who have gone afore me in that argument have made so copious a harvest, that the issue of my gatherings must needs have been but small.-Hales. Gold. Rem. Ser.1. While Rodmond, fearful of some neighbouring shore, Cries ever and anon, "Look out afore !"-Falconer. Shipw. AFRE'SH. In fresh. See FRESH. Wherefore let vs make our prayer [that we] may through our owne repentaunce and his mercye, be renued afreshe to attayne his endlesse glory.—Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1390. The faction still defying Edward's might, Edmond of Woodstock, with the men of Kent, Charging afresh, renew the doubtful fight Upon the barons languishing and spent. Drayton. Barons' Wars. No more thy soothing voice my anguish chears, AFRONT. In front. See AFFRONT. That day, as fortune was, Euander king, in solemne guise, His patron feast did keepe, with honors great to Gods in skies. But vnto Hercules most chiefe, in greene-wood groue upstald Afront the towne.-Phaer. Eneidos, b. viii. Ne Turnus sluggish sloth doth stay, but fierce with speed he bends Gainst Troians all his power, and on the shore afront them tends.-Id. Ib. b. X. After, is applied to Succession, or subsequence, or consequence, in order of time; in order of place: and, metaphorically, to the desires and pursuits of the mind. In the vyf hondred ger of Grace Seynt Austyn hyder com And four score ger and tuo, to prechy Cristendom. And aboute an hondred ger yt was, and fyfty al so, After that Saxons and Englysse verst come thys lond to. R. Gloucester, p. 230. This emperour August was of so gret fame, That, for Juli the emperour, (that bi fore hym was er) Hadde aftur hym y clepud a moneth in the ger, The nexte moneth afturward, that heruest moneth ys, He let clepe aftur hym August y wys.-Id. p. 61. Help thi kynne Crist bit. [bid] for ther by gynneth charite And afterwarde awhaite, hoo hath moost neede And ther help yf thou hast.-Piers Plouhman, p. 288. Therfore kepe ye and do ye alle thingis, whatever thingis, thei seyen to you: but nyle ye do aftir hir werkis; for thei seien and do not.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 23. All therfore whatsoeuer they bid you obserue, that obserue and do but do not ye after their workes: for they saye, and do not.-Bible, 1539. Matt. c. 23. And saw the fox toward the wode is gon Chaucer. Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,388. Imo. Thou should's have made him As little as a crow, or lesse, ere left To after-eye him.-Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act i. sc. 4. To after-age thou shalt be writ the man That with smooth air could'st humour well our tongue. Millon, Son. 13. The men that formed the Royal Society in London, were, Sir Robert Murray, the Lord Brounker, a profound mathematician; and Dr. Ward, soon after promoted to Exeter, and afterwards removed to Salisbury. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1662. Is it a new thing for a scholar to make such a progress in learning, as to be able afterward to teach the master, from whom he received his first rudiments? Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 3. When o'er the ship, in undulation vast,. A giant surge, down rushes from on high, And fore and aft, the severed ruins lie.-Falconer. Shipw. In after ages it [Carlisle] had its share successively in the history of Saxons, Danes, and Scots; and during the revolutions of these several nations, was the scene of every vicissitude of war.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. AGAIN, ad. AGA'INST. AGAINWARD. AGA'INSAY. Variously written Agen, Agens, Ayen, Ayenst, Agane, &c. In Dutch, the verb Jegenen, means to meet, to oppose, to rencontre. The collateral A. S. verb,-from which the adverb Against, in A. S. Ongegen, appears to be lost, (v. Tooke, i. 423.) Again; turn again, i. e. turn to meet; to oppose; to withstand; to return. Do this again; i. e. to meet, a new demand, a new emergency; to act, and continue to act in return; to persist in meeting, or opposing; and hence the application to frequent repetitions. Wiclif uses, Aghen-buying, i. e. redemption; Aghen-rising, i. e. resurrection; Aghen-stand, i. e. resist; Aghen-say, i. e. contradict. Dryden writes Agen, or Again, to suit his rhyme. Toward hys fon with hem alle with god herte he drow, He gedere ys ost anon Haldayn of Doncastre was chosen that ilk day, Ye schul be blessid whanne men schul curse you, and schul pursue you; and schul seye al yvel agens you liynge for me.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 5. but agenward blessynge.-Id. 1 Peter, c. 3. Not yeldinge yuel for yuel, neither cursyng for cursyng, For I schal gyue to you mouth and wisdom to whiche all youre aduersaries schulen not mowe agenstonde and agenseye.-Id. Luke, c. 21. We hopeden, that he should have agen-bought Israel. And he was bifore ordeyned the Sone of God in vertu, by the Spirit of halowing of the agen-risyng of deede men. Id. Rom. c. 1 And therfore is I come, and eke Alein And Tullius sayth, that no sorwe, ne no drede of deth, ne nothing that may fall unto a man, is so muchel ageins nature, as a man to encrese his owen profite, to harme of another man.-Id. Tale of Melibeus. And Custance han they taken anon fote-hot, Id. Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4861. All that day she out-wore in wondering, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 12 O father, what intends thy hand, she cried, |