No small delight the shepheards toke to see
A coombe so dight in Flora's livery,
Where faire Feronia honour'd in the woods,
And all the deities that haunt the floods,
With powerful nature strove to frame a plot,
Whose like the sweet Arcadia yielded not.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 2.
Fr. Combat, combattre ;
It. Combattere; from con,
and batuere, (says Skinner,)
to fight, to strike; and ba-
tuere, from A. S. Batte,
fustis, (Spelman.) Of this,
the A. S. Beat-an, to beat,
See BATTLE.

COMBAT, v. CO'MBAT, n. COMBATANT, n. COMBATANT, adj. COMBATER. COMBATERIE. CO'MBACY. supplies the root.

To fight, to battle; to be or cause to be in fight or battle; to engage in battle, to strive, to struggle with or against, to contend, or contest, to conflict.

There came an holy man, termed Haucoir-Hamshe, a kinseman to one of the sophies, who mounted the sayd hill, and combating with the sayd giant, did binde not onely him in chaines but also his woman called Lamis-ache, with his son named After.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 347

Then darts we gan to sling

in wide and weightless skies, And then the fiercest fight of all and combat did arise.

Turberville. The Louer to Cupid for Mercie. In the which combatterie were taken two nobles of France. Strype. Records, No. 11. Pace to the Emperor. What had I

To oppose against such powerful arguments?
Only my love of thee held long debate;
And combated in silence all these reasons
With hard contest.-Milton. Samson Agonistes.

(O sacred Muse) my hauty thoughts inspire
And make a trumpet of my slender quill
To thunder out this furious combat shrill.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. vi. s. 39.

And valient Essex this bold challenge sent,
As combatant in his great soueraigne's name,
To know, who durst of noble borne descent,
Stand forth amongst the rest to fight for fame.

Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 846.

It may be too, i' the ordinance of nature,
Their valours are not yet so combatant,
Or truly antagonistick, as to fight.

B. Jonson. The Magnetick Lady, Act iii. sc. 5. And the Sicambri (which are now the people of Geldria) seem rightly in their owne German language to have been Sighcampers, that is, combatters or fighters for victory, for that sigh, in the ancient Teutonicke, is victory, and a camper, a combater.-Vestegan. Restitution, &c. p. 14. This sayd, the kings did marke and make

A profit of the same,

And did conclude by combacy

To winne or loose the game.

Warner. Albion's England, b. iv. c. 22.

Or if combattensie not please,
The land is rich and large,
And they copernicers may live,

And vs of death discharge.-Id. Ib.

God himself (as I may so speak) undertook the quarrell and fought his battles, and that brought him [Paul] off not only safe, but triumphant, which surely was as much more honourable than to have the combat ended by parting the combatants, as it is for a generous and brave enemy to have his quarrel decided by the verdict of a victorious sword, than took up and compromised by the mean expedients of reference and arbitration.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 8.

Plato, combating the atheistical objections about the origin of evil, employs this argument in defence of Providence; "That amongst an infinite number of possible worlds in God's idea, this which he hath created, and brought into being, and admits of a mixture of evil is the best."

Warburton. Pope. Essay on Man.

The tide of nature returning strongly on both, the father in his turn embraced his son, and bathed him with his tears; whilst the combatants on either side, astonished at so unusual a spectacle, suspended the fight, applauded this striking act of filial piety and paternal tenderness, and pressed that it might become the prelude of a lasting peace.

Burke. An Abridg. of Eng. Hist. an. 1083.

And ge that hothr wolde,

Is cause of all combraunce. Piers Ploukman, p. 85.

Why ne haddest thou my father king of Troy
Biraft the life, or done my brethren die
Or slain myself, that thus complaine and crie,
I combre world, that may of nothing serue
But euer die, and neuer fully sterue.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. iv. But and if these humane lawes loke to destroye the Crysten lybertie, to combre mes consciences and to oppresse the glory of Cryste.-Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 6.

For if thou were not brought sometime into combraunce whence God onely could deliuer thee, thou shouldst neuer see thy fayth.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 117.

But this, after he was admytted, was so proude & so combrous, yt he rulyd all by wyll & nothyng by ryght or goodlye ordre of reason or conscience.-Fabyan. Caroli VI. an. 14.

Wherefore they were afrayed lest his innocet blode wold be auenged and required at their handis, & therfore to be defended, they (as now do all siche lyke combrouse conscienced clerkis and bisshopes) be setting vp of these their baners and images of the emprours and kinges contend and siewe to gette their fauour, but all was in vayne.

Joye. Exposicion of Daniel c. 9.

Which Arthegal perceuing, strooke no more, But losing soone his shield, did it foregoe, And whiles he combred was therewith so sore, He gan at him let driue more fiercely then afore. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 12. Howbeit some seeking out the troth more eagerly, did cumber sore and trouble the Patricians, accusing them, that they abused the common poople with vain and fond perswasions, whilst themselves in the mean time had murdered the king with their own hands.-North. Plutarch, p. 29.

I pray then let me only by this bearer know it, that I may provide you some fit lodgings at a good distance from Whitehall, for the preservation of blessed liberty, and avoidance of the cumber of kindness; which in troth (as we have privately discoursed) is no small one.-Reliq. Wotton. p. 429.

For if my lord of Suffolk should remove from the king's privacy to a place of much distraction and cumber, without leaving a friend in his room, he might peradventure take cold at his back.-Id. p. 437.

A cumber-world yet in the world am left,
A fruitless plot with brambles overgrown:
Of all those joys that pleas'd my youth bereft,

And now too late my forly but bemoan.-Drayton, Ecl. 2. There is no facilitie or wealth in this mortall world so perfite, which is not darkened with some cloude of combrance and aduersitie.-Grafton. Hen. II. an. 33.

For this great bus'ness eas'ly setting out,
By due proportion measuring ev'ry pace,
T' avoid the cumbrance of each hindering doubt.
Drayton. The Barons' Wars.
And as they stand in desp'rate comberment,
Environ'd round with horrour, blood and shame;
Cross'd of their course, dispairing of th' event,
A pardon (that smooth bait for baseness) came.
Daniel. Civil Wars, b. vi.
Looke as a well-growne stately headed bucke,
But lately by the woodman's arrow strucke,
Runs gadding o'er the lawnes, or nimbly strayes
Among the combrous brakes a thousand wayes.
Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. v. s. 4.

Then Corin up doth take
The giant 'twixt the grains; and voiding of his hold,
(Before his cumberous feet he well recover could)
Pitch'd headlong from the hill.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s.1.

The working about the frames called Vineæ, and the raising of mounts (considering other urgent occasions) was most laborious, painfull and combersome. Holland. Ammianus, p. 245.

The worde of God is a two-edged sword: as for the weapons of naturall reason, they are as the armour of Saul, rather cumbersome about the souldier of Christ then needful. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. iii. s. 8.

And yet by the knowledge of the double progression, beginning from the unit as 1, 2, 4, 8, a great deal of cumber, and sometimes of charge may be saved.

Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 428.

Whereas humane art acts upon the matter from without

cumbersomely and moliminously, with tumult and hurliburly; Nature acting upon it more commandingly, doth its work easily, cleaverly, and silently.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 179.

This it is to soar above the rest of mankind; and this representation I lay before you, that I may be informed how to divest myself of the laurels which are so cumbersome to the wearer, and descend to the enjoyment of that quiet, from which I find a writer of the first class so fatally debarred.-Rambler, No. 17.

I am afraid that whether married or unmarried, we shall find the vesture of terrestrial existence more heavy and cumbrous, the longer it is worn.-Id. No. 45.

COMBINE, v. COMBINABLE. COMBINATE, adj. COMBINATION. sius, de Vitiis, iv. 4.) (See Martin.) "Combinage," Cotgrave says, "is a coupling, uniting, or joining of pairs."

Fr. Combiner; It. Combinare; Sp. Combinar; Lat. Combinare, barbarum pro jungere, connectere, (Vos"Bina jumenta jungere,"

To combine, then, was to join, unite, connect, or fasten two together, as we now use the word to couple. It is now applied, generally,—

To join, to connect, to counite, to coalesce.

Adew myne owne dere spouse my worthy lorde
The faithful loue, that dyd vs both combyne,
In mariage and peasable concorde,
Into your handes here I cleane resyne,
To be bestowed vpon your children and myne.
Sir T. More. A ruful Lamentation.

Old duke Cedicus (men say) whan he furst did combyne

In absence freendly league with Remulus of Tyburt coast: He sent that present then, for he of wealth had ryches Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. ix.

moast.

We must our patience exercise, and worke, ourselves with
them,
Jove in our births combin'd such care, to eithers diadem.
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. x.

Let us not then suspect our happy state
Left so imperfect by the Maker wise
As not secure to single or combin'd:
Frail is our happiness, if this be so.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. There she lost a noble and renowned brother, in his loue toward her, euer most kind and naturall: with him the portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry: with both her combynate-husband, this well-seeming Angelo.

Shakespeare. Meas. for Meas. Act iii. sc. 1. The impediments were, First the negligence of the pastors; secondly combinations, that is, double benefices, when men having two cures could not sufficiently attend both.

Hales. Let. from Dort. These two fair isles distinct in their creation, Yet one extracted from the other's side, Are oft made one by love's firm combination.

P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 3. Ordain we then two sorrows to combine, And in one point th' extremes of grief to join ; That thence resulting joy may be renew'd, As jarring notes in harmony conclude.

Dryden. Palamon & Areile. Since to your uncompounded atoms you Figures in number infinite allow, From which by various combination, springs This unconfined diversity of things; Are not, in this, design and counsel clear?

Blackmore. The Creation, b. iv Few painters have obliged us with finer scenes, or hav possessed the art of combining woods, lakes, and rocks, int more agreeable pictures, than G. Poussin. Hurd. On Horace. Art of Poetry, Pleasures are very combinable both with business an study. Chesterfield.

Can I doubt, that he who had the courage to withstand combination of the most powerful men in Rome, who b conspired my ruin, will not be able to beat down the envio and malignant efforts of a little contemptible party, th may endeavour to oppose my honours.

COMBURGER.) COMBURGERSHIP.

Melmoth. Cicero, b. ii. Let. A fellow burgher. S

BURGH.

Faith hath alwai good hope & charitie with it, and cannot but worke well, no more than the fire can be wt out heate and light and burne al combustible thinges that it may touch and tary with.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 264.

Guíanerius had a patient could make Latin verses when the moon was combust, otherwise illiterate.

Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 192.

It [love] shall be cause of war, and dire events,
And set dissention 'twixt the son and sire;
Subject and servile to all discontents,
As dry combustious matter is to fire.

Shakespeare. Venus & Adonis.

All those other smaller fires, which are lodg'd in several parts of the lower regions joyning themselves with this mighty flame, shall prey upon whatever is combustible, and so rage first within the bowels of the earth, beginning the tragick execution upon those damned spirits that are there confined.-Glanvill. Pre-existence of Souls, c. 14.

For knowing his comers.-Piers Plouhman, p. 36.

But wite ye this, that if the housebondeman wiste in what our the theef were to come, certis he wolde wake and suffre not his hous to be undermyned.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 24.

Of this be sure, that yf the good man of ye house knewe what houre the thefe would come, he would surely watche, and not suffre his house to be broken vp.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

I comaunde to thee before God that quickeneth alle thyngis & bifore Crist Jesu that gheldide a witnessyng undir Pilat of Pounce a good confessioun that thou kepe the comaundement without wemme without repreef into the comyng of oure Lord Jesu Crist whom the blessid and aloone myghti Kyng of Kyngis and Lord of Lordis schal schew in hise tymes.-Wiclif. 1 Tim. c. 6.

I giue the charge in ye sight of God, whych quyckeneth all thynges, & before Jesu Christ, which vnder Pocius Pilate wytnissed a good wytnessyng that thou kepe the commaundmente, and be wythout spot & vnrebukeable, vntyl the ap

Digby. Of Bodies, c. 19. For noble descriptions there are hereof in the Grecian funerall of Homer. In the formal obsequies of Patroclus, and Achilles; and somewhat elder in the Theban war, and semn combustion of Meneceus, and Archemorus, contempotary unto Jair the eighth judge of Israel.

Brown. Urne Burial, c. 1.

They burnt not children before their teeth appeared, as apprehending their bodies too tender a morsell for fire, and that their gristly bones would scarce leave separable relicks after the pyral combustion.-Id. Ib. c. 4.

There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the university in preparation to the commencement. Mede. Life, p. 34. It is here just as if any combustible matter, which is set on fire; if we take the flame presently, it is soon extinguished; bat give it a little scope, and it proves often beyond your power to quench it, till it hath done mischief.

Sharp, vol. v. Disc. 5.

What may we conceive the inward disturbance is, where the outward shew (which usually dissembles the inward passion,) betrayed so much rage and disorder; for when such flames break out, what combustion may we conceive within-Stillingfleet, vol. i. Ser. 10.

The suddenness, horror, and universality of their destruction are set forth by the similitude of a "fire" consuming the dry trees in a forest," or some combustible matter on the "mountains."-Horne. On the Psalms, Ps. 83.

First through the shoulders, or whatever part
Was seized the first, a fervid vapour sprung.
With rash combustion thence, the quivering spark
Shot to the heart, and kindled all within;
And soon the surface caught the spreading fires.

Armstrong. The Art of preserving Health, b. iii.

COME, c. COME, .

CO/MER.

A. S. Coman; Dut. Komen; Ger. Kommen; Sw. Komma. Come is a complex term, expressCO'MING, R. ing a particular species of moCOʻMMING, 1. tion. We see a thing in motion; the distance lessens, the thing approaches, and it comes: if the distance increases, the thing departs, and it goes. Such is the broad distinction between to come and to go.

To come is usually interpreted in conjunction with prepositions, and even with other words connected with it; but the signification of the expression is entirely consequential, and must be deduced from the context. He came to me; he rame to the block in these instances came means terally the same; the consequences to the moving body were different, and are by usage impled.

And (met.) The reckoning came to a pound; i.e. mounted. He came to his senses; i.e. he regained ir recovered them. In these expressions, amount, and regain, are by usage denoted.

To come off,-to escape, to evade, to elude. Conelyng in R. G. and Wiclif,-comers (sc.) from Lreign places; foreigners, strangers.

For ther nys in thi kyndam so wys mon ywys,
To segge soth of thinges, that to commene beth.
R. Gloucester, p. 145.
Ther duelled he no more, till Acres went our kyng.
The Cristen that ther wore wer fayn of his comyng.
R. Brunne, p. 227.
Thou hast now forsake
My dogter, that schulde be thi wif, and to a kemelyng take?
R. Gloucester, p. 25.
For Godes loue, staleworthe men, armeth you faste
To sie these komelynges.
Id. p. 18.

VOL. I.

the tyme is come) he shall shewe that is blessed and myghtye onelye, Kyng of Kinges, and Lord of Lordes, which only hath immortalitye.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Moost dere I biseche you as comelingis and pilgryms to absteine you fro fleishli desires that fighten agens the soul. Wiclif. 1 Pet. c. 2.

At night was come into their hostelrie
Wel nine and twenty in a compagnie
Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle
In felawship, and pilgrimes were they alle,
That toward Canterbury wolden ride.
Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 23.

And for comers hereafter shullen fully all the sothe knowe of these thinges in acte, but as they werne, I haue put it in Scripture, in perpetual remembraunce of true meaning.. Id. The Testament of Loue, b. i.

But she, whiche knewe to fore the honde
The circumstance of all this thynge,
Ageyn the comyng of the kynge

Into the temple, hath shape so, &c.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

There they assembled by great companyes, the whiche were called the late commers bicause they hadde as than but lyttel pylled in the realme of France. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 214.

And he still on was led, but with such thoughts
Accompanied of things past and to come,
Lodg'd in his brest as well might recommend
Such solitude before choicest society.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i.
Man. Come, come no time for lamentation now;
Nor much more cause; Samson hath quit himself
Like Samson, and heroicly hath finish'd
A life heroic.

Id. Samson Agonistes.
So with the squire, th' admirer of his might,
He marched forth towards that castle wall,
Whose gates he found fast shut, no liuing wight
To ward the same, nor answer commer's call.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 8.

This kingdom's angel I, who since that day
That ruthless fate thy parent reft away,
And made a star, appear'd not any where
To gratulate thy coming, come am here.

Drummond. The Speech of Caledonia. Afterward they take it out, [the malt] and laieng it vpon the cleane floore on a round heap, it resteth so vntill it be readie to shoote at the root end, which malsters call comming. Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 6.

And this I dare confidently averre, that there are no such enemies to the king's prerogative as those who, advancing it beyond due bounds, do necessarily draw it into dispute, in which it commonly comes off with losse and diminution in the end, as in the late cases of loanes, ship-money, and the like.-Prynne. The Soveraigne Power, pt. i. p. 103.

But suppose David himself suborned Joab to do what he did, that he might have a fair come off, and manifest his love to his son. If David had done so; why God himself did so.-Goodwin. Works, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 135

COMEDY. Fr. Comédie; It. Commedia; COME'DIAN. Sp. Comedia; Lat. Comœdia; CO'MICK, adj. Gr. Κωμωδια ; according to CO'MICAL, adj. Festus, from Kaun, i. e. vicus, CO'MICALLY. a village, and won, cantus, a song; a village song; because these plays (ludi) were usually performed in villages before they were introduced into cities, (urbes.)

Comick, having the qualities of Comedy :Mirthful, lively, facetious, witty, ridiculous, droll.

A comical poet, in Holland, is a Comick poet, a writer of Comedies.

A commodie is thought to be
a thinge of lesser payne,
Because out of our dayly deedes
the most therof is tayne.
A commodie is so much more
of great, and weightie charge,
Because her libertie is strayte,
at least not very large.

Drant. Horace. Epistle to Augustus.

Aulus Gellius that noble historiar, Orace also with his newe poetry, Maister Terence the famous comicar.

Skelton. The Crown of Laurel.

Archilogus did for Iambics passe.
For commicke verse stil Plautus peereles was.

Gaicoigne. R. N. on his Works.

Clion in solem songs reneweth all day
With present yeres conjoyning age bypast,
Delightful talke loues comical Thaley,

In fresh grene youth who doth lyke lawrel last.
Vncertaine Auctors. Songes to the Nine Muses.

One may not thinke things comicall
in tragike blasts to blowe.

Drant. Horace. The Arte of Poetry. As for that part of poetry which dealeth in representation of personages in plaies upon a stage, so small account they made at Athens of the comedians and their profession; nay, they disdained and scorned it so much, that a law there was enacted, forbidding expresly that no senatour of the counsell Areopagus might make a comedy: contrariwise, the tragedy flourished, and was in much request.

Holland. Plutarch, p. 807.

I cannot for the stage a drama lay,
Tragick, or comick; but thou writ'st the play.

B. Jonson. Epigrames. To a weake Gamester in Poetry. He was so mocked and flouted by the comicall poets, that he grew to be of no reckoning and reputation, but incurred an ill and odious name.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 807.

Hee seemed when he presumed of himselfe, to cracke and vaunt in a loftie tragicall note, and whensoeuer he feared, to debase himselfe lower than a comicall actor.

Id. Ammianus, p. 321.

It is a comicall subject, in sober sadnesse to crave pardon of what is amisse, and desire thee to suspend thy judgement, wink at small faults, or to be silent at least, but if thou likest, speake well of it, and wish me good success. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 407.

I am resolved howsoever in this tragi-comedy of loue, to act severall parts, some satyrically, some comically, some in a mixt tone, as the subject I haue in hand giues occasion, and present scene shall require or offer itself.-Id. Ib.

As that Syracusian in a tempest, when all ponderous things were to be exonerated out of the ship, quia maximum pondus erat, flung his wife into the sea. But this I confesse is comically spoken and so I pray you take it.-Id. Ib. p.562.

The great success which tragic writers found,
In Athens first the comedy renown'd;
Th' abusive Grecian there by pleasing ways,
Dispers'd his natural malice in his plays.

Dryden. The Art of Poetry.

He [Daniel Whitby] was suspended, and at length made a pretended recantation, which cost him nothing but the pleasure of outwitting his governors, by a part acted in a comicall way.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon.

When I first designed this play I found, or thought I pleasant in the comick, as might deserve a more ordinary found, somewhat so moving in the serious part of it, and so

care in both.-Dryden. Spanish Friar, Dedication.

Among the causes which he pleaded before his quæstorship, was that of the famous comedian Roscius, whom a singular merit in his art had recommended to the familiarity and friendship of the greatest men in Rome.

Middleton. Life of Cicero, s. 1. Whenever Aristotle speaks of comedy, we must remember that he speaks of the old, or middle comedy, which was no other than what we should call farce, and to which his definition of comedy was adapted : μιμησις φαυλότερων; that is, as he explains himself, "an imitation of ridiculous cha racters."-Twining. Aristotle. Poetics, vol. i. Note 28,

ZZ

For it [the metre] can plainly be no other than a careless and looser Iambic, such as our language naturally runs into, even in conversation, and of which we are not without examples, in our old and best writers for the comic stage.

Hurd. On the Idea of Universal Poetry.

That our three heroes should advance,
And read their comical romance,
How rich a feast, what royal fare,

We for our readers might prepare.-Churchill. Ghost, b.iii.

CO'MELY, adj. CO'MELY, ad. COMELILY.

CO'MELINESS.

Junius and Skinner agree from Become, in its consequential usage; viz. Becoming, fitting, decent, appropriate, suitable; graceful, handsome, of good appearance. And see the examples, from Davies on Dancing, and Strype.

A comely creature.-Piers Plouhman, p. 345.
Though he kilde a comly knyght.-Id. Crede.

How so his mouthe be comely,

His worde sitte euermore a wrie,

And saith the worste that he maie.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

Wel shaped were her lims, ful comly was her face, Eche little vain most lively couch't, eche part had semely grace.-Vncertaine Auctors. Tale of Pygmalion, &c. Wherein surely hee noted wel the comelynes of apparel to be, when it was fashioned like the bodie, and grete folie, when a square cappe was set upon a round head.

Strype. Records, No. 25. Life of Abp. Parker.

Sicin. This is a happier and more comely time Then when these fellowes ran about the streets, Crying confusion.-Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iv. sc. 6.

Chor. O how comely it is, and how reviving To the spirits of just men long oppress't! When God into the hands of thir deliverer Puts invincible might

To quell the mighty of the earth, th' oppressour.

Milton. Samson Agonistes. How fought great Rupert, with what rage and skill! Enough to have conquer'd, had his cause been ill! Comely young man! and yet his dreadful sight The rebels blood to their faint hearts does fright.

Cowley. On the late Civil War.

I see him through an adverse battle thrust,
Bedeck'd with noble sweat and comely dust.

Id. Upon the happie Birth of the Duke.

So slides he down upon his grained bat,
And comely-distant sits he by her side;
When he again desires her, being sat,
Her grievance with his hearing to divide.

Shakespeare. A Lover's Complaint.

It was then that the simple and beautiful young shepherdesses went without other apparel than that which was requisite to cover comelily, that which modesty wills and ever would have concealed.-Shelton. Don Quix. b. ii. c. 3.

For comeliness is a disposing fair

Of things and actions in fit time and place.

That may be eaten.

Albeit some herbes are most comestible, and do lasse harme vnto nature, & moderately vsid maketh metely good blud.-Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. ii. c. 15.

His moneys were the purest and least corrupted within the Italian bounds; and his markets the best ordered for prices of comestible ware; where, in all his townes, a man might have sent out a child for any fish, or flesh, at a rated price every morning.-Reliquiae Wottonianæ, p. 246.

COMET, n. CO'METARY. COMETO'GRAPHY.

}

Gr. Kounτns; Lat. Cometa, - stella crinita; It. and Sp. Cometa; Fr. Comète; Dut. and Ger. Kometa, from the Lat. Coma, the hair. See the quotation from Pliny.

Vor a sterre with a launce, that comete iclupid is,
Aros tho aze dai, [those days] biuore the son iwis,
Fram Seinte Margarete tid, vort Misselmasse nei
That ech man mizte wondri, that the sterre isei.
R. Gloucester, p. 548.
Clerkes knewen the comete. and comen mith here pre-
sentes.-Piers Plouhman, p. 234.

In the yeere 1098, the Abbey of St. Maries at Cistertium was founded. In the same yeere also Antiochiæ was taken by the Christians, and a comet appeared. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 11. These blazing starres the Greekes call cometas our Romanes crinitas; dreadful to be seene, with bloudie haires, and all over rough and shagged in the top, like the bush of haire upon the head.-Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 25.

On th' other side Incenc't with indignation Satan stood Unterrifi'd, and like a comet burn'd, That fires the length of Ophiucus huge In th' artick sky, and from his horrid hair Shakes pestilence and war.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. regions, as on our globle.-Cheyne. Philosoph. Principles. Refractions of light are in the planetary and cometary

From Dantzick, I understand by a letter of Mr. Hevelius, that his cometography is very near finished; and that he intends very shortly to send me by sea some exemplars thereof. Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 249. Letter from H. Oldenburgh.

Her comel-eyes she darts on every grace;
And takes a fatal liking to his face.

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 10.
There stood a tow'r, whose vast stupendous size
Rear'd its huge mast, and seem'd to gore the skies,
From which a bloody pendant stretch'd afar
Its comet-tail. denouncing ample war.

Falconer. Description of a Ninety-Gun Ship. CO/MFIT, v. Also written confits (qv.) CO'MFIT, n. Fr. Confitures; It. Confettura; CO'MFITURE. Sp. Confiture. All (says Skinner) from the Lat. Confectio, from conficere, Caseneuve confectum, to make up together. the Apothecary was called Confectionarius; and Medicine, Confectio. CONFECTION.

Davies. On Dancing. observes, that

Never made body such haste to confess
What a soul was; all former comeliness
Fled in a minute when the soul was gone,
And, having lost that beauty, would have none.

See

The ladies defended the castle with rose-water and com-
Donne. Hymn. To the Saints. fittes, and the lordes threwe in oranges and dates.
Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 14.
-On either side,
And at night to banquet with dew (as they say) of all
maner of fruits and confections, marmelad, succad, grene-
gynger, comfiettes, sugerplate, &c.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 229.

The bright attendants, rang'd with comely pride
Advance in just array, and grace the pompous tide.
Hughes. The Court of Neptune.

But this [decency] shews virtue in her first original form, adds a comeliness to religion, and gives its professors the justest title to the beauty of holiness.-Spectator, No. 292.

G. Douglas left behind him great approbation of his virtues, and love of his person, in the hearts of all good men; for besides the nobility of his birth, the dignity and comeliness of his personage, he was learned, temperate, and of singular moderation of mind.

Hume. History of the Douglasses, p. 220. COMESSATION. Lat. Comessatio, comissari ; from the Gr. Kwuos, (Varro.) And Kwuos, (Lennep,) quasi conventus, concio, et in primis hominum ebriorum, noctu vagantium cum cantu; an assembly of men, drunk, and roving in the night with song. Comessatio, in Suetonius, (Vit. Domitiani, c. 21,) Holland renders "Reare banquets:" and the word was applied to

A convivial banquet, which, after supper, was prolonged far into the night.

Is it a small benefit that I am placed?-Where I see no drunken comessations, no rebellious routs, no violent oppressions, no obscene rejoicings, nor ought else that might either vex or affright my soul.-Bp. Hall. The Free Prisoner, s. 3.

The fruit which does so quickly waste,
Men scarce can see it, much less taste,
Thou comfitest in sweets to make it last.-Cowley. Muse.

Plato and Xenophon have made a note of the delicate viands, pastry works, comfitures and junckets, served up in Callias or Agathus houses.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 598.

Donne. Love's Usury.

Only let me love none, no not the sport
From country grass to comfitures of court
Or city, quelque-choses, let not report
My mind transport.
COMFORT, v.
CO'MFORT, n.

COMFORTABLE.
CO'MFORTABLENESS.
CO'MFORTABLY.
CO'MFORTATIVE.
COMFORTER.

Also written Confort, (qv.) Mid. Lat. Confortare; Fr. Conforter.

Cotgrave, in his interpretation, has put that last which should have been first; inasmuch as fortis, strong, anciently forctis, (from the Gr. Έρκτος, itself from έργειν, sepire, Vossius,) is the true etymology of the word. "To comfort, solace, recreate; to encourage or

COMFORTLESS. CO'MFORTMENT.

COMFORTRESS.

Noither bi north no bi south com him neuer help,
Wo was alle his comforth, of sorow mot he gelp [yelp.]
R. Brunne, p. 41.
For cleregie is Cristes vikery. to comforte and to curen.
Piers Plouhman, p. 233.

In a walnote. with oute ys a byter barke,
And after that biter barke; be the shale aweye
Ys a curnel of comfort.
Id. p. 209.
Hereaftirward, bretheren be ghe coumfortid in the Lord
and in the myght of his vertu.-Wiclif. Effesies, c. 6.

These thingis I haue spoken to ghou dwellynge among ghou, but thilk Hooli Goost the comfortour, whom the Fadir schal sende in my name, he schal teche ghou alle thingis, and schal schewe to ghou alle thingis whateuere thingis I schall seie to ghou.-Id. John, c. 14.

Thys haue I spoken vnto you beynge yet present with you. But that comforter which is the Holy Goost (whome my father wyl sende in my name) he shal teache you all thynges, and brynge all thynges to your remembraunce what so euer I have told you.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Thys conforte shalle thou euermore fynde in the playne texte and lytteral sense. Neyther is there anye storye so homelye, so rude: yea, or so vyle (as it semeth outwarde} wherin is not exceadynge great conforte. Tyndall. Workes, p. 3.

For vnto the right beleuyng shal all thinges be comfortable, and vnto consolation, at that terrible day.-Id. Ib. p. 68.

But Edmond therof beynge warned, sped him towarde that parte of the felde, and behaued hym so comfortably amonges his men, that by his knyghtly courage his people recouered that they before had loste, and contynued the batayll tyll nyght.-Fabyan, vol. i. c. 204.

Honey is waloweish and ouer casteth the stomake, if it be plenteously taken by itselfe alone: but if wyth vinegre it be made eagredoulce, than is it not onely delectable and plesaunt of relice, but also comfortatiue and holsome too. Udal. Preface to the Kinges Maiestie.

And as I haue my tale thus told,
Steps vnto me with countenance bold
A stedfast frend, a councellour,

And named is Hope my comfourlour.

Incertaine Auctors. The Louer describeth, &c.

Quiet I aske, and a time of delay, And respite eke my fury to assuage, Till my mishap teach me, all comfortlesse, How for to wayle my grief.-Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv. The same merchants with all celeritie and expedition, obteined the queene's maiestie's most gracious and fauourable letters to the ladie dowager, and lordes of the councell of Scotland for the gentle comfortment and entertainment of the saide ambassadour, his traine and companie, with preseruation and restitution of his goods.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 286. The king him hartily thanked, and was well reuiued and comforted with his wordes, and so he with all his company were set on lande, and well refreshed. Grafton. Edw. IV. an. 9.

'Tis besides as comfortable
To die upon th' embroidery of the grass
Unminded, as to set a world at gaze,
Whilst from a pinnacle I stumble down
And break my neck, to be talk'd of and wonder'd at.
Ford. The Sun's Darling, Act i. sc. 1

Orl. Thy conceite is neerer death, than thy powers.
For my sake be comfortable, hold death a while

At the armes end.-Shakes. As You Like It, Act ii. sc.
Ro. Be comfortable to my mother, your
Mistris, and make much of her.

Id. All's Well, Act i. se.

We know a playing wit can praise the discretion of an ass the comfortableness of being in debt, and the jolly commod ties of being sick of the plague.-Sidney. Defence of Poesy

Cyprian hearing thereof, wrote comfortably vnto him and willed him in any wise to proceed. Whitgift. Defence, p. 355. But hard (God knows) with sorrow doth it go, When woe becomes a comforter to woe.

Drayton. England's Heroical Epistles.

Be sure they will, said th' Angel; but from heav'n
He to his own a comforter will send,

The promise of the Father, who shall dwell

His spirit within them, and the law of faith

Working through love, upon their hearts shall write,

To guide them in all truth.-Milton. Par. Lost, b. xii.

Ay dooing things, that to his fame redownd,
Defending ladies cause, and orphans right,
Whereso he heares, that any doth confownd
Them comfortlesse through tyranny or might;
So is his soveraine honour raisde to heuens hight.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 2. s. 14.

Mos. To be your comfortresse, and to preserve you. Velp. Alasse, I am past already! pray you thank him, For his good care, and promptnesse; but for that, 'Tis a vaine labour, e'ene to fight, gainst heaven.

B. Jonson. The Fox, Act iii. sc. 7. Now all the remedy that is to be had in such an exigence as this, is to have the next preacher sent for, who must instil a little comfortable divinity into him, to make him sleep, and so his soul departs the Lord knows whither.

Chillingworth, Ser. 6. Which [talents] if he do but carefully manage, and improve to the uses they were given for, he will for ever preserve to himself the love, and favour, and kindness of his heavenly Father, and shall not fail both of living happily and comfortasly here, and arriving also to a glorious state of immortality hereafter.-Sharp, vol. vi. Ser. 3.

Thou only comforter of minds opprest,
The port where wearied spirits are at rest;
Conductor of Elysium, take my life,
My breast I offer to thy sacred knife.

Buckinghamshire. The Temple of Death.

Such is the condition of our life here! Either, not to have our most passionate wishes granted us; which is present unhappiness; or if we have them granted, to find, by a comfortless experiment, that we have sought misery instead of happiness; and embrace a vain shadow, where we expected a substantial good.-Hoadley, vol. iii. Ser. 15.

Consolation, or comfort are words which, in their proper acceptation, signify some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the burthen. To that grief which arises from a great loss, he only brings the true remedy who makes his friend's condition the same as before; but he may be properly termed a comforter, who by persuasion extenuates the pain of poverty, and shows in the style of Hesiod, that half is more than the whole.

COMICK. See COMEDY.

Rambler, No. 52.

incidere, to cut into. From Commaticus, which St. Jerome applies to Hosea, "Osee commaticus est," Horsley appears to have adopted commatism. You search verie narowly when you misse not a comma, but you knowe what nugator signifieth. Whitgift. Defence, p. 341.

I will produce a verse and half of his, in one of his eclogues to justify my opinion; and with commas after every word to shew that he has given almost as many lashes, as he has written syllables.-Dryden. Origin and Progress of Satire.

The parallelism in many parts of Hosea is imperfect, interrupted and obscure; an effect perhaps of the commatism of the style.-Bp. Horsley. Hosea, p. 43.

And he seyde to hem, where is youre feith? whiche dredynge wondriden: and seiden togider, who gessist thou is this? for he comaundith to the wyndis and to the see: and thei obeyen to him.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 8.

And he sayde vnto the: where is youre fayth? they feared and wondred saying one to another: what felow is this, for he commaundeth bothe the windes and water, & they obey him.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

And thei axiden him and seiden, commaundour whanne schulen these thingis be?-Wiclif. Luke, c. 21.

Be ghe my foloweris as I am of Crist. And britheren I preise ghou that bi alle thingis ghe be myndeful of me, and as I bitook to ghou my comaundementis ghe holden. Id. Corynth. c. 11.

I mote hir louen till I dye. And thus I breke as by that wey Hir hestes, and her commandynges; But truly in none other thynges.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. And lastly, what great exploits they performed vnder the conduct of Hubert of Burrough, as likewise against the Welshmen, vpon 200 French ships, and vnder the commaund of Captaine Henry Pay.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. Pref.

But finally he wēt into the Isle of Crete, where he continued and dyed, commaundynge at his death, that his bones shulde be cast in to the see, leaste if they were broughte to Lacedemonia his countrye, the people shulde thynke them selfe of theyr othe and promise dyscharged.

Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. ii. c. 9.

Why doothe hee excommunicate, and commaunde to be taken as a Heathen and a Pagan, any Christian prince, that renounceth his authority.-Jewell. Def. of the Apol. p. 395.

With their lawes, and executions, their promotions and preferments: their biddings; and commandings; threatnings and reuengings, &c.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 17.

They that wyll leue the comawndements of God undon, and wyll followe and doe voluntarie dedys, which were neither commawnded by God, nor yet by the churche, are greatlie to be blamyd and are to be punyshed.

Strype. Records, No. 10. Dr. Crome's Declaration. Though his valour might perhaps have given a just pretension to one of the first charges in an army, it could not certainly be a sufficient ground for a title to the command of three nations.-Cowley. Government of Oliver Cromwell.

How commandatory the apostolical authority was, is best discernible by the Apostle's mandates unto the churches upon several occasions, as to the Thessalonians,-We command the brethren.-Bp.Morton. Episcopacy Asserted, p. 73. "Ah! yet," said he, "yet, stubborn king! repent, Whilst thus unarmed I stand,

Ere the keen sword of God fill my commanded hand;
Suffer but yet thyself, and thine to live."

Cowley. The Plagues of Egypt.

If it were true, which is here said by the diatribist, that the leviticalness or ceremoniality of the offerings seems to lie here, viz. in the uncommandedness or freedom to offer or not to offer;-then sure the leviticalness, &c. would not extend to the commandedness of the other offerings, and consequently the commanded offerings under the law would not be levitical: which is palpably false.

Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 195. Seeing then that God alone is Lord of the soul and spirit, he alone can bind them by commandment; seeing God alone can take notice of the sins of the heart, and is onely able to inflict the punishment, namely, everlasting death and damnation, the proper punishment which the conscience feareth he alone may command upon pain of eternal damnation. Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. 34.

Who sees an army all in rank advance,
But deems a wise commander is in place
Which leadeth on that brave victorious dance.

Davies. On Dancing, Which is not easily performed by man; it requireth not only a broad foot, but a pliable flexure of joints and commandible disposure of all parts of progression. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 1.

Every spectator must learn of him, as it is his profession, he sets up school for it, his practices are so commandingly exemplary, that they do even force and ravish the most Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 506.

maidenly tender conscience.

For the performing of these workes, he had given commandement that all prisoners wheresoever should be trans

ported into Italie: and that no person attaint and conuict of anie wicked act, should be condemned otherwise, but to worke thereat.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 194.

Thou great commandress, that dost move
Thy sceptre o'er the crown of love,
And through his empire, with the awe
Of thy chaste beams, dost give the law.

Carew. A New Year's Gift to the Queen.

The goddess we adore Dea Moneta, Queen money, to whom we daily sacrifice, which steers our hearts, hands, affections, all: the most powerful goddesse, by whom we are reared, depressed, elevated, esteemed, the sole commandresse of our actions. Burton. Anat. of Melan. To the Reader, p. 37.

Whereas humane art acts upon the matter from without cumbersomely and moliminously, with tumult and hurliburly; nature acting on it from without more commandingly, doth its work easily, cleaverly, and silently.

Cudworth. Intel. System, p. 179.

Where there is a sincere and honest endeavour to please God and keep his commandments, although persons fail in the manner of doing it, God will accept of such as righteous. Stillingfleet, vol. iv. Ser. 3.

O! sovereign of the willing soul,
Parent of sweet and solemn-breathing airs,
Enchanting shell! the sullen cares,

And frantic passions, hear thy soft control:
On Thracia's hills the Lord of war

Has curb'd the fury of his car,

And dropp'd his thirsty lance at thy command.

Gray. The Progress of Poesy.

In his profession, Sir Sidney Smith might be considered as a distinguished person, if any person could well be distinguished in a service in which scarce a commander can be named without putting you in mind of some action of intrepidity, skill, and vigilance, that has given them a fair title to contend with any man in any age.

Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 3. CO/MMARK. Commarchia, confine, limes, the confine, the limit. Gallis, frontiere, comarque, (Du Cange.) Marches, from the A. S. Mearc, signum, limitaneum, terminus, a bound; from A. S. See MARCHES. Mearc-an, to mark.

A mark or march; a bound or confine. Sir Knight, the boy which I chastise, is mine own servant, and keepeth for me a flock of sheep in this commark. Shelton. Don Quixote, b. 1. c. 4.

And the best of it is, that it is publickly bruted about this commarke, that those which surprised us, were galley-slaves. Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 2. COMMATE/RIAL. Of the same matter. See

Walton. Life of Donne.

Lat. Con, and memor, from Memini, preterperf. of the obsolete meneo, or meno, and meno, the Gr. Meve, manere, See MEMORAble.

COMMEMORATION. COMMEMORATIVE. COMMEMORATIVELY. COMMEMORATORY.

to stay or remain. To stay, or cause to stay, to keep or preserve, (sc.) in the mind; to manifest, show or declare that we keep or preserve in the mind; by some public act-to solemnize or celebrate any thing preserved in the mind.

The lambe or feaste is called the Lorde's passeouer; and yet was neither the lambe nor the feaste his passyng ouer, but the sign and commemoration of his passyng by. Tyndall. Workes, p. 469.

All these testimonies have been express for our purpose, That the thanksgivings and prayers of the church in the Christian sacrifice were offered unto the Divine majestie through Christ commemorated in the symbols of bread and wine, as by a medium whereby we find acceptance.

Mede. Works, b. ii. c. 6.

After whose death [Metrodorus] making in one of his letters a kind commemoration of the happiness which they two had enjoyed together, he adds at last, that he thought it no disparagement to those great felicities of their life that, in the midst of the most talked-of and talking country in the world, they had lived so long, not only without fame, but almost without being heard of.-Cowley. Ess. Obscurity.

That rest which God superadded, being only commemorative of their deliverance from the Egyptian servitude, was not moral, nor perpetual.-Bp.Taylor. Rule of Con. b. ii. c. 2.