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The breaking and eating of the bread is a communication of the body of Christ, a sacrifice commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for us, and making us partakers, or communicating to us the benefits of that bread of life, strengthening, and giving us grace. Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 129.

The sixth and last thing to be proved was, That Christ is offered in this sacrifice commemoratively only, and not otherwise.-Mede. Works, b. ii. c. 9.

The succeeding paschal sacrifices, though commemoratory of the first, yet varied something from it. Hooper. On Lent, p. 271. We are called upon to commemorate a revolution, as surprising in its manner, as happy in its consequences, as full every way of wonder, and of all the marks of a Divine contrivance, as any age or country can shew.

Atterbury, vol. i. Ser. 7.

So that this sacrament was designed to be a standing commemoration of the death and passion of our Lord till he should come to judgment; and consequently the obligation that lies upon Christians to the observation of it is perpetual,

and shall never cease to the end of the world.

Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 25. All legal sacrifices being only types of his, and therefore to have an end, and expire together with him, our Lord was pleased to institute this, not for a propitiatory sacrifice, as the Papists absurdly imagine, but as a commemorative sacrifice, to put his church always in mind of that which he then offered, by that one oblation of himself for the sins of mankind.—Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 54.

You will pardon me, I hope, for speaking in this advantageous manner of my own conduct; but as you advise me to alleviate my present uneasiness by a retrospect of my past actions, I will confess, that, in thus commemorating them, I find great consolation.-Melmoth. Cicero, b. ii. Let. 5.

The commonwealth which acts uniformly upon those principles; and which after abolishing every festival of religion, chooses the most flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal commemoration, and which forces all her people to observe it-This I call regicide by establishment.-Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Læt. 2. COMMENCE, v. Į Fr. Commencer; Sp. CoCOMMENCEMENT. menzar ; It. Cominciare; traced thus by Menage, con initiare, cominitiare, comintiare, cominciare.

To make the first motion; to take the first step, to begin.

But the demaunds of any man whatsoeuer propounded in this regard, are and ought to be altogether frustrate and voide, and all actions which may or shall be commenced by occasion of the sayd goods arrested, are to be extinct and of none effect.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 151.

We said in general, that if his ho. continued his good mynd towards the finishing & perfiting of that college, as his ho. hath to the beginning and commencement, your gr. had so dysposed al things there, as it shuld schortely be brought to the desired perfitnes, althow the same is & shal be to your gr. inestimable charge.

Strype. Records, No. 23. The King's Ambass. to Wolsey.
Here the anthem doth commence :-
Love and constancy is dead;
Phenix and the turtle fled

In a mutual flame from hence.

Shakespeare. The Passionate Pilgrim, s. 20. Being honourably brought into the Forum, the day of his first plea and commencement, hee promised publiquely for the people a congiarie, and donative for the souldiours.

Holland. Suetonius, p. 182.

On the 29th, the queen removed to St. James's, passing through the Park, and took her barge at Whitehall, and so to Richmond, in order to her progress; which was chiefly commenced to meet her beloved, the prince of Spain.

Strype. Memoirs. Queen Mary, an. 1534.

In the last lecture the nature and origin of the Hebrew elegy was explained; the form and commencement of that species of poetry was traced into the solemn dirges which are chanted at funerals by the professed mourners.

Lowth. On the Poetry of the Hebrews, Lect. 23.

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He that glorieth have glorie in the Lord, for not he that
commendith hymself is preued, but whom God commendith.
Wiclif. 2 Cor. c. 10.

For he that wit and reason can,
It sit hym wel, that he trauail

Upon suche thyng, which might auaile,

For idelship is nought commended.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
The sonne in lawe his stepdame being dead,
Began her heirce with garlands to commend.

Turberville. Of the Cruell Hatred of Step-mothers.

A man may, as it were on moutayne or place of espiall, beholde on euery syde farre of, measurynge and estemyng euery thyng and eyther pursewe it if it be commendable, or eschewe it yf it be noyful.

Sir T. Elyot. The Governor, b. i. c. 23. Wherfore suche printers in my mynde are not to be defrauded of their due commendation, who in pretermitting other light triflying pamflets of matter vnneedful, and impertinent, little seruing to purpose, less to necessitie, do employe their endeuour and workemanship chiefly to restore the fruitful workes and monumentes of auncient writers, and blessed martyrs.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 1. Pref

And amongest all other articles this was concluded and appoynted, that no Englishman should enter into Scotland, without letters commendatory of theyr awne souereigne lorde, or saue conduyte of his warden of the marches.

Grafton. Hen. VIII. an. 17.

To him my muse made haste with every strain,
Whilst it was new and warm yet from the brain:
He lov'd my worthless rhymes, and, like a friend
Would find out something to commend.

Cowley. On the Death of Mr. Wm. Hervey.

1 Lord. He had need mean better than his outward show
Can any way speak in his just commend
For by his rusty outside, he appears
To have practis'd more the whipstock, than the lance.
Shakespeare. Pericles, Act ii. sc. 2.

After our harty commendations. Whereas, by occasion of
some matter of that church lately opened before us, we have
understood there is lack of an ordinary reader, very requi-
site and commendable in al cathedral churches, both for the
instruction of others, and conference among themselves, and
good example to the rest of the diocees. (Dated, 7. Jan.
1582.) Strype. Life of Whitgift. Records, No. 5.

Neither have there beene wanting such as haue written,
and that very commendably the liues of particular men,
eminent for vertue, or learning, or place.

Hakewill. Apologie, p. 252.
-I hear of
Your visits, and your loving commendation
To your heart's saint, Cleophila, a virgin
Of a rare excellence.-Ford. Lover's Melanch. Act. i. sc. 3.

Vaine commendations derogate from truth, & we thinke
in conclusion ill of both, the commender and commended.
Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 140.

I doe ensure your ladiships, he is a gentleman of a very worthy desert, and of a most bountifull nature.-You must shew and insinuate yourselfe responsible, and equivalent now to my commendment.

B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revels, Act iv. sc. 3.

It would be a work truly worthy of a British parliament, to begin this commendable undertaking, [the reduction of the National debt] and to make such a progress therein, as, with a strict regard to public faith, and private property, may pave the way to this great and desireable end."

Hoadly. Letters signed Britannicus, Let. 72.

He [the King] considers very graciously the commendable-
indeed worthy of you. (Dated, July, 1698.)
ness of your submission in these circumstances, which is

Bp. Burnet. Life. Letter from Tennison.

The other [surrender] was of Bushlisham, or Bishtam, in Berkshire, made by Barlow, Bp. of St. David's, that was commendator of it, and a great promoter of the Reformation.

Id. History of the Reformation, an. 1537.

All churches did maintain intercourse and commerce with
each other, by formed, communicatory, pacificatory, com-
mendatory, synodical epistles.-Barrow. Unity of the Church.

(See COMMAND and
RECOMMEND.) It. Com-
mendare; Sp. Comen-
dar; Lat. Commendare.
To give any thing into
the hands of another;
to deliver or commit to
the care; and thus,-
to intrust and to de-
clare trustworthy; wor-
thy of approbation, of set up for his commender and patron.

Whatever did but bear upon the image of God, and the
superscription of the holy Jesus would need no other com-
mendatories to our affection, but would upon that account
alone be infinitely dear and precious to us.
Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 1.
To sooth and flatter such persons, would be just as if
Cicero had spoke commendatories of Anthony, or made
panegyricks upon Catiline.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 7.

high esteem, of favourable attention.

Commendator,-the holder of a benefice, commended to his care, till a regular incumbent is provided.

Even my pen would refuse to be employed in such trash, were it not to chastise our writer's confidence; who, unqualified to understand one single page of Cicero, presumes to

Bentley. Of Free-Thinking.

I would rather be commended to posterity by the elegant
and amiable Muses, than by the satyric sister, politely called

by an eminent author, "the least engaging of the Nine."
Smart. Letter to a Friend at Cambridge.

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O where haste thou be so long commensal, that haste so mikel eaten of the potages of foryetfulnesse and dronken so of ignorance that the olde souking, which thou haddest of me arne amaistred and lorne fro all maner of knowinge. Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. i. Especially thereby to avoid community with the Gentiles upon promiscous commensality: or to divert them from the idolatry of Egypt, whence they came, they were enjoyned to eat the gods of Egypt in the food of sheep and oxon.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 25.

When Daniel would pollute himself with the diet of the
Babylonians, he probably declined Pagan commensation or
to eat of meats forbidden to the Jews.
Id. Miscellaneous Tracts, p. 15.

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COMME'NSURAbleness.
COMMENSURABILITY.

It. Commensurare; Sp. Commensurar; Fr. Commensura

tion. Con, and mensura. He is said to measure, who examines what may

the magnitude of any thing, (Vossius.)

To be, or cause to be, of the same or equal measure, or dimensions; of the same or equal capacity; proportioned, or equivalent, or adequate to.

How fitly and suitably commensurated and proportioned each to other are these two. Goodwin. Works, vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 81. Yet can we not thus commensurate the sphere of Trisme gistus, or sum up the unsuccessive and stable duration of God.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 3.

O let us be sure then, our confidence, our claims to heaven, improve not above their proportion, that we preserve this symmetry of the parts of grace, that our hope be but commensurate to our sincerity, our daringness to our duty.

Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 554.

For the law of sin and the law of the mind, that is, grace in us, and sin in us, are adequately and commensurately opposite, and contrary in every soul in which grace is wrought.-Goodwin. Works, vol. ii. pt. iv. p. 277.

A strait and a curve line may perhaps be brought by immediate commensuration, nearer to equality than any given difference; but the equality can never be brought to a point.

Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b.i. c. 3.

Though God is not bettered by any thing we can give or do, all our services being to him as nothing; yet he is pleased to esteem them by their commensuration to us, if in respect of our abilities they are the best.

Wilkins. On the Gift of Prayer, c. 2.

Their poems were made at first with intention to have them sung, as well epic as dramatic, (which custom hath been long time laid aside, but began to be revived in part of late years in Italy) and could not be made commensurable to the voice or instruments in prose.

Hobbs. On Davenant's Preface.

To make the commensurableness yet nearer as in the matter of promulgation, the people of all other churches. have but a promulgation at second hand by hearsay; and have no interest of presence at all; so answerably let these elders of other churches, have but the like share in that power, and the controversie is at an end.

Goodwin. Works, vol. iv. pt. iv.

p.

127 We can, I think, have no positive idea of any space c duration which is not made up, and commensurate to re peated numbers of feet or yards, or days, and years, which are the common measures, whereof we have the ideas 1 our minds, and whereby we judge of the greatness of these sort of quantities.-Locke. Hum. Underst. b. i. c. 17.

It confounds the greatest subtilties of speculation, with the riddles of God's omnipresence; that can spread a singl individual substance through all spaces; and yet withou any commensuration of parts to any, or circumscription within any, though totally in every one.-South, vol.i. Ser.l

If such a supply should be productive, in a degree com mensurate to its object, it must also be productive of muc vexation, and much oppression.-Burke. Reg. Peace, Let.

If we say, the diameter of the square is incommensurab with its side, we do not intend by (is) that it is incommen surable now, having been formerly commensurable, or bein to become so hereafter.-Harris. Hermes, b. i. c. 6.

COMMENT, v.

COMMENT, 12.
COMMENTARY.

COMMENTATOR.

COMMENTER.

Lat. Comminisci: dictum a con and mente; cum finguntur in mente quæ non To sunt, (Varro, lib. v.) comment, then, is— To find out, (sc.) the meaning of any doctrine; to explain it: to find out, examine and explain the meaning of another: to write notes, remarks, or observations upon any thing,-for the purpose of explaining.

COMMENTITIOUS.

For first for as the commentours yt ye speake of, either theyr commentes tell vs the same tale yt the texte dothe, or else another. If thei tell me the same I beleue them onely because ye text saith ye same. And if thei tel me another, than beleue I the not at all, nor nought I should, except I should beleue menne better than God. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 152.

Of these commentaries haue I taken both example to do thys thynge, and also counsell to vnderstande the texte, to none of them wholly addyet, but as I perseyued them alwayes agreynge to the scripturs.-Bale. Image, pt. i.

My first writing, whom I lyttle thought to fynd so studiouse commentours in ye generacio, ye dyliget reader shal alwayes fynd vndre this wurde Cesura-Id. Apology, fol. 16.

[They] would soon forget God's very name or attributes, did they not daily repeat them over, (as school-boys their parts) and often comment on them by oaths and prophanations: and these are abeo, in the apostle's phrase, without God in the world.-Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 606.

They have so disguised his philosophy by obscuring commeste, that his [Aristotle] revived self would not own it. Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 17. Every thing, saith Epictetus, hath two handles, the one to be held by, the other not, 'tis in our choice to take and leave whether we will (all which Simplicius, his commentafor, hath illustrated by many examples) and 'tis in our own power, as they say, to make or marre ourselves.

Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 332.

Slily, as any commenter goes by Hard words or sense.

Donne, Sat. 2.

In which, though there were many notable passages that might give much light to our history; yet so many commentitions fables were inserted, that they rendered even what truths he writ suspected.

Baker. Chronicle. The first known Times of this Island. [Our adversaries] willingly pass by that which is orthodoxal in them, and studiously cull out that which is commentitious, and best for their turns, not weighing the fathers in the balance of scripture, but scripture in the balance of the fathers.-Milton." Of Prelatical Episcopacy.

That learned person was led into [it] by a former explication he had made of a parallel place in St. James; which I shall crave leave to produce at length, and to comment upon. Atterbury, vol. i. Ser. 2.

Poor Alma sits down between two stools; The more she reads, the more perplext, The comment ruining the text.-Prior. Alma, c. 1. And if the sense of any obscure passage in those holy books, be more cleared, or better ascertained to us than they were formerly, next to the blessing of God, we are obliged for it to the learning and industry of fallible commentators. Sharp. Works, vol. vii. Ser. 3.

Whose conduct is a comment to thy tongue,

Always beware you commerce not with bankrupts.

B.Jonson. Every Man out of his Humour, Act i. sc. 2.
Blest marble giue me leaue t' approach and weepe,
These vowes to thee! for since great Talbot's gone
Down to thy silence, I commerce with none
But thy pale people.-Habington. Castara, pt. ii. El. 2.
Come, but keep thy wonted state,
With even step, and musing gait;
And looks commercing with the skies;

Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes.-Milton. Il Penseroso.
There must of necessity be some free intercourse with all
men, otherwise the passages of publick commerce were quite
cut of, and the common law of nations must needs fall.
Hale. Remains. Ser. Rom. xiv. 1.
In stead of all these perillous commerces of our love, I will
prefer so secure an object to it, as Saint Augustine saith of
it, Love but, and do what you will.

Montagu. Devout Essaies, pt. i. p. 179.

If this commerce 'twixt heav'n and earth were not
Embarr'd, and all this traffick quite forgot,
She, for whose loss we have lamented thus,
Would work more fully and pow'rfully on us.
Donne. An Anatomy of the World.
Great orator! deare Talbot! still, to thee
May I an auditor attentive be:

And piously maintaine the same commerce
We had before.-Habington. Castara, pt. ii. El. 2.

He [Sir Andrew] is acquainted with commerce in all its
parts, and will tell you that it is a stupid and barbarous way
to extend dominion by arms; for true power is to be got by
arts and industry.-Spectator, No. 2.

It seems highly probable, that all finite created spirits have, and must have material vehicles of purity and fineness in proportion to their natural and moral powers conjunctly not only to limit and direct their energy and efficiency, but to commerciate with other animals and inanimat created natures.-Cheyne. On Regimen, Disc. 1.

The greatness of a state, and the happiness of its subjects, how dependent soever they may be supposed in some respects, are commonly allowed to be inseparable with regard to commerce; and as private men receive greater security, in the possession of their trade and riches from the power of the public, so the public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and extensive commerce of private men.

Hume. Ess. Of Commerce.

To view these animals in a commercial light, we must
add, that the English were late before they engaged in the
whale fishery: it appears by a set of queries, proposed by an
honest merchant in the year 1575, in order to get information
in the business, that we were at that time totally ignorant
of it.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Common Whale.

Every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some
measure a merchant, and the society itself grows to be what
is properly a commercial society.
A. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 4.

If you think that this participation was a loss, commercially
considered, but that it has been compensated by the share
which Scotland has taken in defraying the publick charge-
I believe you have not very carefully looked at the publick
accounts.-Burke. Two Letters to Gentlemen at Bristol.
COMMIGRATION. Lat. Con, and migrare,
locum mutare, to change place.

To change place, to move or pass from one So clear, the dullest cannot take it wrong.Young, Sat. 3. place to another, in union or in company with

And that the coherence of the several parts may be the more distinctly seen, the commentary is rendered as concise as possible; some of the finer and less obvious connexions being more carefully observed and drawn out in the notes.

Hurd. On Epistolary Writing, Introd.

Yet, on these equal terms, it can be no discredit to have aimed at some resemblance of one of the least of those merits, which shed their united honours on the name of the illustrious friend and commentator of Mr. Pope.-Id. Ib.

The Catholics have laboured most in countries civilized; but, giving a commentitious system for the gospel of Christ, it is no wonder the Pagans should not be greatly disposed to change old fables for new. Warburton. Divine Legation, b. ii. s. 6.

COMMERCE, v.

COMMERCE, N.

COMMERCIAL.

COMMERCIALLY.

Fr. Commerce; It. Commercio ; Sp. Comerciar, comercio; Lat. Commer

cium. Con, and merx, COMMERCIALE, V. which Vossius derives from the Hebrew, and Martinius from Meip-ev, partiri, dividere, to part, separate or divide.

To divide or share, (sc.) mutually, each-a part of his own for part of another's; to exchange, (see the example from A. Smith,) to bargain and sell; to trade or traffic; to have intercourse for purposes of trade or traffic; to have or hold interCourse generally.

others.

And it is a true observation which Ramus to this purpose
hath, wee reade of diverse commigrations or remoualls of
nations, and surely no lesse of arts and sciences might be
obserued.-Hakewill. Apologie, p. 38.

COMMILITANT. Lat. Con, and miles, (q.d.)
unus ex mille. One of a thousand.
A fellow soldier.

Sir Roger Williams next (of both which Wales might
vaunt)

His martial compeer then, and brave commilitant;
Whose conflicts, with the French and Spanish manly
fought

Much honour to their names, and to the Britons brought.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 18.
Fr. and Sp. Commina-
tion; Lat. Minor, minatus.

COMMINATION.
COMMINATORY,
To threaten.

A denunciation of future ill; a threatening of
The Commination in
punishment or vengeance.
the Book of Common Prayer, is entitled, " A Com-
mination, or denouncing of God's anger and judg-
ment against Sinners."

He wyll not faile to make fall vpon them the terrible
commination and threate that the spirit speaketh of in the
Apocalyps vnto the bysshope of Ephhesy. I wil come and
remoue thy candlestycke oute of hys place.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 897.

They which were not resident should giue the one half of their goods, and that for the space of three yeers togither: with terrible comminations to all them that did resist.

Fox. Martyrs, p. 264. The Pope's Precept, an. 1246. Ouer and besides diuers other threatnings and comminatory wordes by you pronounced and vttered vnseemly, and by far vnmeet to proceede out of the mouth of you that are in such roome & place as ye be in.

Id. Ib. p. 1205. Bonner's Recusation against Sir T. Smith

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CO'MMINUTE, v.
COMMINUTION.
COMMINU'IBLE.
COMMINUATE, v.

Fr. Comminuer; Lat. Comminuere,comminutum, to lessen. "Verbum fuit antiquum μιω, unde μίνω, Mivvw: Lat. Minuo, minuor, minutus," (Scheidius.) As now applied, it seems to signify

To break or destroy the continuity; to separate into small parts; to crush or grind with the teeth or mandibles.

The more solid food which needs greater manducation, cannot be sufficiently comminuated for chyle, or ground low enough for the stomach, until these teeth have done this work upon it.-Smith. Portraiture of Old Age, p. 104.

So that there are three causes of fixation; the even spreading both of the spirits and tangible parts; the closenesse of the tangible parts; and the jejunenesse, or extream comminution of spirits.-Bacon. Natural History, s. 799.

By which account, a diamond steeped in goat's blood, rather increaseth in hardness, than acquireth any softness by the infusion; for the best we have are cominuible without it.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5.

We see likewise, that fusion makes metals fluid, and in fusion there is manifestly a comminution of the melted body. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 38.

So that this smiting of the steel with the flint doth only make a comminution, and a very rapid whirling and melting of some particles: but that idea of flame is wholly in us. Bentley, Ser. 2.

Those that form this genus [gilt head,] as well as the following, feed chiefly on shell fish, which they comminute with their teeth before they swallow them.

Pennant. British Zoology. The Gilt Head. The superior quantity of shell-fish, which may more frequently call for the use of its comminuting powers than those of our trouts, might occasion this difference.

COMMISERATE, v.
COMMISERA'TION.

COMMISERA'TIVELY.
COMMI'SERABLE.
COMMI'SERATOR.

Id. Ib. River Trout Salmon

Lat. Con, and miser. See MISERY.

To feel pain for, or on account of, the pain felt by others;

sympathize or compassionate.

to

Certainly we seem not to remember what a gentle and commiserating judge God is, or that ourselves are men, and have to deal with humane frailty, and man's miserable condition, which we ought to behold with pity, and not handle with bitterness.-Mede. Works, b. i. Disc. 37.

If any one do pity our offence,

Let him be sure that he be far from hence:
Here is no place for any one that shall
So much as once commiserate our fall.

Drayton. Dudley, to Lady Jane Gray. In Kent, Ethelbert or Pren, by some means having usurp'd regal power, after two year's reign contending with Kenulph the Mercian, was by him taken prisoner and soon after out of pious commiseration let go.

Milton. History of England, b. iv.

It is the sinfullest thing in the world to forsake or destitute a plantation once in forwardness, for besides the dishonour, it is guiltiness of blood of many commiserable persons. Bacon. Ess. Of Plantations (of Colonies.)

This was the end not onely of this noble and commiserable person Edward the Earle of Warwicke, eldest sonne of the Duke of Clarence, but likewise of the line male of the Plantagenets. Id. Hen. VII. p. 195.

He hath divided his soul from the case of his soul, whose weakness he assists no otherwise than commiseratively, not that it is his, but that it is.-Overbury. Characters.

Deaf unto the thunder of the laws, and rocks unto the cries of charitable commiserators.-Brown. Christ. Morals.

There is one kind of virtue which is inborn in the nobility, and indeed in most of the antient families of this nation; they are not apt to insult on the misfortunes of their countrymen. But you, sir, I may tell it you without flattery, have grafted on this natural commiseration, and raised it to a nobler virtue.-Dryden. Dedication to Amphitryon.

Where neither the parent reason, nor her stern progeny, the laws, will commiserate discordancy of temper, or distress of circumstances; but with relentless rigour, combine to fasten that fatal yoke, which those victims of their cruel policy must submit to wear, till as merciless a deliverer sets them free.-Warburton. Works, Ser. 22.

Who can peruse the relation of the last moments of Epaminondas, at the battle of Mantinea, without finding himself touched with a pleasing commiseration?

Melmoth. Cicero, b. i. Let. 20. COMMISSURE, n. Fr. Commissure; Lat. Commissura, junctura, et compages eorum, quæ committuntur, (Gesner.)

Fr. Commissure," a commissure or seam in a bone, (as in the skull;) also any neer, closing, joyning, or couching of things together," (Cotgr.)

Yet in the setting on of some flowers, and seeds in their sockets, and the lineall commissure of the pulp of severall seeds may be observed some shadow of the harmony.

Brown. Cyrus' Garden, c. 3.

Which [armadillo] is covered on its back and sides with a strong scaly crust or shell, or a hard or bony substance, jointed like armour, or the scales of the tail of a lobster, by four transverse commissures in the middle of the body, connected by tough membranes.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii.

And then for the greater security, the whole pipe, especially at the commissures, was diligently cased over with our close black cement, upon which plaster of Paris was strewed to keep it from sticking to their hands or cloths that should manage the pipe.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 205.

COMMIT, v. COMMITTEE. COMMITTEESHIP.

COMMITTER.

COMMITTIBLE.

COMMITMENT.

COMMY'SED.

It. Commettere; Sp. Cometer; Fr. Commetre; Lat. Con, and mittere, i. e. facere ut eat; to cause to go, to send. Mitto, Vossius thinks, is from μεθιω, seu μεθιημι, mitto, missum facio, dimitto. Committere, (Festus) is properly insimul mittere, aut conjungere; though now used both for facere and incipere. To cause to go, to put, place, or remove into the hands, or under the care or custody, of another; to deliver, consign, or

CO'MMISSARY. CO'MMISSARYSHIP. COMMISSION, v. COMMISSION, n. COMMISSIONARY. COMMMI'SSIONATE, v. COMMISSIONER.

the city of Troynouaunt and enclosed her therein, committing her vnto the custody of his most neere and famylier friends. Grafton. Chronicle. First Age, pt. iv. The committers of which sinne he burnt at a stake among the Turkes, as Moses also commaundeth in hys lawe. Tyndall. Works, p. 267.

Then the sayd knight counsailed with other barons and knyghtis, and so reported theyr opinyons, and whiche was, how they had well deserued deth for dyuers horryble dedis, the which they had commysed.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 12.

After most hartie commendations, I [John Masone] haue sent to my lords at this present the emperor's commisaries answere made at the diett, to a letter lately sent from the French king to the said diett, of the circulls of Germanie assembled at Francfort.-Burnet. Rec. pt. iii. b. v. No. 32.

At whose hands, after long attendance giuen he was discharged, and so returned home againe, being also dismissed of his commissariship.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 1117. an. 1544.

For the ful confirmation and strengthening of all the sayde premisses, the three foresayd honourable and religious pergeneral appointed as commissioners to deale in the aboue sonages being by the said right reuered lord the master written ordination and composition, haue caused their seals vnto these presents to be put.-Hackluyt. Voy. vol. i. p. 152.

Let gastly shadows his lewd eyes affright;
And the dire thought of his committed evil
Shape every bush a hideous shapeless devil.

Shakespeare. Rape of Lucrece.

All things committed to thy trust conceal, Nor what's forbid by any means reveal.-Denham. Justice. Mr. Pym being speaker of the committee of the commons that were appointed to prosecute, gave in the articles of impeachment.-Baker. Charles I. an. 1640.

Gregorie the seuenth, Pope, excommunicated all committers of simonie, and remooued marryed priestes from executing diuine seruice, whereof rose great troubles in England. Stow. William the Conqueror, an. 1075.

Wherein indeed Bodine hath attempted a particular enumeration, but (besides the mistakes committible in the solary compute of years) the difference of chronologie disturbs the satisfaction and quiet of his computes.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 12.

The lords were discontented at the commitment of the Earl of Arundel, about his son's marriage with the Duchess of Lennox his sister.-Whitelock. Memoirs, an. 1626.

In this world's warfare they, whom rugged fate,
(God's commissary) doth so thoroughly hate,
As in th' court's squadron to marshal their state.
If they stand arm'd with silly honesty,
With wishing, prayers, and neat integrity,
Like, Indians gainst Spanish hosts they be.

Donne. To Sir H. Wotton.

As who would make a steersman to a barge
Of one blind born, who can no danger see,
If that ship drown, forsooth I say for me,
Who gave the steersman such commission,
Should of the ship make restitution.-P. Fletcher, Ecl. 4.

Neither is this onely by way of bare verbal declaration

(which might proceed from any other lips,) but in the way of an operative and effectual application, by virtue of that delegate, or commissionary authority, which is by Christ entrusted with them.-Bp. Hall. Cases of Conscience, c. 9.

For it is well known that God revealed his will in those

days by prophets particularly called, and commissionated to that purpose.-Hammond. Works, vol. iii. p. 8.

intrust to another. Also to put or place in oppo-king with letters to the nobility, desiring that the marriage sition; and simply, to do, as to commit a crime.

Commissary,-One to whom any thing is com

mitted.

So also committee,-One to whom, a number of persons to whom, any person or thing is committed. Commission,-To commit, deliver, consign, or entrust; to appoint or empower.

Now, sire, then shuln ye committe the keping of your persone to your trewe frendes, that ben appreved and yknowe, and of hem shuln ye axen helpe, youre persone for to kepe. Chaucer. Tale of Melibeus.

Discrete he [the Serjeant] was, and of gret reverence:
He semed swiche, his wordes were so wise,
Justice he was ful often in assise,

By patent, and by pleine commissioun.

Id. Prologue, v. 317. And thereto the emperour named his companyons, the tyme, place, and order of all the conspiracy, and also to whom the sword was commytted.-Sir T.Elyot. Governour, b.ii. c.7.

But peraduenture thou that knowest Christ wilt say, (as many doe) that Christes death and redemtio serueth thee but for original sinne, or at most for those sinnes that thou committedst before baptisme.-Frith. Works, p. 16.

Howbeit, the singuler great loue and affection that he bare unto the said Eastrilde could not yet out of his minde & be forgotten, wherefore he made a caue vnder ground in

Not long after these arrived a messenger from the French should be consummated betwixt the young Queen and the Daulphin his son, and that certain commissioners should be sent to assist the solemnity.

Spotiswood. Church of Scotland, b. ii. an. 1558.

He himself prayed for them that crucified him; some of which were, without doubt, those very Pharisees, whom he had before charged with committing the sin against the Holy Ghost, in the twelfth chapter of Matthew. Sharp, vol. iii. Ser. 16.

In this sense, therefore, it may be, and is probably true, that charity shall cover many sins, even of the first magnitude; i. e. it shall prevent the temporal inflictions due to them, and often even after pardon obtained, pursuing the committers of them.-Atterbury, vol. i. Ser. 9.

Concerning which, I shall premise this in general, That there is no sin committable by man, as to the kind of it, but by circumstances is capable of being made a sin of presumption.-South, vol. vii. Ser. 11.

He [Sir A. Cooper] persisting obstinately silent was bid to withdraw, and those, who had depended upon his discovery, being defeated, and consequently very much displeas'd, mov'd warmly for his commitment; of which he, waiting in the lobby, having notice, unmov'd expected his doom.

Locke. Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftsbury.

But the house of commons, made an address to the queen, in which they thanked her for the peace she had concluded,

and for the foundation laid for settling our commerce; and prayed her to name commissaries to regulate and finish that matter.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1713.

We are to deny the supposition, that he [Moses] was a private person at that time, [of killing the Egyptian] but that he was even then commissioned by God governor of Israel; and consequently in the right of a governor, might revenge the wrong done to his subjects.-South, vol. v. S. 8.

But still there is a great difference between pursuing the things of the spirit, with the reluctancy of the flesh, and pursuing the things of the flesh, with the reluctancy of the spirit; the former shows only the motions of the flesh, which being subdued are but infirmities; but the latter do not cease to be wilful sins, tho' there be inward struggling in the commission of them.-Stillingfleet, vol. iv. Ser. 11.

As if he should have said, I have now all power over all things in the world conferred upon me; by virtue whereof I command, empower, and commissionate you to enlarge, settle, and govern the church that I have founded.

Bp. Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 1,

If upon this enquiry it manifestly appears, that either, no such crime was committed, or that the suspicion entertained of the prisoner was wholly groundless, in such cases only it was lawful totally to discharge him. Otherwise he must either be committed to prison, or give bail: that is, put in security for his appearance, to answer the charge against him.-Blackstone. Commentary, b. iv. c. 22.

In this dubious interval between the commitment and trial, a prisoner ought to be used with the utmost humanity; and neither be loaded with needless fetters, or subjected to other hardships than such as are absolutely requisite for the purpose of confinement only.--Id. Ib.

The Lord Chancellor, upon petition or information, grants a commission to enquire into the party's state of mind; and if he be found non compos, he usually commits the care of his person, with a suitable allowance for his maintenance, to some friend who is then called his committee.

Id. Ib. b. i. c. 8. Being asked, Whether he was ever in the Murawar country? he said, yes; he was commissary to the army in that expedition.-Burke. App. to Sp. on Nabob of Arcot's Debts.

From him, [Jesus Christ] and those commissioned by him, we learn what the wisest men, and even angels had desired to look into, and could at most discern but imperfectly through the types and shadows of the patriarchal and Mo saic dispensations.-Hurd. Works, Ser. 30.

Yet this uncandid Junius would insinuate, that the dignity of the commander in chief is depraved into the base office of a commission-broker; that is, Lord Granby bargains for the sale of commissions.-Junius, Let. 2. COMMIX, v. COMMIXION.

COMMIXTION.

A. S.

Lat. Com, and mix; Misc-an, mise-ere, to mix, or mingle: omitting the termination an, we have misc; and this by a common transposition became mics, i.e. mix, (Tooke, ii. 298.) Vossius derives misc-ere from the Heb.; Tooke from the above A. S. Mise-an.

COMMIXTURE.

To co-mingle; or to mingle or blend together. His lot is next to rise, and next in world his head shall

reare,

Of Troyan and Italian blood commixt, thy worthy childe Thy Siluius, borne after thy deceasse in forest-wylde. Phaer. Virgill. Eneides, b. vi

This stock that of Ausonian blood commixt shall shorth rise

In vertue men shall passe, and passe the goddes that dwel in skies. Id. Ib. b. xii. Howbeit, the emperour abydeth styll in his Crystē law and all is by reason of commyction of this maryage.

Berners. Froissart, Cronycie, vol. ii. c. 4

Or, self-conceited, play the humourous Platonist,
Which boldly dares affirm, that spirits themselves supp
With bodies, to commix with frail mortalitie.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s.
Yet with his admirable streame, doth not his wau
commix,

But glides aloft on it like oyle.-Chapman. Hom. Il. b.

Were thy commixion, Greeke and Troian so
That thou could'st say, this hand is Grecian all,
And this is Troian; by Joue multipotent,
Thou should'st not beare from me a Greekish member
Wherein my sword had not impressure made
Of our ranke feud.-Shakes. Troil. & Cress. Act iv. sc.
In him that shape, in her there was that sweetness,
Might make him lik'd, or hir to be belov'd;
As this commixtion, so their married mind
Their good corrected, or their ill reliev'd,
As truly loving, as discreetly kind,
Mutually joy'd, as mutually griev'd.

Drayton. Moses, his Birth and Miracles, For though some species there be of middle and part pating natures, that is, of bird and beast, as bats and so

few others yet are their parts so conformed and set together, that we cannot define the beginning of or end of either; there being a commixtion of both in the whole, rather than an adaptation or cement of the one unto the other-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii, c. 11.

I am modestly confident my humble language shall be accepted, because I shall present all readers with a commixfare of truth, and Sir Henry Wotton's merits.

Wallon. Life of Sir Henry Wotton. Indeed, as the flocks of Jacob were distanced "three days Journeys from those of Laban," so (to prevent voluntary or casuall commixtures) our styles are set more than a month's journey asunder.-Fuller. Worthies. Ches-shire.

Nor do they much help the matter, who say, that those frogs that appear sometimes in great multitudes after a shower, are not indeed engendered in the clouds, but coagulated from a certain sort of dust commixed and fermented with rain-water.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii.

If it be not a good yellow, but pale, (which usually hap pens for want of an exact commixtion of the ingredients) it may be returned to the residue, mingled better with it again, and sublimed once more.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 136. This spirit I therefore ascribe to the salt of the husks altered by their commixture with the copper. Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 582.

From ocean's verge, if not too far remov'd, Its shelly sands convey a warm compost, From land and wave commixt, with richness fraught. Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 2. But in the Jewish republic, where the church and state were incorporated, this commixture made no other confusion than what arises from the mistakes of men, ignorant of the nature of that sacred economy.

Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ix. Note. COMMODE. See COMMODIOUS.

COMMODIOUS. Fr. Commode; It. COMMO DIOUSLY. Comodo; Sp. Cómodo; COMMODIOUSNESS. Lat. Commodus; (Gr. COMMODITY. Zvuμerpos,) whence (VosCOMMODE, A. sius) the adverbs commodua, as if cum modo, with measure, with moderation; and whatever is so, is commodious, and useful. Modus, he derives, from the Heb., and considers the meaning to be,-to mete, or measure, metiri, mensurare.

Commensurate or proportioned to, fitting, suiting, (sc.) a particular use or purpose; convenient, serviceable, useful, beneficial.

But yet men delitynge in vertue moughte with cardes and tables deuyse games, wherein mought be moch solace and also study commodiouse, as deuising a bataile, or contentio betwene vertue and vice, or other like plesant and honest intention -Sir T. Elgot. Governovr, p. 92.

Thus hath thy loue been vnto me

As pleasant and commodious,

As was the fire made on the sea

By Naulus hate so odious,

Therwith to traine the Grekish host
From Troyes return, where they were lost.

Vncertaine Auctors. The Louer accusing his Loue.
And Master Merchant, he whose travail ought
Commodiously to doe his country good.
And by his toyle, the same for to enriche,
Can finde the meane, to make monopolyes
Of every ware, that is accompted strange.

Gascoigne. The Steele Glas.

Item. That ye shall provide on this side of the feast of -next coming, one book of the whole Bible of the Largest volume in English, and the same set up in some venient place within the said Church that ye have cure et, whereas your parishioners may most commodiously rert to the same and read it.-Burnet. Records, No. 11. junctions to the Clergy by Cromwell.

But now see how that not onely these vnlooked for misthafa, haue heauily growne on ye, but also those commot which ye thought to haue holpen your selues and *thers by, be not onely hindered but also hurt thereby.

Sir J. Cheke. The Hurt of Sedition. And even as our heauenly father gaue his Christ vnto us t for any profit that he should haue thereby, but onely for profite, likewise ya shouldest do all thy good workes not king respect what commodities thou shalt haue of it, but ter attendyng through charitie, the wealth and profite of fly neighbour.-Frith. Workes, p. 28.

For water, it [Britain] is walled and garded with the
Man most commodious for trafficke to all parts of the world.
Camden. Remains.

At the largest foot of a fair hollow tree,
Chase to plough'd ground, seated commodiously,
His ancient and hereditary house,
There dwelt a good substantial mouse.

Cowley. The Country Mouse.

Waither also, a little after the prince of Wales, together with his princess came to dwell, making it his chief resi

te, both by reason of the commodiousness of the place its strength.-North. Life of Edw. the Black Prince.

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A marshy ground commodiously was near,
Thither she ran, and held her breath for fear,
Lest if a word she spoke of any thing,
That word might be the secret of the king.
Dryden. Wife of Bath's Tale.

If a traveller being in some ill-inhabited eastern country, should come to a large and fair building, such as one of the most stately of those they call caravanzeras, though he would esteem and be delighted with the magnificence of the structure, and the commodiousness of the apartments, yet, supposing it to have been erected but for the honour or the pleasure of the founder, he would commend so stately a fabric, without thanking him for it. Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 419.

The commode is described to have been a kind of head

dress, worn by the ladies at the beginning of the XVIIIth century, which by means of wire bore up the hair and foreheight.-Spectator, No. 98. Notes, oct. part of the cap, consisting of folds of fine lace, to a great

A famous monk, Thomas Connecte by name, attacked it with great zeal and resolution. This holy man travelled from place to place to preach down this monstrous commode; and succeeded so well in it, that as the Magicians sacrificed their books to the flames upon the preaching of an apostle, many of the women threw down their head dresses in the middle of his sermon, and made a bonfire of them within

sight of the pulpit.-Id. Ib.

It [Old Aberdeen] has the appearance of a town in decay, having been situated, in times when commerce was yet unstudied, with very little attention to the commodiousness of the harbour.-Johnson. Journey to the Western Isles.

Now, to a people, thus circumstanced, unfurnished, in a good degree, with arts and manufactures, and but slenderly provided with the means of exchange for the commodities they produce; management, thrift, and what we call good husbandry, must have been a capital virtue. Hurd. Works, Ser. 1. COMMODORE. Perhaps from the Sp. Comendador, a commander.

Whatever depended on the commodore, was soon so far advanced, that he conceived the ships might be capable of putting to sea the instant he should receive his final orders, of which he was in daily expectation.

Anson. Voyage round the World, b. i. c. 1. COMMODULATION. Lat. Con, and modulatio, from modus, measure. See COMMODIOUS.

So that if they hold that symmetrie and commodulation, (as Vitruvius calls it) which they ought, from the proportion of the head, the hand, the cubit, the foote, the finger, nay the tooth, or the least bone may the dimensions of the whole body be infallibly collected.-Hakewill. Apol. p. 190. COMMOLITION. Lat. Con, and mola, (see the quotation,) a grinding stone.

And whether these fragments of iron and hard substances swallowed by the ostridge, have not also that use in their stomachs, which they have in other birds; that is, in some way to supply the use of teeth, by commolition, grinding and compressing of their proper aliment, upon the action of the strongly conformed muscles of the stomach, as the honour'd Dr. Harvey discourseth, may also be considered. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 22.

CO'MMON, n. COMMON, n. COMMON, adj. CO'MMONABLE. CO'MMONAGE. CO'MMONALITY. CO'MMONALTY. CO'MMONER. CO'MMONING, n. CO'MMONLY. COMMONNESS. CO'MMONWEAL.

COMMONWEALTH.

Fr. Commun; It. Comune; Sp. Comun; Lat. Communis, a word (Vossius) which properly applies to those things, which are not private, but which pertain, ad multorum munia seu

munus. Varro, (lib. iv.) and Scaliger, (De Causis, c. 31.) differ about the etymology of munus, and Vossius from both.

to one as well as another; to many; to the public Belonging or pertaining in general.

Frequently met with, and therefore easily obtained and thus of little or no value, no rank or distinction.

To common, now written commune, is to be or cause to be common; to make common, (sc.) our thoughts, &c.; and thus to converse, to discourse, to confer, to combine together. Commons, the provision which each member in a society takes at the common meal.

All the comons of the lond with letter tham bond
And ilkon sette his seale therto with his owne hond.
R. Brunne, p. 45.

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For troste wel that communly these counseillours ben flaterers.-Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus.

He brought them all in good accorde,
So that the common with the lorde,
And lorde with the common also,
He sette in loue both two,

And put awaie melancholie.-Gower. Con. 4. Prologue.
But thei that passen [surpass] the commune,
With suche hym lyketh to commune.-Id. Ib.
And commonliche in euery nede
The werst speche is rathest herde,
And leued, till it be answerde.-Id. Ib. b. iii.

We haue heard before how, the duke of Yorke, as heire to Lionell duke of Clarence, pretended priuily, a tytle to the croune, and howe hys friendes commoned secretly, with diuerse persons of that matter, and excited theim to set forwarde, and auaunce that parte to the vttermoste. Hall. Hen. VI. an. 30.

For thoughe wee commoned of sorowe and heauinesse, yet was the thynge that wee chiefly thoughte vppon, not the trybulacion itselfe, but the cumforte that may growe thereon. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1169.

And when al this was concluded, then the kyng's counsayle comoned amonge themselfe for a maryage for theyr kynge, for it was tyme. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 51.

Wherefore leste in repeting a thing so frequent and commune, my boke shulde be as fastidious or fulsome to the reders, as suche marchaunt preachers be nowe to their customers, I wylle reuerentely take my leaue of diuines.

Sir T. Elyot. Gouernorr, b. i. c. 21.

And I say agayne, that as the priestes doe nowe vse to consecrate it, it helpeth not the poore comens of a rishe. Frith. Workes, p. 153. Then gan I thus resolue: more pleasant is the lyef Of faythefull frends, that spend their goods in commone without stryef

For as the tender frend appeasith euery gryef;
So yf he falls that lieues alone, who shall be his relyef.
Surrey. Ecclesiastes, c. 4.

I wolde therefore declare also this your vertewe vnto the students, exhorting them to loue ad reuerece godly princes, and in their praiers commende them with their comons vnto God.-Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, Ep. Ded.

In the countrey, at a sessions, or other assembly, if no gentyll men be there at, the sayinge is, that there was none but the communallye, which proueth, in myne opinion, that plebs in Latine, is in Englishe comunaltie; and plebeii be communers.-Sir T. Elyot. Governovr, b. i. c. 1.

But whatsoeuer semblant the prouost, and they of Parys made to the kyng of Nauer, for all that, the lorde Philyppe of Nauer wolde neuer trust the, nor wold nat come to Parys, for he alwayes sayd, that in a comynallie ther was neuer no certentie, but finally, shame, rebuke, and dyshonour.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 181.

For he was so much estemed, both of the nobility & commonality, for his liberality, clemency, integrity, and courage that above all others, he was extolled & praised to the very heauen.-Grafton. Hen. VI. an. 39.

Also the vi. Arfacidauell the inuincible king of Parthes, not onely was depriued, but also banished out of his realme, because he dined at a knighte's brydale, and woulde not eate at the bridale of a communer.—Golden Boke, c. 17.

But sir, since Chrysostom saith, that priests are the stomack of the people, it is needfull in preaching, and also

in

commoning, to be the most busie about the priesthood.

Fox. Martyrs. Examination of W. Thorpe, p. 495.

thought and ymagined euer to kepe ye commentie of Flaun

All that wynter the kynge lay styll at the siege, and

ders in frendshyppe, for he thought by their meanes the soner to cõe to his entent.

Berners. Froissart. Cronyele, vol. i. c. 111.

But ye ende of theyr debate and question, & of the effect of theyr victorye, was to enterpryse all cruell thynges, the one againste the other, by violence or by forme of justice, and wyth punishmente, not hauinge regarde to the comonweale nor to that, which justice required.

Nicolls. Thucydides, fol. 91.

Euen so the preachers of the truth which rebuke sinne are not the troublers of realmes and commonwealths, but they that do wickedly, and namely high prelates and mighty princes, which walk without the feare of God and liue abhominably corrupting the common people with their example.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 341.

Wherevpon ambassadours were sent vppon both partes, and dyuers meanes of intreatie were commoned of, but in the ende, it came all to none effect. Grafton. Edw. III. an. 44.

Against the nobles he vphild

Innoble, and his peeres

And commons went alike to wracke, Nor God nor man he feares.

Warner. Albion's England, b. v. c. 28.

Much good land might be gained from forests and chases more remote from the king's access, and from other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken, that the poor commoners have no injury by such improvement.

Bacon. Advice to Sir G. Villiers.

In this hospitall which they builded, was to be relieved, a gentleman three dayes, bread, wine, and waxe: a commoner eight dayes and nights, meate, drinke and lodging. Stow. Hen. IV. an. 1407.

When they [the Gauls] saw the commoners' houses fast shut and locked to, and contrariwise the stately palaces of noblemen and cheefe senators standing wide open, they were at a stand, and doubted more in a manner to enter upon the open places, than the shut.-Holland. Livivs, p.206.

It may be he went yesterday to a wedding, merry and brisk, and there he felt his sentence, that he must return home and die, (for men very commonly enter into the snare singing, and consider not whither their fate leads them.) Bp. Taylor. Holy Dying, c. 4. s. 1.

Com. He is a lawyer, and must speak for his fee,
Against his father, and mother, all his kindred;
His brothers, or his sisters: no exception
Lies at the common-law.

B. Jonson. The Magnetick Lady, Act ii. sc. 5.

A second collection which appertains to a ready provision, or preparatory store, is that which Cicero intimates, where he gives it in precept, that we have common-places in ready preparation argued and handled pro and contra.

Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, b. vi. c. 3.

Some say the senses receive the species of things, and deliver them to the common-sense; and the common-sense delivers them over to the fancy, and the fancy to the memory, and the memory to the judgment, like handling of

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tum; to call to mind, to call the attention to, to warn. See COMMEMORATE, and MONITORY,

The care of the church of Canturburie, whervnto God hath presentlie appointed vs (albeit vnworthie) you being king, dooth speciallie constreine me (in that as yet we are deteined in exile) to write vnto your maiestie letters commonitorie, exhortatorie, and of correction.

Fox. Martyrs. Becket's Let. to the King. COMMORANT. › Lat. Commorari, commoCO'MMORANCY. rans, (con, and mar, comme Tarrying, staying, delaying.

All freeholders within the precinct are obliged to attend them, and all persons commorant therein, which commorancy consists in usually lying there; a regulation which owes its original to the laws of king Canute.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 19. COMMO'RIENT. Fr. Commourir; Lat. Commoriri, commoriens

Dying together.

To which may be added equal and common constellations, the same compatient and commorient fates and times; and then there is reason and natural cause they might both die of like diseases and infirmity. Sir G. Buck. History of Richard III. p. 86. COMMO'RSE. Lat. Commordere, commorsum,

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to make common to others, to confer, to bestow, to impart, to share, or participate; to publish, or reveal; to disclose, or discover. Also to have a common opening, or passage, intercourse, or connexion.

in

A Comyner in Wiclif, is, in Modern Version, a partaker; in Wiclif, (Philippians,) comynyng, Modern Version, fellowship; in Hebrews, it is, in Modern Version, communicating; in Wiclif, comyn, in Modern Version, to be partakers.

The communion of sayntes for soth I to the sayn.

Piers Ploukman. Crede. And nyle ghe forghete wel doinge and comynynge for b suche sacrifices God is deserued.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 13.

I do thankyngis to my God in alle mynde of ghou euer more in alle my preieris for ghou alle with ioie, and make a biseching on ghoure comynyng in the gospel of Christ fr the firste daie til now.-Id. Filipensis, c. 1.

Therefore I an euene eldre man, and a witnesse of Christi passiouns, which also am a comyner of that glorie that sch be schewid in tyme to comynge, biseche ye the eldre me

things from one to another, with many words, making (con, and mordere, to bite.) Applied (met.) by that ben among you.-Id. 1 Petir, c. 5.

nothing understood.-Hobbs. Of Man, pt. i. c. 2.

The latter is that which we call the law of common-weale, the very soule of a politique body, the parts whereof are by law animated, held together, and set on worke in such actions as the common good requireth.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. i. § 10.

The commonwealth, yet panting, underneath
The stripes, and wounds of a late civill warre,
Gasping for life, and scarce restor❜d to hope;
To seeke t' oppresse her, with new crueltie,
And utterly extinguish her long name,
With so prodigious, and unheard-of fierceness.
B. Jonson. Catiline, Act iii.

The commonness, and the general or long reception of a doctrine, is not a sufficient argument of the truth of it. South. Ser. vol. vii. p. 132.

If I would put any thing in my common-place-book, I find out a head to which I may refer it. Each head ought to be some important and essential word to the matter in hand, and in that word regard is to be had to the first letter and the vowel that follows it; for upon these two letters depend all the use of the index.

Locke. A new Method of a Common-place-book.

At the bottom of the title of which is thus written by Dr. Burges. This is one of the very first books of Commonprayer in the beginning of Edward VI. which book, at the request of Archb. Cranmer was reviewed and censured by Martin Bucer, and then reformed accordingly in the 5th of Edward VI. which latter is the book still in force by the statute of 1 Elizabeth, and this [meaning the Commonprayer-book printed 1549] is repealed.

Wood. Athena Oxon. (Burges.)

Common appendant is a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land, to put commonable beasts upon the lord's waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 3.

The deer were suffered to run loose upon their lands, and many oppressions were used with relation to the claim of commonage, which the people had in most of the forests.

Burke. An Abridg. of Eng. Hist. b. iii. c. S.

The commonally, like the nobility, are divided into several degrees; and as the lords though different in rank, yet all of them are peers in respect to their nobility, so the commoners, though some are greatly superior to others, yet all are in law peers, in respect to their want of nobility.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 12.

Speculations of this sort, says he, do not bestow genius on those who have it not, they do not perhaps, afford any great assistance to those who have; and most commonly the men of genius are even incapable of being assisted by speculation. Hurd. On the Provinces of the Drama.

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Therefore for children comynyden to fleische and bloo and he also took part of the same, that bi deeth he schuld distrie hym that hadde lordschip of deeth, that is to se the deuel.-Id. Ebrewis, c. 2.

And he had lever talken with a page,
Than to commune with any gentil wight,
Ther he might leren gentillesse aright.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Prologue, v. 11,
Yemen on foot, and communes many on
With shorte staves, thicke as they may gon.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 25

In prohibiting that none shall commune alone, in maki the people whole communers, or in suffering them to c mune under both kinds, &c.-Burnet. Rec. pt. ii. b.i. No.

Whether any sister of this house hath been taken a found with any such accustomably so communing, and co not show any reasonable cause why they so did.

Id. Ib. b. iii. No. 1. Instruct. for Visit. of Mon

O firy sentence, inflamed with all grace
Enkyndeling hertes, with brandes charitable
The endlesse rewarde of pleasure and solace
To the Father, and the Son, thou art communicable
In vnitate, whiche is inseperable.

Skelton. A Prayer to the Holy Gi

If henceforth ye shal finde any that shall presume communicate with any of them, or else to defend or fa any such fauorers, receiuers, communicants and defende within seauen daies after the same shall appeare and be nifest vnto you, to banish and expell them.

Fox. Martyrs. Rich. II. to the Vice-Chance And I [Wm. Hastleyn] sayd, if it were duely ministre cording to Christe's institution, that then I did beleeue tha faithfull communicants in receiuing that blessed sacran did receiue into their inward man, or soule, the very and bloud of our Sauiour Jesus Christ.-Id. Ib. p. 1935

For we are not taught of God onely for ourselues, but euery man after the measure of his faith, shuld be brot communicat with his neighbors, and distribute vnto that thing he hath learned and knowen in God's schole

Caluine. Foure Godly Sermons, S

Euen so the marchants and leige people of our souer lord the king and of his kingdomes peaceably freque your parts, either in regarde of traffique or of any othe occasion, may there in like manner friendly bee vsed with your marchants and subiects suffered to commu and to haue intercourse of traffique, enioying the com ties of the ancient league.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol.i.)

So passed we forth into the forsayd place,
With such communication as came to our mynde,
And then she sayd, whyles we haue time and space
To walke where we lyst, let vs somewhat finde
To passe the time with.-Skelton. Crown of Laurel

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