Theu syst, that dropping houses, and eke smoke

And chicing wives maken men to flee

Cat of hir owen hous: a, benedicite

What dieth swiche an old man for to chide.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5863.

Lord, thought I, who may that be

What eylet him to sitten here?-Id. Dreame, p. 241.

The now sad king,

Feels sadden terror bring cold shivering:
Lists not to eat, still muses, sleeps unsound,
His senses droop, his steady eyes unquick,
And much he ails, and yet he is not sick.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iii.

One who, not knowing what ails me, should come in, and see me in this soft bed, not only cover'd, but almost oppress'd with cloaths, would confidently conclude, that, whether or no I be distress'd by the contrary quality, I

cannot at least be troubled with cold.

Boyle. Occasional Reflections, s. 2. Med. 2.

For little ailments oft attend the fair,
Not decent for a husband's eye or ear.

Lansdowne. A Cure for the Vapours.

AIM, t. Fr. Esme, anciently written AM, n. Aesme; from the Lat. Adæstimare, ArMING, R. Duchat in Menage. Skinner inArMLESS. clines to Estimare, i. e. to weigh sttentively: for we usually, before we throw or strike at a mark, consider it well, and estimate or reckon the distance of it accurately. And in this application it is constantly used, both literally and taphorically: as the Fr. Esmer,

Toaim or level at, to make an offer to strike, &c.; also to purpose, determine, intend." Cotgrave. The Times sining long in hand a dart of sturdy oke Well tipt with steele, at Pallas forth it flung, and thus he

-Thus hauing spoke

In his blind armelease hand a pile he shooke,
And threw it not in vaine.-May. Lucan, b. iii.

Therefore let not ever even those (who, without any designe do after tongues to run loose by fashion, in the praises graces and beauties) thinke this aymelesse roving ofter fancies altogether innocent. Mountague. Treat. 13. § 5. But no man goes about to deceive, or ensnare, or circumacter in a passion; to lay trains, and set traps, and

blows in a present huff. No; this is always are with forecast, and design; with a steady aiming, and eting malice, assisted with all the skill and art das expers, and well managed hypocrisie. South, vol. i. Ser. 12.

at the dead ancients speak the British tongue; Teach chattering daw, who aims at song, the mother-tongue may humbly read Tudengites yet are wanting in his head Tomase ham equal to the mighty dead. Otway. To Mr. Creech.

There are who, deaf to mad ambition's call,
ick to hear th' obstreperous trump of fame;

Vest, if to their portion fall

competence, and peace.

Nor higher aim

Het le vhose simple tale these artless lines proclaim.

FOL L.

Beattie. Minstrel, b. i.

AIR, n. AIR, v. AERIAL.

AE RIE. A'IRINESS. A'IRING, n. A'IRLESS. A'IRLING. A'IRY.

Fr. Air; It. Aria; Sp. Aire; Lat. Aer; Gr. Anp, a-ew, (anμi,) to blow; to breathe.

The application of this noun is various;-to the wind, to that which is exhaled, evaporated, which gains vent, or utterance:consequentially, to exhalation, evaporation or vapour, vent, utterance, emission, effusion, diffusion, dispersion, publication.

To that which is light, gay, giddy, unsteady, fluttering.

To motion through the air; to manner of moving generally; to the mien, carriage, or deportment of men.

To motion in the air, of sound, in music and poetry.

I fighte not as betynge the eyr.-Wiclif. 1 Cor. c. 9. They crieden, and kesten awei her clothis and threwen dust into the eir. Id. Dedis, c. 22.

Or if you list to fleen as high in the aire,
As doth an egle, whan him list to sore,
This same stede shal bere you evermore,
Withouten harme, till ye be ther you lest.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,437.

Ayer is the thirde of elementes:
Of whose kinde his aspirementes
Taketh euery liuishe creature,

The whiche shall vpon erth endure.-Gower. Con.A. b.vii. Or as a byrde that flyeth thorow in the ayre, and no man can se eny token where she is flowen, but onely heareth the

noyse of her wynges, beatinge the light wynde, partinge ye ayre, thorow the vehemencye of her goinge, and flyeth on shakyng her winges, where as afterwarde no token of her waye can be founde. Or lyke as when an arowe is shott at a marck, it parteth ye ayre which immediately commeth together agayne, so that a mã can not knowe where it wēte thorow. Bible, 1539. Wysdome, c. 5.

For Ioue vnto his sister downe her airie rainbow sent
With message nothing milde, and how that some should
soone repent.-Phaer. Eneidos, b. ix.
Then if you can,

Be pale, I begge but leaue to ayre this jewel: See! And now tis vp again.-Shakespeare. Cymb. Act ii. sc. 4. It is fifteene yeeres since I saw my countrey: though I have (for the most part) been well ayred abroad, I desire to lay my bones there.-Id. Winter Tale, Act iv. se. 1.

Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damn'd, Bring with thee ayres from heaven, or blasts from hell, Be thy inuents wicked or charitable.-Id.Hamlet, Act i.sc.4. It grew from the airs which the princes and states abroad received from their ambassadors and agents here. Bacon. Hen. VII.

They are of the same cadence as yours, and airable.
Howell, b. ii. Let. 22.

Nor stonie tower, nor walls of beaten brasse,
Nor ayre-lesse dungeon, nor strong linkes of iron,
Can be retentiue to the strength of spirit:
But life being wearie of these worldly barres,
Neuer lacks power to dismisse itselfe.

Shakespeare. Julius Cæsar, Act i. sc. 3.
Like, for those,
That feare the law, or stand within her gripe,
For any act past, or to come. Such will
From their own crimes, be factious, as from ours.
Some more there be, slight ayrelings, will be won,
With dogs, and horses.-B. Jonson. Catiline.

Aeriall spirits or devils are such as keep quarter, most part, in the aire, cause many tempests, thunder, and lightnings, teare oakes, &c.-Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 46.

There is a little contemptible winged creature, an inha

bitant of my aërial element, namely, the laborious bee, of whose prudence, policy, and regular government of their own commonwealth, I might say much. Walton. Angler, pt. i. c. 1. As for the cause, it is not so reasonably imputed unto the breaking of the gall as the putrefaction or corruptive firmen

tation of the body, whereby the unnatural heat prevailing, the putrifying parts do suffer a turgescence and inflation, and becoming aery and spumous affect to approach the ayr and ascend unto the surface of the water.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 6.

The nightingale, another of my airy creatures, breathes such sweet loud musick out of her instrumental throat, that it might make mankind to think miracles are not ceased. Walton. Angler, b. i. c. 1.

The air serves us, and all animals, to breathe in; containing the fuel of that vital flame we speak of, without which it would speedily languish and go out; so necessary it is for us, and other land animals, that, without the use of it, we could live but very few minutes.-Ray. On the Creation.

Or wicker baskets weave, or air the corn, Or grinded grain betwixt two marbles turn. No laws divine or human can restrain, From necessary works the labouring swain. Dryden. Virgil. Geor. b. i. It is certain, that married persons, who are possessed with a mutual esteem, not only catch the air and way of talk from one another, but fall into the same traces of thinking and liking.-Spectator, No. 605.

Mr. Charwell visits very few gentlemen in the country; his most frequent airings in the summer-time are visits to my lady Lizard.-Guardian, No.9.

Too great liberties taken [in translation] in varying either the expression or the composition, in order to give a new air to the whole, will be apt to have a very bad effect. Lowth. On Isaiah. Prel. Diss.

I never in my life chanced to see a peacock fly; and yet before, very long before I considered any aptitude in his form for the aerial life, I was struck with the extreme beauty which raises that bird above many of the best flying fowls in the world.-Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful. Airy dreams

Sat for the picture; and the poet's hand
Imparting substance to an empty shade

Imposed a gay delirium for a truth.-Cowper. Task, b. iv. The summit of the whole semi-circular range is finely adorned with scattered trees, which often break the hard lines of the rock; and by admitting the light, give an airiness to the whole.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes.

An airing in his patron's chariot has supplied him with a citizen's coach on every future occasion.-Golds. Pol. Learn. AIREY, or AERY. See EYRY.

AISLE, n. Fr. Aisle, Aile; It. Ala; Sp. Ala; Lat. Ala, a wing. Applied to

The wings, or sides of churches; expanding like wings.

The abbey [of Saint Gaul, in Switzerland] is by no means so magnificent as one would expect from its endowments. The church is one huge nef, with a double aisle to it. Addison. Italy. Switzerland. Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise, Where through the long drawn aisle and fretted vault, The peeling anthem swells the note of praise.-Gray, El. At the end of the western aisle stands the ruins of a low, simple tower, where the bells of the abbey are supposed to have hung; and from the south aisle projects a building, which is called the chapter-house.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. AKE/LE.

See ACOLD.

AKI'N. Of kin. See KIN.

Nor let not a woman cast in her husband's teeth any benefit done vnto him by her, which is an vnfitting & displeasant thing, yea, among those that be nothing a kin together.

Vives. Instruct. of a Christ. Woman. by R. Hyrde, b. ii.c.5. We have stinted ourselves onely to the legitimate issue of kings; and after such who are properly princes, we have inserted some who in courtesie and equity may be so accepted, as the heires to the crown though not possessed thereof; or else so near a-kin thereunto, that much of history doth necessarily depend upon them. Fuller. Worthies of England, c. 3.

Some limbs again, in bulk or stature
Unlike, and not akin by nature,
In concert act, like modern friends,
Because one serves the other's ends.
The arm thus waits upon the heart,
So quick to take the bully's part.

Their idle sport,
Who pant with application misapplied
To trivial toys, and pushing iv'ry balls
Across a velvet level, feel a joy
Akin to rapture, when the bauble finds
Its destin'd goal.

A'LABASTER, n.

Prior. Alma, c. 2.

Cowper. Task, b. vi.

Fr. Alabastre, Albastre; It. Alabastro; Sp. Alabastro; Lat. Alabastrum; Gr. Aλaßarтpov; perhaps from a and Aaßew; that which, says Vossius, we cannot hold, or which has no handles (λaßai).

Alabaster was chiefly used for boxes to contain ointments, and these are described by Pliny to have been shaped like pears.

A womman cam that hadde a boxe of alabastre of preciouse oynement spikenard, and whanne the boxe of alabastre was brokun sche helde it on his heed.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 14.

Ther cam a womā hauyng an alabaster boxe of oyntmēt, called Narde, that was pure and costly: & she brake the boxe & poured it on his heed.-Bible, 1539. Ib.

And northward, in a touret on the wall,
Of alabastre white and red corall
An oratorie riche for to see,

In worship of Diane of chastitee,
Hath Theseus don wrought in noble wise."

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1904.

ALA'CRIOUSLY.

Prior. Solomon, b. iii. Fr. Alaigreté, Alaigresse; It. Alacrità; Sp. Alegria; Lat. Alacritas, Alacris.

Vossius prefers the etyAlacris, from Adakрus, non Without sadness, dullness, hea

ALA'CRIOUSNESS. mology of Donatus; tristis, not sad. viness; i. e. with

Cheerfulness, liveliness, readiness.

For as the holy doctor saint Chrisostome saithe, thoughe pain be grieuous for the nature of ye afliccion, yet it is pleasaunte by the alacritie and quick mind of them that willyngly suffer it.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 75.

The rogues slighted me into the riuer with as little remorse as they would have drown'de a blinde bitches puppies, fifteene in the litter: and you may know by my size that I haue a kind of alacrity of sinking. Shakespeare. Merry Wives, Act iii. sc. 5.

Only t'were well, if we were a little more alacrious, and exact in the performance of the duty, and more care taken in the distribution.-Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 550.

To infuse some life, some alacriousness into you, I shall descend to the more sensitive, quickening, enlivening part of the text.-Id. Sermons.

Epaminondes alacriously expired, in confidence that he left behind him a perpetual memory of the victories he had atchieved for his country.-Government of the Tongue.

Satan staid not to reply.

But glad that now his sea should find a shore,
With fresh alacrity, and force renewed,
Springs upward, like a pyramid of fire,

Into the wild expanse.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

Whom would not the sight of such a forerunner animate and quicken in his course; who, by running in the straight way of righteousness with alacrity and constancy, hath obtained himself a most glorious crown? Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 42.

The mind of man has naturally a far greater alacrity and satisfaction in tracing resemblances than in searching for differences.-Burke. Sublime and Beautiful.

He made his shippe a lond for to sette
And in that ile halfe a day he lette
And said that on the lond he must him rest.

Chaucer. The Legend of Ariadne.

Thei sailen, till thei come a londe
At Tharse nygh to the citee.-Gower. Con. A. b. viii.

Going aland with the choicest and best armed men he had, he [Alubrades] approached the walls of the city, without any manner of noise, and left order with them that remained in the ships, that in the mean season they should row with all force into the haven, with as great cries and shouts as might be, to fear and trouble the enemies. North. Plutarch, p. 179. Three more fierce Eurus, in his angry mood, Dash'd on the shallow of the moving sand, And in mid ocean left them moor'd aland.

Dryden. Eneid, b. i.

ALARGED. Given largely, says Tyrwhitt. See ENLARGE.

A ghe corynthis, oure mouth is open to ghou oure herte is alargid ghe ben not angwischid in us, but ghe ben angwischid in ghoure ynwardness and I seie as to sones, ghe that han the same reward, be ghe alargid.-Wiclif. 2 Corinth. c. 6.

O ye Corinthians, oure mouth is open vn to you oure hert is made large; ye are in no strayte in vs but are in a strayte in youre awne bowelles; I promise vnto you lyke reward, as unto children. Set yourselves at large. Bible, 1539. Ib.

Though she [nature] would all her conning spend
That to beautie might auaile

It were but paine and lost trauaile
Such part in their natiuitie

Was then alarged of beauty.-Chaucer. Dreame.
Fr. Alarme; Sp. Alarma;
It. All' armé. To arms.

ALARM, v. ALARM, N. ALARMING.

ALARMINGLY.

ALARMIST.

ALA'RUM, U.

ALA'RUM, n.

To sound to arms; to summon to arms; or to be ready, prepared in arms; for defence: and thus, generally—

To give notice of danger; to disquiet, to disturb, to cause or excite, or fill with apprehensions.

Ne Turnus sluggish sloth doth stay, but fierce with speed he bends

Gainst Troians all his power, and on the shore afront them tends.

They blow alarme.-Phaer. Eneidos, b. x.

On the one side, Satan alarmed, Collecting all his might dilated stood,

Like Teneriff or Atlas unremov'd.-Milton. Par. L. b. iv.

By proof we feel

Our power sufficient to disturb his heaven,
And with perpetual inroads to alarm,
Though inaccessible, his fatal throne:
Which, if not victory, is yet revenge.-Id. Ib. b. ii.

This sayd, he runs downe with as great a noyse and showting as he could, crying al'arme, help help citizens, the castle is taken by the enemie, come away to defense. Holland. Livy, p. 331.

And when he saw my best alarum'd spirits,
Bold in the quarrel's right, rous'd to the encounter,
Or whether gasted by the noyse I made,
Full sudainly he fled.-Shakespeare. Lear, Act ii. sc. 1.
Now are our browes bound with victorious wreathes,
Our bruised armes hung up for monuments,
Our stern alarums, chang'd to merry meetings,
Our dreadful marches, to delightful measures.

Id. Rich. III. Act i. sc. 1.

The gentry living in this county, in the confines of Scotland, in the wind of war (daily alarumed with their blustering enemies), buckle their estates (as their armour) the closer unto them; and since have no less thriftily defended their patrimony in peace, then formerly they valiantly maintained it in war.-Fuller. Worthies. Of Northumberland.

A sudden horror seized his giddy head,
And his ears tinkled, and his colour fled;
Nature was in alarm; some danger nigh
Seem'd threat'ned, though unseen to mortal eye.
Dryden. Theodore & Honoria.

All men think all men mortal but themselves; Themselves, when some alarming shock of fate, Strikes through their wounded hearts the sudden dread. Young, Night 1. Not only the scenery is defaced, and the out-works of the ruin violently torn away; the main body of the ruin itself is, at this very time, under the alarming hand of decoration.

ALA'S, inter.

ALLA'CE.

ALLA'KE.

ALA'CK.

wearied.

Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes.

D. Eylaes; Fr. Hélas; It. Ahi lasso; which, Menage thinks, are the interjection, Ah, and the Latin, Lassus,

An exclamation of weariness, disappointment, sorrow, compassion.

He loked on her vgly leper's face,
The whiche before was white as lely flour,
Wringing his hands, oft times saied alace
That he had liued to see that wofull hour.

Chaucer. Complaint of Creseide.

For than he woll his hope reherse,
As though his worlde were all forlore,
And saith, alas that I was bore
How shall I liue? how shall I do?
For nowe fortune is thus my fo.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
Alas, my father there, my only ioy in care and wo,
Anchises I do lose (alas) he there departs me fro.
Phaer. Eneidos, b. iii.

Alas! what boots it with incessant care
To tend the homely, slighted shepherd's trade,
And strictly meditate the thankless muse?-Milton. Lyc.

But why, alas, do mortal men in vain

Of fortune, fate, or providence, complain?
God gives us what he knows our wants require,
And better things than those which we desire.
Dryden. Palamon & Arcile.

Alas, regardless of their doom,
The little victims play,

No sense have they of ills to come,
Nor care, beyond to-day.-Gray. Eton College.

ALATE. See LATE.

Lately, not far back, not long since, or ago.

Sej.

-What news from Agrippinas?

Pors. Faith, none. They all lock themselves up alale, Or talk in character, I have not seene

A company so chang'd.-B. Jonson. Sejanus, Act ii.

Tyll that I came unto a ryall gate,

Where I sawe stondynge the goodly portres,
Whyche axed me, from whence I came a-late.

Hawes. The Tower of Doctrine, 1505. In Percy.
Al be it. Be all. Be it all.

ALBE'.
ALBE'IT.
Saturne anon, to stenten strif and drede
Al be it that it is again his kind,
Of all this strif he gan a remedy find.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2441.

And daily hee his wrongs encreaseth more ;
For neuer weight he lets to passe that way,
Ouer his bridge, albee he rich or poore,
But he him makes his passage-penny pay.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2.
Jess. Who are you, tell me for more certainty,
Albeit I'll sweare that I do know your tongue.
Lor. Lorenzo, and thy loue.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act i Of one whose subdued eyes, Albeit vnvs'd to the melting moode, Drops teares as fast as the Arabian trees Their medicinable gumm.-Id. Othello, Act v. Albeit the world think Machiavel is dead, Yet was his soul but flown beyond the Alps, And, now the Guise is dead, is come from France, To view this land and frolic with his friends.

And Moses brought Aaron & hys sonnes and wasshed them with water and put upon him an albe, & girded him wt a girdle-Bible. 1539. Lev. c. 8.

When he [Brian Walton] enter'd the body of the cathedral church, Dr. Henry Bridgman, the dean, and all the members of the cathedral, habited in their albes, received a blessing from his Lordship, sung Te Deum, and so compassing the choir in manner of procession, conveyed him to his chair.-Wood. Fasti Oxon.

ALBIFICATION, album facere, to make

white.

Our lampes brenning bothe night and day
To bring about our craft, if that we may
Our fourneis eke of calcination

And of wateres albification..
Unslekked lime, &c.

Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,273. Lat. ALBUGINEOUS. Į Fr. Albugineux; ALBU GINOUS. Albugo, from albus, white, applied to a white speck in the eye. Albugineous appears to be applied, by physical writers, to that which approaches to white.

I was fetched, and opened it by incision, giving vent first to an albugineous, then to a white concocted matter: upon which the tumour sunk.

Wiseman. Chirurgical Treatises, b. iv. c. 4. p. 476. That, saith Aristotle, which is not watery and unprolifical will not conglaciate; which perhaps must not be taken strictly; but in the germ and spirited particles: for eggs I observe will freeze in the albuginous part thereof. Browne. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1. Fr. Alquemie, Alchimie; It. Alchimia; Sp. Alquimia; Low. Lat. Alchimia, perhaps from χύμα; XEVEL, to pour: for he (says Vossius) who pours infuses or mixes metals changes them, and con See CHYMIST.

And besides this they [the French] write in Alexandrins, or verses of six feet, such as amongst us is the old translation of Homer by Chapman; all which by lengthning of their chain makes the sphere of their activity the larger.

Dryden. Preface to Annus Mirabilis.

Then at the last and only couplet fraught With some unmeaning thing they call a thought, A needless Alexandrine ends the song, That like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope. Essay on Criticism. ALGATES. A. S. Al-geats. All manner A'LGETE. of ways, altogether, (Somner.) Skinner composes it of All, and gate (i. e. way). When used adversatively by Chaucer, supposed by Tooke to mean all-get; get is sometimes spelled by Chaucer, geate.

Alfrede was eldest, non mot his wille withhald To London he wild allegate to speke with kyng Harald." R. Brunne, p. 52. Bot the most partie algate was slayn, That with life fled I trowe thei were fulle fayn.-1d. p. 31. Bifore alle thingis haue ye charite ech to othire in yousilff algatis lastinge, for charite keuerith the multitude of synnes. Wiclif. 1 Peter, c. 4.

Algates by sleight or by violence

Fro yere to yere I win all my dispence;
I can no better tellen faithfully.

Chaucer. Freres Tale, v. 7013.

He wolde, algate, his trouth holde,
As euery knight thereto is holde,
What hap soeuer him is befall.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.
And forth he fares, full of malicious mynd,
To worken mischiefe, and avenging woe,
Whereever he that godly knight may fynd,
His onely hart-sore and his onely foe;
Sith Una now he algates must forgoe.

A'LGEBRA. ALGEBRAICK. ALGEBRA'ICAL.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 1.

Fr. Algébre; It. Algebra; Sp. Algebra. Menage supposes the word to come from the Arabic, Algiabaral, which signifies rei redintegratio; the restoration of any thing. It was called by Sir Isaac Newton, universal arithmetick: it is also variously denominated: the science which teaches the general properties and relations of numbers; the science of computing by symbols; the science that comprehends in general all the cases which can exist in the doctrine and calculation of numbers; in distinction from Arithmetick, which extends only to certain methods of calculation occurring in common practice.

ALIEN, v. A'LIEN, n. A'LIEN, adj. ALIENABLE, ALIENATE, V. A'LIENATE, n. A'LIENATE, adj. ALIENATION.

ALIENATOR.

Fr. Aliené, Aliéner; It. Alieno, Alienare; Sp. Alienar; Lat. Alienus, alius. Another.

To give, sell, or otherwise convey from one to another. -An alien (written by old writers, alyaunt) is one from another country; a foreigner; a stranger.

To alienate (met.) is to estrange, to remove from, to withhold from; to put away, or part from.

For if I were of lond, the werre suld sone bigynne,
Aliens suld sone fond, our heritage to wynne.

R. Brunne, p. 141. Symound, what seemith to thee? kyngis of erthe of whom taken thei tribute, of her sones either of aliens? And he seide, of aliens.-Wiclif. Math. c. 17.

And for this they prouided, that if any more wer aliened into the church, or into any maner of mortmayn, ye king or any other lorde mediate or immediate, that might take losse thereby, might enter therinto.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 333. And alienat not thy mynde awaye frō us beynge offended with our trespasses, but for thy clemency and mekenes, pardon our offenses, which we comyt thorough infirmitie and weakenes.-Udal. Math. c. 6.

Lykewyse the dutie of the naturall loue must be perfourmed to the parent if he haue nede though he be an hethen, and alienat from the ghospel.-Id. Ib. c. 10.

If any thynge be aliened awaye by the kynges of Englade in tyme past, wherby the sayde countie and purtenaunces haue ben holden by other persones than by the frenche kynges, our said brother nor his successours shall nat be boude to rendre them to vs; but if the sayde alienacions haue ben don by the frenche kynges, &c.

Berners. Froissart. Chron. vol. i. c. 212. The lord had forbidden to alien their inheritance. Hall. Contemp. Ahab and Naboth.

The politick Earl of Kent, Godwyn, finding this weakness in the King [Hardicanute], began to think himself of aspiring; and to make the better way for it he sought by all means to alien the subjects' heart from the Prince.

Baker. Chronicie. Danish Kings.

It is enacted in the lawes of Venice,
If it be proued against an alien,
That by direct or indirect attempts
He seeke the life of any citizen,
The party gainst the which he doth contriue,
Shall seaze one halfe his goods.

Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act iv. sc. 1.
Thou strong retreat! thou sure entail'd estate,
Which nought has power to alienate.
Thou pleasant, honest flatterer ! for none
Flatter unhappy men but thou [Hope] alone.

Cowley. Poem for Hope.

O alienate from God, O spirit accurs'd, Forsaken of all good! see thy fall Determin'd, and thy hapless crew involv'd In this perfidious fraud.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. There are laws in Scotland, loosely worded, that make it capital to spread lies of the king or his government, or to alienate his subject from him.-Burnet. Own Time, b. i.

Alien, misplaced, ambitious ornaments, no doubt are every where disgusting: but in the grand entrance of a house, they should particularly be avoided. Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. In examining the nature of alienation, let us first inquire briefly, who may aliene, and to whom; and then, more largely, how a man may aliene, or the several modes of conveyance.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 19.

It is notorious, that many popish bishops were no less alienators of their episcopal endowments, than many other bishops of the Protestant church proved afterwards, in the reigns of Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth. T. Warton. Life of Sir T. Pope. ALIGHT. A. S. Alightan, lightan; to alight, to light; to descend from a horse or carriage, says Junius, perhaps, because this is no other than to lighten a carriage or horse of its burden: and then used, generally

To come down, to descend, to fall upon, to dismount.

Kyng Henry in the senethe ger of hys crounyng,
And enlene hondered ger and seuene of our Lorde alygtyn.
R. Gloucester, p. 430.
Ac as sone so the Samaritan hadde sighte of that syke
He alyghte a non of lyarde.-Piers Plouhman, p. 324.
But now is time to you for to telle,
How that we baren us that ilke night,
Whan we were in that hostelrie alight.-Chaucer. Prolog.
Achilles vpon hym alight,

And wolde anone, as he well might,
Haue slain him fulliche in the place.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
Cutting betwixt the windes and Lybian landes,
From his graundfather by the mothers side
Cyllene's child so came, and then alight
Upon the houses with his winged feete.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv.
Mean while upon the firm opacous globe
Of this round world, whose first convex divides
The luminous inferiour orbs, enclos'd
From chaos, and the inroad of darkness old,
Satan alighted walks.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iii.

Sir Roger rode forward, and alighting, took up the hare in his arms; which he soon after delivered up to one of his servants with an order, if she could be kept alive, to let her go in his great orchard.-Spectator, No. 116.

On horseback it was impossible; and when we had alighted, we stood hesitating on the brink, whether it were prudent, even on foot, to attempt so dangerous a march. Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes. To light, or enlighten; to kindle, See LIGHT.

ALIGHT. to set fire to.

And for to speaken ouer this,
In this parte of the aire it is,
That men full ofte sene by night

The fire in sondre forme alight.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.
The next morow, with Phoebus laump, the earth
Alighted clere; and eke the dawning day
The shadowes dark gan from the poale remoue.
Surrey. Eneis, b. iv.

The officer having by this time alighted his lamp, entered into the room to see him whom he accounted to be dead. Shelton. Don Quixote. See

ALIKE. In like; similar, resembling.

LIKE.

Prudence is goodly wisedome in knowinge of thynges.
Strength voydeth al aduersitees aliche euen.
Chaucer. Test. of Love, b. iii.

For to the reason if we see
Of mans byrthe the measure,
It is so common to nature,
That it yeueth euery man aliche

As well to the poore as to the riche.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. This ought in no wise to hinder our concorde, yt the giftes of god be not al after one sorte, nor al alike appearing in al men no more tha we see the mébres of the body not agre, or to be racked one fro an other, because they be not indifferently apt al to one vse, or fele al alike ye influence of ye head.-Udal. Ephesians, c. 4.

Hope! whose weak being ruin'd is,
Alike, if it succeed, and if it miss ;
Whom good or ill does equally confound;
And both the horns of Fate's dilemma wound.

Cowley. Poem against Hope.

Who finds not Providence all good and wise,
Alike in what it gives and what denies?

Pope. Essay on Man, Epist. 1.
The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,
Await alike th' inevitable hour;

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.-Gray. Elegy.

A'LIMENT. ALIMENTAL. ALIMENTALLY. ALIMENTARY. ALIMENTATION. A'LIMONY. ALIMONIOUS.

Fr. Alimenter; It. Alimen tare; Sp. Alimentar; Lat. Alimentum, from alere, alitum, to nourish. Vossius hesitates to pronounce from the Gr. Aλea, warmth.

Nourishment; that which nourishes, cherishes, or supports, life, health. See the quotation from Blackstone.

It helpeth both in medicine and aliment, to change and not to continue the same medicine and aliment still. Bacon. Natural History, § 67.

The sun that light imparts to all, receives
From all his alimental recompence

In humid exhalations, and at even

Sups with the ocean.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. Plants are nourished, but inanimate bodies are not: the latter have an accretion, but no alimentation.

Bacon. Natural History, § 607.

The air, at least that part of it which is the aliment of fire and fuel of the vital flame in animals, easily penetrates the body of water exposed to it, and diffuseth itself through every part of it.-Ray. On the Creation.

I do not think that water supplies man, and other animals, or even plants themselves, with their nourishment, but serves chiefly for a vehicle to the alimentary particles, to convey and distribute them to the several parts of the body.-Id. Ib.

We affirm, that the substance of gold is invincible by the powerfullest action of natural heat and that not only alimentally in a substantial mutation, but also medica mentally in a corporeal conversion.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5 Plethora renders us lean, by suppressing our spirits whereby they are incapacitated of digesting the alimonivu. humours into flesh.-Harvey. On Consumptions.

Every animal has an aliment peculiarly suited to it constitution. The heavy ox seeks nourishment from earth the light camelion has been supposed to subsist on air. Goldsmith. On Polite Learning

In case of divorce, a mensa et thoro, the law allows alimon to the wife which is that allowance, which is made to woman for her support out of the husband's estate. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 15

The bisshop of Canterbire in common alle o liche
Schewed it in ilk schire, all his bisshop riche.
R. Brunne, p. 301.

No man, ne beast, might thriue.-Gower. Con. A. D.

-My Shakspeare!

Thou art a monument without a tomb,

Thou art alive still, while thy book doth live,
And we have wits to read, and praise to give.

Ben Jonson. To the Memory of Shakespeare.

If it comes in question, whether a plant, that lies ready firmed in the seed, have life: whether the embryo in an ezz bedere incubation, or a man in a swoon without sense or ta, be alive or no; it is easy to perceive that a clear stinct settled idea does not always accompany the use of known a word as that of life is.

Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 10.

Ha soul, where moral truth spontaneous grew,
No ruity wish, no cruel passion knew;

Though tremblingly alice to nature's laws,

Yet ever firm to honour's sacred cause.

ALKALL ALKALE'SCENT. ALKALINE.

Falconer. Shipwreck.

The word Alkali comes from an herb, called by the Egyptians, Kali. This herb they burnt to ashes, boiled them in water; and after having evaporated the water, there reuned at the bottom a white salt: this they called Sal Keli or Alkali. It is corrosive, prodang putrefaction in animal substances, to which it is applied.—Arbuthnot. Explanation of Chraical Terms.

Substances which are not perfectly alkaline, but naturally tura so, I call elkalescent.-Id. Ib.

of an aikalertent nature.

ALLA'Y,

v.

Allay is alegge, (qv.) the softened into y, from the A. S. Alecgan, to lay, to lay down.

ALLA'Y, n. ALLA'YER. ALLA'YMENT. To lay down, to put to rest, ALLO'Y. to ease, to quiet, to soothe, to tranquillize, to calm, to abate, or diminish, strength or violence; to assuage, to mitigate. Alloy, formerly written Allay.

For if that they were put to swiche assayes,
The gold of hem hath now so bad alayes
With bras, that though the coine be faire at eye,
It wolde rather brast atwo than plie.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 9043.

If he no lusty thought assaye,
Whiche maye his sory thurst alaye,
As for the tyme yet it lesseth

To hym, whichè other ioye misseth.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

The tempest was imputed vnto hym [Jonas], and to the entente leste all the coumpaignie shoulde perishe, he was headlong toumbled into the sea, to the ende that by the losse of him beeyng but on man, the tempeste myght be alayed, whereas otherwyse it threatened deathe vnto al the coumpanye.-Udal. Luke, c. 24.

When flowing cups run swiftly round
With no allaying Thames,

Our careless heads with roses bound,
Our hearts with loyal flames.

Lovelace. To Althea.

If by your art (my deerest father) you have
Put the wild waters in this roar, alay them.
Shakespeare. Tempest, Act i. sc. 2.
But thou'lt say
There were some pieces of as base allay
And as false stamp there, parcels of a play,
Fitter to see the fire-light, than the day:
Adultrate monies, such as would not go.

B. Jonson. On Vulcan.
How can I moderate it?
If I could temporise with my affection,
Or brew it to a weak and colder pallat,
The like alaiment could I give my grief;
My loue admits no qualifying cross;
No more my griefe, in such a precious loss.

Shakespeare. Troil. & Cress. Act iv. sc. 1.
Gold incorporates with copper in any proportion, the com-
mon allay: gold incorporates with tin, the ancient allay.
Bacon. Physiol. Rem.

It follows, that all animal diet is alkalescent, or anti-acid. Id. Ib. It the dumb cane] grows wild in the mountains, and, by se in sugar-making, should seem to be somewhat Grainger. Sugar-Cane, b. iii. (Note on v. 375.) ALL, A. S. El, eal, ealle, alle. The AL, etymology of this word is ALL, ed. settled. In A. S. hal is whole formerly written hole, without the w.) Between al and hel the difference is so slight, and the application of the two words is so generally alike, metal. Alloy is baser metal mixed with it. that there are fair grounds for supposing them to be the same word.

See WHOLE.

un

All is very commonly prefixed to other words. (See HYPES.) It is used to denote

Entirety, totality; the whole in number or magnitude. See ALSO.

What shalde I you reherse în special
Here high malice? she is a shrew at all.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Prol. v. 9096.

He sent for alle the kynges, fro Berwik vnto Kent, & thei with fulle gode wille alle vnto him went. R. Brunne, p. 19.

And who ever wole be the firste among you schal be servann: of alle.—Waciif. Mark, c. 10.

And whosoever wylbe chefe, shalbe seruaŭt of all.

Bible, 1539. Ib.

For whan her housebande forsoke a right woorshipful Take win it was offred hym, she fel in hand with hym be trade mel and all to rated him.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1224.

Heaven doth with vs, as we, with torches doe;
Not light them for themselues: For if our vertues
not que forth of vs, 'twere all alike

As if we had them not-Shakes. Meas. for Meas. Act i.
Theological truths are so much more precious than all
Then, by how much divine knowledge is more excellent
225. 64 human arts and sciences whatsoever.
Bp. Hail. Peace Maker.

And even at hand, a drumme is readie brac'd,
The shall reuerberate all as lowd as thine.
Sad but another, and another shall
And as thine) rattle the welkin's eare,
And mocke the deepe mouth'd thunder.

Shakespeare. King John, Act v. sc. 2.

Te was of men, with just regard attend,
Oer the preacher, and believe the friend,

sers muse inspires him to explain,
That sal ve act, and all we think, is vain.

Prior. Solomon. Knowledge.

If any thing, sin, and our unworthy miscarriages toward God, should vex and discompose us: yet this trouble, Wisdom, by representing the divine goodness, and his tender mercies in our ever-blessed Redeemer, doth perfectly allay. Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 1.

Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser Locke. Works, vol. ii. Further Considerations. Phlegm and pure blood are reputed allayers of acrimony. Harvey. On Consumptions.

Yet leave me not! I would allay that grief, Which else might thy young virtue overpower, And in thy converse I shall find relief When the dark shades of melancholy lower. Beattie. Minstrel, b. ii. Gentle stroking with a smooth hand allays violent pains and cramps, and relaxes the suffering parts from their unnatural tension.-Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful. I will purge in the furnace thy dross; And I will remove all thine alloy.

to.

ALLE CT. ALLECTIVE, n. ALLE'CTIVE, adj. ALLICIENT. ALLICIENCY.

Lowth. Isaiah. Prelim. Diss. Fr. Allecher, Allicher; It. Allettare; Sp. Halagar; Lat. Allectare, Allectum, past part. of Allicere, (Ad-laciere, of unknown etymology;) to draw

To attract, to allure, to entice. See Sir T. More in v. Allure.

Consider what is root and ground
Of thy mischief, which is plainly found
Woman farced with fraud and deceipt
To thy confusion most allectiue baite.

Chaucer. The Remedie of Loue. To be the stronger in the setting furth their feate, thei, what wyth rewardes and faire promises, and what wyth declaration of great enormyties, committed by the kynga counsailors, gainst the common wealth, allected and allured to them, lustye bachelars, and actiue persons, of a great numbre.-Hall. Henry VI. an. 30.

And allected with the swetness of spoyle and prayes, they wasted al the countrey of Northumberlaäd. Id. Henry VII an. 11. But among all thinges, the very deadly pestilece is this: to be couersaut daie and night among them, whose life is

ALLEGE.
ALLEGA'TION.
ALLE GEABLE.
ALLE GEMENT.
ALLE GER.

tion. See LAW.

Fr. Alléguer; It. Allegare; Sp. Alegar: as well as Alege, and Allay, from the A.S. Alecgan, to lay down; and differing only in the applica

Allege is written aleyde by Gower, and others. To lay down-an opinion, argument, reason, assertion; and, consequentially

To assert, to affirm, to declare.

I wene the kyng alegid, thei were of his tresour.

R. Brunne, 247. Thei wollen a leggen al so, and by the godspel preoven hit Nolite judicare quenquam.-Piers Plouhman, p. 202.

Justinus, which that hated his folie,
Answerd anon right in his japerie;
And for he wold his longe tale abrege,
He wolde non auctoritee allege.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9532.

And eke this noble duke aleyde

Full many an other skill, and seide,

She had well deserued wreche.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii.

Alway that parte semeth to be beleued whiche best & most clerely can alledge the scripture for their oppinion. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 167.

Sathan vpon the pynnacle of the temple neuer bestowed his alleged scripture more peruersely, than thys Momus interpreted certayne of my allegacions, nor yet farther from their right vnderstanding.-Bale. Image of both Churches.

Law and reason serueth, that the passing ouer of time not commodious to the purpose, is not allegeable in prescripcion for the losse of any right.-Grafton. Henry VIII. an. 34.

Courageous chief!
The first in flight from pain! hadst thou alley'd
To thy deserted host this cause of flight,
Thou surely hadst not come sole fugitive.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.
But if thou shalt alledge through pride of mind,
Thy blood with one of base condition join'd,
"Tis false; for 'tis not baseness to be poor;
His poverty augments thy crime the more.

Dryden. Sigismonda & Guiscardo. But notwithstanding this allegation in their behalf, all other copies and translations of the Pentateuch make against them [the Samaritans], and prove the corruption to be on their side.-Prideaux. Connections, b. vi. p. Ï.

And thus I have done with the first of the three propositions drawn from the words, viz. The exceeding great difficulty of men's believing a resurrection. And that, both by proving that actually it is so, from the most authentick examples alledgeable in the case, and by assigning withal the reasons and causes why it came to be so.

South, vol. iv. Ser. 6. The narrative, if we believe it as confidently as the famous alleger of it, Pamphilio, appears to do, would argue, that there is no other principle requisite, than what may result from the lucky mixture of several bodies.-Boyle.

They come to Saul with many complaints and allegements.
Sanderson. Sermons, p. 636.

Then by libel, libellus, a little book, or by articles drawn out in a formal allegation, set forth the complainant's ground of complaint.-Blackstone. Commentaries. b. iii. c. 7.

ALLEGIANCE, n. Į Lat. Alligare, Ad-ligare to bind to.

ALLE GIANT.

Applied (Skinner) "to the tie or bond of fidelity, by which we, who are subjects, are bound to our See ALLY. prince."

Applied to

Any tie, or bond of duty, or good faith.

In this passe tyme, Robert duke of Normandy, moued in concyence to vysyte the holy sepulture of our Lorde, called before hym his lordes of his lande, wyllynge & comaundynge theym to owe theyr trewe allegeaunce vnto his yonge sone, Wyllyam; & to take hym for theyr lorde & duke, if he retourne nat agayne.-Fabyan, c. 207.