CREEK, v.

CREEK, n.
CRE/EKY.

spot.

Minshew thinks from the verb, to creak, from the noise made by the waters in so confined a

Skinner prefers the Ger. Kriechen, repere, serpere, to creep, to crawl; quia, (sc.) mare seu fluvius inter littus proserpit, eique se ingerit. Minshew calls it

A nook or corner in a haven or river.

It is probably the same word as Crook, (qv.)

He knew wel alle the havens, as they were,
Fro Gotland, to the Cape de Finestere,
And every creke in Bretagne and in Spaine:
His barge ycleped was the Magdelaine.

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 411.

But when they could not get into the creeke, as they had purposed, but by violence of the wyndes wer driue into a place yt hong a great way into the sea, there they pytched in the ship.-Udal. Acts, c. 27.

As streams, which with their winding banks do play,
Stopp'd by their creeks, run softly through the plain,
So in th' ear's labyrinth the voice doth stray,
And doth with easy motion touch the brain.

Davies. Immortality of the Soul.

Willibourne (by the old name the author calls her Willy) derived from near Selwood by Warminster, with her creeky passage crossing to Wilton naming both that town and the shire. Selden. Illust. of Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 3.

They are the subsidings of valleys or low lands, that make dents in the shore and creeks, small bays, and harbours, or little coves, &c. which afford good anchoring, the surface of the earth being there lodged deep under water. Dampier. Voyage, an. 1687.

When the master returned, he reported that there was no passage into the lake by the creek which was fifty fathoms wide at the entrance, and thirty deep; farther in, thirty wide and twelve deep; that the bottom was every where rocky, and the sides bounded by a wall of coral rocks.

CREEP, v.
CREEPER.

CRE EPINGLY.

Cook. Voyage, vol. iii. b. ii. c. 11.

A. S. Creopan; Dut. Kruypen, repere; applied to the slow motion of a short-legged animal, as the lizard. See To CRAWL, from which, (met.) it is scarcely distinguishable.

To move with a slow and low pace, sluggishly, lazily, lurkingly.

So thycke hii come, that the lond ouer al hii gonne fulle, As thycke as ameten [i. e. emmets] crepeth in an amete hulle.-R. Gloucester, p. 296.

Into which I lookyng biheelde and sighe foure footid beestis of the erthe and beestis and crepinge beestis and volatilis of heuene.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 11.

To-morowe at night, whan men ben all aslepe,
Into our kneding tubbes wol we crepe
And sitten ther, abiding Goddes grace.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3594.

Amonge thy plaining wordes, me thought thou allegests thinges to be letting of thine helping, and thy grace to hinder, wherthrough me thinketh that wanhope is crope through thine herte.-Id. The Testament of Loue, b. i.

Yee that in waters glide, and yee that walk
The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep;
Witness if I be silent, morn or even,

To hill, or valley, fountain, or fresh shade
Made vocal by my song, and taught his praise.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v.

For many a time the fishers twitch up their hookes, and see a number of these skippers and creepers settled thicke about their baits which they laid for fishes.

Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 47. The soul of a righteous man is vexed and afflicted with the inroads of his unavoidable calamities, the armies of Egypt, the lice and flies, his insinuating creeping infirmities.

Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 3. s. 3.

Sad Cupid now despairs of conquering hearts,
Throws by his empty quiver, breaks his darts;
Eases his useless bows from idle strings
Nor flies, but humbly creeps with flagging wings.
Stepney. Elegy upon the Death of Tibullus.

We see, that as fish do live in the waters, (salt and fresh) so do many animals live in the earth, or under ground; not only worms and serpents, toads, frogs, and effs, but an innumerable host of creepers.-Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 382.

How slily and creepingly did he address himself to our first parents! which surely his pride would never have let him do, could he have effected their downfall by force, without temptation.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 4.

The entrance is made indifferently in the end or side, and is an oblong hole, so low, that one must rather creep than walk in.-Cook. Voyage, vol. vi. b. iii. c. 12.

He has made apertures to take in more or less light as the observer pleases, by opening and shutting like the eye, the better to fit glasses to crepusculine observations.

Sprat. History of the Royal Society, p. 314.

And if we consider the magnalities of generation in some things, we shall not controvert its possibilities in others: not easily question that great work whose wonders are only second unto those of the creation, and a close apprehension of the one might perhaps afford a glimmering light, and crepusculous glance of the other.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 2. The beginnings of philosophy were in a crepusculous obscurity; and its yet scarse past the dawn.

Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 19.

CRESCENT, adj. CRESCENT, n. CRESCENT, v. CRE'SCENCE. CRE'SCIVE.

Fr. Croistre," croissant; It. Crescere, crescente; Sp. Crecer,creciente; Lat. Crescens, pres. part. of cresc ere, to grow, (perhaps

creas-ere, from cre-are.) Growing, enlarging. The noun is applied to the moon in her state of growth, till she shows one half of her enlightened side; to any thing formed or shaped like the moon in that state of growth. The Christian crew came on in forme of battayle pight, And like a cressent cast themselues preparing for to fight. Gascoigne. Flowers.

This cressant was couered with frettes and knottes made of iue bushes and boxe braunches, and other thynges that longest would be green for pleasure.-Hall. Hen. VIII.an.12. As lusty youths of cresciue age doe flourishe freshe and grow.

Drant. Horace. The Arte of Poetry. With these in troop, Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians call'd Astarte, Queen of Heav'n, with crescent horns. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i. With these of Dartmouth, seven good ships there were, The golden crescent in their tops that bear.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.

And so the prince obscur'd his contemplation
Vnder the veyle of wildenesse, which (no doubt)
Grew like the summer grasse, fasteste by night,
Vnseene yet cressive in his facultie.

Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 1. And I doubt we shall never leave off the rank humour of adding even to the oracles of God, till the crescent sword makes us more humble, and more reasonable. Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 340.

For me imagination's power
Leads off insensibly my way,
To where, at midnight's silent hour,
The crescent moon's slow-westering ray
Pours full on Redcliff's lofty tow'r,

And gilds with yellow light its walls of grey.

The winds were pillow'd on the waves; The banners droop'd along their staves, And, as they fell around them furling, Above them shone the crescent curling.

Scott, Ode 21.

The litell people, whiche he brought
Was none of hem that he ne hath

A potte of erthe whiche he tath

A light brennying in a cresset.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii. The continuall light of lampes before the high aulters, the burninge cressettes at triumphes in the night. Bale. Image, pt. ii.

Than the knight retourned to therle as fast as he might, who was comyng out of his lodgynge a horsebacke with a great nobre of cressettes and lightes with hym, and was going to the market place.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c.400. That [se. the music of the nightingale] (with the repercussion of the air)

Shook the great eagle sitting in his chair,
Which from the mountain (with a radiant eye)
Brav'd the bright cressit of the glorious sky.

Drayton. The Man in the Moon.
From the arched roof
Pendant by subtle magic many a row
Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed
With naphtha and asphaltus, yielded light
As from a sky.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b.i.
CREST, v.
Fr. Creste; It. and Sp.
CREST, n.
Cresta; Lat. Crista; of un-
CRE'STED, adj. certain etymology. "Fr.
CRE'STLESS. Creste; a crest, cop, comb;
also a tuft or little plume, standing at the top of,"
(Cotgrave.) And see the example from Camden.

To crest, to wear a crest; to adorn with a crest; to serve for, stand in the place or stead of,

a crest.

And on his heed there stont vp right

A crest in token of a knight.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.
Turnus bright,

Displaies himself in armes, aboue all men with head vpright,

Whose triple crowned creast, and helmet hie, with vgly pawes

Chimera monster holdes, and sparkling flames she spoutes at iawes.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vii.

Ech one his hundred souldiers led Carnation creastid youth in burnisht goid gay glittering red.-Id. Ib. b. ix.

Like as the shining sky in summer's night, What time the dayes with scorching heat abound, Is creasted all with lines of firie light, That it prodigious seems in common people's sight. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 1. Cleo. His legges bestrid the ocean, his rear'd arme Crested the world.

Shakespeare. Anthony & Cleopatra, Act v. sc. 2. Creasts being the ornaments set on the eminent toppe of the healme, and called tymbres by the French, I know not why, were vsed auntiently to terrifie the enemy, and therefore were strange deuises or figures of terrible shapes.

Camden. Remaines. Armories.

The first Christians vsed no other blazon in their shields then the name of Christ, & a crosse for their creastWherevpon many yeares were these creasts arbitrarie, taken vp at euery man's pleasure, after they beganne to be hereditarie, and appropriated to families.-Id. Ib.

Much he [Papirius] spake also as touching the present preparation and magnificent furniture of the enemies, more brave & goodly for shew and ostentation, than effectual and of importance in the end: For they are not the plumed crest (quoth he) that give the deadly wounds, but the Romaines speare and launce it is, that is able to pierce their guilded and damasked shields.-Holland. Livivs, p. 381.

His grandfather was Lyonel Duke of Clarence,
Third sonne of the third Edward King of England:
Spring crestlesse yoemen from so deep a root?

Shakespeare. 1 Part Hen. VI. Act ii. sc. 4. Thus when the crest-faln Israelites were to be redeemed Aaron, Exod. 5, chide with their Saviours, abomine with from an Ægypt to a Canaan they cry out upon Moses and their deliverers.-Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 515.

And on both sides marched a double ranke of armed men, with targuets and crested helmets, sending raies and beames from them of brandishing light, wearing upon them fine habergeons.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 63.

The time shall come when Chanticleer shall wish
His words unsaid, and hate his boasted bliss:
The crested bird shall by experience know,
Jove made not him his master-piece below;
And learn the latter end of joy is woe.

Dryden. Cock & Fox.

Chaucer. The House of Fame, b. iii.

Because so laid, they are more apt in swagging down, to pierce with their points, than in the jacent posture, and so to crevice the wall.-Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 20.

As the pulse declareth how the heart doth worke, so the verye thoughts and cogitations of man's mind, be they good or bad, doe no where sooner bewray themselues, then through the creuesses of that wall, wherewith nature hath compassed the cells and closets of fancy.-Hooker. Eccl. Pol. b. v. § 65. I thought it no breach of good manners to peep at a crevise and look in at people so well employed; but who should I see there but the most artful procuress in the town,

examining a most beautiful country-girl, who had come up in the same waggon with my things.-Spectator, No. 266. Trickling through the crevic'd rock, Where the limpid stream distils, Sweet refreshment waits the flock When 'tis sun-drove from the hills.

Cunningham. Day, A Pastoral.

Eyeless a huge and starv'd toad sat
In corner murk aloof,

And many a snake and famish'd bat
Clung to the crevic'd roof.-Mickle, Ballad 3.

Enchanting novelty, that moon at full,
That finds out ev'ry crevice of the head,
That is not sound and perfect, hath in theirs
Wrought this disturbance.-Cowper. Task, b. vi.

CREW, n. Written by some of our old writers Crue, and said by Minshew, (in his first edition,) to be the Fr. Accrue, (or crue,) i. e. a growth, rising or augmentation. (See ACCREW.) Skinner prefers the Dut. Kroegh-en, cauponari, potare, inebriare; to carouse, to drink; and thus to denote,an assembly or company of drinking, or jovial fellows. In A. S. Cread, cruth, is a crew, or crowd. (See CROWD.) The word is applied to

A collected, mixed, number or assembly of persons; a crew of noble knights; a ship's crew. Aske Julius Cæsar if this tale be true,

The man that conquer'd all the world so wide, Whose onely worde commaunded all the crue Of Romayne knights at many a time and tide, Whose pompe was thought so great it could not glide. Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre.

If she be one of Cresid's crue

and swerue her former hest, No Lucrece must I tearme hir then, for that were but a iest.

Turberville. His Loue filled from wonted Troth. The king's owne troupe came next, a chosen crew, Of all the campe the strength, the crowne, the flowre, Wherein each soldiour had with honours dew Rewarded beene, for seruice ere that howre.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. xvii. s. 29.
Being sufficiently weary of this mad crew, we were will-
ing to give them the slip at any place from whence we might
hope to get a passage to an English factory.
Dampier. Voyage, an. 1687.

What passions reign among thy crew, Leontius?
Does cheerless diffidence oppress their hearts?
Or sprightly hope exalt their kindling spirits?
Do they with pain repress the struggling shout,
And listen eager to the rising wind.

Johnson. Irene, Act. ii. sc. 4.

CREWEL, n. Crewell or cruel. Skinner
Ca'WEL, adj.thinks from the Ger. Klawel,
Heel; Dut. Klowen, glomerare filum.
(See
CLEW.) And klawel, he believes to be a contrac-
tion, or corruption of the Lat. Globulus; Wachter

adds, or the Gr. KUKλew, volvere, to roll. It is the name of

A kind of fine worsted.

As a piece of arras is composed of severall parcels, some wroght of silke, some of gold, silver, crewell of divers colours, all to serve for the exornation of the whole.

Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 332.

And may Don Provost ride a feasting long
In his old velvet jirkin, and stain'd scarfes,
(My noble soveraigne, and worthy generall)
Ere we contribute a new crewell garter
To his most worsted worship.

B. Jonson. The Alchemist, Act i. sc. 1.

The rest whom fate had plac'd

In honest mediocrity, content

With base materials, sat on well-tann'd hides,
Obdurate and unyielding, glassy smooth,
With here and there a tuft of crimson yarn,

Or scarlet cruel in the cushion fix'd.-Cowper. Task. b. i.

CRIB, n. A. S. Crybbe; Dut. Krippe, krebbe; Ger. Krippe, kruppe. Somner explains A. S. Crybbe, a couch or bed, a stall or stable; a manger or cribbe. Junius says, he has never found the word in A. S. records, and thinks it was taken, in honorem beati salvatoris, from кpaßaros, lectus, a bed. Wachter considers the primitive to be Krippe, pecten, a comb; deriving its application from the form of the bars or lattice-work, within which the fodder was placed.

To cribb,-to put, place, enclose, confine, as in a cribb or any small place.

To cribb, is a common word for-to take, to steal, to purloin; and is probably formed from the verb to rive, or reave, with the prefix ce, (i. e. ke.)

See BRIBE.

Where no oxen are, there the cribbe is emptye: but where the oxen laboure there is muche frute. Bible, 1551. Prouerbs, c. 14. Let a beast be lord of beasts, and his crib shall stand at the king's messe-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 2.

Neuer to seeke after God, sauing onely when either the crib or the whip doth constraine, were brutish seruilitie. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. p. 288.

Far remote

From Mirth's mad shouts, that thro' th' illumin'd roof
Resound with festive echo, let me sit
Blest with the lowly cricket's drowsy dirge.

Warton. Pleasures of Melancholy.

As much as I delight in the honest country folks, they do now and then throw a pot of ale at my head, and sometimes an unlucky boy will drive his cricket-ball full in my face. Rambler, No. 30.

England, when once of peace and wealth possess'd,
Began to think frugality a jest,

So grew polite, hence all her well-bred heirs
Gamesters and jockies turn'd, and cricket players.
Jenyns. Horatii. Epist. 1. Lib. 2. imitated.

CRIME, n. CRIMEFUL. CRIMELESS. CRIMINAL, adj. CRIMINAL, n. CRIMINALITY. CRIMINALLY. CRIMINALNESS. CRIMINATE, V. CRIMINATION. CRIMINOUS. CRIMINOUSLY.. CRIMINOUSNESS.

Fr. Crime; It. Crimine; Sp. Crimen; Lat. Crimen. Quia, (says Vossius,) qui judicat, is litem separat, ac verum, a falso distinguit, hinc factum est, ut kpwvw, (i. e. dirimo, sejungo, separo,) secundario ponatur pro judicare, a quâ significatione est Græcum крiμа, pro judicio, et Latinum crimen pro delicto, quia ob crimen, aliquis judicatur ac damnatur. (See DISCRI MINATE.) For the common legal application, see the examples from Blackstone.

An act contrary to some law, human or divine; a failure in the performance of that which is ordered; an opposition or resistance to an offence against that which is ordered; a doing of that which is ordered not to be done: (sc.) ordered by human or divine authority.

Crime is also applied both to the cause, the source or origin, the temptation to the criminal act; and to the effect; the guilt, the infamy, the reproach.

Therfore he seide, thei that in ghou ben myghti come down togidre, and if ony cryme is in the man accuse thei hym.-Wielif. Dedis, c. 25.

I shal him tellen which a gret honour
It is to be a flatering limitour,

And eke of many another maner crime,
Which nedeth not rehersen at this time.

Chaucer. The Frere's Prologue, v. 6877.

Also thirdly it is agreed that whosoeuer of Prussia is determined criminally to propound his criminal complaints in England: namely that his brother or kinsman hath beene slaine, wounded, or maimed by Englishmen, the same partie is to repayre vnto the citie of London in England. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 151.

But go to the crib thou glutton, and there it will be found that when the charger is clean, yet nature's rules were not prevaricated; the beast eats up all his provisions because they are natural and simple: or if he leaves any, it is because he desires no more than till his needs be served. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 16. Will the tall steer, which knows no lord but me, Low at the crib, and ask an alms of thee? Young. On Part of the Book of Job. CRICK. Crick or creek in the neck, Junius CRICKET. thinks, is from the A. S. Cricce, (Eng. Crutch,) a staffe; because the neck of peared to be once forsworn, but also many other maner of one so afflicted is as stiff and immovable as a staff. Skinner, that it may be--to creak or crack, because the neck feels as if it would crack or burst asunder. In Sir John Davies, it seems to be no other than creek, (qv.) a nook or corner. Cricket, the insect,-certainly from the noise or sound it utters.

Cricket, the game,-from A. S. Cricce, a staff, (cricce, ce-ricce ;) with which the balls were struck. See RACKET.

The cryket by kynde of fur, [i. e. fire.]

Piers Plouhman, p. 255. Forsooth because it goeth as it were reculing backward, it pierceth and boreth an hole into the ground, and never ceaseth all night long to creake very shrill. They take a flie and lie it about the middest at the end of a long haire of one's head, and so put the said flie into the mouth of the cricket's hole; but first they blow the dust away with their mouth, for feare lest the flie should hide herselfe therein: the cricket spies the sillie flie, seaseth upon her presently, and claspeth her round, and so they are both drawne foorth together by the said haire.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxix. c. 6.

Of all their ways, I love Meander's path, Which to the tune of dying swans doth dance, Such winding slights, such turns and cricks he hath, Such creaks, such wrenches, and such dalliance. Davies. On Dancing. With water he giveth it for the dropsie; to those also that with a cricke or crampe have their necks drawne backward. Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 5.

A screech owl at midnight has alarmed a family more than a band of robbers; nay the voice of a cricket hath struck more terrour than the roaring of a lion.-Spectator, No. 7.

Consider also, good readers, that by the lawes afore made, there was not only foreboden to beare witnes, he that apcryminous persons, for the general presumpcion that they wer vnwoorthy credence.-Sir T. More. Workes. p. 1003.

Item, that an order may be taken for the bringing up of youth in good learning and vertue; and that the school masters of this realm may be Catholick men, and all other to be removed that are sacramentaries, or hereticks, or otherwise notable criminous persons-Burnet. Rec. b. ii. pt. ii. No. 16. Lower House of Convocation to the Upper.

Great God it planted in that blessed sted

With his almighty hand, and did it call

The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b.i. c. 2.
But tell me,

Why you proceeded not against these feates,
So crimefull, and so capitall in nature.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iv. sc. 7.

And had I twentie times so many foes,
And each of them had twentie times their power,
All these could not procure me any scathe
So long as I am loyall, true, and crimeless.

Id. 1 Part Hen. VI. Act ii. sc. 4.

The ends [of drink] are digestion of our meat, cheerfulness and refreshment of our spirits, or any end of health; besides which if we go at any time beyond it, it is inordinate, and criminal, it is the vice of drunkenness. Bp. Taylor. Holy Living, c. 1. s. 2.

The highest danger is not in every sin; offences and crimes must be distinguished carefully for the same severe impositions are not indifferently to be laid upon criminals, and those whose guilt is in such instances from which no man is free. Id. On Repentance, c. 3. s. 5.

Providing always, that this be not prejuditiall to the ordinary jurisdiction of judges; but that men may pursue their actions by order of law, civilly or criminally, as it pleaseth them.-Knox. History of Reformation, an. 1560.

It being no undertaking of ours to confess first, and then excuse our schism, or avert the criminalness of it.

Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 131.

As there is nothing that raises so deadly hostilitie as religion, so no criminations are so rife, or so haynous, as those which are mutually cast upon the abettors of contrary opinions.-Bp. Hall. Christian Moderation, b. ii. s. 10.

He perceived him to be more estranged than before time through the slaunders and criminous imputations which M. Lollivs, companion and governour to the saide Caivs, had put into his head.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 94.

For it seemed by their distemperature that it sounded very criminously on their trial, and therefore utterly denying all that was alledged, they protested themselves true and faithful subjects. State Trials. E. Campion and others, an. 1581.

And to this I that did not really adhear to that, will not be so far concerned in it, as to make any reply, or at all to endeavour to defend it, or to add of it further than this, that the bare possibility that it might so signifie, supersedes all demonstrativeness of proof from this text, for the criminousness of will-worship.-Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 178.

There are numberless little crimes which children take no notice of while they are doing, which, upon reflection when they shall themselves become fathers, they will look upon with the utmost sorrow and contrition, that they did not regard, before those whom they offended were to be no more seen.-Spectator, No. 263.

Suppose a civil magistrate should have a criminal brought before him, accused, for instance, of murder, burglary, or the like, and the fact is proved, would you not have him in that case to pronounce the sentence that the law has awarded to all such malefactors.-Sharp, vol. vi. Ser. 6.

Being accused in the House of Commons, though they thought not convenient to proceed against him criminally; yet upon this, and divers other considerations, they removed him.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 110.

There is a great deal of difference as to the criminalness of false persuasions upon this account; the same error which one person may hold very pardonably, may be extremely dangerous in other persons that have better parts, and have had a better education, and enjoy more opportunities of informing themselves right in those points.

Sharp, vol. iii. Ser. 16.

From the (not long since mentioned) frequent repetitions to be met with in the Scripture, and from the unusual method, wherein the author of it has thought fit, that the divine truths and precepts should be extant there, divers have been pleased to take occasion to criminate the Bible, as if, its bulk considered, it were but a barren book. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 283. The prophet Nathan scrupled not to deceive David, that

he might reclaim him, and surprise him into a confession of

the criminousness of his fault.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. p. 334.

A crime or misdemesnor, is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public law, either forbidding or commanding it. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 1.

The discussion and admeasurement of which (the general nature of crimes and their punishment,) forms in every country the code of criminal law.-Id. Ib.

When you have collected your audience, just at the moment when their minds are erect with expectation, let it be reported that a state criminal of high rank, is on the point of being executed in the adjoining square; in a moment the emptiness of the theatre would demonstrate the comparative weakness of the imitative arts, and proclaim the triumph of real sympathy.-Burke. Sublime and Beautiful, s. 15.

Lord Coke, the oracle of the English law, conforms to that general sense, where he says, that "those things which are of the highest criminality, may be of the least disgrace."

Id. Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol.

It is no slight authority which shall persuade us (by receiving as proofs of loyalty the mistaken principles lightly taken up in these addresses) obliquely to criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and reforming parliament. Id. Relative to the Speech from the Throne.

"To let your ladyship into a secret," said Mr. Barnet, "my brother Temple, although he is fond of fish, never will taste any thing that has been crimp'd alive; he insists upon it that all animals that are killed for our use, ought to be killed with the least pain possible, and for the same reason he will allow no eels at his table, but such as have not been skinn'd till they were dead.-Dr. Moore. Edward.

CRIMSON, v. CRIMSON, n. CRIMSON, adj.

}

Fr. Cramoisi; It. Cremisi; Sp. Carmesi; Dut. Karmesün; Arab. Kermez. Commonly called Carmesinum, because made from a worm which, in the Phoenician tongue, is called carmen, (Kilian.)

For God made neither purple nor crimson sheepe, nor taught to die with the iuyce of hearbs.

Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. i. c. 9. Than they passed forthe and came to the bridge of Parys, whiche was couered and richely besene; the couerynge of grene and crimosyn full of starres, and the stretes hanged to our ladyes churche.

Berners. Froissart. Chronycle, vol. ii. c. 157. Pardon me, Julius! heere was't thou bay'd, braue hart; Heere did'st thou fall; and heere thy hunter's stand, Sign'd in thy spoyle, and crimson'd in thy Lethe.

Shakespeare. Julius Cæsar, Act iii. sc. 1. With his rude touch my veil disorder'd then My face discovering, my delicious cheek Tincted with crimson, faded soon again, With such a sweetness as made death seem meek. Drayton. The Legend of Matilda the Fair. And as a crimson poppie flower, surcharged with his seed And vernall humours falling thicke, declines his heavie brow;

bow.

So, of one side, his helmet's weight, his fainting head did
Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. viii.
Mean-while the moon
Full-orb'd, and breaking through the scattered clouds
Shows her broad visage in the crimson'd east.
Thomson. Autumn.

(Weave the crimson web of war)

Let us go and let us fly,
Where our friends the conflict share,
Where they triumph, where they die.

Gray. The Fatal Sisters. CRINGE, v. Demisso corpore serviliter CRINGE, n. devenerari, (Lye;) who resorts CRI'NGING, n. to the Hebrew. Skinner says, -Perhaps from the Ger. Kriechen, to creep or crawl.

wring-an, to twist, to bend. To cringe is formed from Ge or ce (c hard) See To CRANK.

To bend or bow; to do or perform any act of servile submission or obedience; any fawning, flattering courtesy or compliance.

I went from England into France,
Nor yet to learn to cringe nor dance,

Nor yet to ride or fence.-Corbet. Journey into France. Mir. Thou art not worth my anger, th'art a boy, a lump o'thy father's lightness, made of nothing but antick cloathes and cringes.-Beaum. & Fletch. Elder Brother, Act iii. sc. 3. Hee is the now court-god; and well applyed With sacrifice of knees, of crooks, and cringe. B. Jonson. Sejanus, Act i.

A small matter it was which turn'd him [Jehoash] from following the ways of God, in which he had made so good a beginning, he was moved only by the flatteries, bowings, and cringings of his wicked courtiers to him.

Goodwin. Works, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 193.

The pope cringed (pulled downe his head to his shoulders after the Italian fashion, see Records, v. 3. p. 50) in the Italian way, but said, he had not time then to hear those papers.-Burnet. Hist. of the Reformation, an. 1531.

For my kneeling down at my entrance, to begin with prayer, and after to proceed with reverence, I did but my duty in that; let him scoffingly call it cringing, or ducking, or what he please.-State Trials. Abp. Laud, an. 1644. Knowing how to mask concerted guile With a false cringe or undermining smile; His manners pure, from affectation free, And prudence shines through clear simplicity. Fenton. To Thomas Lambard, Esq.

You can be honest; but you cannot bow,
And cringe, beneath a supercilious brow:
You cannot fawn; your stubborn soul recoils
At baseness; and your blood too highly boils.
Philips. Epistle from Holland to a Friend in England.
She that asks

Her dear five hundred friends, contemns them all,
And hates their coming. They (what can they less?)
Make just reprisals: and with cringe and shrug,
And bow obsequious, hide their hate of her.

Couper. Task, b. ii.

CRINITE, n. Į CRI'NET. cernere, to separate; from the custom of separating the hair into locks. See Vossius.

Lat. Crinitus, crinis, a lock Sof hair, from the Gr. Kp-ew,

Crinet, is used by Gascoigne for a lock of hair. See CAUDATE.

First for hir head, the heeres were not of gold
But of some other metall farre more fine,
Whereof eache crinet seemed to behold,
Like glistring wiers against the sunne that shine.
Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew of Bathe.

Her face all bowsy Comely crinckled Wonderously wrynkled.

Chaucer. Legend of Ariadne.

Skelton. Elinour Rumming.

Her legs are two faint erinkling props, her feet
Already mouldring haste their grave to meet.

Beaumont. Psyche, c. 9. s. 30. We come next of all vnto the Wiuer, than the which I read of no riuer in England that fetcheth more or halfe so many windlesses and crinklings, before it come to the sea. Holinshed. Disc. of Britaine, c. 15.

Unless some sweetness at the bottom lie,
Who cares for all the crinkling of the pye?

King. Art of Cookery. It is the crinkles in this glass making objects appear double, and representing each individual as two distinct things, which produces that distinction urged by some people between human prescience and divine, as if one might be compatible with human liberty, though the other were repugnant. Search. Light of Nature, pt. iii. c. 26,

Dut. Krapel, from Krepen, serpere, to creep; qui, manibus pro pedibus utens, humi Skinner. Written Crepil and

CRIPPLE, v. CRIPPLE, n. CRIPPLE, adj. serpit, (creeps,) Creeple in old writers.

To cause to creep; and thus,-to lame; to injure or destroy the power of motion; to deprive of the use of the limbs.

It is full hard to halten vnespied
Before a crepil, for he can the crafte.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. iv.

As you see yourself so shamefully halt, that neuer lame cripple that lay impotet by the walles in creping oute vnto a dole, halted half so sore.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1126.

I counsaile thus that may thee best aduise,
For that myselfe did serue a cruell dame;
The blinde recurde can iudge of bleared eies,
The creple healde, knowes how to heale the lame.
Turberville. To his Friend T.
Thou cold Sciatica
Cripple our senators, that their limbes may halt
As lamely as their manners.

Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act iv. sc. 1.
He who says that night is night,
That cripple folk walk not upright,
Believe him not, although he swear.
Drummond. The Character of an Anti-covenanter, &c.
The souls of women are so small,
That some believe they've none at all;
Or if they have, like cripples, still
They've but one faculty, the will.

Butler. Miscellaneous Thought. That with their shoulders strove to squeeze, And rather save a crippled piece Of all their crush'd and broken members, Than have them grillied on the embers.

Hudibras, pt. iii, e. 3. "Epictetus, who lies here, was a slave and a cripple, poor as the beggar in the proverb, and the favourite of heaven. Johnson. Ess. on Epitaph.

A merry, gay, jocose companion boon, Round whom the noisy crowd incessant laugh, As to the bath the crippled wretch is borne.

West. Triumph of the Gout. CRISIS, n. Fr. Crise; It. Crisi; Sp. Crisis; Lat. Crisis; Gr. Kpiois, from Kpy-ev, to decide,

I understand by your last kind lines that you were to be at court as to morrow; so as I hope by your next foot post to hear the crisis of that day.-Reliquia Wottonianæ, p.574.

It is observed in all those actions or passages, which cause any great and notable change, either in the mind or life of man, that they do not constantly operate at the same rate of efficacy, but that there is a certain crisis, or particular season, which strangely provokes and draws forth the activity and force of every agent, raising it to effects much greater and higher than the common measure of its actings is observed to carry it to.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 7.

First, I observe, that crisises, properly so called, do very seldom happen in other than fevers, and the like acute diseases, where according to the common course of things, the malady is terminated, in no long time, either by recovery or death, or a change into some other disease. Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 211. Fr. Crespe; It. and Sp. Crespo; Lat. Crispus, which Tooke considers to be from the A. S. Cirpsian, crispare,torquere, to twist :-formerly written cirps. To twist, to curl, to wind about or along.

CRISP, v. CRISP, adj. CRISPA'TION. CRI'SPED.

To twist, (sc.) into a state of stiffness; into fixed curls; to curl; to cause to be stiff or unbending: and thus, consequentially, to be frangible; brittle.

Her heere that was owndie [waving] and crips
As burned gold it shone to see.

Chaucer. The House of Fame, b. iii.

His crispe heere like ringes was yronne, And that was yelwe, and glitered as the sonne. Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2167. His mane then vp he liftes aloft and wanton runnes his way, The crispinge curlinge lockes vpon his neck, and shoulders play.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. xi.

The costelie apparel and the vailes, and the wimpels, and the crisping pinnes.-Geneva Bible. Isaiah, iii. 22.

Our Lord hath made bald the heads of the daughters of Syon, and instead of the ornamēt they shall haue shame & for their crispe haire they shall haue bald pates.

Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. i. c. 9.

The sign of peace who first displays,
The olive wreath possesses;

The lover with the myrtle sprays

Adoras his crisped tresses.-Drayton, Nymphal 5.

So are those crisped snaikie golden locks
Which makes such wanton gambols with the winde.
Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act iii, sc. 2.

But rather to tell how, if art could tell,
How from that saphire fount the crisped brooks,
Rouling on orient pearl and sands of gold
With mazie error under pendant shades
Ran nectar.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

Heat causeth pilosity and crispation, and so likewise beards in men.-Bacon. Naturall History, § 872.

Huge columns on their heads The crisped foliage of Acanthus bore.

Glover. The Athenaid, b. ii.

At the awful sound

The terrace sinks spontaneous; on the green
Broider'd with crisped knots, the tonsile yews
Wither and fall-Mason. The English Garden, b. ii.
The general colours of it are black and brown, growing to
atolerable length and very crisp and curly.

Cook. Voyage, vol. iv. b. iii. c. 5. If the cakes at tea eat short and crisp they were made by Olivia-Goldsmith. Vicar of Wakefield, c. 16.

CRITERION. Gr. Kpirnpiov, from Kp-ew, to discern, to decide, to judge.

That by or from which a decision or judgment is to be made.

Our knowledge therefore is real, only so far as there is a formity between our ideas and the reality of things. But hat shall be the criterion? How shall the mind, when it eives nothing but its own ideas, know that they agree ith things themselves?-Locke. Hum. Underst, b. iii. c. 4. Their fortitude and philosophy I will not dispute, but hute, I am sure they are not; for it is the very criterion true manhood to feel those impressions of sorrow which it endeavours to resist; and to admit, not to be above the Want of consolation-Melmoth. Pliny, b. viii. Let. 16.

VOL. I.

CRITICK, adj. CRITICK, N. CRITICK, V. CRITICAL. CRITICALLY. CRITICISE, V. CRITICISER. CRITICISM. CRITIQUE, n.

Gr. Κριτικος, from Κρινew, to discern, to decide, to judge.

One who is able to discern, to distinguish, to decide, to judge.

To criticise, to examine, investigate, or inquire into; to pass sentence, to give opinion upon, as a critick; i. e. as one able to discern, to distinguish, to decide, to judge.

Appe. Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have done.-Brewer. Lingua, Act iv. sc. 9.

But, some will say, criticks are a kind of tinkers; that make more faults then they mend ordinarily. B. Jonson. Discoveries. And therefore I am in good hope, that though the musick I have made be but dull and flat, and even downright plainsong, even your curious and critical ears shall discover no discord in it.-Chillingworth. Rel. of Prot. c. 6. p. 1.

Then bee the foure decretorie or criticall daies, that give the dome of olive trees, either to good or bad: this is the southerly point of filthie, foule and glowmie weather, whereof wee have spoken before.

Holland. Plinie, b. xvii. c. 2. Herein exact and critical trial should be made by publike enjoinment: whereby determination might be setled beyond debate.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5.

And therefore whatever we want of either outward or inward accomplishments, secular or spiritual good successes, prosperities of kingdoms or souls, would we but look critically into ourselves, we should go near to find imputable to the want in us of one or both these ascending angels. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 498.

This I take to be the true and genuine meaning of this passage, upon which no charge of Pelagianisme can be fastened; nor needeth it any spinous criticisms for its explication. Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. 4.

I thought at first he would have plaid the ignorant critique with every thing, along as he had gone. B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revells. In poets, as true genius is but rare, True taste as seldom is the critic's share.

Pope. Essay on Criticism. Like a confident dunce at school, that is highly pleased with mean performances of his own; but a true modest scholar, who knows better what he is to do, and understands the critical niceties of learning, is hardly satisfied with any thing that he does.-Stillingfleet, vol. iii. Ser. 3.

These probationers are first appointed to preach practically on a text assigned them; next, critically upon another, the sense of which is controverted, and then a mixed sermon, of criticism on the text, and practical inferences from it is expected from them.-Burnet. Life, p. 8.

If I have been rather long upon this head, it is because 1 conceive this critique on the Hippolytus will let the reader, at once, into the true character of Seneca; which, he now sees, is that of a mere declamatory moralist. Hurd. Notes on the Art of Poetry.

CROAK, v. CROAK, n. CRO/AKING, n. CRO'AKING, adj. Gr. Kpw5-ELV.

A. S. Cracettan, crocitare, to croke like a crow, (Somner.) Fr. Croasser, croaquer ; It. Crocitare; Lat. Crocire;

To croak like a frog,-Fr. Croasser; Lat. Coaxare; Gr. Koag-ew. All said to be from the sound. But see To CREAK.

As the raven's croak is thought to forbode ill luck, to croak is used to denote

To forbode, to prognosticate, il luck; discontentedly; in a spirit of discontent.

Thou donghill crow, that crockest against the raine,
Home to thy hole, brag not with Phebe again.
Vncerlaine Auctors. Against him that had slaundered, &c.
Ne let th' vnpleasant quyre of frogs still croking
Make vs to wishe their choking.

Let none of these their drery accents sing,
Ne let the woods them answer nor their eccho ring.
Spenser. Epithalamion.

Till flocks of ravens them with noise awake,
Over the army like a cloud that hung;
Which greater haste enforceth them to make,
When with their croaking all the country rung,
Which boded slaughter, as the most do say.

Drayton. Battle of Agincourt.

They [frogs] let down their nether lip somewhat under the water, that they gargle with their tongue levell to the water, which they received into their throate: and so while the tongue quivereth withall they make that croking above said. Holland. Plinie, b. xi. c. 37.

Rebels were sainted, foreigners did reign, Outlaws return'd, preferment did obtain, With frogs and toads, and all their croaking train. Dryden. Tarquin & Tulla. Their understandings are but little instructed when all their whole time and pains is laid out to still the croaking of their own bellies, or the cries of their children. Locke. On Humane Understanding, b. iv. e. 20. From night to night she [Care] watches at his bed; Now, as one mop'd, still brooding o'er his head, Anon she starts, and borne on raven's wings, Croaks forth aloud-" Sleep was not made for kings."

Churchill. Gotham, b. iii.

The hoarse, deep, periodical croak of the corvorants serves as a base to the rest.-Pennant. Zoology. Puffin Auk.

The notes of all birds of a superior size, being either screaming, croaking, or chattering, the pigeon kind excepted, whose slow plaintive continued monotone has some

Others took upon them to be pert criticisers and saucy Blackwall. Sacred Classicks, vol. ii. p. 265.

correctors of the original before them.

The criticisms which I have hitherto published have been made with an intention rather to discover beauties and excellencies in the writers of my own time, than to publish any of their faults and imperfections.-Spectator. No. 262. Be silent always, when you doubt your sense, And speak, though sure, with seeming diffidence: Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so; But you with pleasure, own your errors past, And make each day a critique on the last.

Pope. Essay on Criticism.

We owe few of the rules of writing to the acuteness of criticks, who have generally no other merit than that, having read the works of great authors with attention, they have observed the arrangement of their matter, or the graces of their expression, and then expected honour and reverence for precepts which they never could have invented.-Rambler, No. 158.

Poets, and orators, and painters, and those who cultivate other branches of the liberal arts, have without this critical knowledge succeeded well in their several provinces and will

succeed.-Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful.

Our circumstances are indeed critical; but then they are the critical circumstances of a strong and mighty nation. Id. On a late State of the Nation.

They soon after, with great joy, saw the snow fall in large flakes from the trees, a certain sign of an approaching thaw; they now examined more critically the state of their invalids.-Cook. Voyage, vol. i. b. i. c. 4.

Criticism, though dignified from the earliest ages by the labours of men eminent for knowledge and sagacity, and since the revival of polite literature the favourite study of European scholars, has not yet attained the certainty and stability of science.-Rambler, No. 158.

449

CROCK, n. 2 A. S. Crocca; Dut. Kruycke; logy. Perhaps so called from its brittleness or CROCKERY, n. Ger. Krug. Of uncertain etymoliability to crack.

A vessel made of clay, and dried by heat.
And when that dronken all was in the crouke,
To bedde went the doughter right anon,
To bedde goth Alein, and to bedde goth John.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4156.
Striue not as doth a crock against a wall,
Deme first thyselfe, that demest others dede;
And truth shall thee deliuer it is no drede.
Vncertaine Auctors. To leade a Virtuous and Honest Life.

Therefore the vulgar did about him flock, And cluster thick vnto his leasings vaine; Like foolish flies about an honey crock.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2.

As she was hurrying him away, his spurs takes hold of her petticoat, his whip throws down a cabinet of china: He cries, what are your crocks rotten?-Tatler, No. 37.

I then enquired for the person that belonged to the petticoat; and to my great surprise, was directed to a very beautiful young damsel, with so pretty a face and shape, that I bid her come out of the crowd, and seated her upon a little crock at my left hand.-Id. No. 116

As he began to twist and sprawl,
The loosen'd stones break from the wall;
Down drops the rake upon the spot,
And after him an earthen pot;
Reeling he rose, and gaz'd around,
And saw the crock lie on the ground.

Somervile. The Happy Disappointment. CROCODILE, n. Fr. Crocodile; It. and Sp Crocodilo; Lat. Crocodilus; Gr. Kρokodeiλos, from Κροκος, and δειλος, quia κροκον δειλια, crocum metuit; because it fears or dislikes the crocus or

3 M

saffron whence the Egyptians place saffron before their beehives, to protect their honey from this animal. (See Vossius.) Pliny throws no light upon this etymology; and Herodotus says, the name of Crocodile was first imposed by the Ionians, from their resemblance to lizards, (so named by them,) which are produced in the hedges, (Euterpe, c. 69.) See the example from Fuller.

As cursed crocodile most cruelly can tole With truthlesse teares unto his death the silly pitieng soule.-Vncert. Auctors. Louer dreadding to moue. The river Nilus nourisheth the crocodile; a venomous creature, foure footed, as daungerous upon water as land. This beast alone, of all other that keepe the land, hath no use of a tongue. He only moveth the upper jaw or mandible, wherewith he biteth hard.-Holland. Plinie, b.viii. c.25. Ambiguous between sea and land The river horse, the scalie crocodile.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

In a word, the soveraign power of genuine saffron is plainly proved by the antipathy of the crocodiles thereunto, for the crocodile's tears are never true, save when he is forced (where saffron groweth, whence he hath the name of Kроко-deλos, or the saffron-fearer,) knowing himself to be all poison, and it all antidote.-Fuller. Worthies. Essex.

The alligator is a creature so well known every where, that I should not describe it were it not to give an account of the difference between it and the crocodile; for they resemble each other so nearly in their shape and bulk, as also in their natures, that they are generally mistaken for the same species.-Dampier. Voyage, an. 1676.

At Arsinoe the crocodile was adored; because having no tongue it was made in hieroglyphic writing the symbol of the divinity, elsewhere it was had in horror, as being made in the same writing the symbol of Typhon. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. i. s. 4.

CRO'CUS. Of uncertain origin. See the
CRO'KERS. example from Holinshed.

A certaine young gentleman, called Crocus, went to plaie at coits in the field with Mercurie, and being heedlesse of himselfe, Mercurie's coit happened by mishap to hit him on the head, whereby he receiued a wound that yer long killed him altogither, to the great discomfort of his friends. Finallie, in the place where he bled, saffron was after found to grow, wherevpon the people seeing the colour of the chiue as it stood, (although I doubt not but it grew there long before,) adiudged it to come of the blood of Crocus, and therefore they gaue it his name.-Holinshed. England, c. 8. Under foot the violet,

Crocus, and hyacinth with rich inlay
Broider'd the ground, more colour'd then with stone,
Of costliest emblem. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

The crokers or saffron-men do vse an obseruation a little before the comming vp of the floure, and sometime in the taking vp at Midsummer-tide, by opening the heads to iudge of plentie and scarcitie of the commoditie to come. Holinshed. England, c. 8. CROFT, n. A. S. Croft; a little farm, a close or little field enclosed, (Somner.) Spelman (in v. Croftum,) thinks from the Gr. KрʊπT-Ev, tegere, to cover, to protect; in which he is followed by other etymologists. Minshew says, a croft is a little close joyning to a house, that sometimes is used for a hempe-plot, sometime for corne, and sometime for pasture, as the owner listeth. It seemeth to come of the old English word Creaft, signifying handiecraft; because such grounds are for the most part extraordinarily dressed and trimmed by the labour and skill of the owner. For thei comen to my croft, my corn to defoule.

Piers Ploukman, p. 129. Thre hundred they do adde, all issued out with one good

will, Such as Cerites house did keepe, or Mymon croftes did till. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. x. A croft we esteem some little plot of ground, and both the name and the thing are yet in ordinary knowledge.

Verstegun. Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, c. 9.

wears on his cassock, or coat-armour, the badge of the cross," (Cotgrave.) Applied generally to

Any war, any attack, any hostility; carried on with religious zeal. Fabyan uses the verb to croysey;-to wear the badge, to serve under the banner of the Cross.

The Fryday folowynge the feast of Penthecost, in yt yere of xii. c. and xliii. and xxii. yere of the reygne of the sayd Lewys, he, with many of his lordes, departed from Parys vpon his iourney towarde the holy lande; in whiche was croysed also the Archebisshop of Bourges, &c. with many other noble men whiche were longe to reherse.-Fabyun, an. 1263.

And whan that Pope Innocent the Sixt, and the colledge of Rome, sawe how they were vexed by these cursed people, they were greatly abashed, and then ordeyned a croysey, agaynst these yuell Christen people, who dyde their payne to distroy Christendome, as other bandes had done before wlout tytell of any reason.-Berners. Frois. Cron. c. 216.

This pope is decrepit, and the bell goeth for him. Take order, that when he is dead, there be chosen a pope of fresh years between fifty and three-score; and see that he take the name of Urban, because a pope of that name did first

institute the croisado, and as with an holy trumpet, did stir up the voyage for the Holy Land.-Bacon. Of an Holy War. The croisade was not appointed by Pope Urban alone, but by the council of Clermont, consisting of more than two hundred bishops assembled for all the west; and so persuaded were all persons of the will of God concurring in this enterprise, that it was made the shout for battle.

Joriin. On Ecclesiastical History.

After this narrative of the expeditions of the Latins to Palestine and Constantinople, I cannot dismiss the subject without revolving the general consequences on the countries that were the scene, and on the nations that were the actors, of the memorable crusades.-Gibbon. Roman Empire, c. 61. The ecclesiastics took up the cross as well as others; but it should have been from a different motive, namely, to instruct the croisez, to comfort them, to adminster the sacraments to them, and not to buy off their own penances. Jortin. On Ecclesiastical History.

The clergy, whose wealth and policy enabled them to take advantage of the necessity and weakness of the croises, were generally the purchasers of both.

Burke. Abridgement of English History. Reason her logic armour quit, And proof to mild persuasion sit; Religion with free thought dispense,

And cease crusading against sense.-Green. The Grotto.
Yet if, crusaders like, their zeal be rage,

They hurt the cause in which their arms engage:
On heav'nly anvils forge the temper'd steel,
Which fools can brandish, and the wise may feel.
Whitehead. On Ridicule.

CRO'KED, n.

So often as she [the Moone] is seene westward after the sunne is gone downe, and shineth the forepart of the night onely, she is croisant, and in her first quarter. Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 32. Gower uses this word. See in v. CHAPLET. And see Skinner. CRONE, n. Crone, croane, croen; a deCRO'NY. Screpit, crafty old woman, says Skinner. Verstegan derives from the A. S. Crone, a ewe. Others from Gr. Kpovos, Saturn, or крovios, lasting. But Dr. Jamieson leads us to the true etymology. Croyn, crone, crune, or croon, in Scotch, is a hollow, continued moan, (or rather groan;) the moan (or groan) of those who habitually utter heavy complaints under slight indisposition: it is also applied to the hollow murmuring sound with which old witches (i. e. the croners,) uttered their incantation; also, to the incantation itself; and further (without doubt) to the incantatrix herself. And thus it appears to be from the verb (Dut. Kreunan,) to groan, (by the common interchange of c and g.)

Cronies are those who groan or grumble over their grievances together.

This olde Soudanesse, this cursed crone,
Hath with hire frendes don this cursed dede.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4852.
That croked eroane, although she be my make?
Shee cloyes me with the cough, hir comfort is but cold,
She bids me giue mine age for almes, wher first my youth
was sold.-Gascoigne. The Diuorce of a Louer.
Fresh herring plenty, Michell brings
With fatted crones, and such old things.

Tusser. The Farmer's Daily Diet. "But stormes" (thought Battus) "haue their steps, Not long the croen can liue, Or if my kindness length her life,

My kindness God forgive."-Warner. Albion's England.

In vain he sigh'd and oft with tears desir'd,
Some reasonable suit might be required,

But still the crone was constant to her note,
The more he spoke, the more she stretch'd her throat.
Dryden. The Wife of Bath's Tale.

The frugal crone, whom praying priests attend,
Still strives to save the hallow'd taper's end,
Collects her breath, as ebbing life retires,
For one puff more, and in that puff expires.

Two-fac'd Janus, God of time!
Be my Phoebus, while I rhyme;
To oblige your crony Swift,
Bring our dame a new-year's gift.

CROOK, v. CROOK, n. CROOKED, adj. CROOKEDLY. CROOKEDNESS. CROO'KEN, V.

Pope. Moral Essays.

Swift. To Janus on New-Year's Day.

Dut. Krook; Ger. Kruycke; Fr. Croc. The family of this word, says Wachter, is in the possession of the Swedes, with whom Krokia, is to curve, bow or bend,-krock, bowed; and krykia, a pastoral staff, and a staff for stooping old men, (i. e. a crutch.)

To bend or bow, to turn out of a straight line. to twist, thwart, warp or writhe out of the direct (Met.) crooked, is—

course.

Perverse, obstinate, self-willed, bad-tempered, ill-natured.

No on crokyd kene thorne. kynde fygys were. Piers Ploukman, p. 25. It is bettir to thee to entre to lyf feble either crokid, than havynge tweyne hondis or twey feet to be sent into everlastynge fier.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 18.

And in hir walk this blinde man they mette,
Croked and olde, with eyen fast yshette.

Chaucer. The Manne of Lawes Tale, v. 4980.

For er the bishop hent hem with his crook
They weren in the archedeken's book.

Id. The Freres Tale, v. 6900.

So with his croked eloquence
He speaketh all.

Gower. Con. A. b. iii.
My felowes made to shore, and downe their sailes they doe
bestowe,
The port lieth in from estern seas, and crokith like a bowe.
Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b.

Nor wyll svffer this boke
By hooke ne by crooke
Prynted for to be.-Skelton. The Boke of Clout.
My wife ensued, through lanes and crokes and darknes
most we past.-Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. ii.

If the younge tree growe croked, when it is oulde a man shall rather breake it than straight it, and I thincke there is no one thing that crokes youthe more than such unlawful games.-Ascham. Toxophilus.

Saint Augustine greatly alloweth Marcus Varro, affirming that religion is most pure without images, and sayth hin selfe, images be of more force to crooken an unhappy soule, then to teach and instruct it.

Homilies. The Second Part of Sermon against Idolatry. But the wickednesse of his wil and erokednesse or froward nesse wherewith hee sleath vnrighteously, to auege him selle & to satisfie his own lustes & the cause why he knoweth not the lawe of God and consenteth not to it, whiche law should have informed his wil, and corrected the crokednesse thereof. and haue taught him to vse his will & and his power right, is his blindnesses fault onely and not God's.

Tyndall. Workes, p. 301.

For the life of the body is full of desires, and presares satisfaction in obtaining of this or the other external thing whether it be in honour, riches, or pleasure; and if th shake off the divine guide within them, they will have it b hook or by crook.-More. Defence of Moral Cabbala, c. 3. Hee is the now court-god, and well applyed With sacrifice of knees, of crooks, and cringe.

B. Jonson. Sejanus, Acti His minde is peruerse, cam, and crooked, not when i bendeth itselfe vnto any of these things, but when it bendet so, that it swarueth either to the right hand or to the left 'by excesse or defect from that exact rule whereby huma actions are measured.-Hooker. Ser. Of the Nature of Pride On which horrid prise Vlisses first charg'd; whom, aboue the knee The sauage strooke, and rac't it crookedly Along the skin, yet neuer reacht the bone.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. XIX My will hath been used to crookedness and peevish more sity in all vertuous employments, but greedy and tierce : the election and prosecution of evil actions and designs Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 5. s. There is but little labour of the muscles required, on enough for bowing or crooking the tail.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 11. Not