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The order of it was this: All the fathers or senators, who at the first were an hundred, parted themselves into tens or decaries, and governed successively by the space of five days, one decurg after another in order.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. v. c. 3. s. 7.

He instituted decurions through both these colonies, that is, one over every ten families, another over fifty, a third over a hundred, a fourth over five hundred, and a fifth over a thousand.-Sir W. Temple. On Heroic Virtue.

DECURRENT. Lat. Decurrens, pres. part. DECURSION. of Decurrere, ursum; to run down, (de, and currere, to run.) Running down.

Matter is never lost or annihilated: what is decayed by that decursion of waters is in some measure supplied by the terrene fæces which that water brings with it. Hale. Origination of Mankind, p. 95. [Leaves] darker and very soft above, paler below with protuberant veins, downy on both sides, mostly decurrent on the long hoary petiols.

Sir W. Jones. Botan. Obs. On Select Indian Plants. Moreover not only things but customs, civil and religious, are preserved upon coins, as sacrifices, triumphs, congiaries, allocutions, decursions, &c. Priestley. On History, pt. ii. Lect. 6. DECURTED. Lat. Curtus; Gr. Kupros, cut

short.

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Answerable whereunto we observe the decussated characters in many Consulary coynes, and even in those of Constantine and his sons, which pretend their pattern in the sky. Brown. Cyrus' Garden, c. 1. Owing this name not onely unto the quintuple number of trees, but the figure declaring that number, which being doubled at the angle, makes up the letter X, that is the emphatical decussation, or fundamental figure.-Id. Ib.

The Statuæ Isiaca, Teraphims, and little idols found about the mummies, do make decussation or Jacob's crosse, with their armes, like that on the head of Ephraim and Manasses, and this decussis is also graphically described between them.-Id. Ib. c. 3.

The incession or locall motion of animals is made with analogy unto this figure, by decussative diametrals, quincunciall lines and angles.-Id. Ib.

As the oyle was poured coronally or circularly upon the head of kings, so the high priest was anointed decussatively or in the form of a X.-Id. Ib.

This Galen, and others after him, generally thought to be from a coalition or decussation of the optick nerves, behind the or sphenoides. But whether they decussate, coalesce, or only touch one another, they do not well agree.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 2. What infinite rencounters and decussations, meetings and crossings through all the parts of our solar system.

Watts. Philosophical Essays, Ess. 10. s. 1.

DEDENTITION. A falling of the teeth. Lat. Dens, dentis; if, says Vossius, of Latin origin, it is formed by apocope from edens, eating, that which eateth.

Solon divided it into ten septenaries, because in every ene thereof, a man received some sensible mutation, in the first is dedentition or falling of teeth. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 12. Brown has words still more extraordinary, as feriation, for keeping holiday, dedentition for falling of teeth. Beattie. Moral Science, pt. iv. c. 1. s. 3.

DEDICATE, v.

DEDICATE, adj.

DEDICATION.
DEDICATING, n.

DEDICATOR.

DEDICATORY.

Now, before we vse either to write, or speake eloquently, wee must dedicate our myndes wholy to followe the most wise and learned men, and seeke to fashion as wel thir speache and gesturing, as their witte or endytyng. Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, p. 5.

And the princes offered vnto ye dedicatynge of the altar in the daye that it was anoynted, & brought their gyftes before the altar.-Bible, 1551. Numeri, c. 7.

To her my thoughts I daily dedicate,
To her my hart I nightly martyrize:
To her my loue I lowely do prostrate,
To her my life I wholly sacrifice.

Spenser. Colin Clout's come Home again. Upon this vow of amendment, they had their desire; plenty was sent them, and then setting aside the dedicate portion, the tenth of all the increase of their grounds, and of their cattel, they offered it unto those Gods. Spelman. On Tithes, p. 123. Neither is it to be pass'd over in silence, that this dedicating of colledges and societies, only to the use of professory learning, hath, not only bin an enemy to the growth of sciences, but hath redounded likewise to the prejudice of states and governments.

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Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, b. ii. To the King. That which is made holy by the dedication of men, and given to God, so as to be used only in his public service, is called also sacred, and said to be consecrated.

Hobbs. Of a Christian Commonwealth, c. 25.

My Lord, this poem, which receiv'd its first occasion of birth from yourselfe and others of your noble familie, and much honour from your own person in the performance, now returns againe to make a final dedication of itselfe to you. H. Lawes. To Ld. Visc. Brackly, in Birch's Life of Milton. He made it his work to see what books were in the press, and to look over epistles dedicatory, and prefaces to the reader, to see what faults might be found.

State Trials, an. 1627. Abp. Abbot.

I conceive, readers, much may be guess'd at the man and his book, what depth there is, by the framing of his title; which being in this remonstrant so rash and unadvised as ye see, I conceit him to be near a-kin to him who set forth a passion sermon, with a formal dedicatory in great letters to our Saviour.-Milton. An Apology for Smectymnuus.

For to whom can I dedicate this poem, with so much justice as to you? It is the representation of your own hero: it is the picture drawn at length, which you admire and prize so much in little.

Dryden. The Medal. Epistle to the Whigs.

The feast of the dedication of churches was to be held every year, on the first Sunday in October; but the feast of the patron of the church was to be no more observed.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1536. Leave dangerous truths to unsuccessful satires, And flattery to some fulsome dedicators, Whom, when they praise, the world believes no more, Than when they promise to give scribbling o'er.

Pope. Essay on Criticism.

This digression, my lord, is not altogether to the purpose of an epistle dedicatory: yet 'tis expected that somewhat shou'd be said even here, in relation to criticism; at least in vindication of my address, that you may not be desir'd to patronize a poem, which is wholly unworthy of your protection.-Dryden. Love's Triumph, Ep. Ded.

'Tis in vain, alas! I find,

Much in vain, my zealous mind

Would to learned Wisdom's throne Dedicate each thoughtful hour: Nature bids a softer power

Claim some minutes for his own.-Akenside, b. ii. Ode 8. One can hardly think otherwise than that the author of Mr. Evelyn's life must have been misinformed, and never have seen or carefully considered the inscription on the title dedicatory, and the prints themselves.

Walpole. Catalogue of Engravers, (Evelyn.) DEDITION. Lat. Deditio; from Dedere, deditum, to give up.

A giving up, yielding, surrendering.

The asseige of the castell of Bridgenorth vpon Seuerne, and the compulsion of the woorthie knight Hugh Mortimer to dedition to the terrible example of all. Holinshed. Ireland, b. ii. c. 6. And the rather because of the custom of the eastern provinces earth and water. Judith, ii. 7.

in reasoning, as to deduce a consequence from premised propositions; to infer, to bring, bear or take from, to subtract.

This werke who so shal se or rede
Of any incongruitie doe me not impeche,
Ordinately behoveth mee first to procede
In deduction thereof, in maner as the leche
His pacient's sicknes oweth first for to seche.

Chaucer, The Remedie of Loue. We deduce therupō that he wil not suffer his church fal into yt erronious belief of anie dānable vntrouthe, but lead the into ye trouth yt is ye cötrarie of ye vntrouth. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 461.

It is easy also and lyght, and a very pure gospell, yt is to wit, a preaching of fayth & loue: deducyng the loue to God out of fayth, and the loue of a man's neighbour out of the loue of God.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 21.

Whom when he beheld coming, he sodainly lefte the matter, with which he was in hand, and without ani deduccion thereunto, out of al order, & oute of al frame, began to repete those wordes again.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 61. is declared in the xvi. of the Acts, a people deducted oute of The Philippians are in the first parte of Macedonia, as it the citie of Philippos, so called of Philip the buyldour of it. Udal. Pref. to the Philippians.

It is justified by express assertion of an old oracle to Archias, a Corinthian, advising him he should hither deduce a colony.--Selden. Illustrations of Drayton, s. 17.

Out of these grounds, I may then in my opinion safely and with some confidence deduce and maintain this position; that the common law of England giveth to the king, as to the head of the common wealth, no perpetuall revenue or matter of profit out of the interest or property of the subject. State Trials. Great Case of Impositions, an. 1606. What other deducements or analogies are cited out of St. Paul, to prove a likeness between the ministers of the Old and New Testament, having tried their sinews, I judge they may pass without harm-doing to our cause.

Milton. Reason of Church Government.

And so not laying to heart the greatness and goodness of God, but blinding himself with an undue zeal to his own person, he [Adam] most unnaturally made himself God's rival, as if he himself were capable of divine knowledge, or God deducible to human imbecility. State Trials. Col. J. Lilburn, an. 1649.

For hauing yet in his deducted spright
Some sparks remaining of that heauenly fire,
He is enlumin'd with that goodly light,
Vnto like goodly semblant to aspire.

Spenser. An Hymn of Loue. He keepeth a hundred slaves at least in the mines, each slave being bound to bring in dayly cleare gaine (all charges deducted) three pezoes of gold for himself, and two for his woman (eight shillings and three pence to the pezo)

Sir Francis Drake Revived, p. 69.

To insist upon the declaration and deduction of this point, and pass along through the series and course of so many ages and centuries, as it would be over long for this place, so further I might herein seem as it were to gild gold.

State Trials. Henry Garnet, an. 1606. Where he succeeds not thus high, he labours to introduce a secondary and deductive Atheism; that although men concede there is a God, yet should they deny his providence. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 10.

For although to opinion there be many Gods, may seem an access in religion, and such as cannot at all consist with Atheism, yet doth it deductively and upon inference include the same, for unity is the inseparable and essential attribute of Deity.-Id. Ib.

Some things too I have omitted, and sometimes have added of my own. Yet the omissions, I hope, are but of circumstances, and such as wou'd have no grace in English; and the additions, I also hope, are easily deduc'd from Virgil's sense.-Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, Dedication.

Our modern philosophers, nay and some of our philosophising divines, have too much exalted the faculties of our souls, when they have maintained that, by their force, mankind has been able to find out that there is one supreme agent or intellectual being, which we call God: that praise and prayer are his due worship; and the rest of those deducements, which I am confident are the remote effects of revelation, and unattainable by our discourse, I mean as simply considered, and without the benefit of divine illumi

Lat. Dedicare; Sp. Dedicar; Fr. Dédier, (de, princes, who in token of dedition exacted from subjugated nation.-Id. Religio Laici, Pref.

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d especially to consecrate.)

To allot, to appropriate or apportion; to devote,

consecrate.

The thridde circumstance is the place, ther thou hast don whether in other mennes houses or in thine owen, in ld, in chirche, or in chirchawe, in chirche dedicate, or non. Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

DEDU/CE, v. DEDU'CEMENT. DEDU'CIBLE. DEDU'CING, n. DEDU/CIVE. DEDUCT, V. DEDUCTION. DEDUCTIVE. DEDUCTIVELY.

Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 323.

Fr. Déduir; Sp. Deduzir; It. Didurre; Eng. Deduce; Lat. Deducere, to lead away from; and deduct, from deduct-um, past part. (de, and ducere, to lead.)

To lead, draw or bring from. (See the example from Selden.) Generally used (met.)

The late king had also agreed, that two and a half per cent should be deducted out of the pay of the foreign troops, which amounted to fifteen thousand pounds.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1711.

This is the true virtue of fortitude, which is nothing but endeavouring firmly and honestly to act as truth requires; and therefore is directly deducible from that notion on which we have founded the morality of human acts.

Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 9.

From the words of Moses cited by our Saviour, the doctrine of a future state may as clearly be deduced as from any single text which can be produced out of any one of the prophets.-Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History.

This uncertainty is most frequent in the vowels, which are so capriciously pronounced, and so differently modified by accident or affectation, not only in every province, but in every mouth, that to them, as is well known to etymologists, little regard is to be shewn in the deduction of one language from another.-Johnson. English Dictionary, Pref.

DEED, n. DEE'DLESS.

("Like actum and factum) means something, any thing done. It is DEE'DY. the past part. of the A. S. verb Don, to do. Do-ed, did, deed, is the same word differently spelled. It was formerly written dede, both for the past tense and past part." (See Tooke, v. 2.) See Do.

Deedy,-industrious, notable. (Berks. Grose.) It is properly applied to any one doing attentively.

Sire, heo seyde, yleue not that my sustren al soth seide. Ac for me my self, [Cordelia] ich wol soth segge of this dede.-R. Gloucester, p. 30.

Walter Spek was in that stoure, gode knight at alle nedes, The boke tellis grete honour of his douhty dedes.

R. Brunne, p. 114. For David was the douhtiest. of dedus in hus tyme. Piers Plouhman, p. 373. Jerom in his prolog on the dedis of apostlis seith this. Wiclif. Dedis, Prol.

For pitee maketh a kynge curteise Both in his worde and in his dede.-Gower. Con. A. b.vii. Howe be it in uery dede the name of the cytie was Lais at the beginninge.-Bible, 1551. Judges, c. 18.

Dispaire :

Who first vs greets, and after faire areedes
Of tydings strange, and of adventures rare:
So creeping close, as snake in hidden weedes,
Inquireth of our states, and of our knightly deedes.
Spenser Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 9.

A true knight; they call him Troylus;
Nor yet mature, yet matchlesse, firm of words,
Speaking in deedes, and deedelesse in his tongue.

Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Act iv. sc. 5.

Th' undaunted power of princes should not be
Confin'd in deedless cold calamity.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Bloody Brother, Act iv. sc. 2.

Yet thon (even Hector) deedlesse standst, and car'st not to employ,

Thy towne borne friends, to bid them stand, to fight and save their wives.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. v.

The monarch, blinded with desire of wealth,
With steel invades his brother's life by stealth;
Before the sacred altar made him bleed,
And long from her conceal'd the cruel deed.

Dryden. Virgil. Æneid, b. i.

Whatever notions some may have of the soul in its state of separate existence, yet a mere spirit is not a man; for man is made of soul and body: and therefore to bring the man into judgment to answer for his deeds, the soul and the body must be brought together again.-Sherlock, Dis. 49.

Most usually when applied to the transactions of private subjects, it is called A deed, in Latin factum, KаT' EFоKny, because it is ne most solemn and authentick act, that a man can possibly perform with relation to the disposal of his pro. perty.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 20.

DEEM, v. DEEM, n.

See Dooм, and DAMN. A. S. Dem-an.

To think, to judge, to determine.

He tolde, that in a uysyon he sey by hym a cas, That he was byuore God ybrogt, hys dom vor to avonge, And that he was there ydemd to the pyne of helle strong. R Gloucester, p. 420. The barons wrote ageyn, at his demyng thei ches, Thei held his dome certeyn, for he was prince of pes. R. Brunne, p. 86. And deme wel and wislyche.-Piers Plouhman, p. 194. Nyle ye deme that ghe be not demed. For in what doom re demen; you schulen be demed, and in what measure ye meten: it schal be meten agen to you.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 7. Now demeth as you liste, ye that can, For I wol tell you forth as I began.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1355.

But still Creseide heuy in her entent,
Into the church would nat herself present,
For giuing of the people any deming
Of her expulse fro Diomede the king.

Id. The Testament of Creseide.

But false Egyste aboue hem alle Was deemed to diuers peine, The werst that men couthe ordeine.-Gower. Con. A. b.iii. These thre estates ordayned and stablysshed in their names, receyuers of all male totes, deames, subsidies, and other rightes, pertayning to the kyng, and to the realme. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, c. 171.

There was graunted vnto him halfe a deeme of the spiritualitie, and half a deeme of the temporaltie, to be payde at the feast of Saint Mighell then next, if it seemed to the lordes and counsaylours that it was neede.

Grafton. Rich. II. an. 10. Troy. Here me, my loue: be thou but true of heart. Cres. I true? how now? what wicked deeme is this? Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cress. Act iv. sc. 4. Nor could her wretched sister once divine These rites could cover such a dire design, Nor deem'd a lover treacherous to his vows Should more afflict her than her murder'd spouse. Pitt. Virgil. Eneid, b. iv. I it agreed by all who admit a future judgment, suppose that misery and happiness are set before us upon some terms: I suppose, likewise, that it will be deemed reasonable for God to act upon such terms as reason itself, the interpreter of God's will in this case, proposes to us. Sherlock, Dis. 27. A. S. Deope; Dut. Diep; Ger. Tief; Sw. Djup. From A. S. Dipp-an, to dip, to dive. Depth is the third pers. sing. As now applied, deep is

DEEP, adj.
DEEP, n.
DEEP, ad.
DEEPLY.

DEE'PEN. DEE'PNESS. DEE'PSOME. DEPTH. DEPTHLESS. profound.

Far below the surface; sunk, depressed, immersed; (met.) not easily fathomed, not easily seen through or penetrated;

Deep is much used in Composition, and supplies some phrases or expressions of strong import.

The thef, that lay byneth hym, thogte on luther bote,
And smot the kyng wyth a knyf in the breste depe ynou,
And, to gret harm to al thys loud, the gode kyng he slou.
R. Gloucester, p. 277.
Now adde heye men of the lond ytake there byuore,
Hys fader ostage god ynou, and dep oth ysuore,
Wyth hym to holde trewelyche, and breke tho her oth.
Id.
He did Harald body do drawe vp also tite,
& thorgh the podels it drouh, that foule were & deppest,
& sithen in to Temse his body did he kest.
R. Brunne, p. 54.
Athelstan in Scotland a selcouth ded he one,
He smote depe al Donbarre, an elne in the stone.

p.

301.

Id. p. 29.

A water in Snowdoun runnes, Amber is the name, An arm of the se men kennes, the depnes may none ame [tell.]-Id. p. 240.

The dupe dale and durke. un symely to see to, What may hit by mene. madam ich by seche. Piers Plouhman, p. 15. He is lyk to a man that bildith an hous that diggide depe and sette the foundement on a stoon.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 6.

Thries I was at schip breche, nyght and dai I was in the depnesse of the see.-Id. 2 Corynth. c. 12.

And as he cesside to speke he seyde to Symount, lede thou into the depthe, and slake your nettis to take fish. Wiclif. Luke, c. 5.

Alone in woods, in rockes and in caues depe,
I may at mine owne wil both waile and wepe.
Chaucer. The Lamentation of Marie Magdaleine.
Then tooke I of the nightingale kepe,
How she cast a sigh out of her depe,
And saied, alas that euer I was bore.

Id. Of the Cuckow and the Nightingale.

And here I make mine protestacioun
And deepely sweare as mine power to bene
Faithful deuoid of variation. Id. Court of Loue.
Of the darke depenesse of hell been her gestes:
Beware yong man therefore I thee rede.
Id. The Remedie of Loue.
His tales with myn eares I herde,
But to myn herte came it nouht,
Ne sanke no deeper in my thought.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.
And whan the citee was a slepe,
A wilde fyre into the depe
Thei caste amonge the tymber werke.
Geometrie
Through which a man hath the sleight
Of length, of brede, of depth, or height.

Id. Ib. b. v.

Id. Ib. b. vii.

Not rashe in uttering, but ware in considering every matter: and thereby, not quick in speaking, but deepe of judgement, whether they write or give counsell in all weightie affairs. Ascham. The Schole Master, b. i.

Thy rightuousnese standeth lyke the stronge mountaynes, and thy judgements lyke the greate deepe. Bible, 1551. Psalm 36. We geue it [holy Sacrament] the same honour that we geue vnto the Holy Scripture and Word of God, because it expresseth vnto our senses the death of our Sauiour and doth more deepely print it within vs.-Frith. Workes, p. 168.

In the meane wale there is a little broke called Cocke not very broade, but of greate deapenes, in the whiche, what for haste of escapying, and for feare of folowers, a great number were drent and drowned.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 39. Dark'n'd so yet shon

Above them all th' Arch-angel: but his face
Deep scars of thunder had intrencht.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i.

What can be worse

Then to dwell here, driv'n out from bliss, condemn'd
In this abhorred deep to utter woe. Id. Ió. b. ii.

Happy the man, I grant, thrice happy, he,
Who can through gross effects their causes see:
Whose courage from the deeps of knowledge springs,
Nor vainly fears inevitable things.

Cowley. Virgil. Georgies, lib. ii.

I hear that you begin to blow the coal, and offer sacrifice to Demogorgan, the God of Minerals: Be well advis'd before you engage yourself too deep.-Howell, b. i. s. 6. Let. 41.

He made forts and barricadoes, heightened the ditches,

deepened the trenches.-Stow. Queen Elizabeth, an. 1601.

She brought Sir Henry Montague from delivering law on the King's Bench, to look to his bags in the Exchequer, for she made him Lord High Treasurer of England; but he parted with his white staff before the year's end, though his purse had bled deeply for it. (above 20,000.)

Howell, b. i. s. 3. Let. 1.

By these remarkable steps, among others, did the merciful hand of God, in this short space of time, not only bind up and heal all those wounds, but even make the scars as undiscernable, as, in respect of the deepness, was possible; which was a glorious addition to the deliverance.

Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. iii. p. 773.

This said; he [Proteus] diu'd the deepsome watrie heapes:
I, and my tried men, tooke vs to our ships.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv.
Through these his slights he many doth confound:
And eke the rocke, in which he wonts to dwell,
Is wondrous strong, and hewen far vnder ground
A dreadfull depth, how deep no man can tell.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9. The preservation of his life, which was in the utmost hazard, by reason of the prejudices then reigning, obliged him to confine himself to the deepest privacy.

Ludlow. Memoirs, Pref. The water deepned and sholdned so very gently, that in heaving five or six times we could scarce have a foot difference.-Dampier. Voyage to New Holland, an. 1699.

O save me God, thy floods about me roll,
Thy wrath divine hath overflow'd my soul:
I come at length where rising waters drown,
And sink in deep affliction, deeply down.

Parnell. The Gift of Poetry. The deepness of their soil, and wetness of seasons, which would render it unpassable, forces them, not only to exact ness of paving in their streets, but to the expence of so long causeys between many of their towns, and in their highways. Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces, c. 4. Achitophel had form'd it, with intent To sound the depths, and fathom where it went, The people's hearts, distinguish friend from foes, And try their strength before they came to blows.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel, pt. i.
But now, admitted guests in heav'n, we rove
Free and familiar in the realms above:
The wonders hidden deep in earth below,
And nature's laws, before conceal'd we know.

Fawkes. Eulogy on Sir I. Newton
Ere yet the deepening incidents prevail,
Till rous'd attention feel our plaintive tale,
Record whom chief among the gallant crew,
Th' unblest pursuit of fortune hither drew

Falconer. Shipwreck, c. 1.
But Jove, in goodness ever wise,
Hath hid, in clouds of depthless night,
All that in future prospect lies,
Beyond the ken of mortal sight.

Francis. Horace, b. iii. Ode 29. DEER, n. A. S. Deor; Dut. Dier; GerThier; Sw. Djur. Somner says, Deor; wild deer, wild beasts of all kind ;" and the etymologist= derive it from the Gr. Onp, bestia.

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And the parc of Wodestoke, & der ther inne do.
R. Gloucester, p. 439
The kyng no man suld deme in courte for wilde dere.
R. Brunne, p. 110
He shewed him, or they went to soupere,
Forestes, parkes ful of wilde dere.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,502 White foxes and dere-skinnes are brought thither by the men of Penninge.-Huckluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 257.

First. for his weeping into the needlesse streame;
Poore deere, quoth he, thou mak'st a testament
As worldlings doe, giuing thy sum of more
To that which had too much.

Shakespeare. As You Like It, Act ii. sc. 1.

Here the brakishness of the water, and the grossenesse of the ayre, is recompensed by the goodness of the earth, abounding with deries and pasture. Fuller. Worthies. Lincolne-shire.

Whom [Python] Phoebus basking on a bank espy'd;
Ere now the God his arrows had not try'd,
But on the trembling deer, or mountain goat;
At this new quarry he prepares to shoot.

Dryden. Ovid. Met. b. i.

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To take away "all the feture of the face," (Gower ;) to disfigure, to deform; to destroy the face, form or figure; and, generally, to destroy. It was conserued with the shade,

All the writing that I sie,

Of a castell that stoode on hie And stode eke in so cold a place That heat might it not deface.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii.

And all the feture of thy face In suche a wise I shall deface, That euery man the shall forbeare.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. For as the Apostles in the primitive age first planted the church in trueth of the Gospel: so the same trueth beyng agayne defaced and decayed by enemies in thys our latter tyme, there was none that trauayled more ernestly in restoring of the same in this realme of England, than did William Tyndall.

Tyndall. Works. Foxe's Epistle to the Reader.

The which defacynge & blottyng of the beutye of that countrey, sometyme called the quene of ye earth, and floure of the worlde, chaunced not of her awne selfe or her awne cause or desert. but that Italians her awne suckyng chyldren opened the gappe, and made the waye of her destruccion. Hall. Hen. VII. an. 7.

You may haue heard, that his grace was enforced to flye cut of Britaine into France, for doubts of being betrayed; his grace would not in any sort haue that reflect vpon the Duke of Britaine, in defacement of his former benefits. Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 55.

Hip. Twere pity

The ruins of so fair a monument
Should not be dipt in the defacer's blood.

Tournear. The Revenger's Tragedy, Act i. sc. 1. They tende to the disturbing of the quiet state of the church, the discrediting and defacing of such as be in authoritie, and maintaining of licentiousness and lewd libertie. Whitgift. Defence, p. 31.

Better a thousand such as I,

Their grief untold, should pine and die Than her bright morning, overcast

first; there was no need of it, no opportunity for it, it must suppose a defailance, or an infirmity, as physick supposes sickness and mortality.-Bp. Taylor. On Repentance,

Were there times by law or custom defined, (as in some places indeed there are,) when all men should be required in person solemnly to attend on their Prince, for professing their allegiance, or deferring any homage to him; would not those who should wilfully refuse or decline appearance, be justly chargeable as guilty of dishonouring and wronging him? would not their such defailance pass for sufficient proof, that they do not acknowledge him, that at least they do not much regard or value him?-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 7.

There are no cares to disturb, nor fears to allay, nor sorrows to abate those ravishments of delight for ever; there is joy which far surpasseth the half sad and mixed pleasures of this world, being nothing else but pure delight, which pleaseth by its own excellence, and by having nor fears nor possibility of defailance in degree or continuance.

Comber. Companion to the Temple, pt. ii. s. 4. DEFA'ITED. Mr. Tyrwhitt says,-Wasted. It is Fr. Desfait or desfaict; defeated, undone ; decayed in feature and colour.

He so defaite was, that no maner man
Unneth he might knowen there he went
So was he leane, and thereto pale and wan
And feble.
Chaucer. Troilus, b. v.

And of himselfe imagined he oft
To ben defaited, pale and woxen lesse
Than he was wont.

DEFALK, v. DEFA'LCATE, v. DEFALCA'TION.

}

Id. Ib.

Fr. Deffalquer; It. Difalcare, subtrahere, (q.d.); Lat. Defalcare, i. e. falce resecare, et quasi amputare; to cut off as with a falchion. To cut off, prune or lop off, take away part of; to diminish, to withdraw, to deduce, to subtract.

Although philosophers applie magnificence to the substaunce and astate of princis, and to priuate persones beneficence and liberalitie; yet ben nat these in anie parte defalcate of their cōdigne praises.

Sir T. Elyot. Governovr, b. ii. c. 10.

And thereupon, Dec. 31, 1622, the lord treasurer did agree with them, that they should be allowed £9500. to be defalked in 9 years out of their rent after the rate of £1000. per ann. State Trials. Lord Treasurer Middlesex, an. 1624. Our actions are viewed, our account is kept; and we are sure, to receive rewards for what we have given, and vengeance for what we have defalked.

Bp. Hall. Contem. The Widow's Mite.

But how infinitely temerarious is it for vile wretches either to invert or defalcate, and as it were to decimate the laws of the great God, by the which they and all their actions, must be judged at the last day?

Hopkins. Exposition. On Tenth Commandment.

Upon this the old gentleman, being pleased, it seems, with their desire of improving themselves, has granted them the continuance both of the Spectator and their bread and butter; having given particular orders, that the tea table shall be set forth every morning with its customary bill of fare, and without any manner of defalcation.-Spectator, No. 488.

One would have thought the natural method in a plan of reformation would be, to take the present existing estimates as they stand; and then to shew what may be practicably and safely defalcated from them. Burke. On a late State of the Nation.

Nay, it is assured, that a reversionary grant of the office of laureat has in this instance been added to the treasurer

With sulien clouds, should be defac'd.—Waller. On Sylvia. ship, yet with the defalcation of the annual butt of sack,

The will of God, saith St. Paul, is our sanctification; what is that? what, but that the decaies of our frame, and the defacements of God's image within us should be repaired; that the faculties of our soul should be restored to their eriginal integrity and vigour.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 4.

With these honourable qualifications, and the decisive advantage of situation,-low craft and falsehood are all the abilities that are wanting to destroy the wisdom of ages, and to deface the noblest monument that human policy has erected-I know such a man.-Junius, Let. 57.

Yet in all these straits, we see him [the Pope] display, amidst the recent ruins and the new defacements of his plundered capital, along with the mild and decorated piety of the modern, all the spirit and magnanimity of ancient Rome. Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 3.

DEFAIL, v.

"Fr. Défaillance; a failing, DEFA'ILANCE. languor, faintness; defect, want, lack, defection, (Cotgrave.) From the Fr.

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Défaillir, to fail; from Lat. De, and fallere, (Skinner.) See To FAIL.

Which to withstand I boldly enter thus,
And will defail, or else prove recreant.

Machin. The Dumb Knight, Act i. sc. 1. It was necessary that the covenant of works should begin, fer the covenant of faith and repentance could not be at

which the lord steward calculates will be a great saving to the nation.-Mason. Ode to Sir Fletcher Norton, Note.

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Wilom ther was dwelling in my contree
An archedeken, a man of high degree,
That boldely did execution
In punishing of fornication,

Of defamation, &c.-Id. The Freres Prologue, v. 6888.
And better it shall: for of thy dede

The worlde shall euer singe and rede,

In remembrance of thy defame.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

O euil tonges, which clap at eu'ry winde
Ye slea the quick, and eke the dead defame,
Those that liue well, some faut in them ye fynde;
Ye take no thought in slaundering their good name.
Vncertaine Auctors. Against Wicked Tongues.

And if we do, or suffre to be done to the cotrary, by any maner of way, the which God forbede, we wyll than, yt we be reputed for false and forsworne, and to ryn into suche blame and diffamy as a kinge sacred ought to do in suche case. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. e. 242.

Lastly, the end of it must be either to the diffamation of the queen's majesty, or stirring up of insurrection, sedition, and rebellion; for the former I trust, that the whole course of our behaviour, both in our ministry and conversation, declareth itself to be so far from seeking to defame her highness, as it tendeth, to the uttermost of our powers, to the advancement of her honour.-State Trials. J. Udal, an. 1590. I meane curyous, fantasticall parsons, pryuye dyffamours of dylygent and vertuous laboure. Nicoll. Thucydides, Pref. fol. 3.

But on the tother syde now, if he saye not true, but that in the diffaming & slaunderyng of the spiritualitie, hys sentence ended not there, but wet there much farther furth, & so farre furth also, as amoūted vnto as much as I say yt he sayd, and vnto much more too: then will euery man beare me record, yt I missereport not him, but he me.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1008.

But shee herselfe did thinke it done for spight,
And touched was with secret wrath and shame
Therewith, as thing deuiz'd her to defame.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 5.

They that went about to excuse the defame of this slight, reported how he [Earl of Arrane] feared that he should have beene betraied to the English by his host, for hatred which they had conceiued against him for manie of his offences. Holinshed. Scotland. Queen Marie, an. 1544.

Their ayme is onely men's defamation, not their reformation; since they proclaime men's vices unto others, not lay them open to themselves.

Prynne. Histrio-Mastix, pt. i. Act iii. sc. 6.

When C. Calvus after certaine libels and defamatorie epigrams against him, dealt by the mediation of friends for a reconciliation, he [Julius Cæsar] of his owne accord wrote first unto him.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 28.

And where my lord advocate doth urge against the pannel defaming of the noblemen, it is answered by the pannel, that the first author must be the defamer, and not the revealer.-State Trials, an. 1631. Lord Uchiltrie.

They held no torture then so great as shame,
And that to slay was less than to defame.

Butler. On the Weakness and Misery of Man. Many virulent writers, (whether set on to it, or officiously studying to merit by it, did not appear,) threw out, in many defamatory libels, a great deal of their malice against the Duke of Marlborough: they compared him to Catiline, to Crassus, and to Anthony: and studied to represent him as a robber of the nation and as a public enemy.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1712. Joyn. He is a wit, you say, and what are wits? but contemners of matrons, seducers, or defamers of married women.

Wycherly. Love in a Wood, Act iii. sc. 1. Another very easy and unexpensive method of being serviceable to others is, by vindicating the characters of those that have been unjustly defamed and traduced.

Porteus, vol. ii Ser. 17.

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Why do we not spede vs hastely to come vnto that rest of eternite whiche may be obteyned by oure litel and shorte Jabours here rather than folow ye voluptuous pleasures of this worlde, whereby we shall come in to euerlastynge defatigacyons & werynesse in helle.

Fisher. Seuen Psalmes, Ps. 143. pt. ii.

Up which defatigating hill, nevertheless we scrambled, but with difficulty.-Sir T. Herbert. Travels, p. 200.

It was no fault of ours that we did not uncessantly keep our spiritual powers upon the most intense exercises that they were capable of exerting; we were made on set purpose defatigable, that so all degrees of life might have their exercise.-Glanvill. Pre-existence of Souls, c. 14.

Another reprehension of this color is in respect of defatigation, which makes perseverance of greater dignity than inception, for chance or instinct of nature may cause inception, but settled affection, or judgment, maketh the continuance.

Bacon. A Table of the Colours of Good and Evil, pt. ii.

DEFAULT, n.
DEFAULT, V.

DEFAULTER.

défaut

From Fr. Défaillir, to fail. (See DEFAILANCE, and FAULT.) "Fr. Défault or

A fault, offence or defect; any want, lack, penury, scantness or scarceness; a defection," (Cotgrave.)

Chaucer renders, (Boethius, b. lii.) bonis pluribus carent, "there be defaut of many goods.'

The verb, to default, is sanctioned by Milton;To fail or be deficient, or cause to fail or be deficient, or be wanting; to miss or omit.

So that of god ynow, that in other londes ys
Ther by cometh to Engelond, that no defaute nys.
R. Gloucester, p. 2.

Sir, for this hire feste & for the Trinite,
Suffre vs nought to lese, for defaute of the.

R. Brunne, p. 16.
Ac be yow never the furste. the defaute to blame.
Piers Plouhman, p. 203.

And for ther is so great diuersitie

In English, and in writing of our tong So pray to God, that none miswrite the, Ne the misse metre, for defaut of tong.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. v.

Ye, God amend defautes, sire, quod she,
Algates welcome be ye, by my fay.

Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7392.

Lo, sayth the kynge, nowe maie ye see,
That there is no defaute in mee.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

And yet for defaute dyed great multytude of people in sundry placys of the lade, and whete was solde this yere and the next followyng at London for iiii. marke a quarter and aboue.-Fabyan. Edw. II. an. 1317.

Yet since it was his fortune, not his fault,
Himselfe thereof he laboured to acquite,
And pardon crau'd for his so rash default,
That he gainst courtesie so fowly did default.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 3.

So that from thence we shall not need dispute whether they have depos'd him, or what they have defaulted towards him as no king, but shew manifestly how much they have done toward the killing him.

Milton. The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates.

Were it possible that some religious Justinian might after the same manner imploy the wits of some of the best learned in examining the controversies, and selecting out of the best writers what is necessary, defaulting unnecessary and partial discourses, and so digest into order the method, and leave for the direction of posterity, as it were, theological pandects: infinite store of our books might very well lie by, and peaceably be buried; and after ages reap greater profit with smaller cost and pains. Hales. Remains. Ser. Rom. xiv. 1.

This day hath been wholly taken up in calling the house over. The defaulters are to be called over this day se'nnight, and then they, and who shall absent themselves in the mean time, to be proceeded against.

Marvell. Works, vol. i. p. 57.
Feb. 16. A clause for doubly assessing the members, de-
faullers in attendance, in the bill of subsidies, was moved.
Parliamentary History, an. 1672.

Nor yet condemn me as disabled quite,
If I can do no more-you see I write :
Still make our former loves my pleasing theme,
And, in default of passion, give you fame.

Boyse. To his Wife.
Fr. Desfaire, to undo;

The whiles that hoarie king, with all his traine,
Being arriued, where that champion stout
After his foes defeasance did remaine,

Him goodly greets.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 12.
He made Egerton to acknowledge a recognizance of 10,000
marks, with a defeazance, that if my lord chancellor did
decree it for him, 6000 marks was to be distributed among
those honourable persons that did solicit for him.

State Trials, an. 1620. Lord Bacon.

Puff. How? I tell thee, Justice Tutchin, not all
Thy bailiffs, sergeants, busy constables,
Defesants, warrants, or thy mittimusses,
Shall save his throat from cutting, if he presume
To woo the widow eclipped Taffata;

She is my wife by oath.-Barry. Merry Tricks, Act iii. sc.1.

If the king be seised of land by a defesible title, and dieth seised, this descent shall toll the entry of him that right hath, as it appeareth by 9 E. IV. 51.

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He was afterwards an hungry, [said the Evangelist.] and his abstinence from meat might be a defecation of his facul ties, and an opportunity of prayer, but we are not sure it intended any thing else.-Bp. Taylor. Gt. Exemp. pt.i. s. 9.

Till the soul be defecate from the dregs of sense, and re-
fined to an angelic temper, it can "never taste how good the
Lord is," and will not forsake sensual enjoyments.
Bates. On Spiritual Perfection, c. I.

The Cocceians [the followers of Hutchinson] have sublimed the crude nonsense of the Cabalists, so long buried in the dull amusement of picking mysteries out of letters, into a more spiritual kind of folly; a quintessence well defecated from all the impurities of sense and meaning. Warburton. Divine Legation, b. v. s. 1.

DEFE/CT, v.
DEFECT, n.
DEFECT, adj.
DEFECTIBLE.
DEFECTIBILITY.
DEFECTION.
DEFECTIVE.
DEFECTIVELY.
DEFECTIVENESS.
DEFECTUOUS.
DEFECTUOSITY.
DEFICIENT.
DEFICIENCE.

DEFICIENCY.

Lat. Deficere, defectum, to undo; (de, and facere, to do.)

A defect, any thing undone, (sc.) which ought to be done; and thereforewanting.

Defect, the verb, is used by some of our old writers;

To be wanting, to fail, to fall off, to fall short; to be insufficient; to be inadequate. And,

Deficient, wanting, fail

He therefore what by deceitful frande, flaterye and fayering, falling off; falling short, insufficient, inade-
false promises, gote the fauour of ye Romans to defeat his
brother's sone of the kingdom.-Joye. Expos. of Daniel, c.11.

Where our Indians flayed off the skinne of his head, cut
off both his armes in the high way, reseruing his haire for
the triumph, which their king hoped to make for the defeat
of his enemy.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 340.

He all their ammunition
And feats of war defeats,

With plain heroic magnitude of mind

And celestial vigour arm'd.-Milton. Samson Agonistes.
Too well I see and rue the dire event
That with sad overthrow and foul defeat
Hath lost us heav'n.- Id. Paradise Lost, b. i.

The day defore the night of my defeature,

He greets me with a casket richly wrought;
So rare, that art did seem to strive with nature,
T' express the cunning workman's curious thought.
Daniel. The Complaint of Rosamond.
And therefore hath she brib'd the destinies,
To cross the curious workmanship of nature,
To mingle beauty with infirmities,
And pure perfection with impure defeature.
Shakespeare. Venus & Adonis.
The flame spreading farre abroad declared the diffeature
of the Samnites more evidently, and staied them there for
going farther.-Holland. Livivs, p. 384.

Yea, Almighty God himself often complains, how in a
manner his designs were defeated, his desires thwarted, his
offers refused, his counsels rejected, his expectations de-
ceived. Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 1.

But if this be sufficient to convict the adventure of im-
posture, the best attested facts of antiquity will be in danger;
such, for instance, as the defeat of Julian's impious purpose
to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem; to the true circum-
stances of which defeat, the relators of it have added many
very fabulous and absurd.

Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. Notes.
DEFECATE, v. Fr. Déféquer; to fine,
DEFECATE, adj. purge, cleanse, purify. Lat.
DEFECA'TION. Defecare-

To free from the faces, lees, dregs, any filthy
excrescence; to purify.

And sith ye are all seven deficate
Perticipant of diuine sapience,

This great iniury done to our hie estate
Methink with pain we shuld make recõpence.
Chaucer. The Testament of Creseide.

If the corne be good, the water holesome and clene, and
the ale or biere welle and perfytelye brewed and clensed, and
by the space of syx dayes or more, settled and defecate it
must needs be a necessary & conuenient drynk, as well in
syknes as in helth.-Sir T. Elyot. Castle of Helth, b. ii.

They were neuer yet in any age, or countrie, that I can heare, or reade of; so regulated, or reformed by lawes, or otherwise; as to be thoroughly defecated, and purged from their filthinesse, or reduced to such honest, commendable, profitable, necessary, or Christian ends, as might justly plead in their defence.-Prynne. Histrio-Mastix, pt. i. Act ii. Thus we are involved in inextricable perplexities about

DEFEASANC (see DEFEAT.) And thus the divine nature, and attributes; and in our reasonings

DEFEASIBLE.

To annul, to abrogate, to avoid or make void.
Spenser uses defeasance as defeat.

about those sublimities are puzled with contradictions,

which are but toyings of our plancies, no absurdities to our
more defecate faculties.-Glanvill. Van. of Dogmat. c. 11.

quate.

For (qd. she) thou must nedes know, that good folke ben alwaie stronge & mighty, and the shrewes ben feeble and defect, & naked of all strengthes.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv.

If they had let the action fall at the height thereof in respect of those defects, which were such especially for the seruice at land, as would haue made a mighty subiect stoope vnder the, I do not see how any man could iustly haue layd any reproch vpon him who commanded the same.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 136.

Marke this hardely, for suche a defection from Christ as Saint Paul speketh of, and of the strong delusyon yt they shuld haue which beleued lyes, yt they mighte be dampned. 2 Thess. ii.-Bale. English Votaries, pt. ii.

Defected honour neuer more

Is to be got againe.-Warner. Albion's Engl. b. v. c. 28. After he [Earl of Essex] perceiued that nature began to faile and defect, he yeelded himselfe to die, and was verie desirous that his friends and wellwillers should haue access vnto him, and to abide by him at their pleasure.

Holinshed. Ireland, an. 1576.
O why did God,
Creator wise, that peopl'd highest heav'n
With spirits masculine, create at last
This novelty on earth, this fair defect
Of nature.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x.
Now Arius maintained, the Son or word, to be кrieμa, a
creature, made in time, and mutable or defectible.
Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 06.

It hath a defectible understanding, and a free and changeable will, and innumerable weaknesses.

Bp. Taylor. Dissuasive from Popery, pt. ii. Introd. And some of these are the more considerable, I mean. those defectibilities in pronunciation, because the priest always speaking the words of consecration in a secret voo not to be heard.-Bp. Taylor. Disc. of the Real Presence.

And this defectibility may well be supposed, seeing it la granted by all, that there was that difference between the condition of saints and angels now in glory, and of the angels and Adam in their creation estate.

Goodwin. Works, vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 28.

The king thought it unjust to condemn a nation for the transgression of a part of it, and still hoped to redeem it from the infamy of a general defection.

Clarendon. Civil War, vol. i. p. 113.

We press nature with overweighty burdens, and finding her strength defective, we take the work out of her hands, and commit it to the artificial help of strong waters, hot spices, and provoking sauces.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 5. s. 5. Fabius Maximus is reprehended by Polybius for defec tively writing the Punicke warres.-Speed. The Proeme. And what greater nakedness or unfitness of mind than that which hinders ever the solace and peaceful society of the married couple: and what hinders that more than the unfitness and defectiveness of an unconjugal mind?

Milton. Doctrine, &c. of Divorce, c.1.

Amongst the infirmities, therefore, of a commonwealth, I will reckon in the first place those that arise from an imperfect institution, and resemble the diseases of a natural body, which proceed from a defectuous procreation.

Hobbs. Of Commonwealth, c. 29.

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Wherefore to encounter these inconveniences, we have with painfull and faithfull service every where sought out, and collected assistances, that supplements to deficients,—to variations, rectifications,-may be ministered.

Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, Pref.

It would argue doubtless in the other party great deficience and distrust of themselves, not to meet the force of his reason, in any field whatsoever, the force and equipage of whose arms they have so often met victoriously. Milton. Answer to Eikon Basilikè.

So may I reply, there is no more rectitude and resemblance of God in this world, than he hath ordain'd from eternitie; concurrently with the gift of free-will to his creature, from the perversion whereof all deficiencie and dissimilitude from God arises.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. ii. Treat. 4. s. 3.

Now his mind was to have made up this defect, by taking the picture, and placing it, as it might stand properly enough, before the whole book of the Psalms: and being fair on the back side, to have appointed his servant Lyly, an artist in such matters, to have written thereon what was defective. Strype. Life of Parker, b. iv. s. 3.

There were fewer instances then of leaving one sect for another, than now we have of defection to Popery, or of apostacy to Mahometism.-Bentley. On Free Thinking, § 49.

But, when this matter was in private debated, some observed, that, King James by going about to prove the truth of the birth, and yet doing it so defectively, had really made it more suspicious than it was before.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1689.

In the same manner, self contempt supposes a self meanness or defectiveness; and may be either a just modesty, or unjust humility.-Shaftesbury. The Moralist.

Nothing in Nature, or in Providence that is scant, or defectuous, can be stable and lasting. Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 15.

All of them [philosophers] (as has been before shown) were very imperfect and deficient, and far from being able to make up an entire and compleat scheme of the whole duty of man in all cases.

Clarke. On Nat. and Rev. Relig. Prop. 10.

In under-praising thy deserts, I wrong;
Here find the first deficience of our tongue :
Words, once my stock, are wanting, to commend
So great a poet, and so good a friend.

Dryden. Epistle to Mr. Motteux.

They found the deficiencies in the former reign were of two sorts; the one was of sums that the Commons had voted, but for which they had made no sort of provision; the other was, where the supply that was given came short of the sum it was estimated at: and between these two, the deficiencies amounted to fourteen millions: this was the root of the great debt that lay on the nation. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1702.

If they see one man beat another they readily enough discern a power in him that beats, but they cannot so easily Conceive the others defeat owing to his power of being beaten, which they rather look upon as weakness and defect of power. Search. Light of Nature, pt. i. c. 1.

He quickly therefore withdrew himself from such wretched auxiliaries, and the Regent himself seemed pleased at his defection. Goldsmith. Life of Lord Bolingbroke.

It [revelation] was given for the instruction of all mankind, the lowest as well as the highest, the most illiterate as well as the wise and learned; and if with any difference, with a special regard to the benefit of those, who from their Condition were the most deficient in the means of natural improvement.-Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 8.

Hence, as this island consists of mountain-land and valley, most always make a middling crop; for when the low grounds fail, the uplands supply the deficiency. Grainger. Sugar Cane, b. i. Notes.

And after all, the rules of religion and virtue, which were drawn up by these philosophers, have been very imperfect and defective in many instances.

Watts. The Strength of Human Reason, Conf. 3.

DEFENCE, v.

DEFENCE, n.
DEFENSION.
DEFENCELEss.
DEFENCELESSLY.
DEFENCELESSNESS.

Defend.
DEFENDABLE.
DEFENDANT, N.
DEFENDANT, adj.
DEFENDER.
DEFENDING, N.
DEFE'NDRESS.

DEFENSATIve.
DEFENSER.
DEFENSIBLE.
DEFENSIVE, adj.
DEFENSIVE, n.
DEFENSIVELY.
DEFE'NSOUR.

Fr. Défense; It. Defensione; Sp. Defensa; Fr. Défendre; It. Difendere; Sp. Defender; Lat. Defendere, proprie de se ac suis fendere, hoc est arcere, depellere.

1. To keep or hold off, ward off, repel; and thus -to guard, to secure, to fortify, to uphold, to pro

tect.

2. To keep off, to ward off; to reject, to repel, to resist; to prohibit, to forbid, to contradict, to deny.

Mr. Tyrwhitt says, to defend, in Rom. of the Rose, is to ransom; it is, to guard, protect, save themselves, (sc.) by the gifts of lampreie; and thus, redeem or ransom themselves, or they shall be bound with a cord, &c. From pres. part. defendens, we should write defendent.

To defence or defense, is used by our old writers as they used, to defend. And see the quotations from Blackstone.

Al bar wyth out defense, by northe and eke by southe.
R. Gloucester, p. 253.
Vor gret raunson he esste [asked] of hom, to helpe him
spene, [spend]

Vor defendi is lond, & is worre to sousteen.-Id. p. 498.
And wo so another monne's god by nyme wol myd vnrygt,
Myd rygt he may ys owe lese, gyf the defendor ath the
mygte.
Id. p. 198.
Hii hulde hom there defensables, to libbe other to deie.
Id. p. 549.
He salle at thi wille mak alle thin amendes,
& late alle be stille, that thou him defendes.

R. Brunne, p. 177.
Ac God to alle good folke. suche guvynge defendeth.
Piers Plouhman, p. 41.
Kyngs and knyghtes, that holy churche defenden.
Id. p. 147.
Adam afterwarde. a gens hus defens [this prohibition]
Faste fret [eat] of that fruit.
Id. p. 350.

But summe for enuye and stryf, summe for good wille prechen Crist, and summe of charite witynge that I am put in the defense of the Gospel.-Wiclif. Philipensis, c. 1.

As it is iust to me to feele this thing for all ghou for that I haue ghou in herte and in my boondis and in defendyng and confermyng of the Gospel that alle ghe be felowis of my ioye.-Id. Ib.

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Id. Legend of Ariadne. Id. Troilus, b. iii.

If that I break your defence, [i. e. prohibition.]
At last, she saied to a yong man hartlesse
Other disceit vnware and defencelesse.

Id. The Remedie of Loue.
How may this weke woman han the strength
How to defend again this renegate?

Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 3532.

By all the saints that we preie But they defend them with lampreie. He shall haue of corde a loigne With which men shall him binde.-Id. Rom. of the Rose. Prudence answered; certes wel I wote, attempre weping is nothing defended, to hem that sorweful is, among folke in sorwe, but it is rather graunted him to wepe. Id. The Tale of Melibeus.

I am seruant of these creatures to me deliuered, not lord, but defendour.-Id. The Testament of Loue, b. ii. At euery corner of this wall Was set a tour ful principall And euerich had without fable A portcolise defensable To kepe of enemies.

Id. Rom. of the Rose.

Against the proud Grekes made defencio
With her victorious hand.

Id. The IX. Ladies Worthie. Balade.

And Adam eke in Paradise,
When he stode moste in all his prise,
After the state of innocence,
Ayen the God brake his defence,

And fell out of his place aweie.-Gower, Con. A. b. v.

For worde is wynde, but the maistrie

Is that a man hym selfe defende

Of thynge, which is not to commende.-Gower. C. A. b. iv,
Which masse he willed to be reared hye
Toward the skies, and ribbed all with oke:
So that your gates, ne wall might it receiue,
Ne yet your people might defensed be
By the good zele of old deuotion.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ji But when they came thether and founde the toune better manned and more strongly defenced, then expectation ima gined, thei gaue no assaute but laied seige aboute the toune. Hall. Hen. VI. an. 5.

But when no defencion could take place, but all went by tyrannie and meere extortion, it burst in the end to an vp. rore and tumult.

Fox. Martyrs, p. 159. Marriage of Priests Defended. The plaintife sayth, I require the law; which is graunted: then commeth an officer and arresteth the party defendant, and vseth him contrary to the lawes of England.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 240 Such a bitter contention was among them, that the defendant part was driuen for a while to keepe silence.

Fox. Martyrs, p. 658. Christ's Pouertie Denied. The more appeareth the feblenesse of their parte, and the falsehoode of theyr heresies, if they haue any greate witte, or any greate learninge in deede, and then for all that, in the defendynge of those matters wyth suche foolyshe hande lynge so shamefully confounde them selfe. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 863.

What furious thought, my wretched spouse, quod she,
Did moue thee now such wepons for to weld?
Why hastest thow? This time doth not require
Such succor, ne yet such defenders now.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii.

The kynge sent out his cōmyssyoners, chargynge his lordes with theyr assygnes sowdyours, to mete with hym in deffensyble arraye at the cytie of Arras by Marymawdeleyne day next ensuing.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1377.

Moreouer, as thou knowest not the infirmitie, so thou approachest not to the cure & helthe. The dolour is not there, as thou haste made defensiues.-Golden Boke, c. 42.

Thei that be ill, been alwaies double ill, bycause thei beare armour defensiue to defend their own yuels and armes offensiue, to assaile the good maners of other.-Id. c. 15.

Dyuers popes, as Alexander the Syxte, Pius the iii. and Julius the ii. nowe beynge pope, by theyr tymes, eyther of them sunderly, wyth auctorytie & concent of theyr spyrituall & deuyne counsayll, elected & chase thys excellente prynce, and admytted hym for cheyefe defensour of Chrystes church, before all other Crysten prynces.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1609,

If I may know any of their fautors, comforters, counsellers or defencers, or any that haue suspect bookes or quiers of such errours and heresies: I shall let you, my lord of Canterburie, or your officers in your absence, or the diocesans and ordinaries of such men, haue soone and readie knowing. Fox. Martyrs, p. 591. Certain Godly Persons persecuted. Human invention

Could not instruct me to dispose her where
She could be more defenced from all men's eyes;
An anchorite lives not prisoned in a wall
With more security.-Shirley. The Bird in a Cage.
He is, said he, a man of great defence
Expert in battell and in deeds of armes.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2.
King Dermote, whom his subjects then
And long ere then did hate,
Was left defencelesse, desprate of
His lif, depriu'd his state,
And fled to England.

Warner. Albion's England, b. v. c. 26
Love is as subtily catch'd as a disease;
But being got it is a treasure sweet
Which to defend is harder than to get.
And ought not be profan'd on either part,
For though 'tis got by chance, 'tis kept by art.

Donne, Elegy 17. Having battered the walls of the town on the south side, but to small purpose, because of the rampiers and ditches which the defendents had cast up within; he retired himself and his army to Leith.

Spotswood. Church of Scotland, an. 1571.

They could not inforce the dutie of men's communion with a church confest to be in many things blame-worthy, vnlesse they should oftentimes seeme to speake as halfe defendors of the faults themselues, or at the least not so vehement accusers thereof as their adversaries.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 62. Shortlie after the kyng gathered the sixt penie of the temporall men's goods through England, Ireland, and Wales, which had been granted him at the foresaid Parlement holden at Yorke, towards the defending of the realme against the Scotts.-Holinshed. England. Edw. II. an. 1323.

Who in Latine, French, and English pronounced the Queene's maiesties vsuall stile of England, France, and Ireland, defendresse of the faith, &c. crying three times largesse.-Stow. Queen Elizabeth, an. 1586.

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