The season of the year is now come, in which the theatres are shut, and the card tables forsaken; the regions of luxury are for awhile unpeopled, and pleasure leads out her votaries to groves and gardens, to still scenes and erratick gratifications.-Rambler, No. 124. Lo! while our isle with one loud Pæan rings, Though he should sign a hundred protests ir a session, and daily eructate his invectives against the most respectable men, we will not be misled.-Knox, Ess. 9. Never let him read with an indigestion, nor after vomiting, nor with sour eructations. Sir W. Jones. Economicks and Private Morals. E'RUDITE, adj. Fr. Erudition; It. Erudito, ERUDITION. Seruditione; Sp. Erudito, eruHarte. To the Prince of Orange. dicion; Lat. Eruditio, from erudire, (e, and rudis, Hence too we learn with what proportion'd force The refluent main.-Fawkes. Eulogy on Sir I. Newton. O blest proficiency! surpassing all Cowper. Retirement. Now, hid beneath the flowery turf, they pass; ERRAND. (Sometimes written Arrand, qv.) A. S. Erend-ian, to bear or carry tidings, to deliver a message, to declare or bring news. Erend,-tidings, news, a message, an embassy. Godes arend-gast; an angel, a spiritual messenger or embassador, one going on God's errand. See Somner. Tho me tolde him here ernde.-R. Gloucester, p. 147. Now, sir king, quath Pandulf, thou sedest vs ar this If thou thine honour mightest saue Thider, for thy loue's sake Ful faine thou woldest, but for drede Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. And who (amongst all the rest of his seven sonnes) shall be pickt out for this service, but his youngest sonne David, whose former and almost worne-out acquaintance in court, and employment under Saul seemed to fit him best for this errand.-Bp. Hall. Cont. David & Goliah. For remembring that he took no money with him when he came from his house, and that Cicero his brother also had very little for himself, he thought it best that Cicero should hold on his journey, whilest he himself made an errand home to fetch such things as he lacked, and so to make haste again to overtake his brother. North. Plutarch, p. 729. He would understand men's true errand as soon as they had opened their mouths, and began their story in appearance to another purpose. Locke. Memoirs of Anthony Earl of Shaftesbury. At once, in bright procession spied, On one important errand bound. Brooke. Fables. Temple of Hymen. ERRHINE. Fr. Errhine; Gr. Eppia, from Ev, and pv, the nose. The examples explain the application of the word. Likewise Lysimachia stancheth bloud either in drinke, liniment, or errhine put up into the nose. Holland. Plinie, b. xxvi. c. 12. And we see sage or betony bruised, sneezing-powder, and other powders or liquors (which the physitians call errhines) put into the nose, draw flegme, and water from the head. Bacon. Naturall History, s. 38. ERUCTATE. Fr. Eructation; Sp. Eructar, ERUCTA'TION. Seructacion; It. Eruttare, eruttazione; Lat. Eructatio, from eructare; Gr. Epevyew, to throw out, to force out. To throw up, (sc. wind;) to belch. They would make us believe in Syracusa, now Messina, that Ætna in times past hath eructated such huge boggets of fire, that the sparks of them have burnt houses in Malta, above fifty miles off, transported thither by a direct strong wind.-Howell, b. i. s. 1. Let. 27. But, after all, cabbage ('tis confess'd) is greatly accused for lying undigested in the stomach, and provoking eructations; which makes me wonder at the veneration we read the ancients had for them, calling them divine, and swearing per brassicam.-Evelyn. Discourse of Salletts. from raudus, which is from the Gr. 'Paßdos, virga, sc. impolita,) extra ruditatem ponere,-to free from roughness, (Vossius.) Polished or well wrought; and, (met.) well instructed, well taught, deeply learned. The kinges highnes as a most erudite price and a most faithfull kinge in hys moste famouse boke ainoge many other great authorities & reasons, preced him, [Luther] sore with yt that the gloriouse apostle Saynet Paule calleth it a great sacrament himselfe.-Sir. T. More. Workes, p. 645. Fame be thy tutor, and thy parts of nature Shakespeare. Troil. & Cress. Act ii. sc. 3. We have not all of us need of the skill in hunting, of military science, of the art of navigation, nor of the mechanical handicrafts of artizans; but we all stand in need of learning and erudition.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 652. But sure there is a middle way to be followed; the management of a young lady's person is not to be overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded. Spectator, No. 66. ""Twere well," says one, sage, erudite, profound, Terribly arch'd, and aquiline his nose, And overbuilt with most impending brows, ""Twere well, could you permit the world to live As the world pleases: what's the world to you?" Cowper. Task, b. iii. He was not long satisfied with his Institution of a Christian man; he ordered a new book to be composed, called the Erudition of a Christian man. Hume. History of England, c. 32. ERUGINOUS. Lat. Eruginosus, from ærugo, the rust of brass, (æs, æris.) Fr. Erugineux, which Cotgrave says is, "of the colour of verdigrease; rusty, cankred or corrupted." Now artificial copperose, and such as we commonly use, is a rough and acrimonious kind of salt drawn out of ferreous and eruginous earths, partaking chiefly of iron and copper.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 12. ERUPTION. Fr. Eruption; It. Eruzione; ERUPTIVE. Sp. Erupcion; Lat. Eruptio, from erumpere, eruptum, to break or burst forth, (e, and rumpere, to burst.) A breaking or bursting out or forth; a bursting or rushing forth; a sallying forth; shouting or exclaiming. Miserable losses and continual had the English by their frequent eruptions, from this time to the Norman Conquest. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 1. Hor. In what particular thought to work I know not: But in the grosse and scope of my opinion This boades some strange eruption to our State. Shakespeare. Hamlet, Acti. sc. 1. For certain it is, that to his often mentioned secretary, Dr. Mason, whom he [the Duke of Buckingham] laid in a pallet near him, for natural ventilation of his thoughts, he would, in the absence of all other ears and eyes, break out into bitter and passionate eruptions. Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 227. All which is perverted in this eruptive generation. Brown. Vulgar Etrours, b. iii. c. 16. So when the Cyclops o'er their anvils sweat, And swelling sinews echoing blows repeat; From the volcanos gross eruptions rise, And curling sheets of smoke obscure the skies. Garth. The Dispensary, c. 1. The confusion of things, the eruptions of barbarians, the straits of emperours, the contentions of princes, &c. did all turn to account for him; and in confusion of things he did snatch what he could to himself. Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy. 'Tis listening fear and dumb amazement all; When to the startled eye the sudden glance Appears far south, eruptive through the cloud; And following slower, in explosion vast, The thunder raises his tremendous voice. Thomson. Summer. Anon, with black eruption from its jaws Mallet. The Excursion, c. 1. It is in the nature of these eruptive diseases in the state to sink in by fits, and re-appear. Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let! ES, our genitive and plural termination, may be the article As, in Ger. Es, equivalent in meaning to taken. E'SBAIED. BASE and BAW. Fr. Esbahir,-Abashed. See Chaucer writes, abawed. Wherewith [the Letter of Parmenio] he [Alexander] beynge nothynge esbaied, helde in his handes the letter, ar receyuyng the medycyne that Philippe gaue bym, at one tyme delyuered the letter open to Philyp, and dranke also the medycyne.-Sir T. Elyot. The Governotr, b. iii. c. ¡§ ESCALA'DE. From scala, a ladder, so called from the separations between step and step, from A. S. Scyl-an, to divide, to separate. ་ Fr. Escalade, a scalado, a skaling; the taking or surprising of a place by skaling," (Cotgrave.) Fr. Eschelle, a ladder. Brunne uses escheh generally, for a division of an army. The third eschele fulle harde was bisted. R. Brunne, p. 14 P And for the escaladaes, they had so bad successe, as the rebels were driuen from the walles with the losse of twe hundred men.-Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 181. ESCA'LOP. "I believe (says Skinner) from the A. S. Scala, a shell:" and shell is from th A. S. Scyl-an, to divide, to separate. The s is particularly so called, because the edges of th shell are unequal and jagged. With such ornament and decoration as best bea them; as to Nymphs, Tritons, Sea-Gods, escalop-shells. Fu Evelyn. An Account of Arch How can we imagine that any laws of motion can det mine the figure of the leaves, that they should be divi into so many jags or escallops, and curiously indented F the edges.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. See SCAPE. To go away, (sc.) out of the reach of dang out of difficulty, out of sight, out of notice. A as the "Fr. Eschapper,-to flie, evade, avoid; sh away; to scape, come or pass through, safely; free himself, or get rid from; to slip, creep winde out of," (Cotgrave.) Escaper,-occurs in the margin, 2 Kings ix. His praier did him bryng out of his hard cas, He suld not escape, thorgh bisshop granted fre, Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. l Id. The Clerkes Tale, v. 1? Yet not escaped from the dew reward Of his bad deedes, which daily he increast. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii c Bos. Hee is filed, he is filed, and dares not sit it out Bri. What has he made an escape, which way? f neighbour Haggise.-B. Jonson. Barthol. Faire, Activ Which my father's servants had so well concealed, så first breaking out of the war, in a private part of my h that they escaped the search of the enemy, who bad! dered all they could find, broken all the windows away the leads, and pulled up the boards in most part the house.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 186. No sooner was the king's escape taken notice of by the guards, but Col. Whalley hastened to the parliament with the letter which the king had left upon his table, shewing the reasons of his withdrawing, and his resolution not to desert the interest of the army. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 191. The greater the evil is, the more reason is there to venture the loss of a less good, or the suffering of a less evil for the escaping of it.-Wilkins. Natural Religion, b. i. c. 2. But soon the victor must his conquest mourn: a Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. iii. E/SCHAR. Gr. Eoxapa; Fr. Eschare; skar or hard scab upon a hurt, sore, wound; also, the crust which ariseth upon an actual or potenial cautery, (Cotgrave,) from A. S. Scir-an, to hear, to separate. See SCAR. Was late falle into his honde, Unto this knight, with rent and londe, But surely my guise is not to laye the fautes of the oughtye, to the charge of my whole companye, vppon shyrifes and call them rauenous, nor to rayle vppon eschetours ad call theym extorcionours.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 868. But being now prevented so by persecucion, that he canot bestow them in that other good waie that he wold, yet hile he parteth fro them, because he wil not parte fro the th, thoughe the Diuel's escheatour violently take them om him, yet willinglie geueth he them to God. Id. Ib. p. 1227. So this, breath'd on by no full influence, Cartwright. On Christ-Church Buildings. And therefore composing and framing himselfe on purpose counterfeit a noddie and a verie innocent, as suffering imselfe and all that he had to fall into the king's hands as aecheat, [præda,] he refused not to be misnamed Brutus, name appropriate to unreasonable creatures. Holland. Livivs, p. 39. Por the name escheator cometh from the French word cheoir, which signifieth to happen, or fall out; and he by is place is to search into any profit accrewing to the crown y casualty, by the condemnation of malefactors, persous ying without an heir, or leaving him in minority, &c. Fuller. Worthies. Somersetshire. And when the order of the Knights Templars was dis ived, it was then judged in favour of the lord by escheat. Burnet. Reformation, vol. i. b. iii. In those times were established the ridiculous rights of cheatage and shipwrecks. Montesquieu. The Spirit of the Laws, b. xxi. c. 13. Escheat, we may remember, was one of the fruits and sequences of foedal tenure, the word itself is originally reach or Norman, in which language it signifies chance or ideat; and with us it denotes an obstruction of the ourse of descent, and a consequent determination of the enure by some unforeseen contingency. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ij. c. 15. ESCHECKED, i. e. Checked or checkered, (qv.) Diuerse also were slain on the Earle of Richmond's part at this last encounter, and among other an English knight, that bare armes, eschecked siluer and gules. Holinshed. Edw. III. an. 1340. ESCHE/W. Fr. Eschever; Dut. Schouwen, schuwen; Ger. Scheuen; Sw. Sky; and perhaps the A. S. Scun-ian, to shun. Menage (in v. Echever) derives from D'excavere. To shun, to avoid, to fly from. Hald nat of harlotes, huyre nat here tales, Piers Plouhman, p. 130. But eschewe thou unhooli and veyne spechis, for whi tho profited mych to unfaithfulnesse.-Wiclif. 2 Tym. c. 2. Now shul ye understonde, that al be it so that non erthly man may eschewe al venial sinnes, yet may he refreine him, by the brenning love that he hath to our Lord Jesu Crist, and by prayer and confession, and other good werkes, so that it shal but litel grieve.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. For thy my sonne if thou wolt liue In vertue, thou must vice eschewe.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. A tale thou shalt vnderstond, How that a knight shall armes sewe, And for the while his ease eschewe.-Id. Ib. b. iv. Whylis the kynge was in his feastinge (the hande of God wryteth his destruccion) let them lerne therefore to estiew excesse dronkenes and blasphemies in banketinge and festing.-Joye. The Exposicion of Daniel, c. 5. These curious doubts which good men doe eschew, Stirling. Doomes-day. The Ninth Houre. Page. Well, what remedy? Fenton, heauen giue thee ioy, what cannot be eschew'd must be embrac'd. Shakespeare. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act v. sc. 5. | Many little neglects I [King Charles] will not take the pains to set down: as her eschewing to be in my company, when I have any thing to speak to her [the Queen], I must manage her servants first, else I am sure to be denied. Ludlow. Memoirs. Letters & Papers, vol. iii. p. 250. I suppose there are but few of you but know some such among your acquaintance, and none but may be very serviceable both to God and them, by putting them in mind, as ye have occasion, that they must not only eschew evil but do good in the world. That it is not enough for them to avoid what God hath forbidden, but they must do also what he hath commanded, as ever they expect and hope for his love and favour.-Bp. Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 83. ESCORT, v. "Fr. Escorte; a guide, conE'SCORT, n. } voy, or safeguard for the way," (Cotgrave.) The word does not appear to be of any long standing in English. Fr. Escorte; It. Scorta, formed from scorgere, and this from excorrigere, that is, dirigere, to guide or direct, (Menage.) To day shut out, still onward press, Francis. Horace. Satires, b. i. Having contrived, by making forced stages while the troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate, to make a stay of five days at Benares, I was thereby furnished with the means of acquiring some knowledge of the state of the province, which I am anxious to communicate to you. Burke. Works, vol. ii. Letter from W. Hastings. At the same time the Spanish fleete was escried by an English pinasse, captaine whereof was M. Thomas Fleming, after they had bene aduertised of the Spaniards' expedition by their scoutes and espials.-Hackluyt. Voy. vol. i. p. 596. The very next day, being the 20th of July, about high noon, was the Spanish fleete escried by the English, which with the south-west wind came sailing along, and passed by Plimmouth.-Id. Ib. ESCUAGE. Fr. Escu, scutum ; "Qui silicet clypeos in bello gestare obligantur; those who were bound to carry shields in war," (Skinner.) The pecuniary satisfaction of which Blackstone speaks, was a compensation for actual service; money paid in lieu of shields or shield-bearers; i. e. of soldiers. The cheefe cause that mooued the lords to this conspiracie, rose by reason the king demanded escuage of them that refused to go with him into Poictow. Holinshed. King John, an. 1215. The next was a duty reserved anciently out of every knight's fee which, at first, was constantly paid as a quitrent, but being very small, came, in time, to be neglected by the kings, that contented themselves with the military attendance of the knights in their wars; and with levying sometimes a greater duty, upon great or urgent occasions, under the name of escuage, which was burthensome and odious, till the proportions and occasions came to be ascertained. Sir W. Temple. Introd. to the History of England. This pecuniary satisfaction at last came to be levied by assessments, at so much for every knight's fee; and therefore this kind of tenure was called scutagium in Latin, or servitium scuti; scutum being then a well known denomination for money: and, in like manner, it was called in our northern French, escuage; being indeed a pecuniary, instead of a military service.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 5. E'SCULENT, adj. Lat. Esculentus, that E'SCULENT, n. may be eaten; from esca, food, and esca from edere, es-um, to eat. Any thing eatable, or that can or may be eaten. Thou never hadst in thy house, to stay men's stomachs, A piece of Suffolk cheese or gammon of bacon, Or any esculent, as the learned call it. Massinger. A New Way to Pay Old Debts, Act iv. sc. 2. Of hearbs and plants some are good to eat raw, others only after they are boyled or have passed the fire, but a number of hearbs are not esculent at all. But this preferment of one before another does not consist in giving secular advantages before the other, temporal honours and precedences in processions, in escutcheons and atchievments, but in doing the duty of that which is incum bent, and making the other minister to that which is more necessary.—Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iii. c. 3. ESCO'T. Fr. Escotter; every one, says Cotgrave, to pay his shot. His shot, is his cast; that which (the money which) he is to cast or throw This folly and profusion so far provoked the people, that down. "How are they escotted ?" how is their scot they threw dirt in the night on his [Richard Cromwell] or share of the reckoning paid? i. e. how are they escutcheon that was placed over the great gate of Somerset paid for or supported? See Scor. Ham. What are thy children? Who maintains 'em? How are they escotted?-Shakes. Hamlet, Act ii. sc. 2. ESCROW. A scrowl, (qv.) as it is explained in the example. A delivery may be either absolute, that is to the party or grantee himself; or to a third person, to hold till some conditions be performed on the part of the grantee: in which last case it is not delivered as a deed, but as an escrow; that is, as a scrowl or writing, which is not to take effect as a deed till the conditions be performed; and then it is a deed to all intents and purposes.-Blackstone. Com. b. ii. c. 20. ESCRY. To detect or discover. See DESCRY, and ASCRY. House.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 155. For what, gay friend, is this escutcheon'd world, Hence without blushing (say whate'er we can) Cawthorn. Nobility. A Moral Essay, (1752.) The addition of the escocheon of Edward the Confessor to his own, [Surrey's] although used by the family of Norfolk for many years, and justified by the authority of the heralds, was a sufficient foundation for an impeachment of high treason. Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. iii. The first example explains the usage. The philosophy of the Pythagoreans, like that of the other sects, was divided into the exoteric and esoteric; the open, taught to all; and the secret, taught to a select number. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. Note [BB.] The first observation I shall make on this long passage is, that the same subject, namely, the nature of superior beings, was handled in a two-fold manner; exoterically; and then the discourse was of the national Gods: esoterically; and then it was of the first cause of all things. 2. That the exoteric teaching admitted fable and falsehood, fabulosa vel licita: the esoteric only what the teacher believed to be true, nihil fabulosum penitus.-Id. Ib. b. iii. s. 2. ESPA'LIER. "Fr. Espalier,-an hedgerow of sundry fruit-trees set close together, their boughs interlaced one within another, and held in with stakes, rales, or pales," (Cotgrave.) And see Menage. From yon old walnut-tree a shower shall fall; Pope. Horace, Sat. 2. Lat. Specialis, from species. See SPECIAL. Particular, peculiar, principal or chief, distinguished. And then shuln ye kepe this for a general reule. First ye shuln clepe to youre conseil a few of youre frendes that ben especial. Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus. But now wold I fain that ye wold condescend in especial, and telle me how liketh you or what seemeth you by oure conseillours that we han chosen in oure present nede. Id. Ib. There was together wyth others, Dumnorix the Heduan, of whom we haue spoken before, him in especiallye Cesar determined to haue with him, bicause he knew him to be a man desyrous of alteration, and desyrous of souereinty, of great courage, and of great authority, amonge the Galles. Golding. Cæsar, fol. 111. But I being somewhat acquainted with the world, haue found out another sort of men, whom of all others I would be loth should reade any of my doinges, especially such things as either touched Christ, or any good doctrine. Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, Prol. to the Reader. For plaine it is, that the state allowed and gave rings only to certain especiall lieutenants when they were to go in embassage to forraine nations.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxiii. c. 1. Lat. But wondrous strange, that any difference, Massinger. The Parliament of Love, Act v. sc. 1. Your precious diamond in especialness. Loe. Blisse of Brightest Beautie, a Sermon, (1614,) p. 25. And therefore that which Saint Paul thought of so great importance, as to give especial orders to Timothy, to press upon the Ephesian citizens, will always be very fit to be seriously recommended to you in this place; and more especially at this time, since it is the proper work of the day. Sharp. Works, vol. i. Abraham, the father of the faithful, and especial friend of God, was called out of his country, and from his kindred, to wander in a strange land, and lodge in tents, without any fixed habitation.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. S. p. 90. In the character of Destroyer also we may look upon this Indian Deity as corresponding with the Stygian Jove or Pluto; especially since Cali, or Time in the feminine gender, is a name of his consort, who will appear hereafter to be Proserpine.-Sir W. Jones. Gods of Greece, Italy, & India. E'SPERANCE. "Fr. Espérance, hope, trust, confidence, affiance," (Cotgrave.) From Espérer, to hope; Lat. Sper-are. O jeste, vnto thy very foes for whether may haue more, (If Fortune frowne and grefes grow on) Whose worthy temper I intend to staine Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Hen. IV. Act v. sc. 2. So faire it was, that trusteth well It semed a place espirituell.-Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. ESPOUSE, v. Fr. Espouser; It. Sposare; ESPOUSAL, n. Lat. Spondere, sponsum ; ESPOUSAL, adj. which Vossius says, ex eo est, ESPO'USER. quia sponderent in σTovon, quo libatio, vel libamen, item fœdus notatur. Nam in fœdere libabant, quod oneydew, Græcis; to make libations, (sc.) by way of pledge, treaty, or engagement. Fr. Espouser,-to wed, to marry; also, to defend, embrace, undertake, entertain as his own; take wholly upon him, (Cotgrave.) And eke vpon hir lorde she thought, She maketh a uowe it shall be wroke.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. And in ye moneth of January next ensuynge, and ix. daye of the same kynge, Phylip spoused his second wyfe Blaunche, sometyme the doughter of the Quene of Navarn, lately dissesid, which was suster vnto the Erle of Foyz; which espousayles were secretly done in the manour of Robt. Erle of Bray.-Fabyan. Philippi, an. 349. We love our friends, because they are our image, and we love our God, because we are his. So then, the beloved opinion being thus wedded to the intellect; the case of our our tot Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 13. In the interim the earl was commanded not to deliver the aforesaid proxy of the prince for the disposorios or espousal, until Christmas.-Howell, b. i. s. 3. Let. 27. After she was layd, there came in Maximilian's ambassadour with letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, men and women, put his legge (strip't naked to the knee) betweene the espousall sheets. Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 80. Thereupon, hoping that a parliament would espouse his quarrel, and furnish him with money for the carrying on of his design, he summoned one to meet at Westminster, on the 3d of April 1640.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 7. A due expression of asperity against the enemies of God, the king and the publick peace, is not the reviling mentioned or intended in the text, the scene of which is properly private revenge, not a zealous espousal of the publick injuries.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 7. In Rome had you espous'd the vanquish'd cause, Philips. To Mr. Addison, on Cato. The espousers of that unauthorized and detestable scheme have been weak enough to assert, that there is a knowledge in the elect, peculiar to those chosen vessels. Allen. Ser. p. 11. July 19, 1761. Great, gracious master, whose unbounded sway, ESPY', ESPY', n. ESPIAL. ESPIER. v. (Anciently also written Aspy, qv.) Fr. Espier; It. Spiare; Sp. Espiar; Dut. Spien, speuren, spicden; Ger. Spacher, spueren, spuehren; A. S. Spyrian, which Somner interprets, vestigare, investigare, indagare, exquirere, scrutari, explorare; to search out by the track or trace, to inquire, and make diligent search. To look out, to observe or behold, to see; to seek or search after, to watch, to detect, discover. And thei aspieden and senten aspieris that fayneden hem just.-Wiclif. Luk, c. 20. But whan thou hast for hire, and thee, and me, Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 338 The mother of the Soudan, well of vices, Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4744 Thou spake right now of thilke traitour deth, Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,650 Wherfore, Melibeus, this is oure sentence; we conse you aboven alle thing, that right anon thou do thy diliges in keeping of thy propre persone, in swiche a wise that tou ne want non espie, ne watche, thy body for to save. Id. Tale of Melitens He had a sompnour redy to his hond, Id. The Freres Tale, v. 6905 For espyall and mystrowynges Thei did than such thynges That euery man might other know.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi He had knowlege by his espialles, that the Freche arr intended to land in the Isle of Wight, wherefore he repaire to that cost, to se his realme defeded. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. Ji Likewise the huntesman, in hunting the foxe, will se espie, when he seeth a hole, whether it be the foxe borcu or not.-Wilson. The Arte of Logike, fol. 37. But still when him at hand she did espy, Which well I proue, as shall appeare by trial, Id. Ib. b. T. C. When the Romans were come first by great journies: revenge the losse of their countrimen, and to recover t colonie, their espials and vaunt-couriours whome they hi sent out dispersed along the high waies, brought word, th the legions of the Samnites followed. Holland. Livics, p. At length two monsters of unequal size, Waller. The Battle of the Summer Islands, C. Secure, unnoted, Conrad's prow pass'd by, Byron. The Corsair, e. Fr. Escuyer; It. Scudiero; St Scutiger or scutifer, from the La See the quotation from Hell Which Alexäder not only graunted, but willed a wea to be deliuered to hys hads, as other esquiers vsed. Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 1" After his esquire or armour-bearer that stucke close to side was wounded, himselfe covered with a roufe of shic. couched close together, escaped this great danger and parted.-Holland. Ammianus, p. 253. Esquire (which we call commonly Squire) is a Fren word, and so much in Latine as scutiger vel armiger, a such are all those that bear armes, or armoires, testimoni of their race from whence they be descended. They were the first costerels or bearers of the armes of barons or knigh and thereby being instructed in martiall knowledge, a that name for a dignity giuen to distinguish them fr common souldiers, called Gregarii milites, when they we together in the field.-Holinshed. Desc. of England, b. ii. c. But his wife and his children are dear to him [the iness bent] and have an equal right, by all the laws of God an man, to be fed and clothed with those of the esquare farmer, who litigates his claim.-Knox, Ess. 10. ESSAY, v. E'SSAY, n. E'SSAYER. E'SSAYIST. See ASSAY. Fr. Essayer; St Ensayar; It. Assaggiare; a (as Skinner thinks) from th Lat. Sapere. Menage, from e and sapor. But the A. S. Sage is testis, and se testimonium. "The Gemot sohton lease saga;" th Council sought false witness. Othre sage," othe witnesses, (Matt. xxvi. 59 and 65.) The Germa Sager is also testimonium dicere, to declare testimony, to give evidence. The A. S. adjective sag-ol is veridicus, one who gives a verdict (veredictum) or true saying. And thus the word is traced to the A. S. Secgan, asecgan, to say. And to say, assay. or essay, is, consequentially,To prove, to take proof, to make trial, to try; and further, to make trial or experiment, to attempt. Then to the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Denham. Cooper's Hill. He also, by his fingers, directed the standers-by to fetch him a great hollow stone for a font, which sundry of his father's servants essayed in vain, as much above their strength, till the two priests (his designed godfathers) did goe and fetch it easily at his appointment Fuller. Worthies. Buckinghamshire. To write just treatises, requireth leisure in the writer, and leisure in the reader, and therefore are not so fit, neither in regard of your highness's princely affairs, nor in regard of my continual service, which is the cause that hath made me choose to write certain brief notes set down rather significantly than curiously, which I have called Essays. The word is late, but the thing is ancient; for Seneca's epistles to Lucilius, if you mark them well, are but Essays, that is, dispersed meditations, though conveyed in the form of epistles.-Bacon. To Prince Henry. Such are all the essayists, even their master Montaigne. B. Jonson. Discoveries. Is there any equity or the least colour of reason in this; for a man to take an essay of the nature of any species of things from such particular instances, as in their kinds are monstrous?-Wilkins. Natural Religion, b. i. c 4. [Saith Tully] the essay (specimen) of any kind is rather to be taken from the best and most usual, than from the worst and most depraved part of it.-Id. Ib. Tully was the first who observed that friendship improves happiness and abates misery, by the doubling of our joy and dividing of our grief; a thought in which he hath been followed by all the essayers upon friendship that have written since his time.-Spectator, No. 68. Yet such a tongue alike in vain essays Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxxviii; Thus the fond swain his Doric oat essay'd, Mason. A Monody to the Memory of Mr. Pope. All the priests, all the loyalists, all the first essayists and novices of revolution in 1789, that could be found, were promiscuously put to death. Burke. Preface to M. Brissot's Address. "If then," said the gentleman, mustering up all his courage, "if I am not to have admittance as an essayist, I hope I shall not be repulsed as an historian; the last volume of my history met with applause."-Goldsmith. A Reverie. Fr. n. Essence; It. Essentia or essenza; Sp.Essencia; Lat. Essentia, corrupted from Existentia,(see EXIST,) standing out, (sc.) from the even, level or smooth surface; and thus causing a (new or fresh) sensation. E'SSENCE, v. E'SSENCE, n. ESSENTIAL, n. ESSENTIAL, adj. ESSENTIALLY. ESSENTIALITY. ESSENTIATE, V. ESSENTIATING, n. And thus essence in its general application is equivalent to (see To Be) the English word Being; and it is also applied to certain supposed causes, qualities or states of being. The word becomes very puzzling in the hands of metaphysicians. (See Locke, b. iii. c. 3, and seq.;) and see the quotations from him. It is in popular language applied to The smell, scent, odour, perfume; the principal, constituent, concentered qualities. And yet minde I not that euerie merit should hereby be vnderstanded, but onelye that whiche is recompensed by essentiall rewarde (as they call it) in heauen. What wonder though the soul of man Fisher. On Prayer. (A sparke of heaven that shines below) Doth labour by all meanes it can, lake to itselfe, itself to show? The heavenly essence, heaven would know. He hath atchieu'd a maid That paragons description, and wilde fame. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Thrones, dominations, princedoms, vertues, powers, Id. Ib. b. v. It can imply to us nothing but this, that our whole faith is laid up in the Scriptures; and this faith is perfected, as to the essentiality of it, in the death and resurrection of Christ, as being the whole economy of our pardon and justification.-Bp. Taylor. Liss. from Popery, pt. ii. b. i. § 4. And the reason of this is not only that the substantialness and essentiality of a promise relates to the actual execution of it, but farther, likewise, because often it falls out that the person promising may have honestly and faithfully intended it, and promised it, and yet in the issue prove unable to perform, as we see among men it often falls out; For howsoe'er disgraced she [Wisdom] doth seem And none are so essentially high Drayton. Pastorals, Ecl. 8. Carl. 'Tis an axiome in naturall philosophy, what comes nearest the nature of that it feeds, converts quicker to nourishment, and doth sooner essentiate. B. Jonson. Every Man out of his Humour, Act v. sc. 5. If it were granted, that if it were simply necessary to the essentialing of a church, to be able to demonstrate in all times, both the visible number of professours of the truth, as also a visible succession of pastours, we are able to demonstrate both these, for our defence, to be as unquestionable in our church as in the church of Rome. Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 701. Essence may be taken for the very being of any thing, whereby it is, what it is. And thus, the real, internal, but generally in substances, unknown constitution of things, wherein their discoverable qualities depend, may be called their essence. This is the proper original signification of the word, as is evident from the formation of it; essentia in its primary notation signifying properly being. Locke. Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 3. s. 15. Painted for sight, and essenc'd for the smell, Pope. Satires of Donne, Sat. 4. They do not deny that we have all the essentials of true churches, true doctrine, true sacraments, and an implicit covenant between pastors and people. Stillingfleet, vol. ii. Ser. 6. The king principally insisted on that article concerning bishops, whom he accounted to be by divine right, or rather essentially necessary to the support of arbitrary power. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 228. For what can be more ridiculous, than to imagine that matter is as essentially conscious, as it is extended? Clarke. On the Attributes, Prop. 10. We prosecuted the experiment so long without seeing any effect wrought upon the essence-bottles, that we began to despair of seeing them rise.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 59. For these as for essentials we engage Jenyns. On the Immortality of the Soul. If the human race then be, as we may confidently assume, of one natural species, they must all have proceeded from one pair; and if perfect justice be, as it is most indubitably, an essential attribute of God, that pair must have been gifted with sufficient wisdom and strength to be virtuous, and, as far as their nature admitted, happy, but intrusted with freedom of will to be vicious, and consequently degraded.-Sir W. Jones. Origin of Families and Nations. The literature of Asia will not, perhaps, be essentially useful to the greater part of mankind, who have neither leisure, nor inclination to cultivate so extensive a branch of learning.-Id. Pref. to a Gram. of the Persian Language. ESSOIN. Fr. Essoine or Exoine, (from the Stirling. Choruses in the Tragedy of Croesus, chor. 1. Lat. Exonerare, to relieve from a burden.) How much more those essentiall parts of his, By which he lends vs of himselfe a sight. Spenser. Hymne to Heavenly Beautie. "Fr. Exoiner,-to excuse one from appearing in court or going to the wars, by oath, that he is impotent, sick, or otherwise necessarily imployed," (Cotgrave.) Withouten any essoyne, vengeance salle falle the not lite, He gaf a thousand mark, withouten essoyne.-Id. p. 136. He might make non essonie, That he ne mote algates plie To go to bed of companie.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. But, with rejoinders or replies, Swift. Cadenus & Vanessa. And thereon the Court sits to take essoigns or excuses for such as do not appear according to the summons of the writ; wherefore this is usually called the essoign day of the term. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ill. c. 18. EST. The termination of our superlative adj. and second pers. sing. of the verb :-Es-ed, es'd, est. ESTABLISH, v. ESTABLISHEr. ESTABLISHMENT. } Fr. Establir; It. Stabilire; Sp. Establecer; Lat. Stabilire, to make steadfast, stabilis, from stare, to stand. To make steadfast or able to stand; strong to stand; to cause to stand firmly, or to hold fast and firmly together; to set up firmly; to confirm, to fix, to settle. For as, sayth Solomon; whoso that had the science to know the peins that ben established and ordeined for sinne, he wold forsake sinne.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. I not no prelate may done so Now is not this a propre thing?-Id. Rom. of the Rose. Now because they shall not of temeraryous presumpeyon reiecte this olde father, I shall establyshe his wordes by S. Austen.-A Boke made by John Fryth, fol. 35. And this was chefely to occupy their ydell heades, whyles they were practysinge and bryngynge to passe other matters for the full establyshmente of Antychristes reygne. Bale. English Votaries, pt. ii. And thus of that charge of scepticism, with which he begins as the occasion of his writing; having premised which, he endeavours to lay the sure foundations of science, and to establish certainty in knowledge.-Glanvill, Ess. 2. Some allow them as the first founders and establishers of them; which crime toucheth none but their popes, and councels; the people are cleere and free from this. Hooker. A Learned Discourse of Justification, &c. There he with Belge did awhile remaine, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 11. I have beene always wont to commend and admire the humility of those great and profound wits, whom depth of knowledge hath not led to by-paths in judgment, but (walking in the beaten path of the church) have bent all their forces to the establishment of received truths. Bp. Hall. Meditations & Vowes, Cont. 2. Oh, let us all close with the standing public methods which God hath established in the church for the bringing us to virtue and eternal happiness; and not be hankering after new and fanciful ways of our own chusing. Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 6. It was therefore most agreeable to the infinite wisdom of God for providing for a constant establishment of the faith of his church in all ages, neither to permit the Gospels to be written till the churches were planted, nor to be put off to another generation.-Stillingfleet, vol. iv. Ser. 2. If such the operations of his power, Smart. On the Power of the Supreme Being. The authority, therefore, of a church-establishment is founded in its utility; and whenever, upon this principle, we deliberate concerning the form, propriety, or comparative excellency of different establishments, the single view under which we ought to consider any of them, is that of a "scheme of instruction;" the single end we ought to propose to them is," the preservation and commmunication of religious knowledge."-Paley. Political Philosophy, vol. ii. c. 10. ESTATE, v. Fr. n. Estat; It. Stato; Sp. Estate or State (qv.) is applied to All the categorical circumstances under which any thing stands, or exists, or by which it may be affected; more especially to the rank or condition, the possessions or property; also, to the general establishment of Government. To estate (not a common verb) is to fir in a particular estate or condition; to settle an estate or property; to condition. Thanked be Fortune, and hire false whele, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 928. And while she was dwelling in that cite Id. Rom. of the Rose. It peined hire to contrefeten chere Id. The Prologue, v. 140. So manly was this Julius of herte, Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,630. And said: O mightie God of rest, Gower. Con. A. b. v. And when he perceaued that he must needs dye, he [Alexander] called for his noble estates (whiche had bene brought vp with hym of chyldren) and parted his kyngdom amonge them, whyle he was yet aliue. Bible, 1551. The Machabees, b. i. c. 1. It is our faith that must raise our thoughts to a due estimation of our greatness, and must show us how highly we are descended, how royally we are allied, how gloriously estated.-Bp. Hall. Holy Raptures, &c. This puppy, being left well estated, comes to Florence, that the world may take notice, how impossible it is for experience to alter the course of nature. Beaum. & Fletch. The Fair Maid of the Inn, Act iii. sc. 1. Till on a day, as through that wood he rode, He chanc't to come where those two ladies late, Aemilia and Amoret abode, Both in full sad and sorrowfull estate. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 8. We are not only not obliged to part with the propriety of our estate, and to live in common, as the first persecuted Christians did, but we should be highly indiscreet, not to say injurious, both to ourselves and the public, if we did. Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 4. What glorious motives urge our authors on, ESTE/EM, v. Young. To Mr. Pope, Ep. 1. To fix or set a price or Lady (qd. I) sometime yet if a man be in disease, the esti macion of the enuious people, ne looketh nothing to the desertes of men, ne to the merites of their doinges, but onely to the auenture of fortune, and thereafter they yeuen their sentence.-Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. i. Loke how much mony the men do receiue wyth their wyues in name of their dowrie, they make an estimate of their own goods and lay so muche in valew therevnto. Golding. Cæsar, fol. 158. Ther went such a report and estimatio of thys warre among other barbarous people, that from such natios as inhabited beyond the Rhine were sent ambassadors vnto Cesar, profering to geue him hostages and do whatsoeuer he shuld commaund them.-Id. Ib. fol. 64. They magnifye it, prayse it, and haue it in moste hyghe estimacion, yea, they haue it in muche more pryce than any thynge that is of God.-Bale. Image, pt. ii. But such, me seeme, should be satisfide with the use of those days, seeing all things accounted by their shows, and nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to commune sence.-Spenser. To Sir Waller Raleigh. Nay, let a man look into the government of the Bishop of Rome, as by name, into the government of Pius Quinctus, or Sextus Quinctus in our times, who were both at their entrance estimed but as pedanticall friars. Bacon. On Learning, by G. Wats, b. i. c. 2. s. 3. Which is the reason that to hold a place Massinger. The Bondman, Act i. sc. 3. If we would be prevalent and esteemable, we ought with A pound of man's flesh taken from a man, Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act i. sc. 3. Or as a wrongfull title, or foul crime Phantasie, or imagination, which some call æstimative, Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 23. And every one who will act rationally, not miscalling good evil, and evil good, must proportion his esteem of things, according to the real value of them. Wilkins. Natural Religion, b. ii. c. 6. The Queen of Sheba, among presents unto Solomon, brought some plants of the balsam tree, as one of the peculiar estimables of her country.-Brown. Miscellaneous, p.50. The measure of punishments being to be estimated as well by the length of their duration, as the intenseness of their degrees. 'tis fit we take a view also of your scheme in this part.-Locke. A third Letter of Toleration, c. 5. He that walketh uprightly is secure as to his honour and credit, he is sure not to come off disgracefully, either at home in his own apprehensions, or abroad in the estimations of men.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 5. If he halowe hys felde immediatly frome that yere of to the discernment of difficult and important truths, profess fubely, it shall be worth accordinge as it is estemed. For I say (thorowe the grace that vnto me geuen is) to euerie man amonge you, that no man esteme of hymselfe more then it becometh him to esteme, but that he discretlye fudge of himselfe, accordynge as God hath dealt to euerye man the measure of fayth.-Bible, 1551. Romaynes, c. 20. Thou shouldest (gentle reader) esteme his censure and auctoritye to bee of the more weightie credence, in as much as the matter was not rashlie, and at al aduentures, but wyth iudgemente (as thou seest) and with wisdom examined and discussed. Bp. Gardner. Of True Obedience. A Preface of Dr. Boner. Yet if other learned men, that are competent estimators, By love, I mean an esteeming of him [God] and a seeking It is remarkable, that Homer does not paint him [Paris] Thus may we entertain an esteem for persons of merit, although they are at a remote distance from our intimacy; we esteem the character of a person merely from the report of his good qualities.-Cogan. On the Passions, c. 2. Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. Esteem is the commencement of affection. Cogan. On the Passions, c. 2. Class 2. It is enough that your lordship sees I have my eye upon some, the more estimable, nay the most accomplished characters, that have been formed among ourselves; and that even so envied a thing, as a fine gentleman, has beet fashioned on this side the water.-Hurd, Dial. 8. vate, to summer in a place; and æstival, of er belonging to summer. Besides vernal, æstival, and autumnal, made of flowers, the ancients had also hyemal garlands. Brown. Miscellaneous, p. ??. On the under story, toward the garden, let it be turned into a grotto, or place of shade, or estivation. Bacon. Ess. Of Building. ESTOPPED. i. e. stopped, (qv.) or stayed. For the legal application, see the quotation from Blackstone. Perceauyng that all succours were clerely estopped and propulsed from them, and so brought into viter despaire c aide or comforte; after longe consultacion had emongest them, [they] determined to rendre the selues and their cite to the sayde kyng.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 5. And therefore a man shall always be estopped by his c deed, or not permitted to aver or prove any thing in contra diction to what he has once so solemnly and deliberate avowed.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 20. E'STOVERS. From the Fr. Estoffer, as Blackstone says, after Spelman. "Fr. Estoffer to stuff, to furnish or store with all necessaries. (Cotgrave.) See STUFF. Besides the legal application contained in the quotation from Blackstone, it is sometimes used for the alimony given to a wife divorced a mensâ et toro. Common of estorers, or estoviers, that is, necessaries, (from estoffer, to furnish,) is a liberty of taking necessary wood, for the use or furniture of a house or farm, from another's estate.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 3. ESTRANGE, v.) ESTRA'NGER. foreigner. Fr. Estranger; It. Stra niare, stranare, from the Lat. Extraneus, (q.d.) e ) eztraneare, (Skinner.) Etraneus, an outlander, a To alienate, to keep foreign, away, apart cr aloof from; to separate or divide; to shun or avoid; to withdraw or withhold from. And hauinge with them souldyars estraungers, white Pissuthnes and the Arcadians had sent them, they accord with the that were in the castell.-Nicolls. Thucid. fol. it. But this distresse one vantage doth unfold, Though out of time, when it can help no more, They heare the truth, and all their faults are told, Which had been still estrang'd from them before. Stirling. Doomes-day. Tenth Houre Ken. Will you not dance? How came you thus estranged Shakespeare. Love's Labour Lost, Act v. sc. 2 Sir, as we like of your preaching, so we dislike not cur libertie. You tell vs of manie gugawes and estrange dreams Holinshed. Discovery of Ireland, c. 4. Though they differed in many notions, yet these dif ferences did nothing but serve the pleasure of conversation and exercise of reasoning: they begot no estrangement C distasts, no noise or trouble abroad.-Glanvill, Ess. 7. Thus, if excommunication be incurred, ipso facto, he that is guilty of the fact deserving it, and is fallen into the sen tence, is bound to submit to those estrangements and sepa rations, those alienations of society and avoidings which h finds from the duty of others. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b fii. c 2. Rowe. Lucan, b. |