Tho numbers all of heardes, vnto the citie came with

prease,

To Kyng Latinus court, and brought in sight the bodies twayne,

Of Almon flouryng lad, and good Galesus fouly slain. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vii. And when they weare wel charged with wine, at the sonne rising theye set garlandes of flowers vpon their headds, & mounted into galleis, nor onely with hope of victory, but with a triúphe made before hand. Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 61.

He was in the pryme flower of his youth, & through other men's feare fled away emonges those horsemen, which were amazed at Philoras torments.-Id. Ib. fol. 147.

Thou barrine ground, whom Winter's wrath hath wasted,
Art made a mirrour to behold my plight:
Whilome thy fresh Spring flowr'd, and after hasted
Thy summer prowde with daffodillies dight.

Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar. January.

The one was in her flow'ring age,
The other to too old;

The first with beautie did allure,

The latter with her gold.-Warner. Albion's Eng. b. ii.

Immortal Amarant, a flour which once

In Paradise fast by the tree of life

Began to bloom, but soon for Man's offence

To Heav'n remov'd where first it grew, there grows,
And flours aloft, shading the fount of life.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iii. The young men, the flower and manhood in general of the cittie, he [Tarquin] wrought and won to himself with gifts and so partly with raising slanders upon the King in all places and charging upon him odious crimes, he grew very great and mightie.-Holland. Livivs, p. 33.

And other whiles vaine toyes she would devize,
As her fantasticke wit did most delight:
Sometimes her head she fondly would aguize
With gaudy girlonds, or fresh flowrets dight
About her necke, or rings of rushes plight.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6.

No more shall trenching warre channel her fields,
Nor bruise her flowrets with the armed hoofes

Of hostile paces.-Shakes. 1 Pt. Hen. IV. Act i. sc. 1. But then note, that an extreme clarification doth spread the spirits so smooth, as they become dull, and the drink dead, which ought to have a little flowring.

Bacon. Naturall Historie, s. 312.
Whilome I usde (as thou right well dost know)
My little flocke on westerne downs to keep,
Not far from whence, Sabrinaes streame doth flow;
And flowrie bancks with silver liquor steepe.
Spenser. Daphnaida.

What sweet delight a quiet life affords.
And what it is to be from bondage free,
Far from the madding worldling's hoarse discords,
Sweet flow'ry place, I first did learn of thee.
Drummond, son. 49.

As boys on holydays let loose to play,
Lay waggish traps for girls that pass that way;
Then shout to see in dirt and deep distress
Some silly cit in her flower'd foolish dress.

Dryden. An Essay upon Satire.

Then party-colour'd flowers of white and red
She wove, to make a garland for her head:
This done, she sang and carol'd out so clear,
That men and Angels might rejoice to hear.

Id. Palamon & Arcite.

Sweet Muse, who lov'st the virgin Spring,
Hither thy sunny flow'rets bring,
And let thy richest chaplet shed
Its fragrance round my Lamia's head.

FLOYT. FLO'YTING. Singing he was, or floyting all the day. He was as freshe, as is the moneth of May. Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 91. And many a floit and litling horne And pipes made of grene corne.-Id. House of Fame, b. iii. FLUCTUATE, v. Fr. Fluctuer; It. FlutFLUCTUANT. tuare; Sp. Fluctuar; Lat. FLUCTUATION. Fluctuare, from fluctus, a wave, (fluere, to flow.)

i. e. Fluting, playing on the flute. See FLUTE.

To flow or float, to and fro; to have the motion or action of a wave; to waver; to be unsteady, inconstant, unsettled, irresolute, undecided, undetermined.

[The Papists] leave her [the Church of Christ] to be driven about with the whirlpools of a fluctuating conscience, or to be toss'd with the hurricanes of tentations, and at last to suffer shipwreck.-Goodwin. Works, vol. iv. pt. ii. p. 119.

The first describeth the times of the militant church, whether it be fluctuant, as the ark of Noah; or movable, as the ark in the Wilderness; or at rest, as the ark in the Temple; that is, the state of the Church in persecution, in remove, and in peace.-Bacon. Of Learning, b. ii.

The fluctuation or pensility of the bowels, from the agita-
tion of the waves of the sea, and from the winde gathered
about the diaphragma, are alike: therefore such as are
troubled with the hypochondriaque wind, doe often dream
of navigations, and agitations upon the waters.
Id. Ib. by G. Wats, b. iv. c. 1.

So sounds, so fluctuates, the troubled sea
As the expiring tempest plows its way.

King. Ruffinus; or the Favourite. Teach me how I came by such an opinion of worth and virtue; what it is which at one time raises it so high, and at another time reduces it to nothing; how these disturbances and fluctuations happen.

Shaftesbury. Advice to an Author, pt. iii. s. 2. Wanting those principles, discoverable only by Revelation, which teaches man's true end, and which excites his endeavours to the attainment of it, human knowledge only fluctuates in the head, but comes not near the heart, where peace of mind is engendered. Warburton. Works, vol. x. Ser. 32. The excentricities, it is true, will still vary, but too slowly, and to so small an extent, as to produce no inconveniency from fluctuation of temperature and season. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 22. FLUE. Of unknown etymology. Phaer renders Concha by this word.

Pegge," Flew, a narrow outlet for smoke, to increase the draft of air," (North.)

Grose," Flue, the coping of a gable or end wall of a house. Norf."

Him Tryton combrous bare, that galeon blew with whelkid shell,

Whose wrinckly wreathed flue, did fearful shril in seas outyell. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. x. 1654. Aug. 9. [Went] to the old and ragged city of Leicester, Francis. Horace, b. i. Ode 26. large and pleasantly situated, but despicably built, ye chimney Alues, like so many smith's forges.-Evelyn. Memoirs, vol. i. FLUENT, adj. From Fluens, entis, the FLUENT, n. pres. part. of the Lat. Fluere; FLUENCE. A.S. Flowan, to flow, (qv.) Moving, passing on, like a flood or stream of water; current, transient, transitory.

Last night, when after many a heavy sigh, And many a painful thought, the God of Sleep, Insensible and soft, had stole upon me; Methought I found me by a murm'ring brook, Reclin'd at ease upon the flow'ry margin.

Retir'd

Rowe. Ulysses, Act iii.

To secret winding flower-enwoven bowers, Far from the dull impertinence of man.-Thomson. Spring. In King Charles's collection was a miniature in oil of this Queene [Mary] by Antonio More, painted on a round gold plate, in blue flowered velvet and gold tissue with sleeves of fur, two red roses and a pair of gloves in her hand.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. c. 6.

And thou, fair Freedom, taught alike to feel
The rabble's rage and tyrant's angry steel;
Thou transitory flow'r, alike undone
By proud contempt, or favour's fost'ring sun.

Goldsmith. The Deserted Village.

Return, celestial Muse!
By whose bright fingers o'er my infant head,
Lull'd with immortal symphony, were spread
Fresh bays and flow'rets of a thousand hues.

Jones. The Muse Recalled.

FLUENCY.

FLUENTLY. FLUENTNESS. FLU'IBLE. FLUID, n. Fluence, fluency, fluent, FLUID, adj. and fluently, are applied (in FLUIDITY. general) met.-to a flow or FLUIDNESS. course of style in writing or speaking, (sc.) an affluence, copiousness, readiness of speech, without hesitation in delivery.

And worse those haughty threat'nings they abhor,
With fame, from Brescia's ancient fighters brought;
Vaine fame, the people's trusted orator;
Whose speech (too fluent) their mistakes has wrought.
Davenant. Gondibert, b. iii. c. 2.

Such an extraction Daniel counselled the King to draw out of his perishable felicity, and by this method, while the matter of worldly goods remaineth fluent and transitory, there may be great utility derived even from the consideration of these qualities.-Mountague. Devoute Ess. Treat. 6. s. 2.

Of which, as long, as both the grace and powre
His person entertainde; she lou'd the man;
And (at the fluents of the ocean

Nere earth's extreame bounds) dwelt with him.
Chapman. A Hymne to Venus.

He is conceited to have a voluble and smart fuence d tongue.-Milton. Animad. upon the Remonstrants' Def. Pref.

We know that S. W. hath great fluency in the declamatory style, and that Henry VIII. was no saint. Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 158. For when this humour of medisance springeth in the head of the company, it runnes fluently in to the less noble parts. Mountague. Devoute Essages, Treat. 2. s. 2. The fluentness, and consistencie of time has not this inconvenience, to deny us the taking a dimention of it. Id. Ib. pt. ii. Treat. 12. s. 3. Yet is it [the sea] not capable (being a liquid wible body in the greatest depth and widenesse of such eleuations as we see in high mountaynous regions.

Purchas. Pilgrimage, b. v. c. 13.

While the humour is attenuated, it is more faid than it was before, and troubleth the body a great deal more, until it be dried up and consumed.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 68.

To this he [Boyle] adds a close history of fluidity and firmness, which tends mightily to the elucidating of those useful doctrines.-Glanvill, Ess. 3.

I knew him well, he was sagacious, cunning,
Fluent in words, and bold in peaceful councils,
But a cold, unactive hand in war.

Upborne

Rowe. The Fair Penitent, Act i

By frothy billowes thousands float the stream In combrous mail, with love of further shore; Confiding in their hands, that sed'lous strive To cut the outrageous fluent.

J. Philips. Blenheim

It is nevertheless certain, that in order to follow him in his quadratures, they must find fluents from fluxions; and in order to this, they must know to find fluxions fr fluents; and in order to find fluxions, they must first know what fluxions are.-Berkeley. The Analyst, § 47.

We reason with such fluency and fire,
The beaux we baffle, and the learned tire,
Against her Prelates plead the Church's cause,
And from our Judges vindicate the Laws.

Tickel. Epist. from a Lady to a Gent, at Arignon. The truth is, he [Edmund Bunney] was the most fud preacher in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, for he seldom or never studied for what he was to deliver, but would prea.b and pray extempore.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon.

He ought to treat of the effects of different sorts of alimen tary substances upon the fluids and solids of a human bay. Arbuthnot. On Aliments, Introd

For there may be corpuscles of such a nature as consider ably to lessen that agitation of the minute parts by whit the fluidity of liquors and the warmth of other bodies, a7e maintained.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 750.

It may be doubted whether in case water be not fluid upon the account of a congenite motion in the corpuscles it consists of, its fluidness may not proceed from the agitation of the ambient air, either immediately contiguous to the surface. or communicating its agitation to the water by propagation of its impulse, through the vessell, that interposes berwirt them.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. p. 571.

Meditation is that that doth take away the darkness of the understanding; and then for the fluidness of the understanding, because it is apt to spring from one thing to another. Meditation in its very nature is the fixing of it. Bates. On Divine Meditation, c. 4. Vain is the flow'ry verse, when reasoning sage And sober precept fill the studious page; Enough if there the fluent numbers please, With native clearness, and instructive ease.

Mason. Fresnoy's Art of Painting

I could indeed more patiently bear to be accused of want ing genius, fluency, or elegance, than of wanting diliger re i the exercise of that office to which your authority hath cak me.-Louth. Lectures, by Gregory, vol. i. Lect. 1.

For the dragoons, a wordy race,
Not burthen'd with religious grace,

Spoke fluently the sutler's tongue.-Cooper. Ver-Vert, c. 3. The second supposition is, that the earth being a mixed mass somewhat fluid, took as it might do, its present form. by the joint action of the mutual gravitation of its parts at its rotatory motion.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 22.

Were it not for the presence of heat, or for a certain de gree of it, all fluids would be frozen.—Id. Ib. e. 21.

The grand importance of this dissolving power, the great office indeed of fire in the economy of nature, is keep things in a state of solution, that is to say, in a state of f dity.-Id. Ib.

FLUME. Lye has "A. S. Flum, flumen; " Lacombe, "Fluix, flume, rivière;" flumen, from the verb fluere; A. S. Flow-an, to flow.

A stream, a river.

And al the cuntre of Judee wente out to him, and alle men of Jerusalem, and thei weren baptisid of him in the flum Jordan, and knowlecchiden her synnes.

Wiclif. Mark, c. 1. FLUMMERY. Probably a corruption of Frumenty, (qv.) Applied, (met.) to

Fulsome flattery, or obsequiousness.

I allow of orange and butter-milk possets, of roasted apples, Hummery, or any other light and cooling thing they call for.-Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 590.

The fifth book of pease-porridge; under which are included, frumetary, water-gruel, milk-porridge, rice-milk, Aamary, stir-about, and the like.-King. Art of Cookery. FLURRY, v. Perhaps a corruption of FlutFLURRY, n.

whomsoever administered in the form of words, in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

And as he view'd her ardent, o'er and o'er, Love, gratitude, and pity, wept at once: Confus'd and frighten'd at his sudden tears Her rising beauties flush'd a higher bloom.

Evelyn. Of Architects & Architecture.

tuare, volitare, leviter et frequenter movere ;

To waver, to move lightly and inconstantly; to agitate, to toss.

We therefore trusted ourselves to the mercy of the waves, and in about half an hour the boat was overset by a sudden furry from the North.-Swift. A Voyage to Lilliput.

But Fortune, not minding her ladyship's thunder, And wiping her forehead, cry'd "well may you wonder To see me thus flurry'd."-E. Moore. Envy & Fortune. We were at first quite flurried and confounded with the urry in the garrison, the perpetual noise of cannon, and the reports of the soldiers going through their firing exercise. Swinburne. Spain, Let. 29.

They are so very noisy and impatient till the shew [the yull-fight] begins, and in such a violent commotion while it asts, that one is kept in perpetuall alarm and flurry of spiits for the first or second time of assisting at this diversion. Id. Ib. Let. 40.

FLUSH, v.

FLUSH, n.

See FLOOD. Ger. Fliessen, to flow; fluss, a flood.

FLUSH, adj. FLUSHING, n. To flow,-to come or rush on is a flood, rapidly, violently; to overflow;;-to have or give a quick or sudden motion, to rush, to start; o flow, as the blood to the surface of the body; nd thus, to give a bloom or redness; to redden; o give a warmth, to warm, to animate.

And it sounded vnto me euen as it hadde bene the flushage noyse of many waters.-Bayle. Image, pt. iii.

But while he and his companie like greedy wolfes were ekyng after their praye, the wynde rose highe and a great pestuous rage and furious storm sodaynely fusshed nd drowned xii. of his great shippes.-Hall. Hen. IV. an. 1.

And all her vitall powres, with motion nimble To succour it [her heart] themselves gan there assemble; That by the swift recourse of flushing blood

Right plaine appear'd, though she it would dissemble,
And fayned still her former angry mood,
Thinking to hide the depth by troubling of the flood.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 6.

As when a faulcon hath with nimble flight
Flowne at a flush of ducks foreby the brooke,
The trembling foule dismay'd with dreadful sight
Of death, the which them almost overtooke,
Doe hide themselves from her astonyng looke
Amongst the flags and covert round about.

Id. Ib. b. v. c. 2. There is Christ's body indeed now, and some few bodies se, Elias, and Moses, and Enoch, who perhaps are there ow in their bodies; but the shoal and the flush of mankind, hom all the things there are prepared for, and prepared om the beginning of the world, they shall not come into it il after the Resurrection.

Goodwin. Works, vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 112.

Now the time is flush,
When crouching marrow in the bearer strong
Cries (of it selfe, no more.

Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act v. sc. 5.
Many hot inrodes

They make in Italy, the borders maritime
Lacke blood to thinke on't and flush youth reuolt.
Id. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i. sc. 4.

It was not properly a passion, which is a subitaneous ushing: indeed that of his adultery was from such a flush passion; but this of Uriah's murder was a more continued istemper, sedately stirred, and retained and considered of. Goodwin. Works, vol. v. pt. ii. p. 163.

But in a man that there is a sympathy and fellow moving the body, together with the motions of the passions, may proved by the pale colour, the red flushing of the face, the embling of the joynts, and panting and leaping of the art in fear and anger.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 63. Afterwards in the progress of the dispute as men are apt specially when flushed with victory to grow both warmer nd bolder, he [St. Austin] ventured to proceed further, and o lay it down for a maxim, that any baptism was good by

VOL. I.

To warm, to animate; to heat; and thus, to intoxicate; to confuse or throw into confusion; to bluster, to bustle.

Three else of Cyprus, noble swelling spirites, (That hold their honours in a wary distance, The very elements of this warrelike isle,) Haue I to night fluster'd with flowing cups, And they watch too.-Shakespeare. Othello, Act ii. sc. 3. The Apostle seems here most peculiarly to have directed this encomium of the Gospel, as a defiance to the philosophers of his time, the flustring vain-glorious Greeks, who pretended so much to magnify, and even adore the wisdom they professed.-South, vol. iii. Ser. 6.

But when Caska adds to his natural impudence the fluster of a bottle, that which fools called fire when he was sober, all men abhor as outrage when he is drunk.-Tatler, No. 252.

Being plied with two or three other imaginary bumpers of different wines, equally delicious, and a little vexed with this fantastic treat, he pretended to grow flustred, and gave the Barmecide a good box on the ear, but immediately recovering himself, Sir, says he, I beg you ten thousand pardons, but I told you before, that it was my misfortune to be quairelsome in my drink-Guardian, No. 162.

When full of zeal and Aristotle,
And flustred by the second bottle,
He taught the orator to speak

His periods in correcter Greek.-Cawthorn. Antiquarians. The parish need not to have been in such a fluster with Molly. You might have told them, child, your grandmother wore better things new out of the shop.

Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. iv. c. 9.

FLUTE, v. Written by Chaucer, Floyt, (qv.) FLUTE, n. Dut. Fluyten, fluyte; Fr. Fleuter, FLUITING, n. fleute; It. Flauto; Sp. Flauta; Low Lat. Flauta. The Dut. Fluyter (says Junius) is, Tibicen, tibiam inflans, whom for this reason they also called flator, a flando; the Fr. Flute is formed thus by Menage, Flare, flatum, flatuo, flatuto, flatutare, flautare.

To flute, is tibiam inflare; to blow into a pipe. To flute, (in architecture)-to form hollows resembling the hollow or concavity of a pipe, when divided lengthways.

Nowe likewise sounded vp the drums, trumpets, and flutes, which would have encouraged any man, had he never so little heart or courage in him. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 131. The hoby, sagbut deep, recorder, and the flute: Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 4. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders.-Milton. Par. Lost, b.i. The oars of silver, which kept stroke in rowing after the sound of musick, of flutes, howboys, citherns, viols, and such other instruments as they played upon in the barge. North. Plutarch, p. 763.

If fluted, with as many as the Ionic, half as deep as large; the listel or space between the grooves, a third of the depth yet not so precisely, but that according to the compass and station of the column the flutes may be augmented to thirty and above.-Evelyn. Of Architects & Architecture.

817

Prynne. Histrio-Mastix, pt. i. Act vii. sc. 3. The breathing flute's soft notes are heard around, And the shrill trumpets mix their silver sound.

Pope. January & May.

From yon high cliff I plunge into the main;
Take the last present of thy dying swain:
And cease my silent flute, the sweet Mænalian strain.
Dryden. Virgil, Past. 8.
A Faun before me stood;

A flute he held, which, as he softly blew,
The feather'd warblers to the sound he drew;
Then to my hand the precious gift consign'd.

FLUTTER, v. FLUTTER, n. FLUTTERING.

Sir W. Jones. Arcadia.

A. S. Floteran; Dut. Vledderen; Ger. Flatteren, flotteren; Sw. Fladra. Volitare, leviter et frequenter movere, palpitare; to fly or flit, to move lightly and frequently. A frequentative from the A. S. Flow-an, to flow or float.

To move as any thing floating, when shaken by the wind, and thus, to shake quickly; to vibrate, (met.) to be unsteady or inconstant; to waver in uncertainty. See To FLURRY.

Vain-glorious man, when fluttering wind does blow
In his light winges, is lifted up to skie.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 3.

Suddenly an innumerable flight

Of harmefull fowles about them fluttering cride, And with their wicked winges them ofte did smight, And sore annoyed, groping in that griesly night.

Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 12. and string them hard, lest their various and jangling opinions Answ. Set the grave councils up upon their shelves again, put their leaves into a flutter.

Milton. Animad. upon Remonstrants' Defence. Naples, 1645. This place [a labyrinth under ground] is so haunted with batts that their perpetual fluttering endangered the putting out our linkes.-Evelyn. Memoirs, vol. i.

I may be applauded by the lookers on, as brave and full of fortitude: when the bates and flutterings of a conscience within shall blow up coles, and kindle nothing but flames that shall consume mee.-Feltham, pt. i. Res. 11.

Our thoughts are like a bird in a cage, which flutters the more because of its confinement, so our thoughts are apt to run strayingly out when we confine them to such a duty as this [divine meditation] is. Bales. On Divine Meditation, c. 3.

So have I seen in black and white
A prating thing, a magpye hight,
Majestically stalk;

A stately, worthless animal,

That plies the tongue, and wags the tail,
All flutter, pride and talk.

Pope. Artemisia.

The 28th, [Jan. 1595,] at four of the clocke in the morning, our General, Sir Francis Drake, departed this life, hauing bene extremely sicke of the fluxe, which began the night before to stop on him.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 588.

For in the nyght they could suffre no thynge on them, and so slept all naked, and in the mornyng colde toke them or they were ware, and that caste them into feuers and flyxes without remedy; and as well dyed great men as meane people.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 103.

Some faine that these should be the cataracts of heauen,

which were all opened at Noe's flood. But I think them rather to be such Auxions and eruptions as Aristotle, in his booke de Mundo, saith to chance in the sea. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 21. Surely, that God is mercifull, that will admit offences to be expiated by the sigh, and fluxed eyes. Feltham, pt. i. Res. 89. The next year was calamitous, bringing strange fluxes upon men, and murrain upon cattle.

Milton. History of England, b. vi.

1. Ontel. 'Tis not the wind, sure: That's still and calm, no noise, no flux of waters. Beaum. & Fletch. The Pilgrim, Act iii. sc. 4. The sectaries of Thales and Pythagoras, together with the Stoicks, do say, that the matter is variable, mutable, alterable, and fluxible, all wholly thorow the universall world. Holland. Plutarch, p. 666. But the evening deawes cause them [pearles] to be soft and fluxible.-Id. Ammianus, p. 238.

For the fluxibility of human nature is so great, that it is no wonder if errors should have crept in, the ways being so many; but it is a great wonder of God that none should ever creep in.-Hammond. Works, vol. ii. p. 693.

The dog hath need of no such testimony of logicians, for false it is and counterfeit, because it is the smell of itself and scent of the nose, which by the tract of the foot and the Auxion of the odour coming from the beast, sheweth him which way it fled.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 788.

And this is wrought the rather, by means of those fluxions which rest upon waters, looking-glasses, or any such mirrors by way of repercussion.-Id. Ib. p. 594.

Their arguments are as fluxive as liquor spilt upon a table; which with your finger you may draine as you will. B. Jonson. Discoveries.

These often bath'd she in her fluxive eyes,
And often kiss'd, and often 'gan to tear.

Shakespeare. A Lover's Complaint.

Longer from tears that could not stay a whit,
Whose influence [heaven's] on every lower source,
From the swoln fluxure of the clouds doth shake
A rank impostume upon every lake.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars.

'Twas he that gave our Senate purges, And fluxt the House of many a burgess.

Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 1. Apollo heard; and suppliant as he stood, His heavenly hand restrain'd the fur of blood. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. They [the Siamese] believe a continual fluxation and transmigration of souls from eternity.

Leslie. Short Method with the Deists.

Our experiments seem to teach, that the supposed aversion of nature to a vacuum is but accidental, or in consequence, partly of the weight and fluidity, or at least, Auxility of the bodies here below.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 75.

Whereas, quantities generated in equal times are greater or lesser according to the greater or lesser velocity wherewith they increase and are generated;-a method hath been found to determine quantities from the velocities of their generating motions; and such velocities are called fluxions: and the quantities generated are called flowing quantities. Berkeley. The Analyst, § 3. Even so it cannot be denied that you may apply the rules of the fluxionary method.-Id. Ib. § 32.

Qu. 43. Whether an algebraist, fluctionist, geometrician, or demonstrator of any kind can expect indulgence for obscure principles or incorrect reasonings.-Id. Ib.

Habit so foul! there is, in short,

Nothing but salivation for't!

But what can salivation do?

It has been fluxt, and refluxt too.

Byrom. Verses on a Black Bob Wig.

The only idea probably which this term [dissolves] raised in the reader's mind, was that of fire melting metals, resins, and some other substances, fluxing ores, running glass, and assisting us in many of our operations, chymical or culinary. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 21, Although it be scarcely possible to penetrate to the fountains of this celestial Nile, yet it may surely be allowed us to pursue the meanders of the stream, to mark the flux and reflux of its waters, and even to conduct a few rivulets into the adjacent plains. Louth. Lectures, by Gregory, vol. i. Lec. 2.

Our argument for such a translation is the flux nature of living languages.

Abp. Newcombe. Ess. Translation of the Bible, p. 233.
Why humour (as 'tis ens) we thus define it,
To be a quality of air or water,

And in itself holds these two properties,
Moisture and fluxure.

Fielding. The Covent Garden Journal, No. 55.

FLY, v. A. S. Fle-an, fleog-an; volare; FLY, n. Dut. Vliegen; Ger. Vliegen; Sw. FLYER. Flyga. See FLEE, and FLIght. FLYING, n. To fly and to flee, are by usage distinguished: the former very commonly implying the motion of wings, the latter not.

To move, go or pass away, quickly, speedily; with the speed or quickness of a bird on the wing; to move or remain, or cause to move or remain, in the air, like a bird; to escape, to evade, to avoid.

And tho he was yslowe an hey, & ne cowthe not a ligte, A doun mid so gret eir to the erthe he fel and pigte, That al to peses he to rof, that beter hym hadde ybe Haue bi leued ther doune, than ylerned for to fle.

R. Gloucester, p. 29. And the fowles that flowe forth.-Piers Plouhman. The fox answered, in faith it shal be don; And as he spake the word al sodently The cok brake from his mouth deliverly, And high upon a tree he flew anon.

Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,423. Alein answered; I count him nat a flie.

"Your care," said Gatimozin, "is needless: they will not fy; they come to die at the feet of their sovereign." Such should be the disposition and resolution of the disciples and soldiers of Christ.

Bp. Horne. Essays & Thoughts on various Subjects. On the forehead he [Holbein] painted a fy, and sent the picture to the person for whom it was designed, the gentleman struck with the beauty of the piece, went eagerly to brush off the fly, and found the deceit.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. c. 4.

I have seen a curious engine compounded of wheek, screws, and pulleys, whereby a lady with a single hair of ber head might raise a stone of two hundred weight: the har was fast'ned to a wheel something like the figer of a jack. Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. i. c. 3.

During our course from Teneriffe to Bonavista we saw great numbers of Aying-fish, which from the cabin winders appear beautifull beyond imagination, their sides having the colour and brightness of burnished silver.

Cook. Voyages, vol. i. b. i. c. 1.

In teasing fly-time, dank and frosty days,
With unctuous liquids, or the lees of oil,
Rub their soft skins between the parted locks.

FOAL, v. FOAL, n. FO'ALING, n.

}

But this Neptune his herte in vayne
Hath upon robberie sette,

The brid is flowe, and he was let,

The fayre made is hym escaped.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.
But I dare take this on honde,
If that she had wynges two,

She wolde have flowen him tho.-Id. Ib.
But to conclude, much worth in litle writte,
The highest flying hauke will stoupe at laste.

Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew of Bath. That is to witte, the grounde & foundacion of fayth, without which had ready before, all the spiritual coumfort that any man maye speake of can neuer auaile a flye. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1143. The 15th we had leaue to depart with a fly-boat laden with sugar that came from Sant-Thome. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 132.

He with a constant mind Man's beastliness so loaths, that flying human kind, The black and darksome nights, the bright and gladsome days Indifferent are to him, his hope on God that stays. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 13. Of all the race of silver-winged flies

Which doe possess the empire of the aire, Betwixt the centred earth, and azure skies Was none more favourable, nor more fair.

Spenser. Muiopotmos. With courage charge, with comeliness retire, Make good their ground, and then relieve their guard, Withstand the ent'rer, then pursue the flyer, New form their battle, shifting ev'ry ward.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. ii.

In vaine the Welsh wild mountaines fence
The flier from his foe,

Or Gerneth castell, when as flames
Throughout the buildings goe.

Warner. Albion's England, b. iv. c. 19.

So also faith is express'd by coming to him, which implies not so much a perswasion that a man's sins are forgiven by God, as a recourse to him, to forgive them, as a flying to him that is gracious, and chosen by God on purpose. Goodwin. Works, vol. iv. pt. ii. p. 76.

She knows your love!
Cleom. She must have known it long,
But warily affects an ignorance
That flies the notice of it.

Southern. The Spartan Dame, Act i. sc. 1.
The fliers now a doubtful fight maintain
While the fleet horse in squadrons scour the plain.
Rowe. Lucan, b. iv.

The fly-kind, if under that name we comprehend all other flying insects, as well such as have four as such as have but two wings, of both which kinds there are many subordinate genera, will be found in multitude of species, to equal, if not exceed, both the foremention'd kinds.

Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. p. 23.

And if he hit to make his fie right, and have the luck to hit, also, where there is store of trouts, a dark day and a right wind; he will catch such store of them, as will enfly-making.-Walton. Angler, pt. i. c. 2. courage him to grow more and more in love with the art of

The young of a mare or ass.

The carter smote and cried as he were wood,
Heit scot, heit brok, what, spare ye for the stones?
The fend (quoth he) you fecche body and bones,
As ferforthly as ever ye were foled,
So mochel wo as I have with you tholed.
Chaucer. The Freres Tale, v. 7127.

And from a tender colt they take the knap That from the front at foaling first the damme for lose

doth snap, Whom now thei do preuent.

Phaer. Virgill. Eneidas, bir And cuts the forehead of a new-born fole, Robbing the mother's love.

Dryden. Ib. Worldely princes loue fierce stiering coursers, feled corn purposely for warres, and wel broken and taught thereafter Udal, Luke, c. 13.

Reioice_thou greatly, Q, doughter Sion, be gladde. doughter Jerusalem. For lo, the King commeth vite the euen the ryghtuous and Sauyoure: Lowlye and symple a he, he rydeth vpon an asse, and vpon the fosie of an asse. Bible, 1551. Zachary, t

Of all the rest in that great waste that went,
Of those quick carrions the most eminent
Was a poor mule upon the common bred,
And from his foaling farther never fed.

Drayton. The Moon-ca
With that his strong dog, of no dastard kinde,
(Swift as the foales conceived by the winde,)
He set upon the wolfe.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. §. 4. Then he again, by way of irrision, "yee say very tree deed, that will ye, quoth hee, when a mule shall bring faces a fole." Afterwards when this Galba began to rebell aspire unto the empire, nothing hartened him in this des signe of his so much, as the foling of a mule.

FOAM, v. FOAM, n. FO'AMY.

Holland. Suetonius, p. 212 A. S. Fam, spuma, fome, froth; Fæman, spumare, to fome or froth (Somner.) Chaucer (as Juniss has noticed) writes Vomes. Setiger spamis hume ros notavit; "The bristled bore marked with comes the shulders of Hercules," (Boet. Le Cons, lib. iv. met. 7.) Skinner derives from fumus; Wachter. from spuma, detracto sibilo.-There seems no o casion to go farther than the A. S.

To throw forth or emit foam or froth; (met.)

to rave or rage.

And lo a spiryt takith him and sodeinly he crieth, and hurtlith down, and to draweth him with foome. Wiclif. Luke, c.9

And se a spirite taketh him, and sodenlye he crieth, an he teareth him, that he foameth againe.—Bible, 1551. A. Howe so it were, the windes nowe hoysted vp our sales. Wee furrowing in the foaming flooddes to take our best

auailes.

Gascoigne. A Deuice of a Maske for Viscount Montacut.

[Tyndall] answereth me with an hydeous exclamacion, and crying out vpon my fleshlines and folye, fometh oute hys hyghe spirituall sentence in thys fashion.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 579. The shores they leave; with ships the seas are spred; Cutting the fome, by the blew seas they swepe.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv.

Aye the wynde was in the sayle,
Over fomes they flett withowtyn fayle,
The wethur them forth gan swepe.

Le Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, v. 3.
But vnto Bitias she it raught with charge and he anon
The fomy bolle of golde vpturnde, and drew till all was
gon.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. i.

Let me here contemplate thee

First, cheerful bridegroom, and first let me see

How thou prevent'st the sun

And his red foaming horses dost outrun.

Donne. Raising of the Bridegroom.

To conclude, the very foaming channell of the river, tained and died with the barbarians' bloud, was even mazed to see such strange and uncouth sights.

Holland. Ammianus, p. 76.
Look how two boars
Together side by side, their threat'ning tusks do whet,
And with their gnashing teeth their angry fome do bite,
Whilst still they should'ring seek each othere where to
smite.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 12.

The warlike chariot turn'd upon the back,
With the dead horses in their traces ty'd,

Drags their fat carcase through the foamy brack,
That drew it late undauntedly in pride.

Id. Moses his Birth and Miracles, b. iii.

I should offer wrong

To her mind's fortitude, should I but ask
How she can brook the rough high-going sea,
Over whose foamy back our ship, well rigg'd
With hope and strong assurance, must transport us.
Massinger. The Renegado, Act v. sc. 3.

Careless in Sabine woods I stray'd,
A grisly foaming wolf unfed,
Met me unarm'd yet trembling fled.

Roscommon. Horace, b. i. Ode 22.

When the wind whistles through the crackling masts,
When through the yawning ship the foaming sea
Rowls bubling in; then, then, I'll clasp thee fast,
And in transporting love forget my fear.

Smith. Phædra & Hippolitus, Act ii.

More pleas'd we are to see a river lead
His gentle streams along a flowery mead,
Than from high banks to hear loud torrents roar,
With foamy waters on a muddy shore.

Dryden. The Art of Poetry.

But now the waters, swell'd with heavy rains
And melted snows, had delug'd all the plains;
And loudly foaming, with resistless force,
Had borne the bridge before them in their course.
Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. ix.

Yet let me choose some pine-topt precipice,
Abrupt and shaggy, whence a foamy stream,
Like Anio, tumbling roars.-Warton. The Enthusiast.
FOB. Ger. Fuppe or Fupsack, saculus, says
tinner; but of these words Wachter makes no
ention. Applied to-

A small pocket; the pocket for the watch.

He who had so lately sack'd

The enemy, had done the fact,

Had rifled all his pokes and fobs

of gimcracks, whims, and jiggumbobs.-Hudib. pt. iii. c.1.

When a holy black Swede, the son of Bob,

With a saint at his chin, and a seal at his fob, shall not see one New-year's day in that year, Then let England make good chear.

Swift. The Windsor Prophecy.

FOB, v. Ger. Foppen, illudere, vel illudendo FOB, n. vexare; which Wachter thinks dered from Italian speech in the confines of the ps; and Skinner, from fiabbare, and that from bulari, to fable, to tell fables, delusive or deceitful

ories.

To delude, to deceive, to trick, to cheat; to put f with a trick, an evasion.

Maketh of Lyer a lang cart to lede alle thes othere As fobbes and faitours. Piers Plouhman, p. 34. The man, sir, that when gentlemen are tir'd gives them a b, [i. e. fob. Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act iv. sc. 3. 2 Smit. Pish, pish, widow, y' have borne me in hand these

ree months, and now fobb'd me.

B. Jonson. The Widow, Act ii. sc. 1.

But in the mean time, they may not think to fob us off, ith the colourable testimonies of B. Whitgift, King, Saraa, who were all well known to be just and good friends to -y-presbitery, as themselves are to Episcopacy.

Bp. Hall. Answer to a Calumniatory Epistle.

Cun, I'll fob him, here's my hand.

Clow. I shall be as glad as any man alive to see him well fobb'd, sir; but now you talk of fobbing, I wonder the lady sends not for me according to promise.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Sea Voyage, Act iv. sc. 1. Meanwhile the soldiers sigh'd and sobb'd, For not one sous had they; His Excellence had each man fobb'd, For he had sunk their pay. FO'CIL.

Prior. The Viceroy.

"Fr. Focile, the arm from the elbow to the wrist; the leg or shank from the knee to the ankle; each consisting of two bones," (Cotgrave.)

I was hastily fetch'd to assist one Mr. Powell, a barberchirurgeon, in the setting of a fracture of both the focils of the leg in a man about 60 years of age, of a tough dry body. Wiseman. Surgery, b. vii. c. 1. Lat. Focus, fire. Applied in Opticks to the point whither all the rays of light or heat concentrate, or whence they diverge.

FOCUS. FO'CAL.

In this room, I say, if the paper that receives the images be too nigh, or too far off the lens, the image will be confused and dim, but in the focus of the glass, distinct, clear, and a pleasant sight. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 2. Note 3.

If the extremes of the image A A were at a due focal distance, the middle B would be too nigh the christalline, and consequently appear confused and dim.-Id. Ib.

In that light the mind of an enquirer subdued by such an awfull image as that of the virtue and wisdom of a whole people collected into one focus, would pause and hesitate in condemning things even of the very worst aspect.

Burke. On the French Revolution.

By some late observations made by Mr. Short, with a reflecting telescope, whose focal length is 12 feet, it appears that Saturn's ring is divided into two unequall parts by a dark list, (which may be seen by telescopes of less power,) and that the outward and lesser part is again subdivided by other smaller lists, into several (apparently concentric) rings. Cambridge. The Scribleriad, b. iv. Note.

FO'DDER, v. A. S. Fodre, fother, fothur; FO'DDER, n. alitura, alimentum, pabulum; food, sustenance, fodder, nourishment, (Somner.) Dut. Voeder; Ger. Futer; Sw. Foder; Low Lat. Foderum. From the verb Fedan, to feed. It is also written fother.

That which feedeth; food. Applied to the dry food, hay, &c., which is given to cattle.

But ik am olde; me list not play for age;
Gras time is don, my foddre is now forage.

Chaucer. The Reves Prologue, v. 3866.

He aduised that for as much as they had bothe horsemen and footemen, and the countrey fertyll and haboundant of fodder: that they shoulde make no haste, but passe forwardes faire and easelye.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 116.

Let the cases be filled with natural earth (such as is taken the first half spit from just under the turf of the best pastureground,) in a place that has been well fother'd on. Evelyn. Kalendarium. May. And in the place where grows rank fodder for my neat, The turf which bears the hay, is wond'rous needful peat. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 21.

If milk be thy design: with plenteous hand
Bring clover-grass; and from the marshy land
Salt herbage for the foddering rack provide
To fill their bags, and swell the milky tide.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. iii. Their father Tyrrheus did their fodder bring; Tyrrheus, chief ranger to the Latin King. Id. Ib. Eneid, b. vii. This [the drag] not only forced out the grain, but cut the straw in pieces for fodder for the cattle, for in the Eastern countries they have no hay.-Louth. Notes on Isaiah, c. 28.

FOE, v. FOE, n. FOE-HOOD.

}

A. S. Fah, fa, past tense and past part. of the verb Fi-an, to hate, and means (subaud. any one) hated, (Tooke, ii. 175.) See FIEND, and Fон. Spenser uses Foe as a verb.

Any one hated; and, by usage, equivalent to Fiend, i.e. any one hating: an enemy, one hostile,

one who wishes ill, an ill-wisher.

Heo nuste wich were here frend, ne wych were hire fon.
R. Gloucester, p. 79.
That bataile was hard, fo-men has no frith [peace]
Slayn was that coward and his sonne him with.
R. Brunne, p. 90.

He brake the barres, and through the timber pearst
So large a hole whereby they might discerne
The house, the court, the secret chambers eke
Of Priamus, and auncient kings of Troy,
And armed foes in thentrie of the gate.

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii. He was fully determined neuer to leaue warre tyll either he had lost his awne natural life, or vtterly extinguished and put vnder his foes and enemies.-Hall. Edw. IV. an. 10. And there I sawe full many a bold attempt, By seelie soules best executed aye,

And bravest bragges (the foe-men's force to tempt)
Accomplished but coldely many a day.

Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre.
At last when him she so importune sawe,
Fearing least he at length the reanes would lend
Vnto his lust, and make his will his lawe,
Sith in his powre she was to foe or friend.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 11. ·

Then they that damzell called to them nie,
And asked her, what were those two her fone,
From whom she earst so fast away did flie.

This is now

Id. Ib. b. v. c. 8.

Our doom; which if we can sustain and bear,
Our supreme foe in time may much remit
His anger, and perhaps thus far remov'd
Not mind us not offending, satisfi'd
With what is punish't; whence these raging fires
Will slack'n, if his breath stir not thir flames.
Millon. Paradise Lost, b. ii.
Have you forgotten S. Hierome's and Ruffinus's deadlie
foe-hood which was rung over the world.
Bp. Bedell. Of Certain Letters, (1620.) c. 2. p. 325.
He

Foe-like has bent his bow, his hostile hand
Advanc'd, and slain the beauty of the land.

Sandys. Lament, p. 4.

Yet farre I deem'd it better for to die Then to my foe-men's feet an abiect lie.

Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 20.

Curst be the verse, how well so'er it flow,
That tends to make one worthy man my foe.

Pope. Prologue to the Satires.
The man whose hardy spirit shall engage
To lash the vices of a guilty Age;

At his first setting forward ought to know
That ev'ry rogue he meets must be his foe.

Churchill. The Conference.
And when the Almighty lifts his fiercest scourge
Gainst those who most transgress his high command.
With treble vengeance will his hot shafts urge
Gaul's locust host, and earth from fellest foe men purge.
Byron. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, c. 1.
FOETA'TION. Lat, Fetare, to bear, or bring
forth young.

Flies, caterpillars, and worms, being ripen'd to foetation by the heat of the sun, they live upon leaves and grass, and take their food without the care or assistance of those parents that produced them.

FOG, v.
FOG, n.
FO'GGILY.

FO'GGINESS.
FO'GGY.

Hale. Origin. of Mankind, c. 6. s. 3. Skinner thinks from A. S. Fog; Dut. Voeghe, conjunctio seu collectio, i.e. vaporum seu halituum; a gathering or collection, (sc.) of Feg-an, (ge-feg-an,) to gather, to collect. vapour or steam. Fog is from Fog,-of common use in the compoundPettyfogger,-occurs in Milton. Pettifogger probably means, a collector of petty suits; a paltry encourager of litigation: and it is in this evil application that fog is itself used by Milton.

A gathering or collection, (sc.) of vapour or steam; a mist; a thick or dense atmosphere; Foggy, (met.) Thick, cloudy, dull.

Also the fift of July there fell a hidious fogge and mist, that continued till the nineteenth of the same. so that one shippe could not see another.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 41.

Whose vale did daze mine eies, and darckned so my sight With error's foggie mist at first,

that reason gaue no light. Turbervile. The Penitent Louer vtterly renouncing Loue, &c.

As for the fogging proctorage of money, with such an eye as strook Gehazi with leprosy, and Simon Magus with a curse; so does she [Excommunication] look, and so threaten her fiery whip against that banking den of thieves that dare thus baffle, and buy and sell the awful and majestick wrinkles of her brow.-Milton. Reformation in Eng. b. ii. It must be such a dawn and shade

As that day cast, wherein was made
The sun, before man's damning fall

Threw a fogg'd guilt upon this all.-Feltham. Lusoria.

They [ministers of the Gospel] ought to endeavour to have their souls purified from the aflections of sin, that the light of divine truth may shine clear in them, and not be fogged and misled with filthy vapours.

Leighton. Commentary on Peter, Ess. 1. c. 1.
Fool, thou art wand'ring

In dangerous fogs, which will corrupt the purity
Of every noble virtue dwelt within thee.

Ford. The Fancies, Chaste & Noble, Act iv. sc. 1.

And Phoebus, flying so most shameful sight,

His blushing face in foggy cloud implyes, And hydes for shame.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 6.

25 Nov. 1696. There happen'd this weeke so thicke a mist

and fog, that people lost their waye in the streetes, it being so intense that no light of candles or torches yielded any (or but very little) direction. It began about 4 in the afternoone, and was quite gon by 8, without any winde to disperse it.-Evelyn. Memoirs, vol. ii.

Some beams of wit on other souls may fall,
Strike through, and make a lucid interval:
But Shadwell's genuine night admits no ray,

His rising fogs prevail upon the day.-Dryden. Flecknoe.

Should foggy Opdam chance to know

Our sad and dismal story;
The Dutch would scorn so weak a foe,
And quit their fort at Goree.

Dorset. Song written at Sea, ('665.)

May it [Metaphysics] not be compared to the mist, or fog, described by Homer, as spread on the tops of the hills?

Horne. Essays and Thoughts.

It ought to be observed, that in order to produce such deceptions from the clearness or fogginess of the air it must be uncommonly clear, or uncommonly foggy; for we learn from experience, to make allowance for that variety of constitutions of the air which we have been accustomed to observe, and of which we are aware.-Reid. Enquiry, c. 6. s. 22.

It is very certain, that as, in air uncommonly pure, we are apt to think visible objects nearer, and less than they really are; so, in air uncommonly foggy, we are apt to think them more distant, and greater than the truth.-Id. Ib.

FOG.

Low Lat. Fogagium, gramen quod æstate non depascitur, et quod spoliatis jam pratis hyemali tempore succrescit, (Spelman, and Du Cange.) Skinner suggests the It. Affogare, to choke; because choked or killed by the cold of winter. It is probably a consequential usage of FOG, ante.

Grass which has not been depastured or fed off in the summer. And see Brocket, Moore, and Nares.

The thick and well-grown fog doth mat my smoother slades. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 13. FOH. The nauseating interjection (as it is called) foh! or faugh, is the past part. of Fian, to hate, (Tooke.)

Foh! One may smel in such, a will most ranke,
Foule disproportions, thoughts unnatural.

Shakespeare. Othello, Act v. sc. 1.

FO'IBLE, n. "Fr. Foible; feeble, weak, Fo'IBLE, adj. S strengthlesse, faint, forceless," (Cotgrave.)

A foible; Fr. Foiblesse, a feebleness, a weakness, an infirmity. And see the quotation from Lord Herbert.

Then fencing-masters when they present a foyle or fleuret to their scholars, tell him that it hath two parts; one of which he calleth the fort or strong, and the other the foyble or weak.-Lord Herbert. Life, p. 46.

Presumption and self applause are the foibles of mankind. Waterland. Works, vol. v. p. 85.

I confess my foible with regard to flattery. I am as fond of it as Voltaire can possibly be; but with this difference, that I love it only from a masterly hand.

Chesterfield, b. i. Let. 11.

FOIL.

FO'LIER.

Lat. Folium; Fr. Feuille.

"A leaf (of a herb or tree;) also, a sheet or leaf of paper; also, the foyl of precious stones or looking-glasses; and hence, a grace, beauty, or glosse given unto," (Cotgrave.) in English applied, consequentially, to

It is

That which, by comparison or contrast, sets off or shows more conspicuously the superiority of some thing else.

Folier is the name given to the foil used by goldsmiths.

Fructified oliue of foiles faire and thicke,
And redolent cedre most dere worthy digned.

Chaucer. A Balade of our Ladie.
Which then appears more orient and more bright,
Having a foil whereon to show its light.

Drayton. Mary, to the Duke of Suffolk. The bird, thus getting that for which she strove, Brought it to her, to whom the Queene of Love Serv'd as a foyle, and Cupid could no other, But fly to her, mistaken for his mother.

Browne. Pastorals, b. ii. s. 3. Gau. The sullen passage of thy weary steppes Esteeme a soyle [foyle] wherein thou art to set The precious jewel of thy home returne.

Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act i. sc. 3. like plates, and those also are of a daintie or pleasant colour. The mast-holm may be cut into fine thine foile or leaves Holland. Plinie, b. xvi. c. 43.

Thou damn'd Antipodes to common sense, Thou foil to Flecknoe, pr'ythee tell from whence Does all this mighty stock of dullness spring? Dorset. To Mr. Edward Howard. Concerning the preparing these foliers, it is to be observed how and out of what substance they are prepared.

History of the Royal Society, vol. ii. p. 489. Had he known the full extent of Milton's excellence, Dennis thought he would not have ventured on this undertaking, [the State of Innocence,] unless he designed to be a foil to him: "but they (he adds) who knew Mr. Dryden, know very well that he was not of a temper to design to be a foil to any one."—Malone. Life of Dryden.

FOIL, v. The Fr. Affoler, Cotgrave says, is

FOIL, n. } « fort, is

Suffer therefore thyselfe here to be frighted from this the intended mischiefe, before thou have the foile there, an misse of thy purpose.-Holland. Livius, p. 478.

Ham. He that playes the king shall be welcome: h maiestie shall have tribute of mee; the aduenturous knight shall use his foyle and target.-Shakes. Hamiel, Act ii. sc. 2. So acted too

The generous Cæsar, when the Roman knew
A coward king had treacherously slain,
Whom scarce he foil'd on the Pharsalian plain.

Stepney. On the late Horrid Conspiracy. And three indirect insinuations will go as far in law towards the giving a downright lie, as three foilt will go towards a fall in wrestling.

Dryden. The Duchess of York's Paper Defended. And foil'd each rival with contending grace, Strain'd in the grasp, or distanc'd in the race.

Brookes. Jerusalem Delivered, b.

I have endeavoured to find out, if possible, the amoun of the whole of those demands, in order to see how man supposing the country in a condition to furnish the fand may remain to satisfy the publick debt, and the necessary establishments. But I have been foiled in my attempts. Burke. On the Nabob of Arcof's Def's

FOINE, v. "To Foine, v. Fr., to make a FOINE, n. pass in fencing; to push," (Tyrwhitt.) Skinner and Ruddiman; from Fr. Poire, also the A. S. Fandian, tentare, to try. pungere, to prick or point. The former suggests

To point, to push or thrust, to aim at.
And after that, with sharpe speres strong
They foinden eche at other wonder long.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 165
He foineth on his foo with a tronchoun,
And he him hurtleth with his hors adoun.-Id. Ib. v. 2617

Men might see speares shiuer asunder
That to beholde, it was a very wonder.
How they foine, with daggers and with swerds
Through the visers, aiming at berds.

Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. L Than they assembled togyder in al partes, and began li foyne with speares and stryke with axes and swerdes. Berners. Froissart. Cronycie, vol. ii. c. 317

And so there eche came to other with hande strokes.

Id. Ib. vol. ii. c.

:

A frollicke fauour foyld with fowle disgrace.
Gascoigne. David's Salutacion to Berzabe.

Into which, having thus made reentrie he could not yeeld againe to withdraw, though he sawe no encouragement to proceed, lest his credite, foyled in his first attempt, in a second should vtterly be disgraced. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 160.

If they lacke actiuitie, euery creature be he neuer so base of birthe, shall foyle and ouerthrowe them, like domme beastes, and beastly dastardes.-Hall. Edw. IV. an. 23. But taking the foyle, he fled into Fraunce. Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 62. For monye maks, and mars (say they) and coyne it keepes the coyle,

It binds the beare, it rules the roste,

it putts all things to foyle.-Drant. Horace, Sat. 1.
With noyse whereof when as the caytive carle
Should issue forth, in hope to find some spoyle,
They in await would closely him ensnarle,
Ere to his den he backward would recoyle;
And so would hope him easily to foyle.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9. Loe, this is all for which the great contend,

They fret and foyne, are crowded on
By those that hindmost be,
And with their weapons spoyle themselues,
And fellowes two or three.

Warner. Albion's England, b. fin.' Edg. Chill picke your teeth, zir: come, no matter t your foynes.—Shakespeare. Lear, Act iv. sc. 6.

Then both, no moment lost, at once advance
Against each other, arm'd with sword and lance:
They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore
Their corslets, and the thinnest parts explore.

Dryden. Palamon & Arciz FOISON. Fr. Foison, which Martinius derives from Dut. Fasen, to stuff, to fill; and Menage. with more probability, from the Lat. Fusio pouring forth. Consequentially, as the

"Fr. Foison,-store, plenty, abundance, grea fulness, enough."

ance;

Foison plenty, i. e. plenty to the utmost abu
Steevens; more literally, profusion.
His fader left him inouh, penyes grete forsonne.
R. Brusse, p. 543

So he may finden Goddes foison there,
Of the remenant nedeth not to enquire.

Chaucer. The Milleres Prologue, v. 3;65. God sent his foysen at hire grete nede.

Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4924 For the store and foison of fruits is that which openeti the trade and commerce of buying and selling. Holland. Plutarch, p. 74 Earth's increase, and foyzon plentie Barnes and garners, never empty.

Shakespeare. Tempest, Act iv. sc. L. FOIST. Dut. Fuste; Fr. Fuste; It. and Sp.

With their dominions doe their cares augment: And O vaine man who toylst to double toyles, Though still the victory the victor foyles.

ready.

Cotgrave says, "Fuste, a foist; a light galley that hath about 16 or 18 oares on a side, and two rowers to an oare."