-I did heare

The gallopping of horse. Who was't came by?

Shakespeare. Macbeth, Activ. sc. 1.

He that rides post through a countrey may be able, from the transient view, to tell how in general the parts lie, and may be able to give some loose description of here a mountain, there a plain, here a morass, and there a river; woodland in one part, and savanas in another. Such superficial ideas and observations as these he may collect in gallopping over it.-Locke. On the Conduct of the Understanding, § 24. Engag'd his [Publicola's] legions in fierce bustles, With periwinkles, prawns, and muscles, And led his troops with furious gallops, To charge whole regiments of scallops.

Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 3.

If I have company they are a parcel of chattering magpies; if abroad I am a gagling goose; when I return, you are a fine galloper; women, like cats, should keep the house.-Guardian, No. 132.

Master Blifil now, with his blood running from his nose, and the tears galloping after from his eyes, appeared before his uncle and the tremendous Thwackum.

Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. iii. c. 4.

GA'LLOW, Warburton says, is a West Country word, and Mr. Grose has "Galliment, a great fright. And Gallied, frightened. Exm." It is the A. S. A-yelw-an, to astony, abash, greatly affright. And see Gally, in Junius.

And on his match as much the western horseman lays
As the rank riding Scots upon their galloways.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 3.

Tradition reports that this kind [galloways] of horses are sprung from some Spanish stallions, which swam on shore from some of the ships of the famous Spanish armada, which were wrecked on the coast, and coupling with the mares of the country, peopled the kingdom with their posterity. They were much esteemed, and of a middling size, strong, active, nervous, and hardy, and were called Galloways, from being first known in the countrey which bears that name.-Berenger. On Horsemanship, vol. i. p. 205.

GALLOWS. Goth. and A. S. Galga; Dut. Galghe, which latter, Vossius thinks, approaches Gallows very near to the Lat. Gabalus, a cross.

is anciently written Galwe, and, probably, from the A. S. A-gelw-an, to affright; being raised in public view to inspire terror.

The

It is generally formed like the Greek ПI. word is also applied to one deserving the gallows; deserving to be hanged.

He that setteth a foole in hye dignite, that is euen as yf a man dyd caste a precyous stone upon the galous. Bible, 1551. Prouerbes, c. 26.

The more buxum wyll he bee,
That he were borowyd fro the galow tree,
I hope be hevyn kyng.

Le Bone Florence of Rome. Ritson, vol. iii.

Had y not hyght to holde counsayle,
Thou shouldest be honged, wythowt fayle
Upon a galowe-tree.-The Erle of Toulous. Ib. vol. i.

Then went he to the market-place,

As fast as he coulde hye,

A payre of new gallous there did he vp set,
Besyde the pyllory.

Adam Bel. Ib. Ancient Popular Poetry.

Let him be gallows-free by my consent And nothing suffer, since he nothing meant. Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. What honour a man wins, or saves, by that which gives him an opportunity of being hanged, is hard to be understood; but he that mistakes the cart for a triumphal chariot, or the gallow-tree for a triumphal arch, may apply himself to the obtaining such victories as these.-South, vol. x. Ser. 6. Hold him fast, the dog; he has the gallows in his face. Goldsmith. The Good-Natured Man, Act v. GALO CHE. Skinner says, Galloshoes, creGA'LLOSHOES. pida lignea, wooden shoes, from the Fr. Galloches, galoches; Sp. Galocha; It. Galozza, calceus altior rusticus. Gallica, a kind of shoes, a word noticed by Aulus Gellius, as introduced not long before the age of Cicero, who uses it Phil. ii. 30; and hence the F.. and It. are by See also Spelman, in v. Menage derived. Cotgrave," A woodden shooe, or patten, made all of a piece, without any latchet, or tye of leather, and worn by the poor clown in winter." And sprakliche he lokede

As is the kynd of a knyght, that cometh to be doubed
To geten hus gilte spores and goloches ytoped.
Piers Plouhman, p. 339.
Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,869.

Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche.

Nay, all things yet remain so crusty,
That were I now but half so lusty
As when we kiss'd four months agone,
And had but Dutch galloshoes on,
At one run I would slide to Lon-.

Cotton. Upon the Great Frost. GA'LVERLY, q. Ge-liverly; equivalent to deliverly, (qv.) cleverly, actively.

If you happen upon a light gennet that is young and trotteth galverly, of good making, colour, and fast going, if you buy him for me for reasonable money and send him over, your money shall be repaid.

Wriothesley. To Sir. T. Wyatt. Oct. 1537.

GAMBAULD. GAMBAU'DING.

GAMBA'DOES.

GA'MBOL, V. GA'MBOL, n.

Fr. Gambader, gambiller; It. Sgambettare, which Menage derives from the It. Gamba; Fr. Jambe; Low Lat. Campa, a leg, and this

from the Gr. Kaurn, a joint. Est tibi Gamba capri, is rendered by Fuller, Gamb'd like a goat, (Cornwall. )

"Fr. Gambiller,-to wag the legs in sitting, as children use to do. Gambader, to turn heels over head, make many gambols, fetch many frisks, show tumbling tricks," (Cotgrave.) So, in English, to gambol, is

To fetch many frisks or frolics; to skip, to caper, to play wantonly with the legs, to run about, jump about, playfully and nimbly; to jump or start aside.

Quid est quod sic gestis? What is the matter that you leape and skyppe so? for that you fet such gambauldes. Udal. The Flowers of Latine Speaking, fol. 72.

With gambauding thriftles.

Skelton. Why Come ye not to Court?

One of them as soone as hee sawe the boate, beganne to leape forward and backeward with so great nimblenesse, that doubtless he seemd to all of vs a man of great agilitie, and we took no small pleasure while we beheld them fetching these gambols.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 412. Some to disport them selfs their sondry maistries tried on grasse,

And some their gamboldes plaid, and some on sand their wrastling was. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vi.

I know not whether he [James I.] or his son first brought up the use of gambadoes, much worne in the west, whereby, while one rides on horseback, his leggs are in a coach, clean and warme, in those dirty countries.

Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall.

Tita. Be kinde and curteous to this gentleman,
Hop in his walkes, and gambole in his eies;
Feed him with apricocks, and dew-berries,
With purple grapes.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 1.

It is not madnesse

That I haue vttered; bring me to the test

And I the matter will reword; which madnesse
Would gamboll from.-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iii. sc 4.
Bears, tygers, ounces, pards,

Gambold before them.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

And neither good cheare,
Mirth, fooling, nor wit,

Nor any least fit

Of gambol, or sport

Will come at the court.-B. Jonson. To Mr. John Burges.

All kind of freedom in speech was then [in their Saturnalia] allowed to slaves, even against their masters; and we are not without some imitation of it in our Christ gambols.-Dryden. Dedication to Juvenal. Damotas deftly on his lute could play, And Daphnis sweetly pip'd, and caroll'd to his lay: Their heifers gambol'd on the grass-green fields; In singing neither conquers, neither yields.

Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyl &

Yet fairy elves (so ancient customs will)
The green gown'd fairy elves, by starry sheen,
May gambol or in valley or on hill,
And leave their footsteps on the circled green.
Thompson. An Hymn to May.

I was in a manner stupified by the desperate boldness of a few obscure young men, who having obtained, by way which they could not comprehend, a power of which they

saw neither the purposes nor the limits, tossed about, sub

verted, and tore to pieces, as if it were in the gambols of a

boyish unluckiness and malice, the most established right

and the most ancient and most revered institutions, of ag and nations.-Burke. On Mr. Fox's East India Bül. i. e. Gammon, (qv.)

To bind up the legs; to tie or bind by the leg Ge. Lay by your scorn and pride, they're scurve qualities,

And meet me, or I'll box you while I have you,
And carry you gambril'd thither like a mution.

Beaum. & Fletcher. The Nice Valour, Act iv. sc. As appears it hath, by the weight which the tendon Iris on a horse's gambrel doth then command, when he rears a with a man upon his back.-Grew. Cosmo Sacra, b. i. c. 5

GAME, v. GAME, n. GA'MESOME. GA'MESTER. GA'MING, n. GA'MBLE, V. GA'MBLER. deride, to mock.

A. S. Gamian, ludere, illuder to sport, to play, to make sport of.

To play; (sub.) for mon staked or pledged, or betted To make game or sport of consequentially, to laugh at

Game, the noun, is, any sport or amuseme active or sedentary, among different perso (usually) as a match for trial of skill or luck.

Game is also applied to the object played for pursued; especially "to those species of w animals which the arbitrary constitutions of p tive law have distinguished from the rest the well-known appellation of Game," (Bla stone, ii. 1.)

Gamester, in the passage quoted from Sha speare, does not signify a man viciously dicted to games of chance, but a frolickso person,"-Steevens; (i. e. a gamesome person.)

Vpe the alurs of the castles the laydes thanne stode.
And by hulde thys noble game, and wyche knygts v
R. Gloucester, p.
god.

Tostus tok his leue aryued in Norweie,
& how the gamen gede lithe I salle gow seie.

R. Brunne, F And if we grutche of hys game. he wol greve ons sarri To hus clees clawen us. and in hys cloches holde. Piers Ploukman,

And yet is this the beste game of alle,
That she, for whom they have this jolite,
Con hem therfore as mochel thank as me.
Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1
Thereto she coude skip, and make a game,
As any kid or calf folowing his daine.

Id. The Milleres Tale, v.3 And thus was all the game shent.-Gower Con. A. b. A citizen, in secret wyse

thy fame thou dost desyer:

A farmer, thou the townish games

doste burne for, hote as fyer.

Drant. Horace. Epistle to his Balie in the Coas

And therefore Johannes Sarisburiensis allows of every ame, if it can ease our griefs, or aleviate our burdens ithout the loss of our innocence.

Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iv. c. 1. Lycaon hath the report of setting our first publicke games, d proving of maistries and feats of strength and activitee, Arcadia.-Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56.

Their reasons, like those toys

Of glassy bubbles, which some gamesome boys
Stretch to so nice a thinness through a quill,

That they themselues break, and do themselues spill.

Donne. The Progress of the Soul.

So may we oft a vent'rous father see,
To please his wanton son, his only joy,
Coast all about, to catch the roving bee,
And, stung himself, his busy hands employ
To save the honey for his gamesome boy.

P. Fletcher. Christ's Triumph over Death.

Sirra, young gamester, your father were a foole,
To give thee all, and on his wayning age
Set foot vnder thy table.

Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act ii. sc. 1.

Said S. Cyprian, a common gamester, or dice player, may himself Christian, but indeed he is not: and S. Clemens exandrinus says, idleness and wantonness provides these mes for the lazy and useless people of the world.

Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iv. c. 1.

Roger Askam born in Yorkshire, notably skilful in the
eek and Latin tongues, who had some times been school
ister to Queen Elizabeth, and her secretary for the Latin
gue; but taking too great delight in gaming and cock
hting, he both lived and died in mean estate, yet left
hind him sundry monuments of wit and industry.
Baker, an. 1602.

Could fools to keep their own contrive,
On what, on whom, could gamesters thrive?
Is it in charity you game,

To save your worthy gang from shame?

Gay. Fables, pt. ii. Fable 12.

From Lord Sunderland's returning to his post all men ncluded that his declaring as he did for the exclusion was rtainly done by direction from the King, who naturally red craft and a double game.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1682.

As when the shepherd, on the mountain brow,
Sits piping to his flocks and gamesome kids.
Thomson. Liberty, pt. iii.

The losing gamester shakes the box in vain,
And bleeds, and loses on, in hopes to gain.
Dryden. Ovid. Art of Love.
Mr. Hyde going to a place called Pickadilly, (which was a
ir house for entertainment, and gaming, with handsome
avel-walks with shade, &c.)
Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. i. p. 241.
Poetry and gaming, which usually go together, are alike
this too, that they seldom bring any advantage but to
ose who have nothing else to live on.-Locke. Educ. § 174.
Avarice itself does not calculate strictly when it games.
ne thing is certain, that in this political game, the great
tery of power is that, into which men will purchase with

illions of chances against them.

Burke. On Shortening the Duration of Parliaments. It is for fear of losing the inestimable treasure we have, at I do not venture to game it out of my hands for the vain ope of improving it.-Id. Reform of Representation.

The merry tabor's gamesome sound
Provok'd the sprightly dance around.

Beattie. The Wolf & Shepherds.

Jus. What's the matter.
Nig. Hee has stolne gammar Vrsla's panne.
B. Jonson. Bartholomew Fair, Act v. sc. 6.
Should gammar Gurton leave these helps at home,
To church with Bible, 'tis in vain to come.
Fawkes. A Pair of Spectacles.

GA'MMON. Fr. Jambone; Sp. Jamon; It. Gambone, and these, adds Skinner, from the Fr. Jambe; It. Gamba. (See GAMBAULD.) "The leg or shank, (extending from the knee to the ancle,)" Cotgrave. Skinner thinks all from the A. S. Ham.

I would have him buried Even as he lyes, cross-legg'd, like one o' th' templers, (If his Westphalia gammons will hold crossing.)

Beaum. & Fletch. The Captain, Act ii. sc. 1. Upon speaking with the master, we learnt that they had broke their forestay, and the gammon of their bowsprit. Anson. Voyage round the World, b. i. c. 7.

GA'MUT, i. e. Gamma-ut; the Gr. T. In Fr. Game; It. and Sp. Gamma, scala musica; the scale of music.

I must begin with rudiments of art,
To teach you gamoth in a briefer sort,
More pleasant, pithy, and effectual,
Then hath beene taught by any of my trade.

Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act iii. sc. 1.
When by the gamut some musicians make
A perfect song; others will undertake
By the same gamut chang'd to equal it.

Donne, Elegy 2. The Anagram.

Long has a race of heroes fill'd the stage,
That rant by note, and through the gamut rage;
In songs and airs express their martial fire,
Combat in trills, and in a fugue expire.

Addison. Prologue to Phædrus & Hippolita. Birds chaunt their melodious notes, without labouring through the gamut, or squandering years by the side of an expensive music-master.

Cogan. On the Passions, vol. ii. Dis. 3. c. 3. s. 2. GAN, i. e. Began. See GIN.

GANCH. "Fr. Ganché; Let fall (as in a strappado) on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon languishing until he die,” (Cotgrave.) Sp. Gancho; It. Gancio, a hook; Skinner thinks from the Lat Uncus, a hook.

Take him away, ganch him, impale him, rid the world of such a monster.-Dryden. Don Sebastian, Act iii. sc. 2.

Their ganshing is after this manner: he sitteth upon a wall, being five fathoms high, within two fathoms of the top of the wall; right under the place where he sits, is a strong iron hook fastened, being very sharp; then is he thrust off the wall upon this hook, with some part of his body, and there he hangeth, sometimes two or three days before his death.-Churchill. Voyages, vol. vii. p. 478.

GANDER. A. S. Gandra; Dut. Gans; Ger. Gansard, gansz; Sp. Ganzo; Lat. Ganza, anser, q. d. ganser, manifestly, says Skinner, from the Lat. Anser. See Goose, and the quotation from Pliny in v. Ganza.

I wisse (quod I) & yet though ye would believe one yt wold tell you, that twise two ganders made alway four gese, yet ye would be aduised ere ye beleued hym, that woulde tell you that twise two gese made all waye four ganders. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 169.

Their gander feast, what Manlius and
Camillus did therein,

How this the cappitoll, and that
From Brenn his spoyles did win,
I pretermit.

A gang, the road or way by which we go; also, a number going, or who go together, who go to or from work together, and thus, who work together.

Sche sais, no knyght that lifes now

Mai help hir half so well als thou:

Gret word sal gang of thi vassage, [i. e. vasselage,]
If that thou win hir heritage.

Ywaine & Gwaine. Ritson, vol. i.

A poplar greene, and with a kerved seat
Under whose shade I solace in the heat;
And thence can see gang out and in my neat.

B. Jonson. The Sad Shepherd, Act ii. sc. 2. Mons. Du Pre, accompanied by Du Broetti and Du Fargis, had lately given a meeting at Yvian to one of the Duke of Savoy's guard, who used to come into our parts; and a certain Frenchman living at the same place, was also suspected to be of their gang.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 132.

In order to furnish, at the expence of your honour, an excuse to your apologists here for several enormities of yours, you would not have been content to be represented as a gang of Maroon slaves, suddenly broke loose from the house of bondage, and therefore to be pardoned for your abuse of the liberty to which you were not accustomed, and were ill fitted.-Burke. On the French Revolution.

As we were putting off the boat, they laid hold of the gang-board, and unhooked it off the boat's stern. Cook. Second Voyage, b. iii. c. 4.

I had hardly got into the boat, before I was told they had stolen one of the ancient stanchions from the opposite gangway, and were making off with it.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 9. GANGRENE, v. GA'NGRENE, n. GANGRENATED. GANGRENOUS.

eat, (Vossius.)

Fr. Gangrene; It. Gancrena; Lat. Gangræna ¡ Gr. Γαγγραινα, from Γραειν, signifying εσθίειν, το

To eat, to consume, to corrode; to eat or consume the vital powers; and thus, consequentially, to mortify or become mortified.

Menen. The seruice of the foote

Being once gangren'd, is not then respected

For what before it was.-Shakes. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc. 1. These inclinations and evil forwardnesses, this dyscrasie and gangren'd disposition, does always suppose a long or a base sin for their parent, and the product of this is a wretchless spirit.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 20.

And my chyrurgeons apprehended some fear, that it may grow to a gangrene, and so the hand must be cut off.

Digby. A Discourse of the Sympathetic Powder. So parts cauterized, gangrenated, siderated and mortified, become black, the radical moisture, or vital sulphur suffering an extinction and smothered in the part affected.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 20.

It being unsafe for any to carry him [Captain Bean] off by day, his wound gangrened before night, and he died about two days after.-Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 64.

The very substance of the soul is festered with them; the gangrene is gone too far to be ever cured; the inflammation will rage to all eternity.-Spectator, No. 90.

A man, whom I suppose you have often seen, a while since received such a kick of a horse, as made the doctor and chirurgeon, who tended him, to conclude the part gangre nated, and the patient's condition by the accession of a violent fever, so desperate, that they desired to meddle with him no longer.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 116.

But to accuse the Gospel of severity on this account, would be just as rational and as equitable, as to charge the surgeon with cruelty for amputating a gangrened limb. Porteus, vol. ii. Ser. 1.

It [fear] has occasioned gangrenes, indurations of the glands, epilepsies, the suppression of natural or beneficial secretions. Cogan. On the Passions, vol. i. pt. ii. c. 3. s. 2.

Instead of defending these doctrines, it is the duty of a real disciple of Jesus Christ to reprobate them as gangrenous excrescences, corrupting the fair form of genuine Christianity.-Anecdotes of Bp. Watson, vol. i. p. 413.

Warner. Albion's England, b. iii. c. 16. Ganders and geese engender togither in the very water. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 59.

the gander visits her twice or thrice a day, and sometimes drives her off to take her place, where he sits with great state and composure.

Goldsmith. Animated Nature, b. vii. c. 11.

GANG, v. A. S. Gangan, (formed by the GANG, n. Sreduplication of gan, to go;) Dut. Gaan, gan-ghen, to go. See GING.

Forgive me, therefore, if I say, I cannot with patience think, that a young gentleman should be put into the herd, and be driven with whip and scourge, as if he were to run the gantlet through the several classes, ad capiendum ingenii cultum.-Locke. Of Education, s. 147.

Some said he ought to be tied neck and heels; others, that

he deserved to run the gantelope.

Fielding. History of a Foundling, b. vii. c. 11,

GANZA.

GAOL, n. GA'OLER.

Also written Jail, and by Junius, Yail. Low Lat. Gaiola; GA OLING, n. Fr. Geôle, gaiole, gayole; Dut. Ghioole. All, says Skinner, from the Lat. Caveola. Menage says, Geôle, from gabiola, diminutive of gabia, (a cage, qv.) which he derives from cavea. Cotgrave,-"Geôle, a gaol or prison; also, a cage or coop for birds."

A prison, a place of imprisonment or confinement.

Hue leteth passe prisoners. and paieth for hem ofte.
And geveth the guiler gold. & grotes to gederes
To unfeterye the false.

Piers Plouhman, p. 47.

And Palamon, this woful prisoner,
As was his wone, by leve of his gayler
Was risen, and romed in a chambre on high.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1066.

And on a day befell, that in that houre,
Whan that his mete wont was to be brought,
The gailer shette the dores of the toure;
He hered it wel, but he spake right naught.

Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,735.

And in this yere [1293] as one Richard Bagle, offycer of the sheriffes of London, was ledynge a prysoner towarde the gayole, ye which he before arrested, three men rescowed the sayd prysoner.-Fabyan, an. 1293.

God our chiefe gayler, as himself is insensible, so vseth he in his punishments inuisible instrumēts, and therefore not of like fashion as the tother gaylers doo, but yet of like effect & as paynfull in feeling as those.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1246.

There likewise was a long statute against vagabonds, wherein two things may be noted; the one, the dislike the Parliament had of gaoling of them, as that which was chargeable, pesterous, and of no open example. Bacon. Henry VII. p. 215.

Yet ere his happie soule to heaven went
Out of his fleshlie gaole, he did devise
Unto his heauenlie maker to present
His bodie, as a spotless sacrifise.

Spenser. The Ruines of Time.

The gailor, bribed, with his keyes
To stay or free him sent her.
"Loue (louely Richard) makes," quoth she,
"That I this hell-house enter :
Hence make escape, remembering me,
That thus for thee doe venter."

Warner. Albion's England, b. v. c. 24.

She [Elizabeth] called him [Benefield] always her gaoler, which though she did in a way of raillery, yet it was so sharp, that he avoided coming any more to the Court.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1558.

It was their [the Council's] pleasure that I [Mountain] should be delivered, if that I would be a conformable man to the Queen's proceedings, and forsake heresy, or else to remain in prison until the next sessions of gaol-delivery. Strype. Memorials, vol. iv. c. 23. an. 1554.

Small eggs appear, Dire fraught with reptile life; alas, too soon They burst their filmy gaol, and crawl abroad. Grainger. The Sugar Cane, b. ii.

Gaolers are also the servants of the sheriffs, and he must be responsible for their conduct. Their business is to keep safely all such persons as are committed to them by lawful warrant.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 9.

They have, besides, a commission of general gaol-delivery; which empowers them to try and deliver every prisoner who shall be in the gaol when the judges arrive at the circuit town, whenever or before whomsoever indicted, or for whatever crime committed.-Blackstone. Comment. b. iv. c. 19.

GAP, n. A gap and a gape are the regular past tense and past part. of ge-yppan, (to open,) by the change of the characteristic y to a. (Tooke, ii. 199.)

An opening, an aperture, a hole, a vacuity, a vacant space.

And stoppe sone and deliverly

All the gappes of the hay, [i. e. hedge.]

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. The Kyng entendinge to stoppe two gappes with one bushe, sent Syr Gylbert Talbot, and the other two ambassadors, principally to Bishop July, and by theim sent also to the Duke of Urbyne, the whole habite and coller of the noble ordre of the gartier.-Hall. Henry VII. an. 22.

But, as it fareth in such cases, the gap which for just considerations wee open unto some, letteth in others through corrupt practices, to whom such fauours were neither meant, nor should be communicated.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 81.

It is seldom that the scheme of his [St. Paul's] discourse makes any gap; and therefore without breaking in upon the connection of his language, it is hardly possible to separate his discourse, and give a distinct view of his several arguments in distinct sections. Locke. The Epistle to Galatians, Pref. Then follows an immense gap, in which, undoubtedly, some changes were made by time; and we hear little more of them [Germans] until we find them Christians, and makers of written laws.

Burke. Abridgement of English History, b. ii. c. 7. GAP-TOOTHED. See GAT-TOOthed.

A. S. Ge-yppan, to open.

GAPE, v. GA'PER. To open (subaud. the mouth,) GA'PING, n. to open, (sc.) with eagerness, as young birds do for their food; and thus, to crave, to desire or covet eagerly, to long for or after, to seek or look anxiously after.

And by gynne to galpe.-Piers Plouhman, p. 247.
Then cam I to that cloystre, and gaped abouten,
Though it was pilered and poynt.

This Nicholas sat ay as stille as ston,
And ever he gaped upward into the eire.

Id. Crede.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3473.

See how she galpeth, lo, this dronken wight,
As though he wold us swalow anon right.

Id. The Manciples Prologue, v. 16,984. But alway cruel rauine deuouring all yt they haue gottē, sheweth other gapings, that is to say, gapen and desiren yet after mo richesse.-Id. Boecius, b. ii.

That whan a man for payne cride,
The bull of bras, whiche gapeth wyde
It shulde seem, as though it were
A belowinge in a man's ere,

And not the crienge of a man.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

For whiles you know I was your own,
So long in vaine you made me gape,
And tho' my faith it were well knowne,
thou toke thereat.

In Yet small regard to root regarded in earnest suit, &c.

muscles and skin, and shew us the scragged and kneey back-bone, the gaping and ghastly jaws, and all the scelet underneath.-Bentley, Ser. 8.

The Dutch, who are more famous for their industry and application, than for wit and humour, hang up in several of the head of an ideot dressed in cap and bells, and pine is their streets, what they call the sign of the gaper, that is, a most immoderate manner: this is a standing jest at Am sterdam.-Spectator, No. 47.

All eyes were fixed on them, all ears open to hear them: each party gaped, and looked alternately for their wate almost to the end of their speeches. Burke. On American Taxation

GAR, v. A. S. Gearwian, gyrwan; Dut. Gaerwen, gerwen; Ger. Gar-en; Sw. Goera, parare, præ. stare, facessere, facere. Ihre observes, that the more general signification (facere) prevails amer the northern English, and the Scotch. See GARE, GARNISH.

To prepare or make ready; to cause to do, to make; and thus, consequentially, to force. Egbright gadred partie, and gared him fulle sone.

R. Brunne, p.16 Ageyn the Erle Godwyn he gart sette assise.-Id. p. i. Gregorie the grete clerk. gart write in bokes The ruele of alle religions.

Piers Plouman, p. 83.

And yf he any gruchyng make,
Many a crowne y schall gar crake
And bodyes to owpe and dare.

Lu Bone Florence of Rome. Ritron, vel
Tell me, good Holbinol, what gars thee greet!
What? hath some wolfe thy tender lambs ytorue?
Or is thy bagpipe broke, that sounds so sweet?
Or art thou of thy loued lasse forlorne!

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Apri

GARB. Fr. Garbe; It. and Sp. Garbo, which Skinner thinks are from the A. S. Ge-ara præparare, ornare, instruere, to prepare, to adora Menage confesses his difficulty.

The dress, the clothing or vesture; the habit, fashion, mode or manner.

And with a lisping garb this most rare man
Speaks French, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian.

Drayton. The Or

Pausanias upon these hopes grew more insolent th before, and began to live after the Persian garbe, and ca himself more ruggedly and imperiously towards those w were in league with that state.-Usher. Annals, an.

His genius addicted him to the study of Antiquity ferring rust before brightness, and more conforming mind to the garbe of the former than mode of the moder times.-Fuller. Worthies. Suffolk.

In this consists our putting on of the Lord Jesus Christ namely, in imitating his manners, and following the gr

and fashion of his conversation.

Scott. Christian Life, ptic When now advanc'd so near in sight they drew, That by their Moorish garb the warriors knew

The hostile band.

Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxvi

is thinks it strongly allied to the Sp. avi GARBAGE. Of uncertain etymology. Ja

For they were not wont to brynge offerynges of theyr ownediripere, to tear away, (sc.) a costis ar

from round about, but theyr gapyng was to receiue the offerings and giftes from al quarters about, and to giue nothyng

agayne.-Bale. Apology, fol. 88.

Only the lazy sluggard yawning lies
Before thy threshold, gaping for thy dole,
And licks the easy hand that feeds his sloth.
Carew. Cælum Britannicum.

And though his language differ from the vulgar somewhat; it shall not fly from all humanity, with the Taberlanes, and Tamer-Chams of the late age, which had nothing in them but the scenicall strutting, and furious vociferation, to warrant them to the ignorant gapers.-B. Jonson. Discoveries.

For that that causeth gaping or stretching is, when the spirits are a little heavy, by any vapour, or the like. For then they strive (as it were,) to wring out, and expel that which loadeth them.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 296.

Studying his looks, and watching at the board,
He gapes to catch the droppings of my lord;
And, tickled to the soul at every joke,
Like a press'd watch, repeats what t'other spoke.

Pitt. Epistle to Mr. Spence.

Is there then any physical deformity in the fabric of the human body; because our imagination can strip it of its

pisciumque.

Skinner, the A. S. Ge-arc

præparare, apparare; garbage being the whe apparatus or furniture of the abdomen. Minshe says,-To garbage or

garbish,

to take out th

entrails of any thing; from garble, to purify, And garbage is,That which is purged or cleansed away;

cleanse.

offal.

This gathers up the scum, and thence it sends
To be cast out; another, liquors base;
Another, garbage, which the kitchen cloys.

P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, t

These are of a diet like unto the Devil, for nothing hi garbage and carrion are his dainties; the more rotten w sin, the more pleasing to his palate; that which stinks in God's nostrils, that smells the sweetest in his.

Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. S

Rare taste, and worthy of a poet's brain,

To prey on garbage, and a slave adore!
In such to find out charms, a bard must feign
Beyond what fiction ever feign'd of yore.

Grainger. The Poems of Sulpici

The subsistence which they [the inhabitants of Canton] find there is so scanty, that they are eager to fish up the nastiest garbage thrown overboard from any European ship. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 8.

GARBLE, v. Fr. Grabeler; It. Garbellare. GARBLER. Cotgrave says," Grabeller, to arbell spices, &c. (and hence) also, to examine recisely, sift nearly, look narrowly, search curiusly, into." The statute 1 Rich. III. c. 11, was nade "for the remedie of the excessiue price and adnesse of bowestaues, which partly is growen, ecause the merchants will not suffer any garbeling r sorting of them to bee made." And, after ertain enactments, such bowestaues are forbidden o be sold ungarbelled. As usually applied in nglish, to garbell is—

To pick out, sift out, what may serve a parcular purpose; and thus, destroy or mutilate the ir character of the whole.

When justice is refin'd,

And corporations garbled to their mind;
Then passive doctrines shall with glory rise.

Walsh. The Golden Age restored. But there was a farther secret in this clause, which may st be discovered by the first projectors, or at least the rblers of it; and these are known to be Collins and Tindal, conjunction with a most pious lawyer, their disciple. Swift. The Examiner, No. 19.

Among all the excesses into which the Tories ran, in vour of the crown, and in hopes of fixing dominion in their 'n party, their zeal to support the methods of garbling rporations was, in my opinion, that which threatened iblick liberty the most.

Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties, Let. 6. GARBOIL, v. Dut. Graboeile; Fr. GarGA'RBOIL, n. bouil; It. Garbuglio. Menage educes it from the Lat. Turba; thus, turba, turila, turbulium, ciurbulium : ciarbuglium, carbulium, rbuglio. Minshew, Garbaglio, q. granboglio, agna ebullitio. To garboil, is

To throw into confusion, to involve in confusion disorder, to cause a turmoil, ("a hurly-burly, eat stir," Cotgrave.)

With great uproares and garboile shal there be arysinges nacion againste nacion, and royalme againste royalme. Udal. Luke, c. 21. It is the deuilishe sort of men that insourgeth and raiseth rboyle againste the veritie, whiche thei deadly hate and nnot abyde.-Id. Ib. c. 23.

She's dead, my queene.

Looke here, and at thy soueraigne leysure read
The garboiles she awak'd.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i sc. 3.

He sees another on a Frenchman fly,
And with a pole-ax dasheth out his brains
Whilst he's demanding what the garboil means.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.
Since they but garboils were, in a deformed mass,
Not ordered fitting war, we lightly overpass.
Id. Poly-Olbion, s. 22.
Give me the numb'red verse which Virgil sung,
And Virgil's self shall speak the English tongue,
Manhood and garboiles shall he chaunt with changed feet,
And head-strong dactyls making music meet.
Bp. Hall, b. i. Sat. 6.

Hippocrates had caused it to be bruited at Syracusa, that arcellus had put all the Leontines to the sword, not sparing tle children; and afterwards Hippocrates coming thither the sudden, in the fear and garboil of this false bruit, he sily took the city.-North. Plutarch, p. 260.

But by this means all Greece stood in marvellous garboil that time, and the state of the Athenians specially in eat danger.-Id. Ib. p. 278.

Here would be a precedent to tip down so many lords at a ne, and to garboil the house, as often as any party should

ve a great majority.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1677.

GARD. Perhaps from the A. S. Ge-arwian, frican, gyrian, præparare, instruere, ornare, to repare, deck, adorn: (to gar, to gare, qv.) or, therwise, from the A. S. Gyrd-an, to gird, to Irround, (sc.) with a binding. Minshew says,gard, welt or border of a garment, from the r. Garder, conservare, because it preserves the

arment.

A litter born by eight Liburnian slaves,
To buy diseases from a glorious strumpet,
The most censorious of our Roman gentry,
Nay, of the garded robe, the senators,
Esteem an easy purchase.

Massinger. The Roman Actor, Act i. sc. 1.

Those of the forewarde vnder the Duke of Norffolke, were apparelled in blue coats garded with redde.

Stow. Hen. VIII. an. 1544. All the children were waiting in their goodly garded gowns of purple.-North. Plutarch. Cicero, p. 726.

When Edward, Earl of Rutland, the Lord Spencer and others accused the Earl of Arundel of treason, they appeared before the King at Nottingham, in red gowns of silk, garded and bordered with white silk, and embroidered with letters of gold. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. c. 2.

The Lorde God also planted a garden in Eden from the beginnynge, and there he sette man whom he had formed. And the Lord God made to sprig out of the erth, al maner trees bewtyfull to the syght and pleasant to eate, & the tree of lyfe in ye myddes of ye garden, and also the tree of knowledge of good and euill.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 2.

Yf the husband manne be of thys disappointed, nothyng in maner preuayleth the gardiner, nor yet the waterer, but yf heauen bee seasonable, the whole increase ought to be acknowledged to come thence, and from God. Udal. Corinthians, c. 3.

God Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of humane pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man: without which, buildings and palaces are but grosse handy-workes: and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately, sooner than to garden finely as if gardening were the greater perfection.-Bacon. Ess. Of Gardens.

Beneath him with new wonder now he views

To all delight of human sense expos d

In narrow room Nature's whole wealth, yea more
A heav'n on earth; for blisfull Paradise
Of God the garden was, by him in the east
Of Eden planted.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

The Syrians are great gardeners; they take exceeding paines and bec most curious in gardening; whereupon arose the proverb in Greke, to this effect, many woorts and potherbs in Syria.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 5.

For in default of gardeninge what remedie was there then, but to draw the purse strings, and goe for every thing either to the butchery or the hearb-market, and so to live upon the pennie.-Id. Ib. b. xix. c. 4.

garden in Athens, whose citizens before him had theirs in their villas or farms without the city; yet the use of gardens seems to have been the most ancient and the most general of any sorts of possession among mankind, and to have preceded those of corn or of cattle as yielding the easier, the pleasanter, and more natural food,

Though Epicurus be said to have been the first that had a

Sir W. Temple. On Gardening.

But the idea of the garden must be very great, if it answer

at all to that of the gardener, [Solomon, who must have employed a great deal of his care and of his study, as well

as of his leisure and thought, in these entertainments, since he writ of all plants, from the cedar to the shrub.-Id. Ib.

I have had no share at all in publick affairs; but, on the contrary, I am wholly sunk in my gardening, and the quiet of a private life; which, I thank God, agrees with me as well as the splendour of the world, and gives me a great deal more quiet and satisfaction.-Id. Letter to Mr. Wickfort.

Or if the garden with its many cares,

All well repaid, demand him, he attends
The welcome call, conscious how much the hand
Of lubbard labour needs his watchful eye,
Oft loit'ring lazily, if not o'erseen,

Or misapplying his unskilful strength.-Cowper. Task,b.iii.

A gardener who cultivates his own garden with his own hands, unites in his own person the three different characters, of landlord, farmer, and labourer. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 6.

GARE, or GAURE, v. GA'RISH. GA'RISHLY. GA'RISHNESS.

Gardening was probably one of the first arts that succeeded to that of building houses, and naturally attended property and individual possession. Walpole. On Modern Gardening, "Clothed magnificently, splen.. didly, and for state," says Skinner; who adds, "I know not whether from the A. S. Gearwian, to prepare, to ornament." (See GARNISH, GARRISON.) Garish (says Mr. Steevens) is gaudy, showy; also sometimes, wild, flighty. The verb to gaure, (Chaucer,) or gare, (Phaer,) which Speight and Tyrwhitt explain to stare, is no doubt the origin of the adj. garish, ostentatiously, staringly fine or gay; and thus, gaudy, &c. Garish may be explained

Gaudy, showy, ostentatious; ostentatiously, staringly fine or gay; staring.

Doun fro the castel cometh ther many a wight
To gauren on this ship and on Custance.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5331.
Now gaureth all the peple on hire, alas!
Id. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,353.

And said her, now cast it awaie anon
That folke may sene and gauren on vs twey.

Id. Troilus, b. ii. What faces? what a watch ther stands at eury gate in sight? With fifty garing heades a monstrous dragon stands vpright? Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. vi.

My glancing lookes are gone, which wonted where to prie
In euerie gorgious garishe glasse, that glistered in mine eie.
Gascoigne. Flowers. A Gloze upon this Text, &c.

And when I shall die,
Take him and cut him out in little starres,
And he will make a face of heauen so fine
That all the world will be in loue with night,
And pay no worship to the garish sun.

Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act iii. sc. 1.
There in close covert by some brook,
Where no profaner eye may look,
Hide me from day's garish eye.-Milton. Il Penseroso.
They naked went; or clad in ruder hide,
Or home-spun russet, void of forraine pride:
But thou canst maske in garishe gauderie,
To suite a foole's far-fetched liverie.

Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 1. Starting up and garishly staring about, especially on the face of Eliosto.-Hinde. Eliosto Libidinoso, 1606.

Not but that mercies are competent and apt instruments of grace, if we would; but because we are more dispersed in our spirits, and by a prosperous accident are melted into joy and garishness, and drawn off from the sobriety of recollection.-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 12.

This [fasting] is a singular corrective of that pride and garishness of temper, that renders it impatient of the sobrieties of virtue; but open to all the wild suggestions of fancy, and the impressions of vice.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 5.

Not more fair the star that leads
Bright Aurora's glowing steeds,
Or on Hesper's front that shines,
When the garish day declines.-Whitehead, Ode 33.

GARGARIZE, v. GA'RGARIZE, N. GA'RGARISM.

Lat.

Fr. Gargarizer, to gargle; It. Gargarizzare; Sp. Gargarizar ; Gargarizo; Gr. Tapyapisw, from Tapyapewv, gurgulio, the wind-pipe: a name formed from the sound, (Vossius.)

For the application of the word, see the quotation from Burton.

Gargarising if it be not discretly vsed may do more harme than good, brynge downe moche aboundaunce of mater vndigested, but taken in order with water, hony, and pepper, or with issope and fygges boyled in white wine, and taken very hote in a gargarise is right conuenient.

Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. iv. c. 2