Thus to the Eastern wealth through storms we go; Dryden. Annus Mirabilis, s. 305. It is from this honest heart that I find myself honoured as gentleman-usher to the arts and sciences.-Spect. No. 532. Tell a countrey gentlewoman that the wind is South-West, nd the weather louring, and like to rain, and she will easily nderstand, 'tis not safe for her to go abroad thin-clad, in uch a day, after a fever.-Locke. Hum. Und. b. iv. c.17. s.4. But [Mercier] soon returned and took a house in Coventarden, painting portraits and pictures of familiar life in a teel style of his own, and with a little of Watteau. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. c. 3. The debts of honour and the expenses of fashion, must st be paid; but the butcher, the baker, and the brewer, ay come in perhaps for sixpence in the pound, when their stomers are gone abroad to live genteelly at Lisle or ussels.-V. Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 9. When he [Sir Godfrey Kneller] had finished the picture of uis XIV., that Prince asked him what mark of his esteem uld be most agreeable to him? he answered modestly and steely, that if his Majesty would bestow a quarter of an ur on him, that he might make a drawing of his head for nself, he should think it the highest honour he could isibly receive.-Walpole. Anecd. of Paint. vol. iii. c. 4. N. Next to him [Corregio] Parmeggiano has dignified the deelness of modern effeminacy, by uniting it with the iplicity of the antients and the grandeur and severity of chael Angelo.-Sir J. Reynolds, Disc. 4. The World is written in a style different from all the preing. There is a certain gaiety and gentility diffused over which gives it a peculiar grace when considered only as a k of amusement.-V. Knox. Ess. No. 38. Ars. Slipslop laughed aloud, and told her, "Her lady was of the great gentry; and such little paltry gentlewomen, some folks, who travelled in stage-coaches, would not ily come at her."-Fielding. Joseph Andrews, b. ii. c. 5. Who knows what cares await the fatal day, When ruder gusts shall banish gentle May? le 'n Death, perhaps, our vallies will invade. gay; too soon the flowers of Spring will fade. h. gently on thy suppliant's head, Jones. A Turkish Ode. Dread Goddess, lay thy chastening hand! lot in thy Gorgon terrours clad, Nor circled with the vengeful band. Gray. Hymn to Adversity. his appearance placed me on a level with the best famiin the neighbourhood, and accordingly I was visited by who claimed the rank of gentlefolks. V. Knox. Ess. No. 166. f the words gentilis, gentilhomme, gentleman, two etyogies are produced: 1. from the Barbarians of the fitth tury, the soldiers, and at length the conquerors of the nan Empire, who were vain of their foreign nobility; 2. from the sense of the Civilians, who considered genas synonymous with ingenuous. Selden inclines to the but the latter is more pure, as well as probable. Gibbon. Roman Empire, c. 58. hey do not consider the pursuit of game in the liberal t of a gentlemanlike diversion, but view the hare and ridge as provender for the table at once genteel and p.-V. Knox. Ess. No. 119. GENTILE, n. GENTILE, adj. GENTILIZE. GENTILISM. See GENT. Fr. Gentil, gentilizer, gentilism, from the Lat. Gentilis, of or pertaining to a nation; applied, as the Gr. Eovea, heathens, to the nations, not Jews; and thus, to GENTILITY. wyll not trouble the readers with the innumerable monyes of the Gentyles, which were comprehended in nsynges, sens they ought to be noumbred amonge superions.-Sir T. Elyot. The Governovr, b. i. c. 20. Tho soeuer from hereticall malice, or gentilical superion, or judaicall trechery, or els with brotherly discord, 'rom the spotted coullour of leprosie, shal bee clensed by grace of Christ, it is necessary for hym to come to the irch, and there shew the true coullour of hys fayth which hath receaued.-Barnes. Epitome of his Workes, p. 370. But this thy glory shall be soon retrench'd; And it maie be that there was in him [Edwin] as in other ngs his predecessors, a settled perswasion in Gentilish tor, so that neither by admonition nor preaching (though e same had proceeded from the mouth of one allotted to that ministere) he was to be reuoked from the infidelitie and misbeleefe wherein he was nuzzled and trained up. Holinshed. England, b. v. c. 25. Now it is true that the Jewish astrologians, savouring of Gentilisme, make these seven angels the prefects of seven planetes; which they seem to have learned in part from the Greek philosophy.-Mede. Works, Dis. 13. But that an unsavory odour is gentilitious or national unto the Jews, if rightly understood, we cannot well concede; nor will the information of reason or sense induce it. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 10. Nor is it proved, or probable that Sergius changed the name of Boccadi Porco, for this was his sirname or gentilitious appellation.-Id. Ib. b. vii. c. 16. When the people began to espie the falshood of oracles, whereupon all gentilitie was built, their heart were vtterly auerted from it.-Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 2. This is not my conjecture, but drawn from God's known denouncement against the gentilizing Israelites. Milton. Way to establish a Free Commonwealth. We see by these two verses, (Rom. ch. ii. v. 9, 10.) and ch. i. 16. that St. Paul carefully lays it down, that there was now, under the Gospel, no other national distinction between the Jews and the Gentiles, but only a priority in the offers of the Gospel, and in the design of rewards, and punishments, according as the Jews obeyed or not. Locke. Paraphrase on Romans, c. 2. s. 2. The helpless condition of the Gentile world in the state of gentilism, signified here by arbevees, without strength, he terms, Col. ii. 13. dead in sin, a state, if any, of weakness. Id. Ib. c. 5. s. 5. It is easily seen why the representation of Jesus's being made unto us wisdom and righteousness is particularly addressed to the Gentiles; they most wanted those blessings. Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 5. So that what is called natural magic, arose out of the fundamental principles of the Gentile theology; and implied a communion with the natural Gods, and with demons also as their ministers and agents. Farmer. Examination of Le Moine on Miracles, s. 6. St. Paul, who (as will be shown immediately) adopted this maxim, used it in the sense here assigned it; for he elsewhere censures all the demons of gentilism as mere vanities. Indeed, if slight and verbal differences, in copies, be a good argument against the genuineness of a writing, we have no genuine writing of any ancient author at this day; for the same thing has happened to all old books whatsoever, that have been often transcribed. Sharp, vol. ii. Ser. S. They must not deny, that there is to be found in nature another agent able to analyse compound bodies less violently, and both more genuinely and more universally than the fire. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 486. The modern Free-thinker, is a perfect Proteus. He is now a Dissenter, or a Papist; now again a Jew or a Mahometan; and, when closely pressed and hunted through all these shapes, he at length starts up in his genuine form, an Infidel confessed.-Warburton. Div. Leg. Ded. to the Free-thinkers. But this coxcombically mingling Of rhymes, unrhyming, interjingling, For numbers genuinely British Is quite too finical and skittish. Byrom. Remarks on a Pamphlet, &c. All writers have agreed in thinking that St. Austin reasoned well, when, in vindicating the genuineness of the Bible, he asked, "What proofs have we that the works of Plato. Aristotle, Cicero. Varro, and other profane authors, were written by those whose names they bear; unless it be that this has been an opinion generally received at all times, and by all those who have lived since these authors." Watson. Apology for the Bible, Let. 2. GENUS. Lat. Genus, (quod plures partes amplectitur. Cic.) from the ancient Geno, i. e. gign-ere, to beget. Applied to-A whole race or kind. For the logical use or abuse of the word, see the quotation from Crousaz; and GENERIC. Rarity and density (which are the proper differences of quantity) cannot change the common nature of quantity, their genus, which, by being so to them, must be univocally in them both.-Digby. Of Bodies, c. 14. In the defining of words, which is nothing but declaring their signification, we make use of the genus, or next general word that comprehends it. Which is not out of necessity, but only to save the labour of enumerating several simple ideas, which the next general word or genus stands for; or, perhaps, sometimes the shame of not being able to do it Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iil. c. 3. When a general idea is indifferently applied to others which are also general it is called genus, and those to which it is applied, are called species of that genus. The idea of figure is the genus; the ideas of triangle and circle are the species. Crousaz. Art of Thinking, pt. i. c. 5. s. 3. Id. Of the Demoniacs of the New Testament, c. 1. s. 10. It will, I apprehend, be found upon examination, that, according to the historians, the public devotion was principally directed towards gentilitial, tutelary, and local, deities, the guardians of particular nations and people, such as had been the objects of their former care; and to those greater Gods whom we have before proved to be men. Id. On the Worship of Human Spirits, c. 3. s. 1. The Jews would have a king for majesty and splendor, GENUFLEXION. Fr. Genuflexion; Lat. like the Heathens. God permits this, he approves it not. Genu, the knee, and flectere, to bend. It seems to me, that the Lord renounces the very genus of Bending the knee, acts of worship expressed by such kings as are there mentioned. Ludlow. Memoirs. App. K. Charles's Case, by J. Cooke. bending the knee. GE'ODE. Gr. Fewons, earthly, from yn, the earth. Boots and shoes are so long snouted, that one can hardly kneel in God's house, where all genuflection and postures of devotion and decency are quite out of use. Howell, b. iii. Let. 2. They contented not themselves with the ordinary postures of devotion, such as genuflexion, the bowing of the head or the body, but did, (as one of the ancients speaks) prostrate themselves on the pavement, cover it with their bodies, and wash it with tears of devout joy.-Atterbury, vol. iv. Ser. 7. Nothing, except an outer wall and foss remains; in part of which is a vast stratum of ferruginous geodes. Pennant. Journey from Chester to London, p. 402. Fr. Géographie; It. and GEOGRAPHY. GEOGRAPHICAL. GEOGRAPHICALLY. GEOGRAPHER. These were psalms repeated, genuflexions, scourging, (graphia; Gr. Tewypadia, almsgiving, pilgrimages, all of them actions which may be from the earth, and performed without a conversion of mind. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History. Ypapew, scribere, describere, to describe. A description of the earth: of parts of the GENUINE. Lat. Genuinus, q. d. in nobis earth. GENUINELY. genitum, (Minshew,) born in GENUINENESS. us, natural. See AUTHENTIC. Natural, native; and thus, neither spurious nor adulterated. And when all Wales beside by fortune or by might We use Carew. To my Friend G. N. For it can hardly be imagined that he [Apuleius] who was so devout a Pagan, so learned a philosopher, and so witty a man, should be so far imposed upon, by a counterfeit Trismegistick book, and mere Christian cheat, as to bestow translating upon it, and recommend it to the world, as that which was genuinely pagan.—Cudworth. Intel. Sys. p. 328. To shew how day and night, winter and summer, arise from Copernicus his hypothesis, will not only explain these verses, but exceedingly set out the fitness and genuineness of the hypothesis itself. More. Song of the Soul, (1647.) Notes, p. 441. [I have] by the helpe of geographie, and chronologie, (which I may call the sunne and the moone, the right eye, and the left of all history,) referred ech particular relation to the due time and place.-Hackluyt. Voyages, Pref. Wherefore I am of opinion that America by the NorthWest will be found favourable to this our enterprise, and am the rather imboldened to beleeue the same, for that I finde it not only confirmed by Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Phylosophers, but also by all the best moderne geographers.-Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 12. The study of geography is both profitable and delightful; but the writers thereof, though some of them exact enough in setting down longitudes and latitudes, yet in those other relations of manners, religion, government, and such like, accounted geographical, have for the most part missed their proportions.-Milton. A Brief History of Muscovia, Pref. Wherefore regardlesse here of all geographical scrupulosities, we will say that Gihon is Nilus or Siris, the river of the Ethopians, that is, of the Just. H. More. Defence of the Philosophick Cabbala, c. 2. Curtius, in this place, contrary to the stream of all geographers, would needs place these Amazons upon the borders of Hircania, (lib. vi. c. 10.) whereas Justin sayes, they bordered upon the Albania, (lib. xlii. c. 3.) Usher. Annals, an. 3674. I now live in the house with a child, whom his mother has so well instructed this way in geography, that he knew the limits of the four parts of the world, could readily point, being asked, to any country upon the globe, or any county in the map of England; knew all the great rivers, promontories, straits, and bays in the world, and could find the longitude and latitude of any place, before he was six years old.-Locke. On Education, § 178. In that vast region of China, which is enriched with so fertile a soil, and compriseth such variety of geographical parallels, they make not (as Semedo informs us) their wine of grapes, but of barley.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 104. Here [Homer] introduces Minerva to let Ulysses into the knowledge of his country. How does she do this? She geographically describes it to him. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv. Note by Broome. I do not say to be a good geographer a man should visit every mountain, river, promontory and creek upon the face of the earth, view the buildings and survey the land every where, as if he were going to make a purchase. Locke. Of the Conduct of the Understanding, § 2. It is worthy of observation, that the islands in the Pacific Ocean, which our late voyagers have added to the geography of the globe, have been generally found lying in groupes and clusters, the single intermediate islands as yet undiscovered.-Cook. Third Voyage, b. iii. c. 12. Mowee lies at the distance of eight leagues North NorthWest from the former [Owhyee,] and is one hundred and forty geographical miles in circumference.-Id. Ib. b. v. c.6. Manichæus, or Manes, who was a Chaldean or Babylonian, was born about A. D. 240, and was a learned and ingenious man, and a good astronomer and geographer. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History. GE'OMANCY. GE'OMANCER. GEOMANTICK. Fr. Géomantie; Sp. Geomancia; It. and Lat. Geomantia, from yn, the earth, and μαντεια, from μαντιs, and this from μαιν-εσθαι, furere, to rave. Cotgrave calls itDivination by points and circles made on the earth. What say we of hem that beleven on divinales, as by flight or by noise of briddes or bestes, or by sorte of geomancie, &c. Chaucer. The Persones Tale. The crafte, whiche that Saturnus fonde That geomancie cleped is, Full ofte he vseth it amis.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi. He taught them there openlye bothe in Latine and Greke, beside the art Magyek, Sortilege, Phisnomy, Palmestry, Alcumy, Necromancy, Chyromancy, Geomancy, and Witchery, that was taughte there also.-Bale. Votaries, pt. i. Fortune-tellers, juglers, geomancers, and the like incantatory imposters, though commonly men of inferior rank, and from whom without illumination they can expect no more than from themselves, do daily and professedly delude them.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 3. Why do Geomancers imitate the quintuple figure in their mother characters of aquisition and amission, &c. somewhat answering the figures in the lady or speckled beetle ? Id. Cyrus' Garden, c. 5. Two geomantic figures were display'd The cargazon being taken out, and the goods freighted in tenne of our ships for London, to the end that the bigness, heighth, length, breadth, and other dimensions of so huge a vessell might, by the exact rules of geometricall obseruations be truly taken, both for present knowledge, and deriuation also of the same vnto posterity, one M. Robert Adams, a man in his faculty of excellent skill, omitted nothing in the description, which either his arte could demonstrate, or any man's iudgment thinke worthy the memory. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 198. But geometry especially, which Philo calleth the mother city, and mistresse commanding the rest; doth divert and gently withdraw by little and little, the mind purified and clensed from the cogitation of sensual things. Holland. Plutarch, p. 629. In the use of things is seen that relation, which answers in some sort, into geometrick proportion. Grew. Cosmo Sacra, b. i. c. 5. : For Lycurgus, as you know very well, chased out of Lacedæmon arithmetical proportion as a popular thing, turbulent and apt to make commotions; but he brought in the geometrical, as befitting the civil and modest government of some few wise sages, and a lawful royalty and regal dominion for the former giveth equally unto all according to number; but the other unto every one by reason, and with regard of desert and worthinesse; this (geometrical) proportion (I say) maketh no confusion of all together, but in it there is an apparent discretion and distinction between the good and the bad, dealing always unto every one their own, not by the balance or lot, but according to the difference of vice and virtue.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 629. The equality which the common sort seeketh after, and is indeed the greatest injustice that may be, God taketh out of the world, as much as possibly may be, observeth that which is fit and meet for euery one according to desert and worthinesse, going herein geometrically to work, by reason and law defining and distributing accordingly.-Id. Ib. Besides which I will further by line geometricallie measure foorth all the land of Scotland, to be diuided into those that deserue the same, according to the merits of the men. Holinshed. Historie of Scotland, an. 1313. It is certain, that our humane souls themselves are not always conscious of whatever they have in them; for even the sleeping geometrician hath at that time all the geometrical theorems and knowledges some way in him; as also the sleeping musician all his musical skill and songs: and therefore why may it not be possible for the soul to haue likewise some actual energie in it, which it is not expressly conscious of?-Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 160. To see that nothing therein came by chance, but that all things were disposed, according to their nature and use, in number and measure, by the magnificent architect; who in the one did every where geometrize as well as in the other. Grew. Cosmo Sacra, b. iv. c. 8. And some resemblance there is of this order in the egges of some butterflies and moths, as they stick upon leaves and other substances; which being dropped from behinde, nor directed by the eye, doth neatly declare how nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Brown. Cyrus' Garden, c. 3. When he has once got such an acquaintance with the globes, as is above mentioned, he may be fit to be tried a little in geometry; wherein I think the first six books of Euclid enough for him to be taught. For I am in some doubt, whether more to a man of business be necessary or useful.-Locke. On Education, s. 181. The commonwealth of learning would loose too many useful observations and experiments, and the history of nature would make too slow a progress, if it were presumed, that none but geometers and mechanicians should employ themselves about writing any part of that history. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 473. By the time he was six, he could manage a compass, ruler, and pencil, very prettily, and perform many little geometrical tricks, and advanced to writing and arithmetick. Locke. From Mr. Molineux, Aug. 1695. In the year 1657, those very ingenious and great men, Mr. William Neile, and my Lord Brounker, and Sir Christo To show how compatible are mathematics with the absen of sentiment and imagination, we may recollect, that a mous geometrician after reading one of the finest tragedi ever written, asked, "But what does it prove! What do it demonstrate ?"-V. Knox. Remarks on Grammar Schoo GEOPONIC. Gr. FewTovinos, from Ter GEOPO'NICAL. Svew, terram colere, to till t earth; from yn, the earth, and move, to labo to work. Pertaining to the tillage or cultivation of th earth by labour; agriculture. To add yet further, those geoponical rules and precepts agriculture which are delivered by divers authors, are i to be generally received; but respectively understood u climes whereto they are determined. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi.e [It] freely receives the wholesome blasts of the No wind (much accounted of among builders and geopsi immission of pure air,) coming in from that part which open to the sea.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 10. GEORGE. The insignia of St. George. Rich. Harp not on that string, madam, that is past. Now by my George, my Garter, and my CrowneQu. Prophan'd, dishonour'd, and the third usurpt. Rich. I swear.-Shakespeare. Rich. III. Activ. sc. GEORGE. The local or temporary rea for the application of this word to bread of a p ticular kind is mere matter of conjecture. Art thou of Bethlem's noble college free? On a brown george, with lowsie swobbers fed, Dryden. Persius, Sat. 5. v. GEORGICK, n. Į Fr. Géorgiques; It. G GEORGICK, adj. giche; Sp. Georgicas; I Georgica ; Gr. Γεωργικος, from γεωργής, ( earth, and epyov, work,) a labourer, a tiller of earth. Applied to— Books concerning the tillage or cultivation of earth or ground. Here, if we mix with company, 'tis such A georgie, therefore, is some part of the science of bandry put into a pleasing dress, and set off with a beauties and embellishments of poetry. Addison. On Virgil's Geor Here I peruse the Mantuan's Georgic strains, And learn the labours of Italian swains: In every page I see new landscapes rise, And all Hesperia opens to my eyes. Gay. Rural Sports, The very ingenious translator [Dr. Martin] e Te eclogues and georgics, gives the name of this bird to acalanthis or acanthis: pher Wren, afterwards, in the same year, geometrically de- Gerfalcone; Sp. Girafalte; Dut. Gier-walk. C monstrated the equality of some curves to a strait line. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 1. Note 13. But as I do not pretend to have taken that pains, which else I might have done, to become a speculative geometrician; so I consider, that without understanding as much of the abstruser part of geometry as Archimedes, or Appollonius, one may understand enough to be assisted by it in the contemplation of nature; and that one needs not know the profoundest mysteries of it, to be able to discern its usefulness. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 425. Wherefore, as to the exquisite uniformity of shape, which is so admired in gems, and is thought to demonstrate their being formed by a seminal and geometrizing principle, &c. Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 533. If this kind of demonstration is not permitted, the process of reasoning called deductio ad absurdum, which even the severity of geometry does not reject, could not be employed at all in legislative discussions. Burke. Letter to a Member of the National Assembly. Surveying a place, according to my idea, is taking a geometrical plan of it, in which every place is to have its true situation, which cannot be done in a work of this nature. Cook. Second Voyage, b. iii. c. 7. And yet the best philosophy, proceeding on geometrical principles, hath informed us, that possibly all the solid matter in the universe, may be comprised within a narrowness of limit still more astonishing than even that immensity through which we find it dilated and expanded. Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 2. Littoraque alcyonen resonant, acanthida dami. Pennant. British Zoology. The Gouf GERFAULCON. Fr. Gerfaut, grefast; Ger-falck; Mid. Lat. Gyro-falcus. Perha says Skinner, "a gyrando quia gyros in aere d because it forms circles in the air. He, ho prefers the etymology of Minshew, from gam vulture, and valck, a falcon; because it is a spe of falcon, and resembles the vulture in vera Holland renders the Lat. (See FALCONRY.) tur, Geire. GE/RFUL. Mr. Tyrwhitt says, changeGE'RY. Sable. Probably from Girer, to turn round. Skinner, from the A. S. Cerran, geIn Skelton it seems cerran, vertere, to turn. to be giddy, (sc.) with turning round. See GER FALCON. Right as the Friday sothly for to tell, The hertes of hire folk, right as hire day Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1540. GERM. GE'RMEN. A second admirable provision is made to raise them [seeds] above the surface when they are perfected, and to Sow them at a proper distance: viz. the germ grows up in the spring, upon a fruit stalk, accompanied with leaves. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 20. Yes, manhood's warm meridian sun To burst and blossom to the day.-Cotton, Vis. 8. Life. They are conscious that they cannot give a full account of any one phenomenon in nature, from the rotation of the great orbs of the universe to the germination of a blade of grass, without having recourse to him as the primary incomprehensible cause of it. Watson. Apology for Christianity, Let. 1. Can it be doubted but that the seed contains a particular organization? Whether a latent plantule with the means of temporary nutrition, or whatever else it be, it encloses an organization suited to the germination of a new plant. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 4. Fr. Germe, germer; It. Germinare; Sp. Germinar; Lat. GERMINATE, V. Germinare, from germen, quod GERMINATION. e semine genitur, hoc est, pulGE'RMINANT. lulat atque assurgit. And also, ud in semine, cui vis inest genitalis; unde quid GERMAN. Fr. Germaine; Lat. Germanus, de allulare incipit; wherefore Vossius thinks, that eodem germine, vel eâdem genitrice manantes. rmen is not a gerendo, quasi gerimen, but a ge- Festus and (after him) Vossius decide for the ndo, quasi genimen; by a common change of n former; Varro and Isidorus, for the latter. Vostor. To germinate is, as the Fr. Germer,- sius contends that those descended from the same "To sprout, bud, burgeon, spring, put forth, father, not those from the same mother (genitrix) ute out young sprigs, buds, tenderels," &c. (Cot-were called germani. German, as the Fr. Gerave.) maine, is applied to The skin [of a bean] broken, can it chuse (by reason of the at that is in it) but push out more matter, and do that tion which we may call germinating? can these germs use but pierce the earth in small strings, as they are able make their way.-Digby. Of Bodies, c. 24. And thou all shaking Thunder, Strike flat the thicke rotundity o' th' world, Cracke Nature's moulds, ail germaines spill at once That makes ingratefuli man. Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 2. This terrestrial efformation of Adam was after the planting Paradise, according to the wiser sort of them that underind the text only literally, who acknowledge that Paradise is made on the third day, when God caused the trees to rminate out of the earth. H. More. Defence of the Philosophic Cabbala, App. There's but little similitude betwixt a terreous humidity d plantal germinations; nor do vegetable derivations dinarily resemble their simple seminalities. Digby. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 21. Divine prophecies being of the nature of their author, with hom a thousand years are but as one day, are not fulfilled inctually at once, but have springing and germinant complishment throughout many ages; though the height fulness of them may refer to some one age. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. ii. Till gentle heat, and soft repeated rains, Dryden. The Flower and the Leaf. The cicatricula of an egg, or the germen in the seed of a ant, being, in reality, a model of the animal, or plant, to be oduced from it; the wonderful minuteness of a machine, once so very little, and so curious, does abundantly commend the matchless skill of the divine mechanist. Boyle. Works, vol. vi. p. 794. And for the security of such species as are produc'd only seed, it hath endued all seed with a lasting vitality, that if by reason of excessive cold, or drought, or any other cident, it happen not to germinate the first year, it will ntinue its fœcundity, I do not say two or three, nor six or ven, but even twenty or thirty years. Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. Plants are sometimes lost for a while in places where they rmerly abounded; and again, after some years. appear new: lost either because the springs were not proper for eir germination, or because the land was fallowed, or cause plenty of weeds or other herbs prevented their ming up, and the like; and appearing again when these apediments are removed.-Id. Ib. I had sometimes the curiosity to consider beans and peas ulled up out of the ground by the stalks, in order to an quiry into their germination; and after having taken otice of their tumidness upon their having imbibed the moisure of the soil, and of their way through the ambient earth, ot only upwards with their stems, but downwards with their ender roots; I thought fit to try with what strength and orce the causes of their intumescence endeavoured to dilate hem.-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. 310. p. He marks the bounds, which Winter may not pass, Russet and rude, folds up the tender germ, Uninjur'd, with inimitable art; And ere one flowery season fades and dies, "Those who are come of the same stock, (or germ,) bred of the same kind; near of kin; of all one race," (Cotgrave.) For certis ye ne han no child but a doughter, ne ye ne han no bretheren, ne cosines germains, ne non other high kinrede.-Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus. But as he walked nere the water whiche was in the border of bothe Galilees, he espied two brothers germain, the name of the one was Symon, & he was called also Peter, the other was named Andrew, whose father's name was John. Udal. Matthew, c. 4. Captayne therin was Syr Olyuer of Clyson, cosyn germayne to ye Lorde Clysson. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 67. Osr. The carriages, sir, are the hangers. if we could carry cannon by our sides. Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 2. GERUND. A generali notione (gerendi) GERUNDINE. Grammatici gerundia dixerunt, quod rei gesta gerendæve habeant significationem. See Vossius and Sanctius, lib. iii. c. 8, and Scalide Causis, c. 143. ger, You and your Latine ends shall go shift solus cum solá together else, and then if ever they get ends of gold and without do will end in di and dum instantly. siluer enough to serve that gerundine maw of yours, that Beaum. & Fletch. Wit at Seueral Weapons, Act i. sc. 1. The most common of these is joined in all its inflexions to a multitude of Arabick gerunds or verbal nouns, as well as Persian adjectives and participles. Sir W. Jones. Grammar of the Persian Language. The world is governed by names; and with the word pedagogue has been ludicrously associated the idea of a pedant a mere plodder, a petty tyrant, a gerund-grinder, and a bum-brusher.-Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 59. GEST. GE'STOUR. GE'STICK. } Lat. Gesta, from gerere, things done, deeds, exploits: the proper business of a gestour was to recite tales or gestes, (Tyrwhitt.) Henry of Huntyngton he wrote the gestes olde, Chaucer. The Merchantes Tale, v. 10,158. Do come, he sayd, my mynestrales Of romances that ben reales Id. The Rime of Sire Thopas, v. 13,775. This manner of gest made many doubt whether Marius showed this woman [Martha] openly, beleeving indeed that she had the gift of prophecy: or else that knowing the contrary, he made as though he did beleeve it, to help her fainting.-North. Plutarch, p. 356. They were two knights of peerlesse puissaunce, Thou high director of the same, Assist mine artlesse pen, To write the gests of Britons stout, Warner. Albion's England, b. i. c. 1. And surely no ceremonies of dedication, no not of Solomon's temple itself, are comparable to those sacred gests whereby this place was sanctified. Mede. Works, b. ii. On Churches. Dames of ancient days Have led their children thro' the mirthful maze; And the gay grandsire skill'd in gestic lore, Has frisk'd beneath the burden of threescore. Goldsmith. The Traveller. GEST. "Fr. Giste; a bed, couch, lodging, place to lye on, or rest in," (Cotgrave;) from the verb gésir, to lie, and this from the Lat. Jacere, (Menage.) Written by Hammond, gesse, and by Webster, geese. "A lodging or Mr. Nares quotes from Kersey; You take my lord, I'le giue him my commission, With thy heart's blood. Webster. Vittoria Corombona, Act v. When God hath design'd the cross, the constant post and stage in our gesses to heaven, we must needs set up another œconomy, fansie it a kingdom. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 485. GESTATION. Į Fr. Gestation; Lat. GesGESTA'TORY. Statio, from gestare, to carry, from gerere, gestum. A bearing or carrying. Of gestation, that is to say, where one is caryed, and is of another thynge meued, and not of hymselfe. There is also another kynde of exercise which is called gestation, and is mixt w yng and rest. Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. ii. c. 34. But nothing is there more holesome than walking and gestation; which is an exercise performed many waies. Holland. Plinie, b. xxviii. c. 4. The crowns and garlands of the ancients were either gestatory, such as they wore about their heads and necks, &c. Sir T. Brown. Miscell. p. 90. The wisdom and design of this texture doth in no instance more clearly appear, than in the necessity of it for the womb in the time of gestation.-Ray. On the Creation, pt.ii. All birds are oviparous. This likewise carries on the work of gestation with as little increase as possible to the weight of the body. A gravid uterus would have been a troublesome burthen to a bird in its flight.-Paley. Nat. Theol. c.12. GESTICULATE. GEST. Lat. Gesticulari; gestare, gestum, past part. of gerere, to bear or carry. Gesture, Gest is used by Spenser as the Fr. Geste, i. e. Bearing, carriage; bearing or carriage of the body; position or posture of the limbs; general action or motion of the body. Gesticulate, to employ, show or exhibit gestures, postures, actions or motions of the limbs. Portly his person was, and much increast Through his heroicke grace, and honorable gest. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 3. Good troth, if I knew any man so vile To act the crimes, these whippers reprehend, Or what their servile apes gesticulate, I should not then much muse, their shreds were liked, Since ill men have a lust t'heare others sinne, And good men have a zeale to heare sinne sham'd. B. Jonson. Poetaster. To the Reader. At which, [a strange and suddain musique] they fell into a magical dance, full of præposterous change and gesticulations.-Id. The Masque of Queenes. When suddenly they leape forth below; a mistress leading them, and with antick gesticulation and action, after the manner of the old pantomimi. B. Jonson. Love's Triumph through Callipolis. Tullie saieth well: The gesture of man is the speech of his bodie, and therefore reason it is, that like as the speeche must agree to the mater, so must also the gesture agree to the minde.-Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, p. 225. It [our Common Prayer] hath in their eye too great affi nite with the form of the Church of Rome; it differeth too much from that which churches elsewhere reformed allow and obserue; our attyre disgraceth it; it is not orderly read nor gestured as beseemeth.-Hooker. Eccles.Politie, b.v. § 27. [His young nephew, Lord Viscount Fielding] undertaking so to gesture and muffle up himself in his hood, as the duke's manner was to ride in cold weather, that none should discern him from him; and so he should be at the more liberty for his own defence.-Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 229. For the plaiers, who were sent for out of Hetruria, as they daunced the measures to the minstrel and sound of flute, gestured not undecently withall, after the Tuscane fashion. Holland. Livivs, p. 250. And now my wand'ring thoughts are not confin'd Unto one woman, but to woman-kind: This for her shape I love; that for her face; This for her gesture or some other grace. Carew. The Spark. Morpheus of all his numerous train express'd The shape of man, and imitated best; The walk, the words, the gesture could supply, The habit mimic, and the mien bely. Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. xi. Story-telling is therefore not an art, but what we call a knack; it doth not so much subsist upon wit as upon humour; and I will add, that it is not perfect without proper gesticulations of the body, which naturally attend such merry emotions of the mind.-Guardian, No. 42. Indeed, that standing is not so simple a business as we imagine it to be, is evident from the gesticulations of a drunken man, who has lost the government of the centre of gravity.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 11. Where the mind is strongly agitated, and under no restraint from a sense of decorum, or solicitude for character. loud laughter, jumping, dancing, and the most wild and extravagant gestures, indicate the frolick someness of the heart. Cogan. On the Passions, pt. i. c. 2. GET, v. GE'TTER. GETTING, n. A. S. Gettan, begettan. See BEGET. To gain, to acquire, to reach, to attain, to obtain, to procure, to procreate, to produce, to generate. To get has various consequential usages. To, or to cause to, obtain or attain; and thusto possess, to be or put in possession. To get over, gain, (sc.) the mastery or victory, to overcome. To get his part, (in Churchill,) to gain or acquire a knowledge of it; and thus to learn. It is applied to any motion, by which the gaining or reaching another specific place or position is effected; as to get to land, i. e. to gain it, reach Get thee away; get thee gone; get up. To reach, attain, arrive at, (sc.) some other place or position. it. Mr. Tyrwhitt says," Fr. Gette, fashion, behaviour. With that false get; with that cheating contrivance." Him thought he rode all of the newe get. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 684. And with his stikke, above the crosselet, The chefe poynte of wysdome is, that thou be wyllynge to opteyne wisdome, and before all thy goodes to get vnderstanding.-Bible, 1551. Proverbs, c. 4. In whose tyme and by whose occasion, what aboute the gettynge of the garlande, kepyng it, lesyng and wynnynge againe, it hath coste more English blud than hath the twise wynnynge of Fraunce.-Hall. Edw. V. "Me list not," said the Elfin knight, "receave Id. Ib. b. v. c. 5. Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargie, mull'd, deafe, sleepey insensible, a getter of more bastard children, then warres a destroyer of men.-Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iv. sc. 5. The soothsayer whom he employ'd, had received a great reward of Cyrus, for conjecturing aright, that Artaxerxes would not give battle in ten days: hee therefore having preserved his money carefully was desirous to be soon at home, that he might freely enjoy his gettings. Ralegh. History of the World, b. iii. c. 10. s. 13. But the gunpowder plot, there was a get-penny. B. Jonson. Bartholomew Fayre, Act v. sc. 1. Here wisdom calls: "Seek Virtue first, be bold! As gold to silver, virtue is to gold." There, London's voice, "Get money, money still! And then let Virtue follow if she will." Pope. Imitations of Horace, b. i. Ep. 1. Being ill used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and tho' his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself and never dressed afterwards.-Spectator, No. 2. Do but seriously set yourselves to be good, do but get your hearts deeply affected with religion as well as your heads, and then there is no fear but you will all be sons of peace. Sharpe, vol. i. Ser. 1. Your wants are never-ending; and those supplies Beaum. & Fletch. Four Playes in Ose. Such painted puppets, such a varnish'd race Pope. Satires of Donne, Sat 4. But, if you're fond of baubles, be, and starve, Rochester, The Advice. A. S. Gast; Ger. Geist ; Dut. Gheest. Beaum. & Fletch. The Queen of Corinth, Act ii. sc. 1. GHOST, v. GHOST, N. GHO'STLIKE. GHO'STLY. GHOST-COMPELLINGS. Skinner thinks that this word, as the Gr. Пevu and Lat. Spiritus, meant breath, air; and that by the Germans and A. S., upon their conversion to Christianity, it was applied ad animas et angelos. An angel or spir tual messenger is in A. S. emphatically described as Godes ærende-gast; God's errand-ghost. Somner says, Gast, spiritus, pneuma, a spirit, a ghost, item. anima, the soule, the spirit or ghost of a man; and he suggests the A. S. Gest, hospes, a Rowe. Golden Verses of Pythagoras. guest; the soul being the body's guest. be remarked that gasted in Lear, (see GAST,) Gasted by the noise I made Full suddenly he fled; Revolve the getter's joy, and loser's pain. And think if it be worth thy while to gain. Behold Sir Balaam, now a man of spirit, Pope. Moral Essays, Ep. 3. For it is exceedingly little, were all things well considered, that we can almost ever get by wickedness: but what we may suffer by it, is infinite.-Secker, vol. i. Ser. 2. tuted, thus thirsting after light, men can sometimes bring How then comes it to pass that with a mind thus constithemselves to do such violence to their nature, as to choose darkness, in that very point where it is of the utmost im portance to have all the light they can possibly get. Lo Yates!-Without the least finesse of art Churchill. The Rosciad. Gewgawes, nugæ speciosa, infantum delicia, (Skinner.) toves, trifles, gugawes or Gegaf," says Tooke, "is verb ge-gif-an; and means any such trifling thing as is given away, or presented to any one. Gew-gawes is sometimes written Gi-gawes, and Gewgaudes." See GAUDE. And of Holy Scriptures Sawes Id. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,745 the participle of the Ocleue. Quoted by Tyrwhitt. Armour thei had plente, and god besquite [good biscuit] to mete, It sanke son in the se, half myght thei not gete. R. Brunne, p. 171. Which bi feith ouercamen rewmes, wroughten rightwisenesse, gaten repromysiouns.-Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 11. He counteth them for gigawes.-Skelton, p. 171. (ed.1736.) Golden Boke. Let. from the Emperor to Claudius & his Wife. Ne children shuld I non upon hire geten. Id. The Merchantes Tale, v. 9311. It is no wonder though they be fat With false othes her loues they gat.-Id. Rom. of the R. Beaum. & Fletch. The Woman's Prize, Act i. sc. 4. It may and ghosted in Antony & Cleopatra, (notwithstanding the particular allusion,) and also ghosts in Burton, appear to have a very similar signification: that ghastly and ghostly are not in writers very is nearly equivalent to the Lat. Spectrum, visen, clearly distinguishable; that gazed, (see ACHAST, visio; and that, therefore, ghost, may have origin ally meant Any thing seen, a vision, or spectre, a spirit er spiritual spectre generally, spirit, a soul. He was in poynt to gelde the gaste, & sone to die. R. Brunne, p. 185 He lyued bot thre daies, & gald to God the gaste. Id. p. 52. For Godes blesside body. hit bar for oure bote And hit a fereth the feonde for such is the mygte May no grysliche gost. glyde ther hit shadeweth. Piers Ploukman, p. 365. Forsothe Jhesus eftsoone criede with a greet voys and gaf up the goost, [in A. S. asende (sent forth) hys gast.] Wielif. Matthew, e. 27. And the bodies of hem schulen ligge in the streetis of the gret citee that is clepid goostli Sodom.-Id. Apocalips Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2770. O mother maide, O maide and mother fre. Id. Troilus, b. i. p. 190. 萨 An earth-born monster; applied to one, exceeding man in size, or in evil qualities. An yle god & riche y nowe. the se goth al aboute, Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,114. Ywaine & Gawin. Ritson, vol. i. This Achilous was a geaunt, That was said of the haly gaste. Answer was made to them, that the mischief should cease, if they had once appeased Minerva, for working so wickedly against her godhed, and the ghostes of them that they had slain.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 93. Now maketh he a triall how much his disciples haue profited ghostly, prouing whether suche things be done in them spiritually, as in other haue been wrought corporally, & by dark figures.-Udal. Mark, c. 8. Ye shall not teache carnall thinges as the Pharisees haue dooen hitherto, but ghostly things: and great trouble shall ye haue for preaching of my ghospel. Id. The Actes of the Apostles, c. 1. Wherefore my father should reuengers want, Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act ii. sc. 6. Aske not with him in the poet, Larva hunc intemperiæ asaniæque agitant senem? What madness ghosts this old anan, but what madness ghosts us all. Burton. Anat. of Melan. Democritus to the Reader. The trembling ghosts with sad, amazed mood, Chattering their iron teeth, and staring wide With stonie eies; and all the hellish brood Of feends infernall flockt on every side, To gaze on earthly wight, that with the night durst ride. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. The aged and impotent creatures, women in childbed and Toong children that could not shift for themselues, were ramercifully slaine and thrust vpon speares, and shaken vp n the aire, where they yeelded vp their innocent ghosts in nost pitiful wise.-Holinshed. Edward I. an. 1296. Thy thinne cheeke, hollow eye, And ghostlike colour speake the mystery Nabbes. Hannibal & Scipio. Their Ghost to the Authour. What I shall leave thee none can tell, But all shall say I wish thee well; Corbet. To his Son Vincent Corbet. The ghosts rejected, are th' unhappy crew Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, b. vi. For sundry years before he [Henry's] did complain, For when the ghost-compelling God Francis. Horace, b. i. Ode 25. A subtill man, a deceiuant, Which through magike and sorcerie Couthe all the worlde of treacherie.-Gower. Con. A. b.iv. An hideous geaunt, horrible and hye, That with his tallnesse seemed to thret the skye; Ne durst behold; his stature did exceed Or Trent, who like some earth-born giant spreads Milton. Miscellanies. To the Rivers. The history of the Netherlands reports, that the woman gyantesse before mentioned was so strong, that shee would lift vp in either hand a barrell full of Hamborough beere, and would easily carry more than eight men could. Hakewill. Apologie, p. 215. Also the prophet Amos found among the Ammonites men of giant-like stature, whom he compareth to the cedar, and whose strength to the oaks. Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 6. s. 8. Ten of the twelve so sent to spie out the land, by speaking ill of the country, and the barrennesse thereof, and withall, magnifying the cities for their strength, and the giantly stature of the men therein; disheartened the people from marching any further towards it.-Usher. Annais, an. 2515. Chor. His giantship is gone somewhat crest-fall'n, Milton. Samson Agonistes. The fertile earth receives: So near approach we their celestial kind, GIB, v. GIB, n. GIBBING. GIB-CAT. GIB-SHIP. The commentators on Shakespeare (1 Pt. Hen. IV. Act i. sc.2.) have written very largely upon this word as applied to a cat, and have produced numerous instances of its usage, but have thrown no light upon the origin of the term. Mr. Nares says, "A Gib-cat is an Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. iii. s. 2. expression exactly analogous to that of a Jack-ass, We are told. that Pythagoras's popular account of earthquakes was, that they were occasioned by a synod of ghosts assembled underground. Nothing, 'tis said, each lov'd so well, Leave but her ghostly father out, Nay in some hearts not void of grace, The parrot of the priest took place.-Cooper. Ver-Vert. GIAMBEUX. Boots or armour for the legs, (Fr. Jambeux.) Jambeux is used by Chaucer in Sir Topas. The mortall steel dispiteously entayld Deepe in their flesh, quite through the iron walles, That a large purple streame adown their giambeux falles. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. the one being formerly called Gibb or Gilbert, as commonly as the other Jack. Tom-cat is now the usual term. Tibert is said to be old French for Gilbert, and appears as the name of the Cat in the old story-book of Reynard the Fox. Chaucer, in the Romant of the Rose, gives Gibbe our cat,' as the translation of Thibert le cas.' To gib is to play the cat; act like one. "The cut of his gib," is a vulgar expression which may have taken its rise from the proverbially melancholy visage of a cat; and applied to any singularity of countenance. A horse is said to gib, when he refuses to press against his collar; but this may be properly to gibe, (qv.) from the A. S. Gabban, to delude or elude, and thus, evade; to shrink from. Gibbe our cat That awaiteth mice and rattes to killen. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. She is a tonnishe yb The deull and she be sib.-Skelton Elinour Rumming. Nothing it auailed Whom gib our cat hath slayne. Skelton. The Boke of Philip Sparow Nature she [woman] foloweth, and playeth the gib, As doth the cur for naught at al.-School-house for Women. What catterwauling's here? what gibbing? Id. The Wild-Goose Chase, Act i. sc. 2. I am as melancholy as a gyb-cat, or a lugg'd beare. Shakespeare. 1 Pl. Hen. IV. Act i. sc. 2. But afore I will endure such another halfe-day with him, I'll be drawne with a good gib-cat, through the great pond at home, as his vncle Hodge was. B. Jonson. Bartholomew Fayre, Act i. sc 4. Bring out the cat-hounds, I'le bring down your gib-ship. Beaum. & Fletch. The Scornful Lady, Act v. sc. 1. As melancholy as a gib'd cat.-Ray. Proverbial Similes. 1 conclude all as I began; you understand not the state of limbus patrum, nor the depth of the question, but scumme upon the surface, and gibberish you cannot tell for what. Mountagu. An Appeale to Cæsar, c. 18. If we could set it downe in the ancient Saxon, it would seeme most strange and harsh Dutch or gebrish, as women call it.-Camden. Remaines. The Languages. For 20,000 were driuen into a moore close by, and there put all to the sword, they [the soldiers of Mithridates] all the while crying quarter in their barbarous gibbridge, not understood by them that slew them. Usher. Annals, an. 3919. Some contesting for privileges, customs, forms, and that old entanglement of iniquity, their gibberish laws, though the badge of their ancient slavery. Millon. The Tenure of Kings & Magistrates. This gibberish, which, in the weakness of human understanding, serves so well to palliate men's ignorance, and cover their errors, comes by familiar use among those of the same tribe, to seem the most important part of language, and of all other the terms the most significant. Locke. Of Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 10. better or worse than gibberish; and he who put it in did As it is introduced in the constitutions, it is neither not understand it.-Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical Hist. GIBBET, v. I Fr. Gibet; which Skinner and GIBBET, n. Menage think may be from the Lat. Gabalus, denoting a cross; and which Vossius has no doubt is borrowed from the Hebrew. Matthew Paris calls it (gibbet) horribile patibulum. Applied to A cross, on which persons are hanged or their bodies affixed. To gibbet,-to fix to, to raise or elevate upon, a gibbet or cross. In Gibet hii were an honge.-R. Gloucester, p. 519. And so after by the lawe Chaucer. House of Fame, b.i. He was into the gibet drawe, As to a traitour it belongeth.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii. |