To swallow; to swallow in abundance, to fill by wallowing, to fill, to cram full; to satiate, to sairate, to cloy. The Enyglysse al the nygt byuore vaste bygon to synge, Alas! the shorte throte, the tendre mouth, To gete a gloten deintee mete and drinke. Chaucer. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,429. O Glotonie, full of cursednesse; O cause first of our confusion, Till Christ had bought us with his blood again. But yet all were he wounder bad, Amonge the Grekes a name he had, Thei cleped hym the god of wine And thus a glotton was diuine. After the disposicion Of glotony, and dronkship, That was a sorie felauship. Id. Ib. v. 12,438. Gower. Con. A. b. v. Id. Ib. b. vi. For whiles he ventures for a double pay Some to embrowder put them in prease Whose glutten chekes sloth feeds so fat, as scant their yes be sene.-Surrey, Ps. 73. Let him drinke a littel iulep made with clean water and gar, or a litell small biere or ale, so that he drinke not a at glul but in a lytel quantite. Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. ii. c. 27. And glutting of meals which weakeneth the body. Sir J. Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedition. Having now framed their gluttonish stomachs to have for the wild benefits of nature.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. iv. Then sayde the monckes. This request of oures is chefely refresh the pore therby. No, (said the king) it is rather pamper your glottonous mawes, whiche neuer are satised-Bale. English Votaries, pt. ii. The Lordes souper semeth not to bee the great matter, that in hand, suche as he made with his disciples, but rather One troublous clamorous feast, without equalitie, because he ma riotously and gloutonously, not lokyng for other, ganeth afore to cate his owne souper.-Udal. 1 Cor. c. 11. Let the maide also learne cookery, not that slubbring and excesse in meats to serue a great many, full of delicious pleasures and gluttony, which cookes meddle with: but sober and measurable. Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. i. c. 3. Gonz. He'l be hang'd yet, Shakespeare. Tempest, Act i. sc. 1. The joy of the world resembles a torrent: as upon a glut of rain, you shall have a torrent come rolling along with noise and violence, overflowing its banks, and bearing all before it, yet is but muddy and impure water, and 'tis soon gon and dried up.-Hopkins. Works, p. 16. Then the fat flesh-pots they so much desire, When they came hungry home from carrying mire, Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles, b. iii. On roots and pulse that feed, on beefe and mutton spare So frugally they live, not gluttons as we are. Id. Poly-Olbion, s. 20. For what reason can you allege why you should gluttonize and devour as much as would honestly suffice so many of your brethren that take pains in the word, like the great eater of Kent, when you are either so unable, or so dull and lazy, that you do not one man's labour. Marvell. Works, vol. ii. p. 335. The sottish dott'rel, ignorant and dull; And by his side rode lothsome Gluttony, Thou too shalt see her bleed, "Is this," returns the prince, "for mirth a time? Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. ii. The pelican soon found the conveniency of reserving in its mouth, when its appetite was glutted, the remainder of its prey, which is fish.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 23. The epicure, who places his supreme felicity in the pleasures of the table; and the glutton, whose chief enjoyment of life consists in the indulgence of his appetite, and who wastes by his excesses, the gifts of providence which were intended for the support of his animal frame in the discharge of its duties, and to invigorate the powers of the mind, after they have been exhausted in useful services, these characters are considered by common consent as upon a level with the lowest of the brute creation. Cogan. Ethical Treatise on the Passions, Dis. 1. c. 2. Gluttonous excess obscures the lustre, and blunts the acuteness of our intellectual nature. It weighs down our soul to the earth. It pollutes its purity, and degrades it to a level with the body.-Knox. Works, vol. vi. Ser. 3. Rank abundance breeds, In good spirit of wine, whose tenacity and glutinousness is far less than that of water, bubbles rarely continue upon the surface of the liquor, but are presently broken and vanish. Boyle. Works, vol. v. s. 6. p. 205. We have no shift of faces, no cleft tongues, B. Jonson. Sejanus, Act i. sc. 1. Nor is it any potion but a playster, he [the tench] affordeth; viz. his natural unctious glutinousness which quickly consolidateth any green gash in any fish. Fuller. Worthies. Dorsetshire. These [the beams from the moon] clean contrary, refresh and moisten in a notable manner, leaving an aquatic and viscous glutining kind of sweat upon the glass. Digby. Of the Sympathetic Powder. By the former, [the broad skin on each side of the belly,] assisted with the glutinous slime emitted from the snail's body, they adhere firmly and securely to all kinds of superficies, partly by the tenacity of their slime and partly by the pressure of the atmosphere. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. viii. c. 1. Note 4. All these threads, being newly spun, are glutinous, and therefore stick to each other wherever they happen to touch, and in those parts of the web most exposed to be torn, our naturalist [the spider] strengthens them by doubling the threads sometimes sixfold.-Goldsmith. The Bee, No. 4. GNARR. GNA'RLED. GNA'RLY. A. S. Gnyrran; Dut. Knerren, knorren; Ger. Knarren, knirren; Sw. Knorra, stridere, to creak. Omnia à sono ficta. It was sometimes written Knarr. Gnarr (Mr. Tyrwhitt says) is a hard knot in a tree, and knarry full of gnarres or knots. It is applied by Chaucer to the head; in modern vulgar English, the knob. Gnarly is cited by Steevens from Antonio's Revenge, 1602. Gnarr is applied to the snarling noise of a dog; generally, to chiding or complaints, and may be applied to knots of the oak, from their greater crash or creak in breaking or riving. In the passage quoted below from the Parson's Tale, gnerring is omitted in Mr. Tyrrwhitt's edition. Chaucer also writes Knarry, (qv.) full of gnarres or knots. He was short shuldered brode, a thikke gnarre. Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 551. And therefore better and greatly more pleasaunt is a mor sell, or litle gobet of bread with ioy, than an hous filled full of delices, with chiding and gnerring, saieth Salomon. Id. The Persones Tale, ed. 1598. For and this curre do gnar Skelton. Why come ye not to Court. At them he gan to rear his bristles strong Merciful heaven Thou rather with thy sharpe and sulpherous bolt Shakespeare. Measure for Measure, Act ii. sc. 2. GNASH. Antonio's Revenge, 1602. Dut. Knasschen; Ger. KnirGNA'SHING, n. schen, dentibus frendere, which latter Wachter calls a frequentative from Knirren, stridere, to crash. As commonly applied, to gnash, is To rub, strike or dash the teeth together. Whi hethen men gnastiden with teeth togidre and the Cowper. Task, b. i. peples thoughten veyn thingis.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 4. In gross and pamper'd cities, sloth, and lust And wantonness, and gluttonous excess. The Macedon perceiuing hurt, gan gnash, But yet his mynde he bent in any wise Him to forbear.-Vncertaine Auctors. Death of Zoroas. And the children of the kyngedome shal be caste oute into utter darknes: there shall be wepynge and gnashynge of teeth.-Bible, 1551. Matthew, c. 8. By that waies side, there sate infernal Paine, And fast beside him sate tumultuous Strife: The one, in hand an iron whyp did straine, The other brandished a bloudy knife; And both did gnash their teeth, & both did threaten life. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7. Such are they, which say, that God hath decreed the greatest part of mankind to eternal damnation, and that only to declare his severity, and to manifest his glory by a triumph in our torments, and rejoicings in the gnashing of our teeth.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 7. The well-aim'd javelin Pierc'd his tough hide, and quiver'd in his heart; Smith. Phædra & Hippolitus, Act I. A staff the herdsman shook Of knotty oak, with which the earl he struck: He gnash'd his teeth, his eye-balls flash'd with fire. Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxx. GNAT. A. S. Gnat. The etymology GNAT-LING, n. 5 of this word has been referred to the Gr. Kv, culex. But the A. S. Næt-an, premere, and thus, perhaps, pungere, to prick,with the usual prefix ge, would form ge-net-an, gnat-an; and the reason of the application from the prick or sting would be plain. Blynde lederis clensynge a gnatte but swolowynge a camel. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 23. Ye blynde gydes whiche strayne out a gnat and swalowe a cammell.-Bible, 1551. Ib. After thy text, ne after thy rubricke Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5929. We passed the riuer into the wilderness, where we made wreathes of greene grasse, which we wound about our bodies, to keepe vs from the sunne, and gnats of that country. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. P. 491. But in these so little bodies (nay prickes and specks rather than bodies indeed) how can one comprehend the reason, the power, and the inexplicable perfection that nature hath therein shewed? How hath she bestowed all the five senses in a gnat.-Holland. Plinie, b. xi. c. 2. To omit the ancient Conopeion, or gnat-net of the Ægyptians, the inventors of that artifice. Brown. Cyrus' Garden, c. 2. He that would behold a very anomalous motion, may observe it in the fertile and tiring stroaks of gnat-worms. Id. Ib. c. 4. For an instance of insects endued with a spear, I shall for its peculiarity pitch upon one of the smallest, if not the very smallest of all the gnat kind. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 11. Note. Among the insects [at Terra del Fuego] which were not numerous, there was neither gnat nor musquito, nor any other species that was either hurtfull or troublesome, which perhaps is more than can be said of any other uncleared country.-Cook. Voyages, vol. i. b. i. c. 5. But if some man, more hardy than the rest, GNAW, v. A. S. Gnag-an; Dut. KnagGNAW, n. hen, knauwen; Ger. Nagen; Sw. GNA'WING, n. Gnaga, rodere. Junius derives from the Gr. Navel, carpere; but there is no need to travel out of the northern tongues: it was sometimes written knaw. To press and wear asunder, (sc.) by the teeth; to fret or eat into by continued biting or action of the teeth; to corrode, to eat into, to prey upon. To the rode he sturte, & bygan to frete & gnawe The armes vaste, & thyes myd hys teth to. R. Gloucester, p. 417. His children wenden, that for hunger it was That he his armes gnowe, and not for wo, And sayden fader, do not so, alas. Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,758. By dremes, by chirking of dores, or craking of houses, by gnawing of rattes, and swiche maner of wretchednesse? Thus you see that the young man being the scholer gaue his master a boane to gnaw, and bet him with his owne rod, which the master had made for his scholar's taile. Wilson. The Arte of Logike, fol. 86. Perceyuinge thus the tyrannye of sinne, Wyatt, Psalm 38. When they fele the terryble gnawinge of inwarde fearfulnesse, they shall seke vp theyr stynkinge remedyes, and require their dyrtye merites, whiche is cleane to dye from Christe and to forsak his lyuyng waters for their filthye puddles of hypocrisye and deuyllyshness.-Bale. Image, pt. i. Nowe therefore let vs here rehearse, the contencion of familiar thinges, the gnawing at the heartes, and the freating of mindes & vowes, promises and requestes made of diuerse persones.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 19. This composition is good for those that be troubled with the splene, or have weak and feble stomachs, or be troubled with gnawing and pain there.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 9. So he, now subject to the victour's law, The man of sense his meat devours, Frior. Alma, c. 1. There is no rest unless you can rest in chains and flames of fire, and under the gnawings of an eternal worm and the everlasting wrath of God. Bates. The Everlasting Rest of the Saints, c. 10. O'er the wild waste the stupid ostrich strays In devious search to pick her scanty meal, Whose fierce digestion gnaws the tem'pred steel. Mickle. The Lusiad, b. v. Nine days I struggled-think the cruel strife Boyse. Written in the Palace of Falkland. GNOFF. Mr. Tyrwhitt quotes from Urry, "An old cuff, a miser;" and adds, "I know not upon what authority." Skinner says, "Avarus, I believe from the A. S. Gnafan, to gnaw; because (truly) he through excessive covetousness gnaws the very bones, as dogs do." Whilom ther was dwelling in Oxenforde Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3188. The chubbyshe gnof, that toyles, and moyles, and delueth in the downe, If happlye he a suertie be, Drant. Horace, Sat. 1. γνωμας, ap Gr. гvwun, sententia. "SenGNOMO'LOGY. (tentiæ quas Græci pellant: utrumque autem nomen ex eo acceperunt, quod similes sunt consiliis aut decretis," (Quinct. lib. viii. c. 5.) They (sententiæ and yvwuau) have received their name from this that they are like See Menage. counsels and decrees. Gnomes, (Fr. Gnomes,) a name given by the Cabalists to certain invisible people whom they suppose to dwell within the earth. Vigenere calls them Gnomons, and this is derived from the Gr. Tvwuwv, knowing, provident. See GNOMON. Which art of powerfull reclaiming, wisest men have also taught in their ethical precepts and gnomologies, resembling it, as when we bend a crooked wand the contrary way; not that it should stand so bent, but that the overbending might reduce it to a straightness by its own reluctance. Milton. Tetrachordon. Gnome [is] a saying pertaining to the manners and common practices of men, which declareth by an apte brevity, what in this our lyfe ought to be done or not done. Peacham. Garden of Eloquence, (1577.) The Gnomes or Dæmons of earth, delight in mischief. Pope. Epistle Dedicatory to Mrs. Arabella Fermor. GNO/MON. GNO'MICAL. GNOMO'NICKS. GNOMO'NICK. GNOMO'NIST. Fr. Gnomon; Gr. гvwμwv, one who knows, who judges or - determines; one who, or that which, points out. For the peculiar application Id. The Persones Tale. | in Dialling, see the quotations. The shadow of the style in the dyall which they call the gnomon, in Egypt, at noonetide, in the equinoctiall day, is little more in length than halfe the gnomon. Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 72. Under whose feet, you see the setting sun, They [mathematicians] can make that inexhausted fourtain of light [the sun] at so immense a distance, by the shadow of a little gnomon, fitly placed, give us an exact acount of all the journeys he performs in the zodiack. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 348, He may have given him a dial furnished with a magnetic needle, rather than an ordinary gnomical dial. Id. Ib. vol. v. p. 427. Suppose that a countryman, in a clear day, brought into the garden of some famous mathematician, should see there one of those curious gnomonic instruments, that show once the place of the sun in the zodiac, his declination from the equator, the day of the month, the length of the day, ke Id. Ib. p.. Man may enjoy the world above him, by applying to his uses creatures, that are by vast removes out of his reach, as the sun, by making it afford him the elevations of the pole, and the azimuths, sun-dials of all sorts, enough to make up an art called gnomonicks.—Id. Ib. vol. vi. P. 776. The sun enables the gnomonist to make accurate dials, to know exactly how the time passes.—Id. Ib. p. 418, GNO'STICK. Į Gr. FYwOTIKOS; Lat. GasGNO'STICISM. Sticus; Fr. Gnostique; that can See the first quotation from Ti or may know. lotson. And I think that no man that reads it [the Epistle of John) with attention, can doubt but that it is particularly designed against the impious sect of the Gnosticks, who, as the Fathen tell us, sprang from Simon Magus, and pretended to exa ordinary knowledge and illumination, from whence they had the name of Gnosticks.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 15. This difference between the stile of the Old and New T tament is so remarkable, that one of the greatest sects in the Primitive Church (I mean that of the Gnosticks) did upc this very ground found their heresy of two Gods; the one evil, and fierce, and cruel, whom they called the God of the Old Testament, the other, good, and kind, and merciful, whom they called the God of the New.-Id. Ib. Ser. i. He [Dr. Zeucker] pretended that the most primitive Christ tians acknowledged not Jesus Christ in any other capacity, but according to his human generation only, till Plator and Gnosticism crept into the church. Nelson. Life of Bp. Bul, s.. These objections were eagerly embraced, and as petulanty urged, by the vain science of the gnosticks. GO, v. Go'ER. GOING, n. } Gibbon. The Roman Empire, c. 14 A. S. Gan; Dut. Ga-en; Ger. Ge-hen; Sw. Ga; Scotch and Od Eng. Ga. Go (see COME) is a term expressing a particular species of motion We see a thing in motion, the distance from s lessens, the thing approaches, and (we say) comes; but if the distance increases, the thing de parts, and (we say) it goes. See WEND, and Gr. To go is usually interpreted in union with prepositions, or even with other words connected w it; and thus, improperly, the meaning of the whe phrase is ascribed to the single word. To go aside, (sub. from the right way,) to de viate, to err. To go between (sub.) as mediator, intercessor to mediate, to intercede, to interpose. To go by, (sub.) as a rule; to act by, or in obe dience to, to obey. To go over, (sub.) from one party to another to revolt. To go, (with prepositions, or by inference) i equivalent to the words To advance, to return, to proceed, to recede to succeed; to pass. To go, is to move voluntarily or involuntary by the action of our own limbs, or by conveyance Go is opposed by Chaucer to-ride; to ride or go (sc.) on foot; to walk. The see goth hym al aboute, he stont as an yle. For as a man that goith in pilgrimage, clepide hise serrauntis, and bitook to him hise goodis, and to on he gaf fyve alentis, to another tweyne; and to an othir oon, to ech aftir ais owne vertu, and wente forth anoon.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 25. Symount Petir seide to him, Lord, whider goeth thou? Thesus answeride, whider I go thou mayist not sue me now: ut thou schalt sue aftirward.-Id. Ib. c. 13. Simon Peter sayde unto him: Lord, whyther goest thou? fesus answered hym: whyther I goe thou canst not folow ne now, but thou shalt folow me afterwardes. Bible, 1551. Ib. Right by the hopper wol I stand That other wher him lust may ride or go, Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1353. How oft time may men rede and seen Id. Ib. b. ii. To whom the Heduanes und their confederates had divers mes gyuen battell; wherein going by the wars, they had ceiued great domage.-Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 23. For vnto the place, where as at that season they founde e Lorde Jesus, there resorted an vnnumerable multitude people, so as it seemed as it had been an ebbing and flowg of cummers and goers.-Udal. Mark, c. 6. Compare the Pope's doctrine to the word of God, and thou alt finde that there hath ben, and yet is a great going out the way.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 132. Stew. Let go slaue, or thou dy'st. Such a man Shakespeare. Lear, Act iv. sc. 6. Might be a copie to these younger times; Id. All's Well that Ends Well, Act i. sc. 2. Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 2. And they said, go to, let us builde us a cite and a tower, hose top. (may reache) vnto the heauen that we may get a name, lest we be scattered vpon the whole earth. Bible, 1583. Gen. xi. 4. If force be not to be used in your case or mine, because reasonable, or unjust; you will, I hope, think fit that it ould be forborn in all others, where it will be equally ajust and unreasonable; as I doubt not but to make it apear it will unavoidably be, wherever you will go about to inish men for want of consideration. Locke. A Second Letter Concerning Toleration. Eternal goodness manifestly still Parnell. The Gift of Poetry. My grandmother appears as if she stood in a large drum, thereas the ladies now walk as if they were in a go-cart. Spectator, No. 109. These go-betweens influence the persons with whom they arry on the intercourse, by stating their own sense to each f them as the sense of the other; and thus they reciproally master both sides. Burke. Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs. She [Mrs. Roundabout] puts me in mind of my Lord Bantam's Indian sheep, which are obliged to have their monstrous tails trundled in a go-cart. Goldsmith. The Bee, No. 2. GOAD, v. A. S. Ga, gaad, goad, cuspis, stiGOAD, N. mulus, (Lye;) and Somner, the point of a weapon, a spear or arrow-head, a sting, prick or goad. Perhaps that which gad-eth, or causes to ga or go: and thus, consequentially, a prick or spur: and the verb, To prick or spur, to stimulate, to urge on, to excite. VOL. I. For I do judge those same goads and prickes wherewith their consciences are prikt and wounded to be a greuous fealing of that same iudgment. Caluine. Foure Godiye Sermons, Ser. 1. And therefore goaded with most sharpe occasions, Shakespeare. All's Well that Ends Well, Act v. sc. 1. Drayton. The Shepherd's Sirena. At length by swords and goading darts compell'd, Dronish he drags his load across the field; Nor once attempts to charge, but drooping goes, To bear his dying lord amidst his foes. Rowe. Lucan, b. iv. A hind that stood beside A rustic weapon for her rage supply'd, A pointed goad he brought, with which he drew From every limb the streams of sanguine hue. Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxxvii. GOAL. Dr. T. H. (in Skinner) from the Fr. Gaule, a pole, a stake; because a pole, stuck or fixed in the ground, was used pro metâ. The Fr. Gaule, Lye thinks, is manifestly from the A. S. Ge-afle, which denotes the same thing. Menage, from the Lat. Vallus. By usage, goal is That to which our course is directed, and at which it ends; also, from which it commences, and to which it returns. So that I saw the chaunce as perfectly as I saw my awne image in a glasse, that there was no person (if I had ben greedy to attempt the enterprise) coud nor should haue won the ryng or gott the gole before me.-Hall. Rich. III. an. 2. As in the rennynge, passyng the gole is accounted but rashenesse, so rennynge halfe way is reproued for slowness. Sir T. Elyot. The Governour, b. iii. c. 20. Canara byrds, come in to bear the bell, Gascoigne. The Complaints of Phylomene. Millon. Paradise Lost, b. ii. And the slope sun his upward beam Of his chamber in the east.-Id. Comus. Eusden. Ovid. Met. b. x. So self starts nothing but what tends apace Cowper. Charity. GOAR. Gore, in Chaucer, Mr. Tyrwhitt GO ARISH. says he does not understand in either of the places cited below. A correspondent suggested to him that gore is a common name for a slip of cloth or linen, (q. slit or rent from the whole breadth,) which is inserted in order to widen a garment in any particular place. This sense, he adds, will suit very well with the context of verse 3237, but hardly with v. 13,719. Gorecoat, (Grose, Supplement,) a gown or petticoat gored, or so cut as to be broad at the bottom, and narrower at the upper end, such as may be seen in some ancient pictures, particularly of Queen Elizabeth. See GORE. Goarish, in Beaumont and Fletcher, is, (met.) rent, ragged; or-pieced or patched. A seint she wered, barred all of silk, A barme-cloth eke as white as morwe milk Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3237. Me dremed all this night parde, An elf-quene shall my lemman be, And slepe under my gore. northern languages from a Greek word which expresses a quality peculiar to it, viz. its length of hair. Wachter thinks that gitz, geiz, animal avidum, might be formed from the A. S. Gyt-sean, cupere, concupiscere; and the animal be so called quia appetit non appetenda, (sc.) leaves, the bark, shoots of trees, especially of vines; (more probably so called from its lascivious appetency.) See GAT-TOOTH. Thei wenten aboute in brok skynnes and in skynnes of geet.-Wiclif. Hebrewis, c. 11. [They] walked vp and doune in shepes skynnes, & in goales skynnes.-Bible, 1551. Ib. But Crist beinge a bisschop of goodis to comynge entride bi a largere and parfitere tabernacle not maad bi hond, that is to seie not of this makyng neither bi blood of gool-buckis or of caluys.-Id. Ebrewis, c. 9. Gower. Con. A. b. vii. Wherof, if that I shall conforme Goates bring forth foure kids other whiles, but that is very seldome. They goe with young five monthes as ewes do. Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 50. On's shield the goatish Satires dance around, Is not thilke same a gote-herd prowde, Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. July. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xiv But all alone the hoary king he found; His habit coarse, but warmly wrapt around; His head, that bow'd with many a pensive care, Fenc'd with a double cap of goat-skin hair. Id. Ib. b. xxiv. The goat is the most local of any of our domestic animals, confining itself to the mountainous parts of those islands: his most beloved food are the tops of the boughs or the tender bark of young trees, on which account he is so prejudicial to plantations, that it would be imprudent to draw him from his native rocks, except some method could be devised to obviate this evil. Pennant. British Zoology. The Goat. A herd of goats, each shining morn, "Fr. Gob, gobeau, and the verb GOBBET.gober, to ravine, to devour; feed Go'BBLE. greedily; swallow great morsels, let down whole gobbets," (Cotgrave.) Skinner thinks it is not very absurd to derive the Fr. Gob from the verb couper, to cleave. is said to be "The mouth; also a copious expecIn the glossary to Hora momenta Cravenæ, gob toration lumps, as gobs of suet." Brocket and Moor. : See also "A gob, an open or wide mouth. Hence, to gobble, to swallow greedily or with open mouth. Gob, in the south, signifies a large morsel or bit: so we say a good gob, i.e. a good segment or part. The dim. whereof is gobbet, cut into gobbets, perhaps from the Greek word Κοπτω, κόμμα. -Cata Ray. Id. The Rime of Sir Thopas, v. 13,719. logue of North Country Words, by Tomlinson, in May they know no language but that gibberish they prattle to their parcels, unless it be the goarish Latine they write in their bonds, and may they write false, and loose their debts. Beaum. & Fletch. Philaster, Act v. sc. 1. GOAT. Goth. Gaitei; A. S. Gæt, gat; GOATTSH. } Dut. Geyt, Ger. Geis; Sw. Get, which Junius thinks may be from the Gr. Xairn, coma, juba; the animal receiving its name in the 913 to The more common word, gob-et, is applied toA part or portion, a fragment, a piece; to a piece swallowed at one gulp. 6 A Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 698. The herde of hartes, founden is anone Id. Legend of Dido. Reioyce vpon thine assistante companion, Ladye Discention, who hath burst loose fro the pit of bottomlesse helle, that she might heape vppon the many gubs of goulde. Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 104. He gaping wide his threefold iawes Al hungry caught that gubbe. Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. vi. And then as well he maye, and so doth he soone after, call the heretikes the church, and therin calleth he both twaine as proprely, as if ye woulde cut of a cantell or a gobbet from an whole lofe, and then call the cantell a lofe, and the lofe a cantell.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 616. That little land he gave Throate the lawyer swallowed at one gob. Barry. Ram Alley, Act i. sc. 1. He slewe Hamon neare to a hauen of the sea and threw him gobbet meale therein, it is now called South-hampton. Stow. The Romans, an. 21. But the caitifs that were present, rather of malice than of ignorance, misconstruing his words, murthered the archbishop without further delaie, brained him and hacked him in gobbets.-Holinshed. Ireland, 1534. He [Shaxton, Bishop of Salisbury] complains of the practice of putting false relics on the people, naming stinking boots, mucky combs, ragged rockets, rotten girdles, locks of hair, gobbets of wood as parcels of the holy cross, of which he had perfect knowledge. Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1536. The time too precious now to waste, The supper gobbled up in haste; Again afresh to cards they run, As if they had but just begun.-Swift. Lady's Journal. On such occasions, after he has made them scamper, he returns to his female train, displays his plumage around, struts about the yard, and gobbles out a note of self-approbation.-Goldsmith. Animated Nature. The Turkey. Every body knows the strange antipathy the turkey cock has to a red colour; how he bristles, and, with his peculiar gobbling sound, flies to attack it.-Id. Ib. GOBLET. Mid. Lat. Gobel, gobelettus; Dut. and Fr. Gobelet, which Junius and others (see Menage) think is akin to the Gr. KUTEλλov; more probably to gob, gobet, (sc.) a cup containing a large quantity for one opening of the mouth, for one draught or swallow. Ye that drinke wyne out of goblettes. Bible, 1551. Amos, c. 6. And the Frensshe kyng gaue hym a goblet of syluer weynge iiii. marke.-Berners. Froissart. Cron. vol. ii. c. 87. Drunken distemper in the goblet flows. Carew. Coelum Britannicum. Best wits, while they, possest with fury, thinke They taste the Muses' sober well and drinke Of Phoebus' goblet, (now a starry signe) Mistake the cup, and write in heat of wine. Beaumont. Against abused Loue. A goblet rich with gems, and rough with gold, Of depth, and breadth, the precious pledge to hold, With cruel care he chose: the hollow part Enclos'd, the lid conceal'd the lover's heart. Dryden. Sigismonda & Guiscardo. Two bowls white foaming with their milky store Of generous oil, two brimming goblets more, Each year we shall present before thy shrine, And cheer the feast with liberal draughts of wine. Beattie, Past. 5. GO'BLIN. Fr. Gobelin; Ger. Kobold, which Casaubon and other etymologists (on the authority of the scholiast upon Aristophanes) derive from the Gr. Koßaλos. Minshew, supported by Skinner, from the Fr. Gober, to gobble, to devour; because nurses tell infants that such dæmons devour children whole. See Du Cange, Menage, and Wachter. By their [the Popes] charming they stirred up walking spirits, bugs, goblins, fiery sightes, & diuers terrible goasts & shapes of thinges, with howlinges and groaninges aboute deade men's graues, perswadinge the simple people yt they were deade men's soules.-Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 74. By night affrighted in his fearful dreams, Of raging fiends and goblins that he meets, Of falling down from steep rocks into streams; Of deaths, of burials, and of winding sheets. Drayton. Barons' Wars, b. v. From this ignorance of how to distinguish dreams, and other strong fancies, from vision and sense, did arise the greatest part of the religion of the Gentiles in time past, that worshipped Satyrs, Fawns, Nymphs, and the like; and now-a-days the opinion that rude people have of Faeries, Ghosts, and Goblins.-Hobbs. Of Man, pt. i. c. 2. The ideas of goblins and sprights have really no more to do with darkness than light; yet let but a foolish maid inculcate these often on the mind of a child, and raise them there together, possibly he shall never be able to separate them again as long as he lives. Locke. Of Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 33. Meantime the village rouses up the fire; While well attested, and as well believ'd, Heard solemn, goes the goblin-story round; Till superstitious horrour creeps o'er all. Thomson. Winter. Every one will be sensible of this, who considers how greatly night adds to our dread, in all cases of danger, and how much the notions of ghosts and goblins, of which none can form clear ideas, affect minds which give credit to the popular tales concerning such sorts of beings. Burke. Sublime and Beautiful, pt. ii. §. 3. GOD, v. GO'DLILY. GO'DLINESS. Goth. Goth; A. S. God; Dut. Goed; Ger. Gott; Sw. Gud. This word (says Junius) is very clearly derived from the Goth. Goth; A. S. God, good; in Dut. Goed, in Ger. Gutt; and Minshew, God quasi good, because God is only goodness. The A. S. God, from the verb Godian, juvare, meliorare; to aid or assist, to improve or better. See the quotation from Wilkins. The Author of all good. God-father, A. S. Godfæder, so called, quia coram Deo se ut parentem infanti illi, cujus est pater initialis fore promisit; because he promised before God that he would be as a parent to that infant, whose pater initialis (i. e. whose father at his initiation or reception into Christ's holy church) he was. See GOSSIP. God, v. in Shakespeare; godded me,-acted towards me as if I were a god. Goddize, v. is a coinage of Warner. Ther fore ys messageres mid gode lettres he nom, Id. p. 69. That Adam. Eve. and hus issue alle Piers Plouhman, p. 349. Cros & curteis Christ this begynning spede, For the Fader's frendshipe, yt fourmed heavun & through ye special Spirit yt sprog of he tweyne And al in one Godhed endles dwelleth. Id. Crede. And it is ympossible to please God withoute feith, for it bihoueth that a man comynge to God beleue that he is, and that he is rewardere to men that seken him. Wiclif. Ebrewis, c. 11. But without faith it is impossible to please him, for he that commeth to God must beleue that God is, and that he is a rewarder of them that seke hym.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Ye shuln first in alle your werkes mekely besechen to the high God, that he wol be your conseillour: and shapeth ye. to swiche entente that he yeve you conseil and comforte, as taught Tobie his sone.-Chaucer. Tale of Melibeas. I n'ot whe'r she be woman or Goddesse. Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1103. If so be that my youthe may deserve, And certes, parentele is in two maners: eyther gostly r fleshly gostly, is for to delen with her Godsibbes: for righ: so as he that engendreth a child, is his fleshly father, right so is his Godfather, his father spiritual: for which a woman may in no lesse sinne assemble with hire Godsib, than with hir owen fleshly broder.-Id. The Persones Tale. Lo these Goddes and well mo Whose names thou shalt here anone: The foles, which her feith receiuen.-Gower. Con. A. b.7 He is made liche to the Godhede. Id. Ib. b. i. Id. Ib. b. fii. The Metapōtines knowing of the oracle of the Gods, thinkinge it good to work speedily in the pacifying of their gate and in pacifying of the Gods, set vp little images of ster the yōg men, and appeased the Goddes with bread sacrifices. Goldyng. Justine, fol 12. Therefore after her death she was worshipped for a G desse, and her image set up with a rocke as a token aa signe of chastity and labour. Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b.i.cl The Jewes bare a speciall malyce agaynste Parle, part a for that, that he openly professed himselfe to be an aposte of ye Heathen, whom the Jewes aborred as vnreligicas an godles.—Udal. Argument of the Epistle to Hebrues, He deceaueth himselfe, and maketh a mocke of himse vnto the godies hypocrites and infidels. Tyndall. Worker. p. 5. this cytie, when he was taken at Dornick was cond A certaine young man, who liued godlylye here with r with this sentence, that yf he wold denye the cofessio faith he shuld be but beheaded, but yf he persevered in s purpased opinion, he shuld be burned. Caluine. Foure Godlye Sermons, Ser! In this text, kinges be taught to moderate their victories. and that it is their office to see the youghth diligently a godly brought up and learned. Joye. Exposicion of Dame, c.1 For godly sorow causeth repentaunce vnto saluation notbe repented of: when worldly sorow causeth death. Id. 2 Corinthians, c." Goodlines is greate ryches, if a man be content with th he hath.-Bible, 1551. 1 Tim. c. 6. Godamarsey, seyd our kyng, of they serueyse to daye, Yeffe thow hafe awt to do with me, or owt to save, They friende schall y yeffor be, be God that ys bet of Ancient Popular Poetry. The King & the Bark Theodatus the First was a Romane, the son of one Ster a Subdeacon; he deuised a newe founde aliance betwene Godfather and ye Goddaughter, and between the Godm and her Godsonne, calling it spirituall cosanguinitye: therefore he commaunded that neyther the Godfather not his Godsonne should not marrye the Goddaughter and so the Godmother likewise.-Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 10. It is lawfull for them to take as many Godfathers and G.6mothers as they will, the more the better. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 221. Nothing speake we for our own sakes: but whether we speake of our great acts, and thereby seame to be pushe peuishe are we to godwarde, to whose glory we rehearse such thinges, as we by his helpe did.-Udal. 2 Cor. c. 5. But their hartes remayned styll faythlesse to godaard and toward his mercy and truth.-Tyndall. Workce, p. Corio. This last old man, Whom with a crack'd heart I have sent to Rome, Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act v. sc. ↑ I suppose, therefore, that to seek after any shape of G.4. and to assigne a forme and image to him, bewraieth mati weaknesse. For God, whosoever he be [if haply there be any other, but the very world] and in what part scever resiant, all sense he is, all sight, all hearing: he is all fe all soule, all of himselfe.-Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 7. So little knows Any, but God alone, to value right The good before him, but peruerts best things Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv. But what car'd he for God or godliness? He made small choyce.-Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale. The wood-borne people fall before her flat, Proserpin her offence, Id. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 6. Growen, through misguides, veniall perhaps, And faire, loued, fear'd, Elizabeth Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. c. 44. Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles. If therefore we would advertize young men, that poets rite thus, not as if they praised and allowed such speeches, it as they knew full well that they be lewd and naughty, they do attribute them unto as wicked and godless perns, they should never take harme by any evil impressions om poets.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 19. Stand onely and behold God's indignation on these godless pour'd Discord; whose small sparks once blowne, Knox. History of the Reformation, an. 1558. Godliness being the chiefest top and well-spring of all ue virtues, even as God is of all good things. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 2. St. Wynabald again at Hydlemayne enjoy'd The abbacy, in which his godly time employ'd In their conversion there which long time him withstood. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 24. He [Duke Robert] was so well pleased with his enterinment, that in requital thereof and to do favour to the teen, that was his god-daughter, he released to King Henry e three thousand marks which he was yearly to pay him. Baker. Henry I. an. 1104. It is a custom of the Catholic Church, that at the baptizing infants there be godfathers and godmothers. This custom still of use in the Church of England: and although much the reason for which they were first introduced is ceased, id the case altered; yet it is enough to every man that is subject, that it is the custom. Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. iii. c. 4. Accept my simple legacie, Of godhood most deuine, Sayd Brenn. And with a self wrought wound Did perish, and his men Departing, wonne, and left the name To Gallo Grecia then. Warner. Albion's England, b. iii. c. 16. Anaxagoras, asserting one perfect mind ruling over all, which is the true Deity,) effectually degraded all those other agan Gods, the sun, moon, and stars, from their godships, y making the sun nothing but a globe of fire, and the moon arth and stones, and the like of the other stars and planets. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 233. As the foundation of this [virtue] there ought very early o be imprinted on his mind a true notion of God, as of the ndependant Supreme Being, author and maker of all things, rom whom we receive all our good, who loves us, and gives is all things.-Locke. Of Education. And his common title amongst the Latines, was Deus Thee, goddess thee, the clouds and tempests fear, For thee the land in fragrant flowers is drest; She faints, she falls, and, scarce recovering strength, Thus, with a faultering tongue she speaks at length: Are you alive, O goddess-born! she said, Or if a ghost, then where is Hector's shade. Dryden. Virgil. Eneid, b. iii. Canst thou by reason more of godhead know, Than Plutarch, Seneca, or Cicero. Id. Religio Laici. Vain wretched creature, how art thou misled To think thy wit these god-like notions bred! These truths are not the product of thy mind, But dropt from heaven, and of a nobler kind. About this time one John Huntingdon, a zealous priest and poet, compiled a poem, entitled, the genealogy of heretics mentioning only the names of such godly men as had been no friends to the pope; and no other heretics were once touched at as if there were no heretics but such as opposed the pope.-Strype. Mem. Hen. VIII. an. 1540. Id. Ib. By the means of this man, [Dr. Barnes,] and some few others in that University, [Cambridge,] many became godly learned.-Id. Ib. He saith it not, as supposing godliness and contentedness to be separable; but rather, as implying godliness, therefore to be most gainful, because sufficiency and contentedness do ever attend it.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 3. I'm come, o'er mountains steep, o'er dusty plains Swift. Epigrams on Windows. A remnant Thomson. Liberty, pt. iv. I shall comprehend promiscuously the duty of parents, and, in case of their death, of guardians and of God-fathers and God-mothers; though this for the most part signifies very little more than a pious and charitable care and concernment for them, because the children for whom they are sureties are seldom under their power.-Tillotson, Ser. 51. For Eneas was actually wounded, in the twelfth of the Eneis, though he had the same God-smith to forge his arms as had Achilles.-Dryden. Dedication to the Eneis. Happy the man, who sees a God employ'd In all the good and ill that checker life! Resolving all events with their effects And manifold results, into the will That colony has cost the nation very great sums of money; whereas the colonies which have had the fortune of not being God-fathered by the Board of Trade, have never cost the nation a shilling, except what has been so properly spent in losing them.-Burke. On the Economical Reform. A subscriber may justly say, If my subscription is to go in charity, I myself have many objects as deserving, and more connected with me than any God-son of Mr. Cowper. Anecdotes of Bp. Watson, vol. ii. p. 270. GODWIT. Skinner, from God, i. e. good, and wihta, an animal; q. d. avis bona, sapore grata. Serenius,-from the Isl. God, good, and veide, præda venatione capta; vel, si mavis, vist, victus. The puet, godwit, stint, the palate that allure, Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 25. Th' Ionian godwit, nor the ginny hen B. Jonson. Praises of a Countrie Life. From Horace. GOFFISH. Fr. Goffe, dull, sottish, lumpish, doltish, blockish. Mr. Grose says, Goff, a foolish clown, (North..)-Oaf, a foolish fellow, (North and South).-Goff appears to be oaf, with the common A. S. prefix ge. See OAF. But nathelesse, yet gan she him besech Chaucer. Troilus, b. iii. GOG. From the A. S. Gan-gan, to go. See AGOG, and GIG. :} Luc. My ladies' cloak; nay, you have put me into such a gog of going, I would not stay for all the world. Beaum. & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act iii. sc. 1. GO'GGLE, v. Wiclif renders luscum, i. e. GO'GGLE, n. unoculum, goggle-eyed; but GO'GGLE-EYED. it seems very probable that goggle is the diminutive of Gog, agog, and means moving, a moving eye; applied to a prominent, restless eye; or it may be from ooghel-en, the dim. of Dut. Ooghen, with the prefix ghe. (See OGLE.) Junius thinks that the initial s being And arbitration wise of the Supreme.-Cowper. Task, b. ii. rejected, goggle-eyed may be the A. S. Scegl-egede; Thy form benign, oh Goddess, wear, To soften, not to wound my heart. Gray. Hymn to Adversity. Here then lies the difficulty: These sects removed all passions from the Godhead, especially anger: and, on that account, rejected a future state of rewards and punishments; while yet they believed a Providence, which was administered by the exercise of those very passions. Warburton. Divine Legation, b iii. s. 4. They now are deem'd the faithful, and are prais'd Who, constant only in rejecting thee, Deny thy Godhead with a martyr's zeal, And quit their office for their errour's sake. Cowper. Task, b. vi. It was easy to foresee what would follow from this vigilant and able divine, when his lordship's [Bolingbroke] godless volumes should come forth; and the dread of it seems to have kept them back for the remainder of his life. Hurd. Life of Warburton. Here the mind, Lull'd by the sacred silence of the place, As erst frequented by the God-like band Of Grecian sages.-Cooper. Power of Harmony, b. ii. To some vast beam compar'd might be; A cramp, to keep the beams together. Churchill. The Ghost, b. ii. He finds the puny mansion fallen to earth, Its Godlings mouldering on th' abandon'd hearth: And starts, where small white bones are spread around, Or little footsteps lightly print the ground. Beattie. Battle of the Pygmies and Cranes. While Bigotry, with well dissembled fears His eyes shut fast, his fingers in his ears, Mighty to parry and push by God's word With senseless noise, his argument the sword, Pretends a zeal for godliness and grace, And spits abhorrence in the Christian's face. Cowper. Hope. In the next place, his feet peruse, but scegl or sceol is the Eng. Scowl, and scowleyes are separated eyes, or eyes looking different ways. To goggle, is To move, to strain or stretch, the eye, (sc.) a prominent, restless eye, from one object to another. That if thin yghe sclaundrith thee caste it out, it is bettre for thee to enter gogil-yghed [luscum] into the rewme of God than haue tweyne yghen and he sent into helle of fier. Wiclif. Mark, c. 9. Let the gogle-eied Gardiner of Winchester gyrde at it till hys rybbes ake and an hondred digging deuyls vpon his side, yet shal not one iote of the Lord's promisse be vnfulfylled at the tyme appoynted for that blasphemous whore's ouerthrowe, his most holy mother.-Bale. English Votaries, pt. i. Such sight have they that see with goggling eyes. Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii. They gogle with their eyes hither and thither. Holinshed. Description of Ireland, c. 1. Give him warning, admonition, to forsake his sawey glavering grace; and his goggle-eye: it does not become him, sirrah; tell him so.-B. Jonson. Poetaster, Actiii. sc.4. He was of personage tall and of body strong, broad chested, and vsed both his hands alike, faire complexion; but great and goggle-eied, whereby he saw so clearly, as is incredible to report. Speed. The Romans, b. vi. c. 4. s. 6. She [Pythias, or Priestess of Apollo] came out foaming at the mouth, her eyes goggling, her breast heaving, her voice undistinguishable and shrill, as if she had an earthquake within her labouring for vent.-Dryden. Life of Plutarch. Which made him hang his head and scowl, And wink and goggle like an owl.-Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 1. It [the sea-lion] has a great goggle-eye, the teeth 3 inches long, about the bigness of a man's thumb. Dampier. Voyage, an. 1683. Palmated feet might have been joined with goggle-eyes; or small eyes might have been joined with feet of any other form.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 15. Those muscles, in English, wherewith a man ogles, We found 'em much worn. GOLD. Go'LDEN. GOʻLDENLY. Byrom. Dissection of a Beau's Head. See GILD. Golden Made of gold; having the qualities of gold; applied to colour; |