GUIDE, v. GUIDE, n. GUIDABLE. GUIDANCE. GUIDER. GUIDERESS. GUIDING, n. GUIDELESS. Fr. Guider; It. Guidare; Sp. Guiar. Skinner, from A. S. Wit-an, to know, or cause to know; or the Ger. Weiss-en, to show. Lye, from Weiss-en. (It is Ge-wit-an, ge-wit-ed, gwited, gwied, guide.) To teach, to show, to point out, (sc.) the way; to direct, to rule, or regulate; to manage or control. The oarons gede to conseel, & teld it sithen on hie, Id. p. 6. Ac the wey ys so wyckede. bote ho hadde a gyde. Piers Plouhman, p. 127. R. Brunne, p. 2. Adelard of Westsex was kyng of the empire, Of Noreis & Surreis, guyour of ilk schire. But certainly, a yong thing men may gie, I haue my selfe seine a blind man go A foole may eke a wise man oft gide.-Id. Troilus, b. i. And for to maken you the more mery, I wol myselven gladly with you ride, Id. The Prologue, v. 705. I shall fixe fethers in thy thought, by which it may arisen in height, so that all tribulation ydone away thou by my giding and by my pathe, & by my sledes, (meis vehiculis) shalt mowen returne hole and sound into thy country. Id. Boecius, b. iv. O (qd. I) thou that art guideress of every light.-Id. Ib. And be his guide vpon the weie That he his name might kenne.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii. And with that word Androgeus crested helme, A Grekish sword he guided [accommodate] by his side: Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii. Alas (my Poyns) how men do seke the best, And blindes the guide; anone out of the way Wyatt. Of the Meane and Sure Estate. So heere I hired two Indians to be my guides. Syr Marrocke he hyght that dyde me wo, Early Popular Poetry. Syr Tryamoure, vol. i. Still he him guided over dale and hill, Thus then Sir Guyon with his faithful guyde, The little babe up in his armes he hent.-Id. Ib. c. 2. Davies. The Immortality of the Soul, s. 14. So forth she rode, without repose or rest, There is a peremptory, and even forcible, execution of an All-comprehensive and Eternal Counsel, for the ordering and the guiding of the Motion of the Matter in the Universe to what is for the best. H. More. Antidote against Atheism, b. ii. c. 2. In which haste and confusion, the greatest of their galliasses fell foule vpon another ship, and lost her rudder, so that guideless she droue with the tyde vpon a shelue in the shoare of Callis, where she was assaulted by the English. Speed. Queen Elizabeth, b. ix. c. 24. an. 1588. And as on high Those rolling fires discover but the sky. Dryden. Religio Laici. A king is sought to guide the growing State, One able to support the public weight, And fill the throne where Romulus had sate. Id. Ovid. Metam. b. xv. He, for my sake, the raging ocean try'd And wrath of Heaven, my still auspicious guide, And bore beyond the strength decrepit age supply'd. Id. Virgil. Eneis, b. vi. A submissive and guidable spirit, a disposition easy to all. Sprat. Sermon before the King, (1676) p. 11. Since Wisdom's sacred guidance he pursues, Give to the stranger guest a stranger's dues. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. viii. Here we have three sorts of men, 1. Carnal, i. e. such as are sway'd by fleshly passions and interests: 2. Animal, i. e. such as seek wisdom, or a way to happiness only by the strength and guidance of their own natural parts, without any supernatural light coming from the Spirit of God, i. e. by reason without Revelation, by philosophy without Scripture: 3. Spiritual.-Locke. Paraphrase on 1 Cor. c. 3. Note on v. 1. Th' ambitious Swede, like restless billows tost, Dryden. Astraæa Redux. His guideless youth, if thy experienc'd age Whereby he and the said bishop constituted one Simon Warner, to be guider and keeper of the house, or hospital, of our blessed Lady and St. Clement, without St. Austin's gate, in Norwich.-Strype. Life of Archbishop Parker, b. iii. c. 20. I will take, therefore, a middle course, and confine myself to short observations on those crimes only, of which the prisoners are specifically accused, so as to assist your recollection, and guide your judgment in finding or rejecting the several Bills, that will, I know, be presented to you.-Sir W. Jones. Charge to the Grand Jury at Calcutta, Dec. 4, 1788. Women are very sensible of this; for which reason, they learn to lisp, to totter in their walk, to counterfeit weakness, and even sickness. In all this they are guided by nature. Beauty in distress, is the most affecting beauty. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful, pt. iii. s. 9. Common sense, or that share and species of understanding which Nature has bestowed on the greater part of men, is, when competently improved by education, and assisted by Divine grace, the safest guide to certainty and happiness. V. Knox. Essays, No. 61. I have not thought of it slightly; I at least understand enough of it to enable me to form for my own guidance, (and that is all I aim at) not an obscure, not an hesitating, but a clear and determined judgment. Anecdotes of Bp. Watson, vol. ii. p. 70. GUILD. A. S. Gild; Dut. Gilde, GUILDABLE. gulde; Ger. Gilde, a society; from A. S. Gild-an, to yield or pay; and so called, says Skinner, quia collegæ pecuniam pro communi sumtu contribuunt. See in Spelman, Gloss. Arch. And see the quotations from Pennant and Blackstone. Guild then is A payment or contribution, a tax, and consequentially, those who pay or contribute; a society, a fraternity. Guild is also applied to the place where the society met. Paying to them that haue saued and kept the same couenable for their trauaile, that is to say, by the discretion of the shirifes & bailifes, or other our ministers in the places guildable.-Rastall. Collection of Statutes, p. 279. The roome was large and wide Spenser Faerie Queene. b. ii. c. 7. Cupid hath ta'ne offence of late B. Jonson. Masques. Chloridia. Every town hath not a guild-hall, a sessions-house, a cockpit, or a play-house fit for such a multitude.-Spelman. Apology for a Treatise De Non Temerandis Ecclesiis. Commissions were next given to examine the state of the chantries and guildable lands. Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1549. After this she went into Guildhall, and there gave an account of her message to Wiat, and his answer. Id. Ib. an. 1554. It was originally governed by a guild and guild-master. which were the origin of corporations, and took rise before the time of the conquest; the name being Saxon, signifying a fraternity, which unites and flings its effects into a com mon stock, and is derived from gildan, to pay. A guild wa a public feast, to commemorate the time of the institution and the guild-hall the place in which the fraternity as sembled.-Pennant. Journey from Chester. Lichfield. Gild signified among the Saxons a fraternity, derived from the verb gildan, to pay, because every man paid his share towards the expenses of the community. And hence their place of meeting is frequently called the guild or guildhall Blackstone. Commentaries, vol. i. p. 473. GUILDER, or A coin, q.d. nummus av Gilder. reus seu deauratus, unless perhaps from Geldria; nummus Geldricus. The guilder of Holland was worth 2s. 4d. Eng. lish. Who gave to me bycause I was so prest Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre. Shakespeare. Comedy of Errors, Act iv. sc. 1. Bob. A Fleming, by heaven. Ile buy them for a guider a piece, an' I would have a thousand of them. B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act iii. sc. 1. The salary of a Burgomaster of Amsterdam is but fre hundred guilders a year, though there are offices worth five thousand in their disposal. Sir W. Temple. On the United Provinces, c. 1 The adjacent shores are formed into districts, and farmed out to companies of fishermen, some of which are rented f six thousand guilders, or near three hundred pounds per annum.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Sturgeon. 46 GUILE, v. A. S. Wiglian. Hario GUILE, n. lari, augurari, divinare, conGUILEFUL. jecturare, to conjecture, to GUILEFULLY. gesse, to divine; item, fasci GUILELESS. nare, incantare, præstrinGurler. gere, to bewitch, to enchant, GUILT. to juggle, to use sorcery, to GUILTLESS. cast a mist before. Belg's, GUILTLESSLY. Wiechelen, wiichelen," (SomGUILTLESSNESS. ner.) From wiglian we have GUILTY. to wile; the usual prefix ge GUILTILY. forms ge-wiglian, whence we GUILTINESS. have guile. "In the A.S. Wiglian, be-wiglian, ge-wiglian, means to conjure, to divine, and, consequentially, to practise cheat, imposture, and enchantment," (Tooke.) to delude; to practise delusion, give a false colour To guile, to cheat, to impose upon, to deceive, or appearance to. "Guilt is ge-wig-led, guiled, guil'd, guilt; the past part. of ge-wiglian: and to find guilt in any one, is to find that he has been guiled, or, as we now say, beguiled; as wicked means witched or be witched. wicked." Guilt, in our legal proceedings, is as To pronounce guilt is to pronounce cribed to the instigation of the devil. A guilty man, then, is evil, commit injustice or iniquity, wickedness; a One who has been beguiled to do wrong, to do crime, a sin: one who has done so; without reference to the guile or deception. So that at Quedesle, withoute the town to mile, Id. p. 336 In alle manere cause he sought the righte in skille, To gile no to fraude wild he neuer tille. R. Brunne, p. 128. Id. p. 129. Id. p. 112. And seide to here a chartre That gyle hath gyve to falsnesse.-Piers Plouhman, p. 27. - The olde lawe techeth That gylours beth by gylid. and in here gyle falle. Gut ich for gyue the this gult. Ich gulty in gost to god ich me shryve. And in the mean time, contrary to the mind of God, ye But swearinge, lyinge, manslaughter, thefte, and advou- Wyll is our justice well you wot, Gascoigne. Flowers. The Arraignment of a Louer. She, not with an unshaken magnanimity, wherewith Id. P. 45. Id. p. 96. Jhesus sigh Nathanael comynge to him, and seide to him, o verili a man of Israel, in whom is no gile. Wiclif. Jon, c. 1. Jesus saw Nathanaell comminge to hym, and sayde of im, Beholde a ryght Israelyte, in whom is no gyle. Bible, 1551. Ib. The throte of hem is an open sepulchre, with her tungis hei diden gilefulli the venym of snakis is undir her lippis. Wiclif Romaynes, c. 3. In the laste tymes there schulen come gilours wandringe ftir hir owne desires, not in pitee.-Id. Judas, c. 2. And God was in Crist recounceilinge to him the world, not ettynge to hem her giltis, and puttide in us the word of reounceilyng.-Id. 2 Corynth. c. 5. And Pylate seynge that he profytide nothing, but that he more noyse was maad toke water and waschide his ondis bifore the puple & seide I am giltles of the blood of his rightful man, by see you.-Id. Matthew, c. 27. What semith to you? and thei answerden and seiden he gilly of deth.-Id. Ib. c. 26. For what worde that hem pricketh or biteth In that worde none of hem deliteth All were it Gospell the Euangile Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. In vaine he feares that which he cannot shonne Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 4. That shortly shee Malbecco has forgot, So cunningly she wrought her crafts assay, Thus wretchedly (lo!) this guile-man dyde, No longer there thought to abide, Id. Ib. c. 11. Both hosts perceiv'd her, and thro' horse and man Lewis. Statius. Thebaid, b. ix. But sure it is, was ne'er a subtler band First, never in any case to act contrary to the perswasion and conviction of our conscience. For that certainly is a great sin, and that which properly offends the conscience and renders us guilty; guilt being nothing else but trouble arising in our minds, from a consciousness of having done contrary to what we are verily perswaded was our duty: and though perhaps this perswasion is not always well grounded, yet the guilt is the same so long as the perswasion continues; because every man's conscience is a kind of God to him, and accuseth or absolves him according to the present perswasion of it.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 38. Of those let him the guilty roll commence, Who has betray'd a master and a prince. Dryden. Suum Cuique. For my part, when I consider the apostle's command, "Be ye angry, and sin not," I cannot but apprehend, that when our passions swell into excess, they are indeed contaminated by the guiltiness of their productions, but confer not on them a meritoriousness, which themselves want. Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 12. Arguments against Christianity, be they serious or ludi- Not more aghast the matrons of renown, Churchill. The Candidate. But home to the empresse his mother hasteth he. Yet that his guilt the greater may appeare, I will awhile with his first folly beare, Till thou have tride againe, and tempted him more neare. Whose manly hands imbrued in guilty blood praiseworthy or culpable.-Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 2. They invented a considerable number of methods of purgation or trial, to preserve innocence from the danger of false witnesses, and in consequence of a notion that God would always interpose miraculously to vindicate the guiltless.-Id. Ib. c. 27. One cannot but be astonished at the folly and impiety of pronouncing a man guilty, unless he was cleared by a Id. Ib. b. i. c. 7. miracle; and of expecting that all the powers of Nature should be suspended, by an immediate interposition of Providence to save the innocent, whenever it was presumptuously required.-Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 2. The satire should be like the porcupine, Bp. Hall, b. v. Sat. 3. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 76. But all the floore (too filthy to be told) When we can goe to rest without alarm Beaum. & Fletch. The Custom of the Countrey, Act iv. Britain, by thee we fell, ungrateful isle! Swift. On the Drying up of St. Patrick's Well. GUILLOTINE, An instrument for the infliction of capital punishment, proposed to the National Assembly of France by a physician, M. Guillotine, of Lyons, and from him it received its name: his project was adopted by a decree of the 20th of March, 1792. It appears to be very similar in construction to the Maiden formerly used at Halifax, in Yorkshire. (See Holinshed's Description of England, c. 11.) Evelyn (Memoirs, vol. i. p. 170) states that he saw an instrument of destruction in use at Naples, which he calls "a frame, like ours at Halifax." You have rendered yourself famous by writing a book called-The Rights of Man :-had you been guillotined by Robespierre with this title, written in French, English, and German, and affixed to the guillotine-Thomas Paine of America, Author, &c. &c. Bp. Watson. An Apology for the Bible, Let. 7. GUINEA. The gold coin so called, because first coined of the gold brought from the Guinea coast, GUINEA-HEN. } The fowl; because found and introduced from Guinea. See the quotation from Pinkerton. Th' Ionian god-wit, nor the Ginny-hen Could not goe downe my belly then B. Jonson. The Praises of a Countrey Life. And he now swore, upon his own knowledge, that both Coleman and Wakeman were in the plot; that Coleman had given eighty guineas to four ruffians, that went to Windsor last summer, to stab the king.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1678. Who can the various city frauds recite, Gay. Trivia, b. iii. The natives of those islands call [them] Gallena Pintada, or the painted hen; but in Jamaica, where I have seen also those birds in the dry Savannahs and woods (for they love to run about in such places,) they are called Guinea hens. Dampier. Voyage, an. 1699. These were driven off at last by a lap-dog, who was succeeded by a Guinea pig, a squirrel, and a monkey. Guardian, No. 106. The Guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663 and to go for 20s. : but it never went for less then 21s., by tacit and universal consent.-Pinkerton. On Medals, vol. ii. s. 19. GUISE. A. S. Wise; Fr. Guise; It. and Sp. Guisa; Dut. Ghiise, wiise. See WISE, and Dis More 10ylife than the byrde in Maie: He maketh him euer fresshe and gaie, And doth all his araie disguyse So that of hym the newe guyse Of lusty folke all other take.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. But it is not their guise to looke on the order of any text, but as they find it in their doctours so alledge they it, and so vnderstad it.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 168. Yet had nature taught hir after gise Wyatt. Of the mean and sure Estate. Suddeine they see from midst of all the maine The surging waters like a mountaine rise, And the great sea puft up with proud disdaine But being bred under base shepheard's wings, Id. Ib. b. vi. c. 9. Not so (quoth he) pardy it's not the guise Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. vi. s. 33. In easy notes, and guise of lowly swain, "Twas thus he charm'd and taught the listening train. Parnell. The Gift of Poetry. Bashful she bends, her well-taught look aside Turns in enchanting guise, where dubious mix Vain conscious beauty, a dissembled sense Of modest shame, and slippery looks of love. Thomson. Liberty, pt. iv. GUITAR. Fr. Guitare, cistre; It. Chitara, citara, cetra; Sp. Guitarra; Lat. Cithara; Gr. Κιθαρα. See CITHERN. I have by sundry persons who have seen him, been told of a baboon, that would play certain lessons upon a gittar. Digby. Of Bodies, c. 37. Their enemies, coming against them with guitars and harpsichords, set them so upon their round o's and minuets, that the form of the battle was broken, and three hundred thousand of them slain.-King. Art of Cookery, Let. 9. Mr. Thornhill seemed highly delighted with their performance and choice, and then took up the guitar himself. Goldsmith. Vicar of Wakefield, c. 5. They imitated the chants of the church upon guitars, playing forte, and then piano, to represent the priests, sometimes speaking softly, and then aloud. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History. GULCH. Gulch, says Whalley, is a stupid fat-headed fellow. The word occurs in the old You muddy gulch, darest comedy of Lingua; look me in the face?" (Act v. sc. 16.) Skinner calls Gulchin, parvus gulo, and derives it from the Ger. Geck, foolish. You'll see us then; you will, gulch, you will? B. Jonson. Poetaster, Act iii. sc. 4. GULES. Fr. Gueule; Low Lat. Gula. A GU'LED. word, says Du Cange, which our heralds frequently use to denote a red colour in arms or ensigns; Skinner thinks it may be so called from the redness of a cock's throat, (gutturis Galli.) Mr. Steevens, who produces the verb from Heywood, calls it a term in the barbarous jargon peculiar to Heraldry, signifying red. And after him the kynrede of the Burghes, that bere the armes of goules with a white croys. R. Gloucester, p. 484. Note. And if ye passe the batayles thre, The Squire of Low Degree. Ritson, vol. i. But he hadd made one of his capitaynes, a gentle prince, and a valyant in armes, called the Earl of Morrell, beryng in his armes syluer three creylles gowles. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 18. -Old Hecuba's reverend locks Be gul'd in slaughter.-Heywood. The Iron Age, pt. ii. GULF, or GULPH. GU'LPH, V. GU'LPHY. J. Philips. Cider, b. ii. Fr. Golfe, gouffre; Sp. and It. Golfo; Dut. Golpe, gurges, vorago; Golpen, ingurgitare, avide haurire, haustim bibere. The French and Dutch are said by Skinner to be either from the Lat. Gula, the Gr. Koλros, or from the sound; and the last, he thinks, the more probable. Menage decides for the Gr. Koλmos; the Italian and French, however, do not take immediately from the Greek, but through the Latin. The Fr. Gouffre is derived by Wachter from Ger. Gaffen; A. S. Ge-apan, to gape, (qv.) to open. In Norfolk, a mow or bayfull of a barn is called a gulph, and a bay or division of a barn, a gulphstead, goaf-stead, or go-stead, (Grose.) Gulf, or Gulph, is used as equivalent to the Latin words sinus and gurges. A bay; a whirlpool, or "depth that swallows up whatsoever approaches or comes into it." Hast thou not read in bookes of fell Charybdis goulfe, And Scylla's dogs, whom ships do dread as lambes doe feare the woulfe? Turbervile. Pyndara's Answer to Tymetes. And with a drop, a gulf to figure out, Drayton. The Lady Geraldine to the Earl of Surrey. Seba, and Sheba, with the rest that planted Arabia Felix, had Tigris to convey them to the Persian Gulf, which washeth the banks of Arabia Felix on the East side. Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 8. s. 6. Rivers arise; whether thou be the son Of utmost Tweed, or Oose, or gulphy Don. Milton. Vacation Exercise. To this low world he bids the light repair, Down through the gulfs of undulating air. Pitt. Job, c. 25. And gulphy Simoïs, rolling to the main "Relate," Antinous cries, "devoid of guile, Id. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv. GULL, v. GULL, n. GU'LLERY. GU'LLISH. Cowper. Task bi See GUILE. Gull, the noun, is the past tense of the A. S. Gewiglian, to guile or beguile, and means any one guiled or beguiled And upon this past tense the verb is formed. To guile,-to cheat, to impose upon, to de ceive, to delude. Tell them, what parts yo' have ta'en, whence run away Oft in my laughing rimes I name a gull, Sir J. Davis, Epig But leaving these sanguine-inspired seers to the sweet deception and gullery of their own corrupted fancy, lets listen and keep close to him, that can neither deceive, ar be deceived, I mean Christ and his holy Apostles. H. More. Defence of Moral Cabbala, c. 1 And, for your green wound, your balsamum and your St. John's-woort are all meer gulleries, and trash to it. B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Actii. se. 3. Besides this inbred neglect of liberall sciences, and all arts, which should excolere mentem, polish the mine, have most part some gullish humour or other, by which they are led. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy. To the Reader Religion wheedled us to Civil war, Drew English blood, and Dutchmen's now would spare. Be gull'd no longer, for you'll find it true, They have no more Religion, faith! than you. Dryden. Satire on the Dutch So that the manly exercises that used to be among Englishmen, without doors and abroad, began to be laid aside, and turned into glosing, gulling, and whoring, within doers. Strype. Memorials. Edw. FI. an. 1350 Say, should I make a patriot of Sir Bill, P. Whitehead. Messe The bird so called, Skinner thinks ab aviditate, q. d. gulo, gulosus. GULL, n. As touching the guls or sea-cobs, they build in roches and the cormorants both in them, and also in trees. usually lay foure egges a peece. The guls in summer fine but the cormorants in the beginning of the spring. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. For I do feare When euery feather stickes in his owne wing, Lord Timon will be left a naked gull, Which flashes now a phoenix. Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act il se Gulls are found in great plenty in every place; but it: chiefly round our boldest rockiest shores that they are sect in the greatest abundance. It is to such shores as thes that the whole tribe of the gall-kind resort, as the offer them a retreat for their young, and the sea a sufficit. supply. Goldsmith. History of Animated Nature, pt. iii. b. vii. c. Thus wyth cruell warres and great bloud shed the church was torne in peeces, foulye mangled with sciesmes, & choaked with errors, while vnder the colour of wine it gulled n poyson.-Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 76. Theyre passage sodeynely stopped by a greate gul (ingens orago) made with the violence of the streames yt ranne lowne the mountaines, by wearing awaye of the earthe. Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 115. For by fetching of a little compasse about they passed the ollowe gulle (eluvies) and euery man began to be a guyde. Id. Ib. fol. 116. It riseth in Word Forrest, and going by Burstow, it eeteth afterward with another gullet, conteining a small ourse from two seuerall heads. Holinshed. Description of Britaine, c. 11. I have been assured the like of the whole pile of a high istle, standing in a gullet in the course of the winde, amely the castle of Wardour) [by those] who have often en it shake notably in a fierce wind. Digby. Of Bodies, c. 15. For after they have swallowed one morsel, if you look edfastly upon their throat, you will soon see another scend, and run pretty swiftly all along the throat up to the outh, which it could not do unless it were impell'd by the accessive contraction or peristaltick motion of the gullet, ontinually following it.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. ii. The gullet (the passage for food) opens into the mouth ke the cone or upper part of a funnel, the capacity of which rms indeed the bottom of the mouth. Paley. Natural Theology, c. 10. There are parts of the shore interrupted by small vallies id gullies. Cook. Third Voyage, b. iv. c. 4. GULO'SITY. Lat. Gulosus, from gula, the ullet,-gluttony. They are very temperate: seldom offending in ebriety or ccess of drink, nor erring in gulosity or superfluity of meats. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 9. and cleare withall: without any peeces of barke intermingled Man did not know Of gummy blood, which doth in holly grow, The slant lightning, whose thwart flame driv'n down Address'd her early steps to Cynthia's fane, Dryden. Palamon & Arcite. Wiseman. On Surgery, b. viii. Of this we have an instance in the magisteries (as many Dryden. Virgil, Past. 6. Dyer. The Fleece, b. iii. Armstrong. The Art of Preserving Health, b. ii. GUM. A. S. Goma; Dut. Gumme; Ger. Gaum; Sw. Gom. Perhaps, says Wachter, from Gr. Tev-ev, gustare, Tevya, gustus. Junius from To swallow largely; to swallow eagerly, gree-roμpoi, clavi, because the teeth are fixed like nails ily; to take down (sc. the throat) at one swallow. in the gums. GULP, v. Dut. Golpen; Fr. En-gouffrer. Lance. Has he devour'd you too? I have presented the Usurer with a richer draught than And oft as he can catch a gulp of air, GUM, v. * GU'MMOUS. GUMMY. GUMMINESS. A. S. Goma; Fr. Gomme, gommer; It. Gomma; Sp. Goma; Dut. Gumme; Ger. Gomme; Lat. Gummi; Gr. Koμui. unknown origin. See the first quotation from Holland's Plinie. Of To come now unto the gumbs of children, and their These, by receiving the appulse of the two incisors or Let us next take a short view of the teeth. In which I find upon enquiry, that the person whose tooth had been placed in my gums, was labouring under a complication of the filthiest of diseases, and that the tooth inoculated them all on me.-Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 58. GUN, v. GUNNER. With grisly soune out goeth the great gunne. And as with gonnes we kill the crowe Gascoigne. Praise of his Mistress. To Richard Fawken', gonr, by if warraunts, cole powdre, M,viiic, gone powdr, i barrell, gone stones of iron v, gone stones of stone v, saltpetre in flowr viim ccc, brem stone in flowr, MM,ccc.-Lodge. Illustrations of British History. Orden'nce and Artilery, &c. Hick, Hobbe, and Dick, with clouts vpon their knee Alon. There is less danger in 't than gunning, Sanchio, Beaum. & Fletch. Rule a Wife and have a Wife, Act i. Sometimes we put a new signification to an old word, as when we call a piece a gun. The word gun was in use in England for an engine, to cast a thing from a man, long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden. Table Talk. Language. There was found aboord the same ships, a maister gunner, that sometime had serued the Englishmen at Calis, when Sir Hugh Caluerlie was lieutenant there; also diuerse great guns and engins to beat downe wals were found and taken in the same ships, with a great quantitie of powder that was more worth than all the rest. Holinshed. Chronicle of England. Rich. II. an. 1386. Archery is now dispossessed by gunnery, how iustly, let others iudge.-Camden. Remains. Artillarie. that thereby was meant also rigging and gunning. Marvell. Let. to the Corporation of Hull, Let. 172. Ninion Saunders, master to the sayd Gilbert Pot, and John Owen, a gunmaker, both gunners of the Tower, comming from the Tower of London by water in a whirrie, and shooting London Bridge towards the Blacke Fryers, were drowned at S. Mary Lock.-Stow. Edw. VI. an. 1553. They made a long lane on both sides like a gallerie, couered all ouer head, to shield as well their horssemen as their footmen from gunshot Holinshed. Chronicle of Ireland, an. 1534. It [the wall-nut] is of singular account with the joyner, for the best grained and coloured wainscot; with the gunsmith for stocks.-Evelyn. On Forest Trees, c. 7. s. 4. And tell the pleasant Prince, this mocke of his Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 2. And they tell me, that the Leghorne guns are often heard 60 miles off, at Porto Ferraio; that when the French bombarded Genoa, they heard it near Leghorne 90 miles distant: and in the Messina insurrection, the guns were heard from thence as far as Augusta and Syracuse, about 100 Italian miles.-Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 3. Note 27. It was two days before I went ashoar, and then I was importuned by the governour to stay there, to be gunner of this fort; because the gunner was lately dead. Dampier. Voyage, an. 1690. I must in the first place observe, that the words gunner and gunster are not to be used promiscuously; for a gunner, properly speaking, is not a gunster; nor is a gunster, vice versa, a gunner; they both, indeed, are derived from the word gun, and so far they agree.-Tatler, No. 88. Gun, the noun, formerly written Gon, is the past part. of Gynian, hiare, (to yawn, GUNNERY. Tooke.) Minshew derives from GUNNAL, or the Lat. Canna, (whence Cannon GU'NWALE. in Eng. Fr. and It.) Junius GU'NSTER. from Kovaßos, strepitus. It is A man would haue pity undoubtedly, as Selden observes, an old word To see how she is gumbed with a new application; and receiving this appliFingered and thumbed.-Skelton. Elinour Rumming. cation from what Drummond in his madrigal, Milton uses They burn sweet gums and spices or perfumes, and plea- The Cannon, calls her gaping throat. sant smells, and sprinkle about sweet ointments and waters, expressions equally characteristic," their mouths yea, they haue nothing undone that maketh for the cherish-gaping with hideous orifice," and "those deep selves sate securely at home out of gun-shot, but would ing of the company.-More. Utopia, b. ii. c. 5. Her lewde lyppes twayne They slauer men sayne Lyke a ropye rayne A gummy glayre.-Skelton. Elinour Rumming. Or bleaching their hands at midnight, gumming, and bridling their beards, or making their waste small, &c. B. Jonson. Discoveries. The best gum in all men's judgment, is that which commeth of the Egyptian thorne Acacia, having veines within of checker worke, or trailed like wormes, of colour greenish, throated engines." It is literally a yawning en- Of gynne, gonne, nor skaffaut.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. Went this foule trumpes soun Id. House of Fame, b. iii. The Parliament had done very wisely, in the entrance into dangerous part of it, that the nation might see that they did not intend to embark them in perils of war, whilst themmarch with them where the danger most threatened. Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. ii. p. 567. the war, to engage many members of their own in the most Great hath been the contention amongst the learned about fire and venom in gun-shot wounds; some maintaining the one to be in them, some the other; and others holding that there is neither.-Wiseman. On Surgery, b. vi. But in general, the employment of a poet is like that of a curious gunsmith or watchmaker: the iron or silver is not his own, but they are the least part of that which gives the value; the price lies wholly in the workmanship. Dryden. Mock Astrologer, Pref. The first rope going athwart from gunnal to gunnal, which when the rowers' benches are laid, bind the boats so hard against the end of the benches, that they cannot easily fall asunder.-Dampier. Voyage, an. 1699. From the earliest dawnings of policy to this day, the invention of men has been sharpening and improving the mystery of murder, from the first rude essays of clubs and stones, to the present perfection of gunnery, cannoneering, bombarding, mining, &c.-Burke. Vindic. of Nat. Society. Those things we brought away, leaving in the room of them medals, gun-flints, a few nails, and an old empty barrel with the iron hoops on it. They seem to be quite ignorant of every sort of metal.-Cook. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 7. J. Christopher Tanuer, of Saxe Gotha, came to England about 1733, and had practised carving and graving for snuffboxes, gun-locks, and in mother of pearl. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. p. 219. The exportation of unmanufactured brass, of what is called gun-metal, bell metal, and shroff-metal, still continues to be prohibited. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 8. As soon as I could get quit of them, they were conducted into the gun-room, where I left them, and set out with two boats to examine the head of the bay. Cook. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 4. Many of these trees are from six to eight and ten feet in girt, and from sixty to eighty, or one hundred feet in length, large enough to make a mainmast for a fifty gun-ship. Id. Second Voyage, b. i. c. 5. The gun-wale boards were also frequently carved in a grotesque taste, and adorned with tufts of white feathers placed upon a black ground.—Id. First Voyage, b. ii. c. 10. GURGE. Lat. Gurges, a gulf, or whirlpool. In gurging gulfe of these such surging seas, Hee with a crew, whom like Ambition joyns To emit such or a similar sound. Gurgle, the The west part of the land was high browed, much like the head of a gurnard.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. Falst. If I be not asham'd of my souldiers, I am a sowc'tgurnet.-Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Hen. IV. Act iv. sc. 2. We likewise got a few soles and flounders; two sorts of gurnards, one of them a new species. Cook. Third Voyage, b. ii. c. 6. GUSH, v. Goth. Giutan; A. S. Geot-an; GUSH, n. Dut. Gosselen, ghiet-en, Ger. Gies A. S. Gyte; Ger. Guss, sen. fluere, to flow. inundatio, an inundation. He lives, but takes small ioy of his renowne; Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 5. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. v. Beneath the brain the point a passage tore, Id. Ib. Iliad, b. xvi. Of essence rare ; In filgran casset to repel Evelyn. The Ladies' Dressing Room. GUST, n. A stronger or more violent wind GU'STY. Sor blast, (Skinner,) who derives from the Ger. Giessen. It is perhaps gushed, gusht, gust. See GUSH. The said season being passed, there is no danger or diffculty to keep it gustful all the year long. Digby. Of the Power of Sympañj. No gustless or unsatisfying offal. Browne. Miscellanies, p. 18. By cares depress'd in pensive hyppish mood, affects the glands and parts of the mouth. A blind man cannot conceive colours, but either as some A strong and sudden rush or blast (of wind), audible, guetable, odorous or tactile qualities. met.-of passion. From which Cape of Comori vnto the aforesayd ilands we ranne in sixe dayes with a very large wind, though the weather were foule with extreme raine and gustes of windes. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 105. In which time wee had store of snowe with some gustie weather, the wind continuing still at West North-West against us.-Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 845. When suddenly doth rise a rougher gale, Of which discord grew, For once, vpon a rawe and gustie day, Shakespeare. Julius Cæsar, Act i. sc. 2. Perpetual showers, and stormy gusts confine The willing ploughman, and December warns To annual jollities. J. Philips. Cider, b. ii. A fresher gale Begins to wave the wood, and stir the stream, Sweeping with shadowy gust the fields of corn. Thomson. Autumn. Fair was the blossom, soft the vernal sky; Elate with hope we deem'd no tempest nigh: When lo, a whirlwind's instantaneous gust Left all its beauties withering in the dust.-Beattie. Elegy. To flow, pour, or rush forth; suddenly, copiously. Loe in my dreame before mine eies, methought, GU'STFULNESS. GU'STLESS. Then his food doth taste savourily, then his divertise ments and recreations have a lively gustfulness, then his sleep is very sound and pleasant; according to that of the preacher, the sleep of the labouring man is sweet. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 19. He is not at all the better for them, because he is act of the capacity of enjoying them; he feels no relish or gask in them. Sharpe, vol. vi. Ser. 3. Set yourself on designing after the ancient Greeks:because they are the rule of beauty, and give us a good gusto.-Dryden. Dufresnoy, Note 510. GUT, v. Goth. Giutan; A. S. Geot-an; Dut. GUT, n. Ghieten; Ger. Giessen; to flow, to pour forth, Dut. Gote, canalis. Junius derives from the A. S. Geot-an, effundere. Minshew, the Eng. Gut, from the Dut. Ghieten, quia recrementa corporis per intestina effunduntur. That through which any thing flows or pours forth; the guts of an animal; the G of Gibraltar. To gut, to draw out the guts, the bowels: generally, to empty. And thoru ys wombe smot a knyf, and ys goffes to drog Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,519. His eye upon the foe that fell before, Against full fatted bulls As forceth kyndled yre the lyons keen; Yncertaine Auctors. The Death of Zeress. Their numbers [pilchards] are incredible, imploying a power of poor people in polling. (that is beheading.) gating, splitting, powdering, and drying them; and then (by the name of Fumadoes) with oyle and a lemon, they are reat for the mightiest Don in Spain.-Fuller. Worthies. Cornwall |