let those who send us dreams of nights most free from gross humours rank first in honour, and have a golden beard given them.' Yes, gold has driven out Numa's crockery and the brass of good old Saturn; it supersedes the Vestal urns and the Etruscan pottery. O ye souls that cleave to earth and have nothing heavenly in you! how can it answer to introduce the spirit of the age into the temple-service, and infer what the gods like from this sinful pampered flesh of ours? The flesh it is that has got to spoil wholesome oil by mixing casia with it-to steep Calabrian wool in purple that was made for no such use; that has made us tear the pearl from the oyster, and separate the veins of the

respicit, quod pleraque ad religionem spectantia habuerunt Romani ab Etruscis?' (Casaubon.) Why not both?

61. in terras, for which Jahn restores ' in terris,' is supported by one or two good MSS. and by Lactant. I D. 2. 2, and is recommended by the sense. Jahn compares Hor. 2 S. 2. 77 'Affigit humo divinae particulam aurae:' but the language rather suggests such passages as Ov. Met. 1. 84 'Pronaque cum spectant,' etc., which the old commentators compare.

inanes, with genitive, 'inane lymphae Dolium fundo pereuntis imo' Hor. 3 Od. II. 26, quoted by Jahn. The expression 'coelestium inanes' resembles Heu steriles veri' 5. 75.

62. Jahn reads quid iuvat hoc from three good MSS.; but 'hos nostros,' which is found in the great majority of MSS., including the oldest, is supported by 'hac scelerata pulpa,' 'sapere nostrum hoc' 6. 38.

pulpa is a remarkable word, coinciding as does with the Christian language about the flesh, especially when coupled with the epithet 'scelerata;' 'caro mollis et enervis,' Jahn, who compares Auson. Epist. 4. 93 Nec fas est mihi regio magistro Plebeiam numeris docere pulpam,' as if they were so much animal

matter.

64. 'Alba nec Assyrio fucatur lana veneno, Nec casia liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi' Virg. G. 2. 465.

sibi, to gratify itself-pointing the contrast with 'bona Dis.'

65. Calabrum. Jahn quotes Columella 7. 2 Generis eximii Milesias, Calabras, Apulasque (lanas) nostri existimabant, earumque optimas Tarentinas.'

vitiato, spoiled,' because changed from its proper use. The evil done is brought out more forcibly when it is asserted that both the natural products suffer from the violation of their natures. In Hom. Il. 4. 141, to which Jahn refers, μιαίνειν probably only means to stain, though Virgil in his imitation (Aen. 12. 67) has violaverit ostro.'

6

66. bacam, a common word for a pearl; diluit insignem bacam' Hor. 2 S. 3. 241, here used perhaps to indicate the relation of the pearl to the shell, as that of a berry to a tree. Socrudo de pulvere' implies an interference with the processes of nature for the sake of luxury. Aurum irrepertum et sic melius situm, Cum terra celat' Hor. 3 Od. 3. 49.

rasisse implies violence, such as was necessary to separate the pearl. 'Crassescunt etiam in senecta conchisque adhaerescunt, nec his avelli queunt nisi lima' Plin. 9. 35. 54, quoted by Lubin.

stringere, to strip or tear,' like stringere folia, gladium,' etc., a

ferventis massae crudo de pulvere iussit.
peccat et haec, peccat: vitio tamen utitur. at vos
dicite, pontifices, in sancto quid facit aurum?
nempe hoc quod Veneri donatae a virgine pupae.
quin damus id superis, de magna quod dare lance
non possit magni Messallae lippa propago:
conpositum ius fasque animo sanctosque recessus
mentis et incoctum generoso pectus honesto.
haec cedo ut admoveam templis et farre litabo.

crudus apparently expresses the natural state of the slag or scoria, as opposed to coquere,' the process of fusing the metal. Plin. 33. 6. 31 has 'crudaria vena argenti,' which Freund explains 'a vein lying directly on the surface in a mine.'

68. utitur, 'gets the benefit of,' nearly synonymous with fruitur,' with which it is often coupled. Utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est' Cic. N. D. 1. 37. 103. Soutar' 6. 22.

69. Recte pontifices compellat, penes quos omnium sacrorum cura, et a quibus sacerdotum omnium collegia pendebant.' Casaubon. Whether sacro or sancto should be read is doubtful. The latter,

70. a om.

70

75

which Jahn adopts, is the reading of most
MSS., but the former is found in some of
the best, while others of the same class
have 'sco.' Lampridius (A.D. 293) quotes
the passage, Alex. Sev. 44 in sanctis
q. f. a.'
A few MSS. have templo:' ob-
viously an interpretation. 'Sacrum sacrove
commendatum qui clepsit rapsitve parri-
cida esto' Cic. Leg. 2. 9. 22, where 'sacro'
appears to mean a temple, like iepóv.

quid facit 'what is its business?' almost quid prodest,' like 'plurimum facit' Quintil. 6. 4. 8.

70. Solebant enim virgines antequam nuberent quaedam virginitatis suae dona Veneri consecrare, hoc et Varro scribit Scholiast. Jahn compares 5. 31 'bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit,' König Hor. 1 S. 5. 66 Donasset iamne catenam Ex voto Laribus.' So the sailor, Hor. I Od. 5. 16, hangs up the clothes, and the lover, 3 Od. 26. 3 foll., the harp, etc., with which he has now done.

71. Quin tu desinis' 4. 14.

de magna, etc. Jahn compares Ov. Ep. 4. 8. 39 Nec quae de parva dis pauper libat acerra Tura minus grandi quam data lance valent.' 'Lancibus et pandis fumantia reddimus exta Virg. G. 2.

glowing ore from their primitive slag.

- yes, it sins; but it takes something by its sinning; but you, reverend pontiffs, tell us what good gold can do in a holy place. Just as much or as little as the dolls which a young girl offers to Venus. Give we rather to the gods such an offering as great Messalla's bleareyed representative has no means of giving even out of his great dish duty to God and man well blended in the mind, purity in the shrine of the heart, and a racy flavour of nobleness pervading the bosom. Let me have these to carry to the temple, and a handful of meal shall win me acceptance.

194, probably the kind of offering glanced at by Persius. With the ironical repetition 'magna-magni' compare Hor. I S. 6. 72 Magni Quo pueri, magnis e centurionibus orti.' Porrectum magno magnum spectare catino Vellem' Hor. 2 S. 2.39.

72. Messallae lippa propago, 'Cottam Messalinum dicit, qui tam vitiosos oculos in senectute habuit, ut palpebrae eius in exteriorem partem verterentur. Fuit enim et multis deditus vitiis' Scholiast. L. Aurelius Cotta Messalinus was son of M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (Hor. I S. 10. 85, A. P. 371), and was adopted by his maternal uncle, L. Aurelius Cotta. He is mentioned more than once by Tacitus, who calls him (Ann. 6. 7) 'nobilis quidem, sed egens ob luxum, per flagitia infamis,' and is enumerated by Plin. 10. 22. 27 among famous epicures, so that Persius doubtless gives him the epithet 'lippus' in order to note his excesses.

73. 'Fas et iura sinunt' Virg. G. 1. 269, divine and human law.

conpositum seems to mean harmonized or adjusted, so that each takes its proper place in the mind.

sanctos, apparently a predicate, 'the recesses of the mind unstained.'

recessus mentis, φρει ῶν μύχος, Theocr. 29. 3, Jahn. 'Ex adyto tanquam cordis responsa dedere' Lucr. I. 737.

74. incoctum = 'imbutum coxit' v. 65.

honestum is Cicero's translation of TÒ Kаλóv, defined by him, Fin. 2. 14. 45 'honestum id intellegimus, quod tale est ut, detracta omni utilitate, sine ullis praemiis fructibusve per se ipsum possit iure laudari,' here used with an epithet, as in Lucan. 2. 389 'rigidi servator honesti' quoted by Jahn.

75. cedo. 'Cedo ut bibam' Plaut. Most. 2. 1. 26, 'cedo ut inspiciam' id. Curc. 5. 2. 54.

admovere, a sacrificial word. 'Nec nos sacrilegos templis admovimus ignes' Tib. 3. 5. II. Admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris' Virg. Aen. 12. 171; Tac. Ann. 2. 69; Suet. Cal. 32; Lucan I. 608, where see Cortius' note (Jahn), 7. 165. 'Obmovere' was also used in the same sense: obmoveto pro admoveto dicebatur apud antiquos' Fest. p. 202, Müll.

farre litabo, after Hor. 3 Od. 22. 19' Mollivit aversos Penates Farre pio et saliente mica,' i. e. with the 'mola salsa.' 'Mola tantum salsa litant qui non habent tura' Plin. praef. II. (Freund.)

Е

SATURA III.

'NEMPE hoc adsidue' iam clarum mane fenestras intrat et angustas extendit lumine rimas: stertimus indomitum quod despumare Falernum sufficiat, quinta dum linea tangitur umbra.

en quid agis? siccas insana canicula messes

5

iam dudum coquit et patula pecus omne sub ulmo est.'

unus ait comitum. ' verumne? itane? ocius adsit

huc aliquis! nemon?' turgescit vitrea bilis :

'findor'-ut Arcadiae pecuaria rudere dicas.

I. bec.

An appeal to the young and well-to-do, against sloth and for earnestness—said by the Scholiast to be imitated from the 4th book of Lucilius.

1-9. Eleven o'clock, and still sleeping off last night's debauch, while everything is broiling out of doors!' 'Is it so late? I'll get up here, somebody!' He gets into a passion because no one comes.

.

I. A young man of wealth is wakened by one of his companions-'comites,' a wide term, including tutors, (Virg. Aen. 5. 545 Custodem .. comitemque,' 9. 649; Suet. Tib. 12 'comitis et rectoris eius'), as well as associates of the same age (Virg. Aen. 10. 703 Aequalem comitemque'): they seem, however, in both cases to have been selected by the youth's relatives, and to have been themselves of inferior rank. 'Comes' 1. 54 is quite

different.

Hoc

has somewhat better MS.

SATIRE III.

'Is this always the order of the day, then?

Here is full morning coming through the window-shutters, and making the narrow crevices look larger with the light; yet we go on snoring, enough to carry off the fumes of that unmanageable Falernian, while the shadow is crossing the fifth line on the dial. What do you mean to do? The mad dog's star is already baking the crops dry, and the cattle have all got under cover of the elm.' The speaker is one of my lord's companions. Really? you don't mean it? Hallo there, somebody, quick? Nobody there?' The glass of his bile is expanding. I'm splitting 'till you would think all the herds in Arcadia were setting up a bray.

' umbra,' though it more properly belongs to 'linea,' just as in Aesch. Ag. 504 dekáty σε φέγγει τῷδ ̓ ἀφικόμην ἔτους it is the tenth year that is really meant.

linea, of the sun-dial, 'Nec congruebant ad horas eius lineae' Plin. 7. 60. 60.

The fifth hour was the time of 'prandium.' Sosia, prandendum est: quartam iam totus in horam Sol calet: ad quintam flectitur umbra notam' Aus. Eph. L. O. C. I foll. quoted by Gifford.

5. En quid ago?' Virg. Aen. 4. 534. siccas with coquit.'

insana canicula, with an allusion, of course, to the madness of the animal. 'Iam Procyon furit, Et stella vesani Leonis' Hor. 3 Od. 29. 18 'rabiem Canis et momenta Leonis, Cum semel accepit solem furibundus acutum' 1 Ep. 10. 16.

6. Iam pastor umbras cum grege languido Rivumque fessus quaerit' Hor. 3 Od.

1.c.

Nunc etiam pecudes umbras et frigora captant' Virg. E. 2. 8.

8. Nemon, oleum feret ocius? ecquis Audit? cum magno blateras clamore furisque' Hor. 2 S. 7. 34, König. Jahn well remarks, 'qui ipse desidiosus tempus suum perdidit, excandescit cum non statim accurrit servus.'

vitrea bilis, a translation of vaλwdns Xoλn, the expression in the Greek medical writers (Casaubon), 'splendida bilis' Hor. 2 S. 3. 141. Casaubon quotes a Stoic definition, χόλος ἐστὶν ὀργὴ διοιδοῦσα.

9. Finditur' (bilis), the common reading, is found only in a few of the later MSS.

findor ut was restored by Casaubon, and is recalled by Jahn, though doubtfully, as he confesses its difficulty, and apparently inclines to Hauthal's conj. 'findimur.' 'Findor,' 'I am bursting,' is supported by