Showing the Ann al Premiums for a deterred Annuity of IV. The Premiums to be forfeited if the party die before attaining the given age. Present Age. Annuity to commence at the age of Premiums to be returned if the insured die or discontinue the assurance previously to attaining the stipulated Age. 55 60 65 55 65 EXAMPLE 1.-An Annuity of £10 for the remainder of life may be secured by a person now 30 years of age, by paying annually, until he attain the age of 55, the sum of £1. 14s. 5d. What sum must a person, now 30 years old, pay annually till 65, to ceive an Annuity of £10 during the remainder of life.-Ans. 168. 4d, EXAMPLE I-A person at the age of 25, may insure £10 per annum, after 65, by paying £1. 08. 5d yearly till 65. EXAMPLE II-A minister, 30 years of age, is desirous of insuring an Annuity of £10, commence at the age of 60. What must he pay annually till 60; and if he were to die the age of 55, what sum would be returned to his relatives.-Ans. He must pay £198. 3d. per Annum; and in the event of his dying, after he had paid 25 Premiums, his relatives would receive £49. 1s. 3d. TABLE IX.-ENDOWMENTS. Showing the Single and Annual Premiums required to secure £100 upon a child of a given age, attaining the age of 21 years. The Premiums to be returned in case of death, or discontinuance of the Insurance. Age not exceeding TABLE X. Showing the Annual Premiums required to be paid till the age of 10, to secure £20. per annum from 10 to 15. EXAMPLE.-A minister may insure £100 to be paid on his son at- Note. If the child die betore the age of 10 years, all the premiums GLEANINGS. Life prolonged by Civilization.-If we collect Eng land, Germany, and France in one group, we find that the average term of mortality which, in that great and populous region, was formerly 1 in 30 annually, is not at present more than 1 in 38.-This difference reduces the number of deaths thoughout these countries, from 1.900,000 to less than 1,200,000 persons; and .700,000 lives or 1 in 83, owe their preservation to the social ameliorations effected in the three countries of Western Europe, whose efforts to obtain this object have been attended with the greatest success. The life of man is not only embellished in its course by the advancement of civilization, but is extended by it, and rendered less doubtful. The effects of the amelioration of the social condition are to restrain and diminish in proportion to the population the annual number of births, and in a still greater degree the number of deaths; on the contrary, a great number of births, equalled or even exceeded by that of deaths, is a characteristic sign of a state of barbarism.-Philosophical Journal. Entomology-Various provincial newspapers (and the circumstance has been noticed in the metropolis) mention the visitation of myriads of small flies, between the size of the midge and common house-fly, with long wings, which fill the air like locusts, and settle in multitudes upon persons and places around. Near Topsham, Devon, a cloud of similar flies extended nearly three-quarters of a mile in length, and occupied the breadth of the road. Their course was along with the wind from the south-east, and they covered the passengers on their way. Steam Communication with India.-Captain Chesney, the author of a report on the steam navigation of the river Euphrates, printed by order of the House of Commons, and on which the committee of the House has appropriated a sum of £20.000 towards defraying the expenses of an attempt to establish a communication that way with our possessions in India, is building two iron steam vessels, to be landed at Scanderoon (Aleppo,) and carried across to the Euphrates docks on that river, now in preparation; where they will be put together, and navigated to the Persian gulf in April or May next. Ancient Navy of England-In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the salary or fee of the Lord High Admiral was 1331. 6s. 8d. per annum. The Treasurer of the Navy had 2207. 13s. 4d. including the salary of two clerks at 8. per day, and 81. for boat hire. The shipwrights had 12d. per day. Master shipwrights 32/. 6s.8d. The office of storekeeper at Woolwich had a salary of 501. The clerk of the cheque at Chatham had 501, per annum; for extraordinary services 434. 65. 8d.; and for pens. ink, paper, and his travelling expenses to London to deliver his books to the treasurer and other officers, 6l. 13s. 4d.; total, 100/. The clerk of the checque at Woolwich had a shilling a day; at Deptford, 301. per annum; at Portsmonth, 401. and 18. 8d. per annum for stationery. The surveyor of the navy had 1461. 6s. 8d. out of which he paid his two clerks Bd. a-day each. The boatswain of a firstrate had 291. 6s 8d. per annum. A purser of the same 267. 1s. 42. The gunners, who made a profit by stealing the ship's powder, and the purser by stealing the crew's provisions, seem to have had the best posts. The quantities of powder used at sea were enormous. A cannon royal, or 66 pounder, was loaded with 30lbs. of powder. A demi-cannon, which never answered to a modern 32 pounder, was loaded with 18 pounds! This was perhaps owing to the foolish idea, that the more powder, the more execution done. This prejudice still exists. It is in vain that our excellent artillery at this moment, from repeated experiments, show the navy that one-fourth the weight of the shot is much more effective thau the established charge of one-third, which last is amply sufficient for a battering gun. Jack still crams in his full allowance with his two or three balls. What a saving might be made on this head! Half the powder used by Sir Francis Drake against the Armada would have sufficed. Yet, with all their crudities and scanty pay, it may be doubted if more glorious exploits (considering their disadvantages, and the youth of the science of navigation) have been since achieved. Bell or Lancaster System at Athens in 1675.-"Our Janissary proposed to us to go and see a Greek of his acquaintance, who was a didascalos or schoolmaster. We desired no better, and were upon thorns till we were with him: but, alas! how were we disappointed, (who expected nothing but sublime notions of Plato Zeno, and Aristotle,) when the Janissary told us he was a mechanic. How were we surprised to consider a man of that quality should succeed to the place of such excellent persons! We found about thirty young lads sitting upon benches, and their master at the head of them teaching them to read. He rose up when we came in, and received us very civilly, in which to give them their due, that nation is not sparing. The Janissary desired him to go on with his boys, and give us the liberty of seeing his method, which, was pretty, and much beyond ours; the master causing the whole classis to read at a time without confusion, every scholar being obliged to attention, and to mind what his next neighbour reads. They had each of them the same authors, and, for example, if he had thirty scholars, he chose out some continued discourse, and gave them but thirty words to read, the first boy reading the first word, the second boy the second word, and so on. If they read roundly and right, he gave them thirty words more; but if any of the boys were imperfect, he was corrected by the next, who was always very exact in observing him, and he his neighbour, till the whole number of words were read; so that the thirty scholars lying all of them at catch, and ready to take advantage of any defect in their neighbour, stimulated by ambition of being thought the best scholar, every one's lesson was the lesson of all, and happy was he who could say it the best. To obviate any of the scholars eluding that word, or preparing himself for any single word, their places were changed, and he who at one reading was in the first place, was removed a good distance in the next. Thus one lesson was enough for a whole form, how numerous soever; and what was very convenient for the master. the boys were not constrained to come to him one after another, for every one was a master to his neighbour." -L'Athenes de Guilletiere 1675. Volcanic Explosions.-Great guns are heard much further than thunder, or at nearly double the distance. The eight-oclock gun at Demerara is often heard at Cape Batavia, on the west coast of Essequibo, a distance of forty miles. In respect to the intensity of sound, however, there is nothing we are acquainted with that can bear a comparison with the explosions of volcanoes. On the bursting forth of Mount Soufriere, in the island of St. Vincent, on the night of the 1st of May, 1812, the explosions were heard in this colony (Demerara) like reports of cannon, more than five hundred miles from the island. To this fact many people here can testify as well as myself. We are told, indeed, that these explosions were heard even at Cayenne, and the Rio Negro, a distance of about three hundred nautical leagues. Of this I was assured by the natives, as well as by Captain Orosco, the commandant of the fort of Rio Negro. The island of Barbadoes, at noon of this memorable day, was involved in midnight darkness, and the whole surface of the island was covered with the dust or cinders of this substance. I have a specimen which fell upon the deck and sails of a vessel, one hundred and fifty miles from the volcano. In this case it is probable that a continued succession of ignited materials being projected from the mountain, and rarefying the air, an upward dranght was established, which carried the volcanic dust into the higher regions of the atmosphere, whence it was wafted by upper currents, and fell over a vast space around.-Philosophical Magazine, Dr. Hancock. Poisonous Mushrooms. The Norwich papers recently contained a distressing case, of three persons having been killed by eating poisonous mushrooms. If persons are determined to eat such dangerous things without subjecting them to the examination of a competent judge, it may be useful for them to know, that if they will peel an onion and boil it with them, the onion will remain white if they are genuine, and turn black if they are spurious. It may be further observed, that the true mushroom is seldom found in woods or in the shade; it grows chiefly in open pastures, and may be readily distinguished by its fragraut though peculiar odour.Mechanic's Ma gazine. Vegetable Monstrosities.-There is now in our printing-office, for the inspection of the curious in such matters, a very fine specimen of the white globe turnip, of extraordinary size and weight. It was grown on the farm of Balig, the property of the Marquis of Ailsa, occupied by Mr. Fulton (the cultivation of whose farm is highly creditable to him,) and weighs between 191b. and 201b; in girth it measures rather more than one yard. From the same farm we have a potato of the red kind, and of unusual dimensions, weighing 3lb., and measuring one foot nine inches in circumference; but this latter root, large though it be, is even exceeded by a brother of the same tribe, brought to our office, on Saturday last, by R. Wood, Newton. It grew at Shawfield, near that town, was one foot eleven inches in girth, and 31b. 3oz. in weight. In the same field, cultivated by Mr. Wood, the very unusual number of 103 potatoes were found at a single stem. Mr. Skinner, Auchincruive, has also forwarded to us a gigantic potato of the same kind. In weight it is 3lb. 8oz. at 16 ounces to the pound; and measures two feet eight inches by one foot eight inches. With a choppin of buttermilk, it would suffice to dine a whole cabin full of Hibernians.—¡lyr Observer. The Haw of the Eye of a Horse." This is not like the membrana nictitans of a bird, but it is a cartilage covered convexly by the membrana conjunctiva: there is appended to it a mass of fat, and next to the fat is the retractor muscle whenever the eye is excited there is an action of this muscle; the eye-ball is retracted, the mass of fat is compressed, and by the compression of this, the haw, as it is termed, passes over the eye, so that you never see any thing like dirt, or an extraneous body in the eye of the horse, unless a bit of grass gets entangled there. But in the most dry road a horse never suffers from dust, as his rider does, and it is owing to this provision of nature--a third eyelid, as it were, which runs over the eye. At the moment the eye is turned inward, the haw passes over the eye, and having a glandular secretion it removes whatever is offensive to the inner corner of the eye, when it is conveyed out."-Sir Charles Bell, Pressure of the Air and Water on Animals.-"A certain degree of pressure is suited for the proper condition of an animal; when this pressure is greater or less than the creature habitually supports, the animal suffers in proportion to the difference; and, when it becomes very considerable, the creature can no longer exist. Although man can live without unpleasant sensations under a considerable variation of atmos pheric pressure, yet upon lofty mountains, such as Mont Blanc, and consequently under a considerably diminished weight of air, be perceives he has attained a situation where his bodily sensations, from the want of the necessary pressure, are most unpleasant; every step requires great effort, his breathing is deranged, the smaller blood-vessels begin to give way, and altogether he finds himself under conditions not suited to him. His sensations therefore teach him that be could only continue to exist beneath a given amount of atmospheric pressure, aud that the component parts of his body are -unted to it. With regard to marine animals, it is equally certain that a considerable differ ence in depth would produce effects of a similar kiud a creature living at the depth of 100 feet would sustain a pressure, including that of the atmosphere, of about 60 pounds on the square inch, while one at 4000 feet would be exposed to a pressure of about 1830 pounds upon the square inch. It will be obvious from our knowledge of the structure of animals gene. rally, that we cannot suppose any one creature capable of sustaining such enormous differences of pressure with impunity in the mass of waters, therefore, as on land, there must be a geographical distribution of existence, not only in regard to latitudes, but also in relation to depths."-De la Beche. Savings Banks.-The number of Savings Banks in England, Wales, and Ireland, on the 20th of Nov. 1853 the date of the last return, was 481; of which number 76 were established in Ireland. The total amount of deposits at that period was £15.715,111, and the number of individual depositors 467.161; the number of accounts of Friendly Societies 4,598; and of Charitable Societies, 3,300. Ireland contributes £1,380,718 of this sum, and the depositors number 49,170. exclusive of the accounts of 210 Friendly Societies and 492 Charitable Societies. It is gratifying to find that the amounts received and the number of contributors in both kingdoms, exhibit a considerable increase since November, 1831; the only exception being in the number of Friendly Societies in Ireland, in which there is a decrease of 24 since that period. The total increase in the amount deposited since 1831 is £1,403.464; to this increase £334,893 belongs to Ireland. The total increase in the num ber of contributors and accounts is 45,755, of which number 11,397 are Irish contributors Coleridge. In a lecture delivered upwards of twenty years ago, at some Hall in Fetter Lane, he divided readers into four classes. The first he compared to an hour glass, their reading being as the sand-it runs in and it runs out, and leaves not a vestige behind. A second class, he said, resembled a sponge-which imbibes every thing, and returns it in nearly the same state, only a little dirtier. A third class he likened to a jelly-bag-which allows all that is pure to pass away, and retains only the refuse and the dregs. The fourth class, of which he trusted there were many among his auditors, he compared to the slaves in the diamond-mines of Golconda, who, casting aside all that is worthless, preserved only the pure gem.-Lit. Gaz. Literary Notices. Just Published. Vol. I. of Fisher's Views in India, from Original Sketches by Commander Robert Elliot, R. N., with Descriptive Illustrations by Emma Roberts. LONDON: The same in French and German. Part 17, of Westmorland, Cumberland, Durban, and Northumberland. The same in French and German. Part XLVI. of Baines's History of Lancashire. Part 19, new edition of Portrait Gallery :-Doeter Monk, Bishop of Gloucester; Lord Viscount Pal merston; and Jeremy Bentham. Esq. The Northern Tourist for 1835. Pinkerton's Past and Present State of Russia, The Young Minister's Companion; or, Outlines of Eighty-five Original Discourses on the most inte resting and important subjects: to which are prefixed, Rules for the Composition of a Sermon, and Heads of Lectures on Preaching, &c. &c. By the Author of Outlines of Fifty Sermons." Home Happiness: or, Three Weeks in Snow. Faustus: a Dramatic Mystery; the First Walpurgis Night; the Bride of Corinth; translated from the German of Goethe. By John Auster, LL.D. Barrister at Law. The Annual Obituary for 1835; containing Me moirs of Distinguished Persons, who died in 1834, will be published on the 1st of January 1835, Short Whist; a Sketch of its History, &c. with Instructions for Beginners. By Major A. ••• How shall 1 Provide for my Family. 12mo. By W. Griffith. The Poetical Souvenir; a Selection of Moral and Religious Poetry. Serinons. By the Rev. Henry Roxby Mande, LL. B. Vicar of St. Olave's, Jewry; and Rector of St. Martin's, Ironmonger-lane. No. I. of the Mechanic's and Labourer's Magazine. Small Folio. One Penny. In the Press. A new edition of the Life of Samuel Drew, A.M. with Additions. The Life, Ministry, and Selections from the Re mains of the Rev. Samuel Walker, R. A. late of Truro, in Cornwall. By the Rev. Edwin Sidney, A new edition of Curtis's Treatise on the Physio. logy and Diseases of the Eye, shewing the Intimate connexion of the Organs of Sight and Hearing, and containing a New Mode of Curing Cataract without an Operation. Twenty Sermons; including two especially ad dressed to the Young. By the late Rev. W, Howea, Minister of Long Acre Episcopal Chapel. The Saxon's Daughter; a tale of Chivalry, in Sex Cantos, By N. Michell, author of An Essay on Woman, &c. The Book of the Denominations; or, the Churches and Sects of Christendom in the Nineteenth Century. Hora Hebraica; an Attempt to discover how the Argument of the First Part of the Epistle to the Hebrews must have been understood by those therein addressed; with Appendices on Messiah's Kingdom, &c. &c. By George Viscount Mandeville. A new and improved edition (being the Linth) ef the Cabinet Lawyer, incorporating the Statutes and Legal Decisions to the present Period. Holy Excitements. By W. Mason. Godwin's Lectures on the Atheistic Controversy. The Three Sisters. By their Father. Missionary Records. China, Burmah, Ceylon, &c. Heaven Unveiled. By Joseph Freeman. Anecdotes: Christian Missions. Three Vols. or, the Fatal Oak. By Mrs. Eray. Bagster on Bees. Purche's Spiritual Henry. Life of the Rev. David Brainerd. Sacred Classics-Beveridge's Private Thoughts. Missionary Researches in Armenia. By Eli Smith and H. G. 9. Dwight. Parker's Parliamentary System of Short hard. Trotter's Lessons in Arithmetic for Junior Classes, with Tables of Money, Weights, and Measates. Rowbotham's Guide to the French Languale and Conversation. PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER, SON, AND CO |