sities, 229, 230; decline of rationalism in the pul-
pit, 230, 231; defects of German preaching, 231;
Berlin Kirchentag, renewal of the Augsburg Con-
fession, 232; church government and organization,
233;
the consistorial system, ib.; the synodal
system, 235; progress of lay influence and church
independence, 235, 236; mutual relations of
the churches, union and confederation, 237;
union of the Lutheran and Reformed, ib.; opposi-
tion to it and persecution, 238; the Kirchentag and
Confederation, 240; relation of the state-paid
churches with the dissenters, 241; decline of into-
lerance and state-popedom, 242; relation of the
German churches to the state, ib.; liturgical con-
troversy, 243; labours of the Inner Mission, 244;
destiny of Protestant Germany, 246.
German works on Biblical Literature, 174.
Gibbon's early and continued attachment to Madame
Necker, 5.

Gioberti, Vincent, account of his life and writings, 21.
Greece, language and literature of Modern, 71; re-
markable lack of information on the subject, 71,
72; examination of a passage of modern Greek, 73;
true character of Romaic, ib.; old Romaic Ballad,
74; reasons for the preservation of the Greek lan-
guage, 75; influence of the Turkish Conquest, 76;
literature of modern Greece, 77; schools and uni-
versity, 78; popular Romaic ballads, 79; living
Greek poets, Karatsoutscas, 81; Alexander Ypsi-
lante, 84; facility of learning Greek from living
Greeks, 85.

H

Halley, Edmund, Clerk to the Royal Society, prints
Newton's Principia at his own expense, 125.
Hamilton, Sir William, his opinion on the Universi-
ties, 199, 201.

Harvey, Dr., Anecdote of, 117.

Herodotus, Life and Writings of, 208; the three dis-
puted questions, 210; did he write for recitation?
ib.; his mode of composition, as deduced from his
own expressions, from evidence and the opinion of
critics, 211; question as to the place at which he
wrote, 213; how far Thucydides was acquainted
with his works, 214; Lucian's tale of the tears of
admiration shed by Thucydides, 209, 215; con-
nexion of Herodotus with Sophocles, 215; chrono-
logy of his life and writings, 217; evidence for the
date of his composition from the allusion to the re-
volt of the Medes, and to Amyrtæus, 218, 219;
summary of his chronoly, 222; his character as a
historian, 223; the sources of his narratives, 225;
the matter and the form of his writings, ib; his
credulity and superstition, 226; character of his
religion, ib.

Heyse's Dissertation on the Life and Writings of
Herodotus, 208.

Hooke, Dr. Robert, his contributions to physical
science, 120, 128; his character, 128.
Hooker, Dr., on the dispersion of plants, 277.
Hungarian music, 187.

I

Inner Mission in Germany, 244.

K

Karamsin's History of Rumia, notice of, 136.
Karatsoutcas, notice of his poetry, 81.
Kenrick's Egypt of Herodotus, 208.

Kioff, the rival of Constantinople in the eleventh
century, 135.

Kirchentag, Berlin, its renewal of the Augsburg
Confession, 232; its efforts for reform, 240.
Knight's edition of Shakespeare, 158, 160.

Mariotti, Signor, on Italian Protestantism, 35.
Mendicant Friars, account of, 60: Wycliffe's denun
ciation of them, 70.

Mongol or Tahtar conquest of Russia, 136; its conse-
quences, ib.

Monograph, merits of, as a form of biography, 58.
Montague, Charles, Earl of Halifax, his connexion
with Sir Isaac Newton, 126.

Müller, K. O., on the History of Herodotus, 208.
Mure, Colonel, notice of his Language and Litera-
ture of Ancient Greece, 208.
Music, National, 183; definition of music, ib.; its
origin and earliest development, 184; character of
ancient music, ib.; connexion between rhythmus
and language, 184, 185; music of the East, 185;
of the Slaves, the Poles, and the Hungarians, 186
187; of the Celts, 188; of the Scotch, Irish, and
Welsh, 188, 189; of the Teutonic family, 190; of
the French and Italians, 191; of the English,

Pope, temporal power of the, denounced by Gioberti
Tommaseo, and other reformers, 24, 25.
Protestantism in Italy, 20; influence of Vincent Gi
oberti, 21; character and scope of his works, 22;
progress of Piedmont, 23; Gioberti's programme
of reform, 24; Niccolo Tommaseo, 25; denounces
the temporal dominion of the Pope, ib.; count
Mamiani and Signor Farini, 26; the secret of Sar-
dinian prosperity, 28; Controversy between Rome
and Turin, ib.; Propositions of Professor Nuyts,
ib.; Italian writers and Protestantism, 30, 31; re-
ligious ignorance in Italy, 32; causes of the hold
Roman Catholicism maintains in Italy, 32, 34; a
political reformation insufficient, 34; Signor Mari.
otti, 35; an Italian champion of Protestantism,
ib.; apostolate of Fra Dolcino, 35, 36; Girolamo
Savonarola, 37; Burlamachi of Lucca, 38; re-
formed Church at Ferrara, Olympia Morata, 39,
40; modern evangelical movement, 41; dangers of
Italian Protestantism, 42.

Rationalism, decline of, in Germany, 230.
Rhythmus, see Music.

Roman Catholic religion, causes of its firm hold of
Italy, 22, 34.

Royal Society of London, history of, by C. R. Weld,
111; organization and endowment of our social in-
stitutions, ib.; value of Mr. Weld's work, 112;
revival of literature and science in Italy, 113;
state of science in the 16th century, 114; Bacon's
project for a philosophical society, ib.; societies of
Oxford and London, 115; anecdote of Harvey and
Charles I, 117; influence of the Royal Society in
uprooting superstition, 118; incorporated by Roy-
al Charter, 120; Philosophical Transactions, Old-
enburg arrested, 121; Newton elected a fellow,
122; John Flamsteed, ib.; Greenwich Observato-
ry, 123; death of Robert Boyle, 124; Newton's
Principia communicated, 125; Halley appointed
clerk, ib.; Newton and Charles Montague, 126;
death of Robert Hooke, 128; Newton President,
ib.; death of Newton, 129; the Royal Society split
into various societies, 131; opportunity of uniting
all the societies, 132.

Rurik, the Russian Empire founded by, 134.
Russia, the religious and political relations of, 132;
historical law of Russian aggression, 133; Russian
invasion of Byzantium, 135; introduction of Chris-
tianity, ib.; conquest of the Mongols, 136; conse-
quences to the Church, ib. ; effects on the charac
ter of the people, 137; development of the power
of Moscow, 138; first regular war between Rus-
sia and Turkey, 139; war between Russia and
Turkey in the reign of Catherine, 141; Russia and
Turkey in the wars of Napoleon, 141, 142; the
Church of Russia as a political tool, 143; Boden-
stedt's picture of it, 144; the head of the Rus-
sian and the head of the Roman Church com-
pared, 145; antagonisms and sympathies between
the Roman, Greek, and Protestant Churches, 146;
military resources of Russia, .148; probable policy
of Nicholas, 148, 149.

Russian aggression in the East, 231; her resources.
287.

S

Salomon, Prof. E. A., on the historic questions con-
cerning Herodotus, 208.

Savonarola, account of, and his opinions, 37.
Shakespeare, text of, 151; connexion between words
and ideas, ib.; readers who can dispense with ver-
bal correctness, 152; Shakespeare's sensitiveness
in regard to expression, 152, 153; First Folio, 154;
the antiquarian in contradistinction to the philologi-
cal mode of forming a text, 155; First Folio, idola-
try, ib.; examples of ingenious emendations of diffi-
cult passages, 156; Heming and Condell, 157; ec-
centricities of the First Folio, 158; what errors due
to the printers and what to the editors, 159; first
act of Macbeth examined, departures from the old
readings, 160; prosodical specimens, 162; suspi-
cious readings, 163; justice to Shakespeare induces
caution in admitting the entire correctness of the
First Folio, 164; Mr. Collier's discovery and its
value, 165; his method of exposition, 168; Mr.
Dyce's "few notes," 169; hypothesis of the new
readings, 170.

Slavonic race, national music of, 186.

Staël, life and times of Madame de, 1-character of
her parents, 2, 5; early development of her talents,
6; Parisian society in 1780, 7; her marriage, ib.;
her fortunes and occupations during the reign of
Terror, 7, 8; French friendships, 8; her estimate
of Bonaparte, 9; employment in exile, 9, 10;
Schiller's and Goethe's view of her, 10, 11; Lord
Byron's view of her, 11; general character of her
writings, 12; her melancholy, ib.
Stearic candle-manufactury, 85.

Stowe, Mrs., criticism of her style, 53.
Superstitions of the sixteenth century, 118.

T

Talleyrand, misconceptions of his character, 13;
his early life, 14; educated for the church, ib.; a
revolutionist, ib.; proscribed in France, banished
from England, goes to America, 15; his connexion
with and opinion of Bonaparte, 15, 16; important
services to the restored Bourbons and Louis Phil-
ippe, 17; summary of his character, 18.
Teutonic music, 190.

Thucydides, tale of his shedding tears at the recital
of the History of Herodotus, 209.
Thugut, Baron, predicts the future aggressions of
Russia against Turkey, 140.
Turkey, see War in the East.
Turkey, its first regular war with Russia, 139; with
the Empress Catherine, assisted by Austria, 141;
designs of Russia against, 140, 143.

U

University representation, 193; principles upon
which the suffrage should be bestowed, 194; con-
stituency of Oxford and Cambridge, 195; and
Dublin, 196; claims of the University of London
to representation, 197; claim of London medical
graduates, ib. ; of Scotch medical graduates, 199;
of Scotch master of arts, 200; suggestions for form-
ing a learned class in Scotland, ib.; conferring the
suffrage on the Universities, 200, 201; better sys-
tem of examination and patronage, 201; alteration
in their government, 202; national Board of Exa-
miners, 203; graduation for the Church and the
Bar, ib.; literary examination for medical students,
204; moral and social training, 205; increased en-
dowments, 207.

War in the East and its political contingencies, 280;
history of Russian aggressions, 281; Russian craft
in choosing her time, 282, 283; position and cul-
pability of Austria, 283. 284; England's dereliction
of duty, 284; blame of the English press, 284, 285;
Cobden's share in the common sin, 286; prospects
of the war, 286, 287; resources of Russia, 287;
commissariat department, 289; army arrange-
ments, 289, 290; internal enemies, 290; resources
of Turkey, 291; her new career of improvement,
292; Russian or Ottoman success desirable? 293;
false plea of co-religion, 294; Mussulman and
Muscovite tariffs, 297; Russian treatment of the
Danubian trade, 297, 298; the various contingen-
cies to be considered, 298, 299; co-operation of the
four powers, 299; American intervention, 300;
eventual questions between France and England,
302; necessity for a final settlement now of the
question, 303; schemes proposed, 304.
Watson, H. W., review of his Cybele Britannica,

269.

Weld, Charles Richard, review of his History of the
Royal Society, 111.

Wetherell, Elizabeth, remarks on her writings, 54;
want of purity in her diction, ib. ; romance and re-
ligion, 56.

Wycliffe, John de, D.D., Life of, by Dr. Vaughan, 58;
difference between the regular biography and a
monograph, ib.; merits of the work, 59; early life
of Wycliffe, 60; opposition to the mendicant Fri-
ars, ib.; opinions on the relation of the Church to
the State, 61; anti-Papal party in England, 62;
his teaching at Oxford, 63; his mission to the

sions," 66; his life in the rectory of Lutterworth,
ib.; Lollardism, 67; the different religious reform-
ers compared, 68; character of Wycliffe's genius,
68, 69; character of his speculations, 70.

Y

Drawing, method of teaching, 83.
Dundas, dynasty in Scotland, 46.

Education, art of, 71; systems of education always
akin to the co-existing social states, ib.; multipli-
cation of schemes tend to evolve a rational sys-
tem, 72; methods in course of abandonment, 73;
methods in course of adoption, 73, 74; all methods
ought to be conformable to nature, 74; docrine
of Pestalozzi, 75; the best system requires the
best teachers, 76; full realization of the Pes-
talozzian principle yet to be achieved, 77; right
sequence of subjects in education, 77, 78; we
should proceed from the empirical to the rational,
78; self-development should be encouraged, 79;
pleasurable excitement in the pupils should be
aimed at, 79, 86; culture of the senses, 80;
object lessons, intellectual sympathy, 81; conti-
nuous discipline of the observing faculties, ib.; im-
portance of a knowledge of the laws of life, 82;
early practice in drawing, 83; elementary draw-
ing-book by John Bell, 84; Mr. Wyse's plan of
giving primary conceptions in geometry, 85;
empirical geometry, 86; self-evolution the great
desideratum, 87; ultimate results of the normal
method, 89.

im-

Evidences (Christian) and history, 52;
portance of books of evidence being histo-
rical, 53; fate of the Church under Marcus
Aurelius, 54; estimate of his character,

55; Stoical estimate of Christianity, 55, 56;
martyrdom of Justin Martyr and Polycarp, 56,
57; nature and importance of the attestations
of the early mártyrs, 58; jealousy and alarm of
the heathen prove the great progress of Chris-
tianity, 58, 59; proof of important points from
Pliny's letter to Trajan, 59, 61; and from Trajan's
answer, 61; change in the position of Christians
produced by it, 62; trial and death of Ignatius,
64; Hadrian's character, 65; his rescript to
Fendanus, 66; letter to Servianus, 67; Jewish

revolt under Barchobeb, 68; change in the
Church of Jerusalem, 69; the Church under

Antoninus Pius, ib.; substance of early Chris-
tian teaching, 70.

Fetichism, Comte's system of, 146.
Forbes, Duncan, character of, 45.
Forbes' (Prof. J. D.) Norway and its Glaciers; 104;
resemblance between Norway and the west and
north of Scotland, 105; summit of Snee-hättan,
discomfort of half-melted snow, 106; character
of the peasantry, 106, 107; salmon-fishing, mos-
quitoes, 107; Swedish turnips, 108; family of
Lapps, ib.; notice of the beaver, 109; eclipse of
ib.; features of the inland fiords, 110, 111;
the fields or fjelds, 112; abundance of waterfalls,
ib.; theory of glacier motion confirmed, 113.
Forsyth's history of trial by jury, 201.

the sun,

Fouque, De la Motte, notice of his "Four Seasons,"

225; compared with Thirlwall's, 226; compara-
tive interest of Greece and Mediæval Italy, 228;
character of Alexander's successors, 228, 229;
the Achaean league, 230; former pure democracy
of Athens, 231, 233; modified democracy in the
league, 233; character and position of Macedo-
nia, 234, 235.

Grote compared with Niebuhr, 224, 225,

Hadrian, character of, 65; conduct towards the
Jews and Christians, 66.

History, early English, 196; merits of recent con-
tributions, 197; modern historians of England
belonging to Ranke's school, 198; reception given
to German writers of English history, ib.; Dr.
Pauli's labours, ib.; his Henry II., 199; the
Becket controversy and the Puseyites, 200;
Forsyth's history of trial by jury, 201; character
of Richard I., 203; importance of constitutional
studies, 204; Locke and Blackstone, account of
De Lolme, ib.; works of Palgrave and Allen,
205; Creasy on the constitution, ib.; Simon de
Montfort and borough representation, 206; con-
dition of London in the 12th century, 207.

Ignatius tried and sentenced by Trajan, 64.
Inhabitants in the planets and star-systems, proofs
of, 2, seq.
Italian language, created by Dante, 244.

Jury, trial by, origin of, in England, 201.
Justin Martyr, notice of, 56.

Kant, Comte, borrows incessantly from, 133, 144.

Landino's interpretation of Dante, 240.
Lappenberg, Dr., his contributions to early English
history, 198.

Leslie, Sir John, his theory of the light of the

moon, 19.

Littré, E., notice of his exposition of Positivism,
130, 144.

Lloyd's Scandinavian Adventures, 114; art of fish-
culture, the fish of Lake Wenern, 114, 115; habits
of Norwegian salmon, 115; salmon spawning as
observed by Mr. Keiller, 115; his idea of the snout
in the male, 118; development and growth of
salmon fry, 119; the lax, the char, the pike, 119,
120; angling in Scandinavian rivers, 121; rivers
of the Bothnian Gulf, 122; Norwegian rivers,
122, 123; bear-hunting, 124; the lynx, 125; the
fox, ib.; the elk, 126; geographical distribution
of the rein-deer, 126, 127.

Logic, Comte's treatment of, in his system, 141.
Lord-Advocate, duties of described, 47.

Macedonian period of Grecian history. See Greece.
Mathematics, place of, in the Positive Philosophy,

142.

Mill's remarks on the most desirable state of social
life, 29.

Miller, Hugh, of Cromarty, 172; source of his ex-
tensive reputation, 172, 173; the expression
"self-educated men," 174; object of the " story
of my education," ib. ; parentage and pedigree,
the "school" of ancestry and kindred, 175, 176;
the "school" of surrounding local circumstance,
180; the grammar-school of Cromarty, 182;
gleanings by sea and land, 183; the "school"
of literature, 185; amount of education at paro-
chial schools, ib.; National Education, 186; taste
for reading, list of his books, 187; choice of a
trade, 188; influence of trades on the character,
189; education as a stone-mason, 190; his books,
studies, and excursions, 191; the "school" of