to the name Britain-a bad Latin pronunciation of Prettania. Professor Rhys here objects, and points out that Pliny mentions a tribe of Britanni as situated at the mouth of the Somme, not very far from Kent; that there was such a tribe is proved by the modern town name of Bretagne. If Professor Rhys is right, he must postulate that part of Kent was inhabited by these Britanni, and that from this little colony came the name of the whole island. No Britanni are mentioned as in Britain, and it is likely that the tribe on the Somme were some returned emigrants from Britain. The Welsh calls the Picts Prydyn (from pryd, figure), which again agrees with Gaelic derivation (Gaelic cruth, whence Cruithne, is, in Welsh, pryd). Britain is Welsh Prydain, the same word as that for Pict. Hence the Picts are the "figured" men, both in the Gadelic and Brittonic languages. These are the Editor's views, and the proof must be deferred till we come to treat the Pictish question.

We are on firm historic ground in regard to the lost Belgic invasion of Celts from the Continent. The Belgic Gauls crossed over into Britain before Cæsar's time, for he found them in possession of at least the eastern portion of England; the language was the same on both sides of the Channel, some tribe names, such as the Atrebates, were common to both, and King Divitiacus ruled both in Gaul and Britain. Cæsar speaks of the Britons of the interior as aboriginal, no doubt referring to the West Coast and to Scotland. In any case, the Belgae seem at the time of the Roman conquest to have possessed Britain as far as the Forth at least its eastern half, being probably in much the same position as we find the Anglo-Saxons about 613. The Picts had been conquered or driven west

and north; we know they inhabited all northern Scotland then, and possibly what was afterward the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Tacitus mentions the Silures in South Wales as a dark, curlyhaired people, and argues their Spanish origin. The Silures are now recognized as the survivors of the Iberians of the Neolithic Age.

In Scotland, therefore, at the beginning of the Christian era, the racial position would be thus: Belgic Gauls in the eastern portion of the country from the Firth of Forth to the Tweed; parallel to them on the western half, from the Firth of Clyde to the Solway, were the Picts, still retreating. The rest of the Picts filled the remaining portion of Scotland from the Firths to Cape Wrath and the Orkney Isles. The previous Iberian population, with its admixture of Bronze-age men, were absorbed by the Celts or driven westward, where, among the Isles and on the West Coast, plenty traces of them are still in evidence. The Roman occupation of the district between the Walls, that is from the Tyne and Solway to the Clyde and Forth Wall, no doubt added a new ethnologic factor to the population there; and the Brittonic or Belgic Gauls undoubtedly came to possess Strathclyde and Dumbarton (the "dune" of the Britons). In the sixth century the AngloSaxons entered Scotland. The Celts called them Saxons because that tribe formed the first Teutonic raiders and invaders of Britain, the Gadelic tribes receiving the name from the Brittonic peoples. It was, however, the Angles that conquered the eastern half of Scotland to the Firth of Forth.

Meanwhile the Scots, who had helped the Picts to harass the Roman province for a hundred years, had acquired settlements on the Argyleshire coast and in

the Isles. The Scots were simply the inhabitants of Ireland; it was their own name for themselves. Isidore of Saville (600 A. D.) says the name in Scottic language meant "tattooed," and, as a matter of fact, the root word is still alive in the language-Gaelic sgath, lop off; old Irish scothaim, allied to English scathe. This makes both Gadels and Picts mean "men of the tattoo." Dr. Whitley Stokes prefers the root skot, property; German schatz, stock; and translates the word as "owners, masters." The first invasion of Scotland by the Scots is set down by the Irish annalists as in the latter half of the second century (circ. 160 A. D.) under Cairbre Riata, whom Bede calls Reuda (Gadelic *Reiddavos "Ready-man?") Riata gave his name to the Irish and Scotch Dál-Riadas both "the Tribal portion of Riata." Possibly additions. took place during the Picts and Scots alliance of 360 to (say) 460, but in any case a great accession to the Scots on the West Coast was the arrival, in 501, of the sons of Erc from Dalriada; they founded the little kingdom of Dalriada, practically Argyleshire and its. Isles, though the original Argyle extended from the Mull of Kintyre to Lochbroom, as our earliest. documents show. It means "Coastland of the Gael"-Airer-Gaidheal.

When

the Norse came about 800, they called the Minch Scotland Fjord, which shows that the Gael practically held the West Coast entire, and the Picts held the East Coast to Pettland Fjord, or Pictland Fjord, now Pentland. The name Scot and Scotland came to be applied to the Scottish kingdom in the tenth century by English writers the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle calls Constantine, who fought unsuccessfully at Brunanburg, in 938, King of Scotland. The Irish, who were called by this time Hibernienses, or Hiberni, by outsiders,

dropped the name Scot and called themselves Goedel, or, later, later, Gaoidheal, "Gael." This is the name that the Highlanders still call themselves by-Gàidheal. Unfortunately, the oldest Irish form dates only from 1100-Goedel, which would give a Gadelic form, *Gaidelos, but Scottish Gaelic points to *Gâdilos or Gâidelos, and from various considerations seems the corrector form, giving a root gâd, Eng. good, Gothic gadiliggs, relative; German gatte, husband. The idea is "kinsman," as in the case of the native name for Welshman— Cymro, whence Cymric, *Com-brox, a "co-burger," where brox or broges (plural) is from the root mrog, land; Lat. margo, Eng. mark, march.

The next invasion of Scotland, which gave her a most important accession of population in the Isles, the West Coast, and in Sutherland and Caithness, was made by the Norse about 795. Our historians seem little to understand either its extent in time and place or the great change it wrought in the ethnological character of the districts held by the Norse. The Norman invasion extended even to Scotland, and Celtic earls and barons, either through failure of heirs male or otherwise, soon and in great numbers were succeeded by Normans and Angles.

It will thus be seen that the Scottish people are ethnologically very much. mixed. The Caledonians, as Dr. Beddoe points out, still show German, or rather Walloon, characteristics. Norse features are predominant in Lewis and the northern Isles generally, though Iberian and other (such as Spanish) elements are strong. strong. The East Coast is largely Teutonic. The old burghs were planted by the Canmore dynasty in the northern districts to keep the ordinary population in order, and towns like Inverness were from the first in the hands of Flemish and other Teutonic traders.

"The only good Indian is a dead one" is a trite saying, and one that has often slipped easily from careless lips. But during the past few years the public conscience has become more sensitive on the subject of our treatment of the red man, and many of these oppressed fellowbeings have proved that they possess true nobility of character.

Many early settlers of the Middle States feared and dreaded the revengeful spirit of the Indian, but there were those also who found that these wild men of the forest, while they remembered a wrong done to them. were just as ready to return a kindness.

Such was the experience of Henry Állen, who had built a log house, and with his young wife had begun life in northern Ohio many years ago. With no neighbors within a mile or more, their life was lonely indeed; but it was especially so for Mrs. Allen during the long hours of the day when her husband was away in the woods, cutting down the trees or attending to the crops he had planted on the land already cleared. But she was a brave woman and anxious to do all in her power to make the home, in what was then a wild and unsettled part of our country. So she went cheerfully about her household duties, and when her baby boy came she was less lonely, and happier than ever.

One day, as she looked out of the window, she was startled to see an Indian coming toward the house, for her husband was nearly a mile away that day, and there was no one nearer.

But as

she looked more closely she saw that not only was the Indian alone, but that he walked slowly, as if in pain. So when he reached the door she received him kindly, gave him some food, and allowed him to rest in her home. When Mr. Allen returned at night they talked the matter over, and as the man was evidently ill, they decided that it would be cruel to turn him away, and that it was right to keep him and try to nurse him back to health. They could communicate with their strange guest only by signs and a very few words, but wholesome food, simple medicines, and, above all, the kindness of Henry and his wife had the desired effect, and after two or three weeks the Indian was well again.

During all this time he had shown a grateful appreciation of what was done for him, and when he parted from them he made an earnest effort to tell them that he would always remember their kindness, and, if possible, would repay it.

A year or two passed, and the Indians of that neighborhood were "on the warpath," and a sad and anxious time it was for the settlers, scattered and unprotected as they were. Each morning, as Henry kissed his wife and child "Goodby," they both realized that danger and death might soon separate them and break up their happy home.

And soon the dreaded time came. One morning Mrs. Allen heard the terrible warwhoops, and had only time to snatch up her child and run out into the yard. At the back of the house was a large,

low-branching tree, and hastily climbing this, she was well concealed in its thick foliage. She saw the Indians, about twenty in number, enter her house, and evidently angry at finding it vacant, they prepared to set it on fire. One of them seemed to be trying to persuade them not to do this, but was unsuccessful, and soon the little home was in flames. Watching closely from her place of concealment, she saw the one who had tried to prevent the burning of the house approaching, and soon he gazed up into the tree and saw her plainly. But just at that moment she recognized him as the one whom they had nursed back to health, and with a feeling of deep indignation at his ingratitude, she could hardly keep from crying out. But the Indian, raising his hand as a sign to keep quiet, quickly turned away, and she saw that he was directing the attention of the others to another part of the yard, and soon he succeeded in leading them away.

As soon as she thought it safe, Mrs. Allen hurried away to her nearest neighbor with her sad tidings. Not only was her home in ruins, but she feared that the Indians would find her husband, and either kill him or take him captive. And her fears were well founded; for even at that time the Indians were hurrying Mr. Allen, with his hands firmly bound, to their camp near the shore of Lake Erie. He, too, had recognized the Indian whom they had befriended, and while he felt hurt and indignant, still he realized that it would be very hard for this one man to influence all the others. The Indian seemed to avoid him, as if ashamed of his conduct, and Mr. Allen had no opportunity to communicate with him in any way, though he was almost. frantic to know what had become of his wife and child. When they reached

the camp, just at sunset, food was provided, and soon after Henry was allowed to lie down, still bound, at a little distance from the others, with one Indian to guard him.

On the second morning after his capture, the Indians started from the camp quite early, leaving Allen firmly tied to a tree. Soon after the squaws, with their papooses on their backs, and the larger children following them, went off through the woods to their work. Allen thus left alone, and confident that the Indians had gone off for another raid among the settlers, was wondering if he would have the company of other captives that night, when he suddenly saw a solitary Indian skulking about among the trees As he drew nearer he saw that it was his "ungrateful friend," as he had begun to call him. As soon as the Indian saw that Allen was entirely alone, he came to him, and at once cut the bands that bound him. Surprised and delighted to find his hands again free, he was about to thank him, when the Indian, placing his finger on his lips, motioned to Henry to follow him. He led him to the shore of the lake, and they both sat down. The Indian made a rude sketch on the sand of Allen's house; he then marked the place of the great tree, and succeeded in making Henry understand that his wife and child were safely hidden there when he and his companions left the burning house. Then the Indian arose and again motioned to Allen to follow him. Hurrying along, sometimes on the shore of the lake, sometimes through the thick woods and underbrush for about six hours, they came to a place that Allen recognized, and he succeeded in making. his guide understand that he now knew. his way home.

With a look of relief and happiness

J. M. BARRIE.

Mr.

"Mr. Barrie writes the highest comedy now being written in the English language, and we are to see a play which, from reports, should be his best. Barrie's best is very much better than his worst, as is likely to be the case with a man who undertakes to play along the danger lines of sentiment, like Thackeray, and along the edge of extravagance, like Mr. Gilbert. Not the most even writer of to-day in England, Mr. Barrie is, at his best, the most exquisite.

One would think that Mr. Kipling, with his blows from the shoulder, would be a natural dramatist, but he is not. One might suppose that Mr. Barrie, all sensibility and fine shading, would fail on the stage, with its need of holding the average man, but he is writing not only the best, but the most successful English comedy to-day. If but one visit to the theater were to be allowed me during the approaching season, 'The Admirable Crichton' would probably be my choice."

Norman Hapgood, in Collier's Weekly.