sects, and the raillery and venom of infidelity, under the mask of liberality and toleration, she is now as competent as in the bloom of her golden and prosperous glory, faithfully and fully to fulfil her high destination. Her inherent and excellent construction to restrain, by the might of moral authority, and by the learning and ability of her clergy, which her endowments encourage, the ambition of the Church of Rome, is historically proclaimed by the fact, that her Italian subtlety and power have never been able, but once, to subvert the Protestant monarchy in these kingdoms; and then, for even reluctant bigotry confessed it, the restoration of liberty and of a Protestant prince to the throne, was almost the sole labour and magnanimous achievements of her ehivalrous clergy.

The members of the Church of England have been the patrons and instruments of political equality and freedom to the two great enemies with which she has had to contend, while her influence and moral power have curbed their intolerance and religious bigotry. To liberty, it will be said the established clergy in their conduct towards Roman Catholic and Protestant dissenters, cannot lay claim, because they were zealous foes to the repeal of the test law, and of the relief bill. Even granting that the removal of these restrictions was wise, and the clergy therefore wrong in their opposition, let it be remembered that the legislature had enacted these laws to defend the church, and, therefore, respect for the principle in which those measures originated, and a veneration for the wisdom and attachment to her interests which their ancestors evinced in devising them, ought to be a sufficient qualification, if there were no other, for the opposition of the clergy to their removal. But who can deny that the lay members of the church

abolished these restrictions? And if the spirit of the church were one of bigotry, and not of genuine charity-of intolerance, and not of freedom, would the members of the senate, nursed in the bosom of the church, and fed by her councils, have been the sole agents in their abolition? On one of these occasions, no dissenter, Protestant or Roman Catholic voted; on the other, but one or two of the former class. Now reverse the picture, and suppose that the Established Church had been the tolerated and politically excluded religion, and that the dissenters, Protestant or Roman Catholic, had been the established one, does the history of our country, or of Europe, justify the supposition, not only that the clergy of either would not have imitated our reproached ministry, but that their lay members, from any spirit of liberty and detestation of sectarian monopoly imbibed from their respective creeds or systems of faith, would have laboured to extend the political privileges, of which they had the sole possession, to the excluded party.

Examine the history of the Roman Catholic Church since the days of the reformation to the present hour, and who can adduce one single fact in the annals of Europe wherever she was enthroned in power, in attestation of her liberality to the ministers or the members of the Protestant religion? Behold that church in Italy erecting the Inquisition, at the instigation of Cardinal Caraffa, in 1545, for the acknowledged purpose of suppressing the reformed doctrines. See that church in Spain, clinging, amid the light and literature of Europe, to the bloody engine of secret despotism, as if it had been the cup of life, or the cross of their dishonoured Master, until it was wrung from her grasp in the nineteenth century, even so late as in 1820.*

Listen, at this hour, to her great prelatic champion, in our own land, acknowledging in the face of British peers, that the persecution of the Protestant clergy in Ireland was the work of popish vengeance, because, faithful to their heavenly calling, they had disturbed the black and settled night of ignorance and anti-Christian tyranny, by the unwelcome sound of gospel truth. Nay, more than all, even in America, the frenzy of freedom cannot extinguish the tyranny and persecution which are engrained in the constitution of popery. For there and blush, ye patrons of republican freedom, while we record the factthe popish inquisition at this moment exists; there it has its solitary cells for torture; and there, as in priest-ridden Italy and Spain, so faithfully true is the boasted sameness of her creed and practice in every quarter of the globe, murder vainly essays to retard the righteous cause, which neither reason, nor learning, nor scriptural knowledge can impugn.

These assertions may sound so bold, that we must justify them by the hitherto uncontradicted testimony of their truth. The following extracts are taken from the 49th number of the New York Protestant"

"Vast numbers of Jesuits, without any apparent employment, are now prowling about the union. They are found in every district to the westward, in all kinds of disguises, and pretending to every occupation. They continually attend at all the land and post offices, court-houses, taverns, stores, and other places of resort, making the most minute inquiries; and the papists, themselves, after the departure of these travelling jesuit priests, and by their instigation, are constantly acting as spies and eaves-droppers, to ascertain all the affairs of individuals and the community, which details are transmitted to M. Cheverus, their agent in Europe."

"A young gentleman at St. Missouri, not long ago renounced Popery and professed to be a Protestant. Shortly after, he was missed by his friends, and

has never been heard of since. It is the general opinion there, that he has been kidnapped, and is either now confined, or, most probably, has been murdered by the jesuits.

"Such unaccountable disappearances of persons, are frequent subjects of complaint and wonder in various parts of the western country. The most suspicious and alarming thing which I met in my long journey, is the construction, under the mass houses, convents, and seminaries, of secret cells, adapted to solitary confinement. THEY EXIST IN NEW YORK! as well as in other places. I have seen them; and these, no doubt, are the holes in the earth, where the men and women who are missing, have been first imprisoned, and then doomed to a cruel death."

These extracts are taken from the

appendix of one of the few original and really learned publications of the preHale Hale, chaplain to the Bishop of sent day an essay by the Rev. W. London. 66 A little learning is a danadmitted as a truth, by the general gerous thing," has almost ceased to be class of our writers. But this author stands occupied by the clergy of the Church the ancient ways so long upon of England.

On the other side, examine the history of Presbyterianism in Scotlandfollow it to its religious and political ascendancy in England-then trace the march of independency in the senate and to the throne of Great Britain. Listen, on the one side, to the great champion of liberty, the mighty Milton, declaring that all men ought to enjoy electoral and constitutional privileges, Again, except Roman Catholics.* behold the Protector's chaplain, Dr. Owen, accusing of blasphemy, and scourging with the whip, two Quakers, through the streets of Oxford, and these delinquents women too! and then who can declare there is reason to conclude that the spirit of the doctrines inculcated by their respective churches and pastors, their political champions and guides, if one of them had been the ascendant church-the Roman Catholic-the Presbyterian

or the Independent-would have inspired their congregations to open the gates of freedom to their excluded brethren, and welcome them to the temple, where our lay members have placed them in undisputed equality, beside them in the senate and near the throne.

And what has produced, however unpropitiously it has operated, this love of freedom in our congregations? Whence has emanated the distrust in the soundness of a principle which, to preserve the church, had limited the charter of liberty? What elevated their minds to that universal benevolence, that, with outstretched arms,

they introduce their enemies into their own fold, and range them with the flock which they had ever endeavoured to diminish or destroy? We answerthe simple, single-eyed purity which pervades the doctrines and the liturgy of the Church of England-a liturgy in which no sectarian or party-coloured distinctions of divine truth tinge the mind with false notions of the benevolence of God-a liturgy so little characterised by the intoxication of bigotry, that even a pope had consented to sanction it, and so divinely pure, that even Knox and Calvin were constrained to praise it.

Q. Horatii Flacci Satiræ et Epistolæ. Textum recognovit notisque cum aliorum tum suis instruxit, Johannes M'Caul, A. M. e Coll. S. S. Trin, apud Dublin. Dublinii, apud Johannem Cumming, 1833.

A work such as the one before us has been very much wanted; for although little new matter could be advanced in elucidation of the great Roman satirist the observations which were really useful were scattered through the writings of a vast number of commentators, each of whom had contrived to mix with a little that was good, a great deal that was useless, or worse. The editor of the Delphin edition was a man very little fitted for the task he had undertaken. Doering had, certainly, a great deal of ingenuity and acuteness; but, unfortunately he employed those in endeavouring to differ from all others, and consequently the generality of his interpretations are fanciful. Gessner passes over many very difficult passages without a line of comment;and the other commentators on Horace were not likely to fall into the hands of the generality of readers. A work, then, that would judiciously compile selections of what was really useful in all, with the addition of such original observations as their omissions might call for, was a desideratum to the student-a work that would leave no difficulty, without, at least, an attempt at explanation, containing sufficient elementary information to be an assistance to the learner, and, at the same time, enough of the elegancies of classic literature to direct the researches of the more advanced student in his endeavours to obtain a more refined knowledge of the language, and more intimate acquaintance with the beauties of his author, and do all this without being swelled into a volume whose price would place it, in many instances, out of the reach of those for whom it was intended. Such a work, we are happy to say, Mr. McCaul has produced; and we feel persuaded that it will make a very useful and no very expensive addition to the student's library.

Mr. McCaul has very wisely written his annotations in English. Indeed, the practice of Latin comments upon Latin authors, for the benefit of English read

ers, seems of late years to be exploded or confined to the pedant or the pretender. We heartily rejoice at the alteration-we wish the world joy at the departure of this last relic of literary barbarism-this silly remnant of scholastic pedantry-and we only wish that the author of the volume before us had not deemed it necessary to minister to ancient prejudices, by the formality of a Latin title page.—It certainly has a very learned and a very imposing appearance. Mr. Cumming's name bears Latinizing admirably well;— but Mr. McCaul must not be vexed with us, if we say, that as the editor of English notes, his own name, style, and title, would have looked quite as well in the unassuming idiom of the "vulgar tongue."

On the satires and epistles, Mr. McCaul has left very little further to be said. In most instances, he has alluded to every interpretation which the ingenuity of man has been able to devise; and we were particularly pleased with the judgment he evinces in the selection of the best. He burdens his pages with no elaborate disquisitions upon trifles, no long and minute investigations of unimportant differences, no learned and very philoligical examina tions of distinctions without differences, and by this means he has contrived to compress into six hundred duodecimo pages, (including the text of his author, along with some necessary appendages, such as a life of Horace, selected from his own writings, and told in his own words, &c.) as much valuable information and sound classical knowledge, as has seldom been presented in a single volume to the public. In expressing this opinion, we do not speak either partially or unadvisedly. As critics, we pique ourselves upon our integrity, and we perhaps flatter ourselves that our opinion is worth something. And after giving the work an honest, and an attentive consideration, we are bound to declare, that we regard it as one of the best commentaries we have seen. Full, without being diffuseingenious, without being fanciful-telling, in a word, almost every thing which it is requisite or useful for the reader to know and telling little or nothing else. We beg to be understood in these re