260. Sidus: for tempestas. Less. See I, 39 sqq., and notes. 262. Protei columnas: the whither Menelaus was driven.

The allusion is to the destruction of Ajax the

island of Pharos and the coast of Egypt, Proteus was a mythical king of Egypt.

264. Regna Neoptolemi: see III, 325–336.

265. Idomenei: see note on III, 122. Locros: a part of the Opuntian Locri, followers of Ajax the Less, settled on the coast of Africa. Cf. III, 399, and note. As Aeneas left some of his followers to found colonies at one or more points during his voyages, so it is credible that the Locri also, and perhaps others, may in like manner during their wanderings have been divided into different colonies.

266. Mycenaeus: see note on Mycenae, I, 284.

268. devictam—adulter: 'the adulterer (Aegisthus) has lain in wait for (i.c. to murder) the conqueror of Asia.' Devictam Asiam is a bold figure for Asiae victorem.

269. Invidisse: exclamatory infinitive. See I, 37, and note. Some, less correctly, regard it as depending upon referam (1. 264). ut viderem: for me redire, after invidisse.

270. Calydona: Calydon, in Aetolia, the native place of Diomedes.

276. ferro, etc.: see note on X, 29. corpora: Diomedes had wounded both Venus and Mars.

280. malorum: with memini.

286. ultro: 'even.' See note on X, 282.

287, Dardanus: 'the Trojan'; singular for plural, equivalent to Troiani. 293. Qua: 'in whatever way,' 'on whatever terms.'

300-444. Latinus proposes to make peace with the Trojans, and to yield to them a portion of his land on the Tiber for their settlement, or, if they prefer to seek another country, to furnish them with ships. Drances advises, moreover, that Lavinia be given to Aeneas in marriage, and calls on Turnus either to give up the contest or to decide it by single combat with Aeneas. Turnus replies with animation, and consents to the single combat.

303. fuerat melius: indicative for subjunctive for the sake of vividness. Cf. II, 55. Sc. the protasis, si factum esset.

309. Ponite: for deponite. angusta: sc. sit.

310. Cetera rerum: all other things'; all the warlike resources of the state, and all other grounds of hope.

311. Ante oculos, inter manus: 'before your eyes, between your hands'; i.e. they are both visible and tangible.

316. Tusco amni: the Tiber. Cf. VIII, 473.

317. Sicanos: from VIII, 328, we learn that the Sicani once dwelt in Latium.

319. horum (collium) asperrima: cf. strata viarum, I, 422, and note. ; 321. Cedat amicitiae Teucrorum: i.e. let it fall to the Trojans in token of friendship.

324. gentem: for terram gentis, or patriam, as in I, 533.

328. modum: 'construction,' 'fashion'; others translate 'size.'

329. manus: artisans and laborers for building the ships. navalia: 'equipments'; i.e. rigging, oarage, stores, etc.

335. in medium: 'for the common good.'

336. idem: (nominative) 'as ever,' lit. 'the same.'

338. Largus: 'lavish.'

339. Dextera: sc. erat. habitus: 'being regarded as.'

341. With incertum sc. genus; and is (= Drances) as subject of ferebat.

342. iras: with both onerat and aggerat.

351. fugae fidens: an allusion to the forced flight of Turnus, described in X, 665 sqq., which Drances interprets to his disadvantage, and contrasts with the pretension implied in caelum territat armis.

354. ullius: Turni.

363. pignus: Lavinia. The only sure pledge of peace is the marriage of

Aeneas and Lavinia.

364. invisum: here, in an active sense; 'hostile.'

365. Nil moror: I count it little to be your enemy.

366. pulsus: since you have been defeated in the war.

371. Scilicet: 'ay, forsooth.'

383. Proinde: = quae cum ita sint.

384. quando: 'since'; 'inasmuch as'; the language is ironical.

397. die: 'in one day.'

399. Turnus quotes from Drances' speech, l. 362.

400. rebus tuis: 'to thy party,' or, 'to thy cause'; as if Drances had gone over to the Trojan side.

405. Aufidus: 'the Aufidus,' fleeing back from the Adriatic, as if fearing the Trojans, represents the fear of Diomedes, whose country it passes through. This whole passage (II. 403-407) is in a strongly sarcastic tone.

406. Vel cum: 'or (again he, Drances, shows his cowardice) when.'

407. Artificis scelus: for artifex scelestus; the accursed falsifier'; with scelus, put for the person, cf. the use of nefas, II, 585. formidine: 'through fear'; through a pretense of fearing me, Drances seeks to strengthen the charge he brings against me of threatening him with violence.

415. o si: is elliptical. The complete sense is: if we possessed anything of our wonted manhood, and O that it were so!

416. Ille mihi (ethical dative), etc.: 'he in my opinion,' etc. After the condition, si adesset, the regular form would have been illum fortunatum haberemus, qui procubuisset, etc.

416, 417. laborum: a genitive of specification or definition. LM. 575; A. 218, c; B. 204, 4; G. 374, N. 6; (H. 399, III, 2). note on II, 61.

418. semel: 'once for all.'

425. Multa: object of Rettulit.

H. 452, 2;

animi: see

438. vel praestet Achillen: 'even though he represent Achilles'; though he were another Achilles.

439. paria: 'equal' to the arms made by Vulcan for Achilles.

443, 444. Nec-tollat: the sense is: if this contest is to terminate fatally to us through the anger of the gods, let not Drances be the one to appease their anger by his death—for I myself would rather do that; nor, if success and glory are to be won, let him claim them for himself, for I myself desire the honor.

445-531. The council of Latinus is interrupted by the announcement that the Trojans in battle array are marching against Laurentum. Turnus takes advantage of the occasion to rouse the Latins instantly to war. He meets Camilla at the gate of the city, and gives her the command of the cavalry, which is to encounter that of Aeneas on the plain, while Turnus himself prepares with the infantry an ambuscade in a thickly wooded mountain pass, through which Aeneas with the Trojan infantry is expected to march.

446. castra movebat: a military phrase for 'breaking camp.'

450. descendere: that they were coming down,' 'advancing.' The infinitive depends on Nuntius. campis: 'over the plains.'

461. Illi: the enemy.

464, 465. Messapus, Coras: nominative for the vocative. for et tuus frater.

467. iusso: equivalent to iussero.

cum fratre:

473. Praefodiunt alii portas: 'others dig trenches before the gates.'

475. varia: the circle of defenders on the walls is made up of persons old

and young of both sexes.

480. tanti: the final vowel is not elided.

482. de limine: according to the ancient custom, prayer was offered at the threshold of the temple.

491. praecipit: cf. above, 1. 18.

500. Desiluit: Camilla and her followers dismount in token of respect for Turnus.

504. ire: depends both on Audeo and promitto, which together contain the notion of paratus sum. contra: preposition with equites.

506. pedes: (adjective); 'on foot'; i.e. with the foot soldiery. 509. omnia supra: 'above all praise.'

513. quaterent campos: 'that they might scour the plains'; for the omi sion of ul, see H. 565, 4; A. 331, f, R.; B. 295, 8; G. 546, 2, R. 2; (H. 499, 2) 514. iugo (ca) superans: 'passing over (these solitary heights) by th

summit.'

515. Furta belli: 'a stratagem of war'; an ambuscade.

516. bivias fauces: a gorge opening at each extremity into a road. 522. valles: an older form of the nominative case.

527. ignota: 'unobserved'; not visible to those passing through the defile 529. instare iugis: 'to maintain your stand on the hilltops.'

532-596. Diana, looking down from Olympus, beholds Camilla advancin to battle, and, foreseeing her fate, commissions Opis, one of her nymphs, t descend and slay any one, whether Trojan or Italian, who shall slay Camilla.

536. nostris armis: Camilla is armed with the quiver, bow, and arrow the arms characteristic of Diana and her nymphs.

553. robore cocto: 'with well-seasoned oak'; or, 'with oak hardened '.b fire or smoke.

554, 555. Huic-Implicat: 'to this he fastens the child wrapped in th bark of a wild cork tree.' libro et silvestri subere: hendiadys for libro si. vestris suberis.

555. habilem (eam): 'light.' She could be easily handled, or hurled when thus bound to the middle of the shaft. Cf. habilem arcum, I, 322. 558 sqq. tua-fugit: in this order: prima tenens supplex tela tua pe auras hostem fugit. Prima for primum; 'for the first time.' supplex: suppliant,' looking to thee for her deliverance. Tela tua : refers to the javeli: which she is handling (tenens), as it were, by being thus attached to it, and moving with it.

562. sonuere undae: 'the waves (of the overflowing river) resounded'; thus making the scene still more frightful.

566. donum Triviae: 'a votive offering to Diana.'

568. neque dedisset:

nor would he because of his savage nature have yielded'; i.e. even if the Volsci had wished him to be reconciled. Dar manus: 'to give consent,' 'become reconciled.'

590. Haec: 'these arms'; arcum et pharetram.

597-724. The opposing forces of cavalry come in sight of each other, rapidly advance, and rush to the charge, each party alternately pursuing and retreat ing. Camilla is distinguished by her deeds both on horseback and on foot. 599. Compositi numero in turmas: 'divided into troops in equal num bers'; lit. by number.'

601. Huc et huc, etc.: the fiery horse, impatient of restraint, springs now this way, now that.

607. Adventus-ardescit: describes the noise and commotion of the advancing squadrons, with the fiery fuming and impatience of the horses. 614. perfracta: proleptic.

615. Pectora pectoribus rumpunt: cf. X, 361. They dash their horses one against the other, 'breast against breast,' and Aconteus is hurled by the shock far from his seat.

616. tormento ponderis acti: 'of a stone cast by an engine'; i.e. by a ballista.

617. Praecipitat: cf. II, 9.

622. mollia colla: 'the flexible necks' (of their

horses).

624. alterno gurgite: 'with alternating billow'; now advancing and now receding.

626. extremam harenam: the inmost strand.' sinu: 'with the curving wave'; the long, sweeping breaker advances across the beach, curving inward more and more.

628. vado labente: 'with retiring shallow'; with shallow water; no longer a swelling wave.

630. Bis reiecti: refers to the Tusci.

633. gemitus: sc. est or erat.

649. exserta: see note on I, 492.

651. rapit: 'whirls.'

654. converso: like the Parthian horsemen when

retreating, she would turn partially round on the horse, and discharge her arrows back upon the pursuers.

659. ThreÏciae: Thracian'; not in its strict sense, but as an appellative of objects or peoples in the far north- - as here, the Amazons on the river Thermodon in Pontus.

660. Pulsant: i.e. when the river is frozen over. 666. Clytio: sc. natum. Cf. X, 205.

671. dum colligit: the horse, wounded under the body, drops down upon his hind legs, thus unseating, but not throwing off, his rider. The latter grasps at the reins, and draws them tightly in the effort to prevent himself from falling. 678. Iapyge: an adjective here, as in l. 247.

684. agmine verso: when the troop in the midst of which he had advanced had turned and retreated, he was left alone, and thus it was not difficult for Camilla to cut him off.

687, 688. vestra Verba: refers to the boastful threats both of Ornytus and his Tyrrhenian followers. Advenit qui, etc.: 'the day has come which shall have refuted (i.e. 'shall prove to have refuted') your words by means of a

woman's arms.'