plorable ceremonies. They now sung again, and concluded by dancing in columns opposite to each other, not changing position as before, but shuffling with their feet and wringing their hands, on the respective places where they stood. They terminated at length these unparalleled ceremonies and solemn buffooneries, by bowing and scraping to each other; when the gentlemen walked up to the pegs on which they had hung their outward garments, put on their coats again, and passing out through the door by which they entered, as the ladies through theirs, returned in procession to their houses as we had seen them approach. The time occupied in performing these marvellous rites, was, as nearly as I can recollect, about a couple of hours. With respect to the expression of countenance of these most singular worshippers, I was forcibly struck with the extreme weakness and imbecility which the features of the great majority of them, especially those of the females, betrayed; while those of some half a dozen of the male portion exhibited a degree of deep-seated cunning that could not escape notice. I am bound at the same time, in common honesty, to declare that the moral characters of the Shakers stands uncommonly high; that in all commercial dealings with these people the utmost confidence is reposed in their integrity, and that the various articles manufactured and sold by them are purchased in the market in preference to those of others, in consequence of their superior quality and excellence. Their garden-seeds, especially, are sought for with avidity throughout the States."

turned towards the wall and their backs towards the spectators, commenced a sort of shuffling with their feet, and a motion with their hands in front of their breast, like the action of a dog in swimming. In this almost incredible manner they alternately advanced to the wall and retreated from it, then turned round and advanced, and retreated again in the opposite direction, stepping and gesticulating in the most insane manner that can be conceived, accompanying the whole with an unmusical, nasal tone, for the purpose, I was informed by one of the Shakers, of enabling them to mark time and preserve the unity of their step. Having continued this movement for some time, they then suddenly changed the figure, and began capering round the room in a double circle; the females whirling round the inner ring, and the males describing the outward one. They afterwards reversed the order of dance, the former changing places with the latter. Next they converted the two smaller circles into a single one, each sex following the other by alternate evolutions; and by a skilful manœuvre, which I never saw executed but in the army, the men suddenly faced to the right about, slipped on one side so as to let the women pass, and met them at the opposite end of the room, and so continued whirling and meeting, and shaking their hands, heads, bodies, legs, in indescribable attitudes, and humming in a twanging sing-song tune louder and louder as the excitement of dancing increased. At certain intervals they came to a fullstop, when they made salutations to each other, sung a verse or two, and immediately after recommenced the same deUpon this observation of Mr. Tudor's of the moral character and honesty, we form (we trust) just hopes that ere long this unaccountable delusion, which folly and hypocrisy first grafted upon them, will pass away; as there does not appear to be any private or peculiar interest flourishing upon its support; while general opinion and feeling, which must soon reach these sequestered worshippers; a neighbourhood becoming more thickly inhabited, bringing with it other institutions and more sober rites; more enlightened times; the better feelings of the rising generation, or even the presence of one individual providentially sent-may possibly at once sweep away this mass of folly, and leave the moral virtues of the community to bloom and expand under the care of a wise, sober, and scriptural Church.

Of the state prison at Auburn every one has heard, presenting the best and most approved system of prison discipline in the world. The prisoners are admitted to work together under the vigilant inspection of superintendants, but are prohibited, under the strictest penalties, from the slightest communication either by sign or word. This arrangement, while it relieves the insupportable horrors of solitary confinement, is calculated to prevent that contamination of mind pervading the prisons and peniteutiaries of European countries, and which by corrupting still further the

morals of their wretched inmates, leaves them more depraved than when they commenced their confinement. So admirably is this institution managed, that without any undue severity of labour, and without any privation or abridgment of necessary food, the earnings of the prisoners considerably exceed their expenses. The building was commenced in 1816. It ⚫is constructed in the shape of a hollow square, inclosed by a wall extending 2000 feet, and is capable of containing 1,100 convicts, and 400 solitary cells. The economical construction as well as the security of the building, is so excellently arranged, that five small stoves, and eighteen lamps, afford sufficient heat and light to the whole; while one sentinel is found sufficient to keep watch over 400 prisoners. So highly is the system pursued at Auburn estimated, that at the time when Mr. Tudor was there, there were three French gentlemen there expressly sent out by the Government of France to visit this model of judicious incarceration. We wish that we could find room for some of Mr. Tudor's observations on the discipline, good order, arrangement, and apparent content existing within these penitential walls; but we cannot leave the subject without extracting his concluding remark: I was happy to learn, to the honour of the better as well as of the fairer sex, that the disproportion between the relative number of male and female prisoners, was so greatly in their favour -since while there were 700 of the former, there were only 30 of the latter. I must own I was at the same time highly amused on being assured by the gaoler, that he had infinitely more trouble and vexation in keeping the 30 females in order and subjection, than with all the overwhelming majority of the more peaceable men whom he had in charge!' No fanaticism or folly, acting on the mind through the affections and feelings, goes on long without catching a number of females in its fatal web, and as 6 serpens qui serpentem comederit, fit draco,' from being dupes, they grow into impostors.

Near the Lake of Cayuga, and immediately south of Dresden, our traveller saw the farm of the late celebrated Jemima Wilkinson, an enthusiast who pretended she was the Saviour of mankind, and to whom a number of persons had attached themselves as her disciples until her death, which took place some few years ago. The following singular account is given of "this infatuated woman, or I should say hypocrite, as the sequel will, I think, sufficiently prove. Ten miles south of Dresden is Rapelya's ferry, where is still remaining the frame constructed by Jemima for the purpose of trying the faith of her followers. Having approached within a few hundred yards of the Lake shore, she alighted from an elegant carriage, in which she had been drawn to the place, and the road having been strewn by her disciples with white handkerchiefs, she walked to the platform. Having announced her intention of walking across the Lake on the water, she stepped ankle-deep into the clear element: when suddenly pausing, she addressed the multitude, inquiring whether or not they had faith that she could pass over, for if otherwise she could not effect the miracle. On receiving an affirmative answer, she returned to her carriage, declaring that as they believed in her power, it was unnecessary to display it." To those who have witnessed with disgust and affright the dreadful spectacle afforded in our metropolis and great commercial towns, of the licensed dens of Drunkenness, for ever enticing new victims, and for ever pouring out their fetid clouds of blasphemy, indecency, disease, and crime, till the whole mass of our lower population is rapidly passing into a state of fearful disorganization, of dreadful pollution and disease, and

kadroluded Hook in the bonded Stake there are 400,000 cigar smokers, wody peel away unbolly Th ***** 500,000 dollars. Also 600,000 chewers of Myymika wadh shiny bitti smutt takaan, making marly one eighth of the whole population, wyers propetreklike trek the sum of seven millions of dollars.

From the year 1828 to 1831, the decrease in the consumption of spirits in America, was five millions and three quarters of gallons. Well may our author add, addressing his own country, "Go thou and do likewise." Indeed, the power thus displayed of triumphing over a habit at once so fascinating, so domineering, and so destructive, speaks well for the moral energy and virtue of the community; and with scarcely less delight do we view a Government arraying itself on the side of morality, even at the expense of its darling revenue; if such should be the established character of the nation, we will then say, let the boast of their future greatness be fulfilled; let them stretch their arms from the eastern to the western ocean, from the icy peaks of Labrador, to the stormy Cape of Horn ; for it will be a greatness won by moral courage, and mental discipline, and manly and virtuous resolution, and inseparable from it.

At p. 235, the Author discourses pretty largely on the Falls of Niagara ; but he is not more successful than his predecessors, in making language do the work of the pencil. In vain is the vocabulary ransacked for every word of picturesque power, of majesty and sublimity, and beauty and terror; it will not do: no distinct image is left on the mind, even though the "river in horrible eddies foaming, boiling and steaming, looks as if the whole whirlpool were an unearthly cauldron heated by a hidden volcano." The height of the Falls is about the medium of 160 feet: its breadth from 900 to 2100. The quantity of water which is computed to pass over the Falls every hour, on the supposition of the current running six miles in that space of time, amounts to upwards of 102 millions of tons averdupois, and in the course of a day, to 2400 millions of tons. It is stated as a fact, that the thunder of the Falls is sometimes heard at York, in Upper Canada, fifty miles distant. Mr. Tudor, in support of this assertion, says that Dr. Ed. Clarke mentions that he heard the roar of the British cannon, during our attack of the fortress of Rachmanie in Egypt, although he was at the moment 130 miles from the besieged place. At this time he was sailing on the ocean at the distance of 100 miles from the Egyptian coast; over which, and over 30 miles of intervening land the sound had travelled.

Mr. Tudor, as might be expected, touches on the subject of emigration, and seems to consider Upper Canada as affording greater advantages than the settlements of the United States. The Canada Company are owners in the Huron territory, of the enormous quantity of one million one hundred thousand acres; the price at which they sell the land varies from 78. 6d. to 10s. per acre, of which the quality is most excellent, and equal in richness to any that is to be found in North America. The climate varies but slightly from that of Britain; though the summer is hotter, and the winter colder, yet the heat of the one season is so tempered by cooling

* It should not be forgotten, that it was to the efforts of the present amiable and accomplished Lord Lyttleton, that we owe the abolition of the Lottery, and are so far guiltless of the disgrace of feeding our revenue from the folly and misery of the deluded people. The brothel, the gaming-house, and the lottery, in its worst form, all alike, are called in to supply the demands of the French Exchequer! What would the people of America say to that?

We believe the sound of the cannon at Brussels or Antwerp, when the latter was besieged, was heard on the shore of Aldborough in Suffolk. Sir Egerton Brydges mentions in his Memoirs, that the echoes of the sound of the guns at the battle of Trafalgar, were heard by him and others on the shores of Sandgate!! Vol. I. p. 79. The sound of the eruption of Vesuvius reaches no further than Gaeta.

GENT. MAG. VOL. II.

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