International Journal of Turkish Studies

according activities administrative agricultural American Anatolia appeared Arab authority became beginning Bosnia British central century China collection concerning constitution continued court cultural Damascus direct documents early East economic established Europe European example fact figures force foreign French given Greek groups important increased interests internal Islamic Istanbul kanun Konya land later less literature major materials means merchants military Muslim nationalist nineteenth century officials opium organization Ottoman Empire particularly party percent period Persian persons political population Porte position present problems production provinces question records reforms relations remained result role rule Russian social society sources Sultan Syria Table tion towns trade traditional Turkey Turkish Turks University values various villages Western women