ences. Riklin discusses such matters as the transformationcapacity of demons, the methods of guarding against them, the beliefs in the evil eye, various types of symbolisms, and so on.

SILBERER. Vorläufer Freud'scher Gedanken. S. 441. Silberer points out a number of instances in which older authors had already given utterance to ideas that we couple with the name of Freud. He cites in particular Schelling, Bulwer Lytton, Kerner, and Wagner.

OTTO RANK. Das Verlieren als Symptomhandlung. S. 450. Rank gives here a long and detailed analysis of an instance of "accidental" losing of a valuable object, and shows, especially by means of dream analysis, the complicated series of mental processes that lay behind the act; his interpretations received striking external confirmations.

FERENCZI. Anatole France als Analytiker. S. 461. Ferenczi here relates a number of remarkable passages from Anatole France that show a keen insight into many of the mechanisms since demonstrated by psycho-analysis.

PFISTER. Hysterie und Mystik bei Margaretha Ebna. S. 468. Pfister, a Zurich clergyman, presents here a long psycho-analytic study of the mentality of a celebrated mystic. It is a detailed contribution to the close relation between sexuality and religion.

FRIEDMANN. Eduard Morike. S. 486. A discussion of some passages from the famous poet Morike having a direct bearing on certain problems of psycho-analysis.

STEKEL. Zur Psychologie des Exhibitionismes. S. 494. This is an important contribution to the psychogenesis of exhibitionism, the commonest of all sexual perversions, and one that plays a part in the majority of cases of neurosis. Stekel relates it in particular to an unconscious narcissism.

ERNEST JONES. Ein Beispiel von literarischer Verwertung des Versprechens. S. 496. A quotation of several passages from Meredith's Egoist that reveal a complete appreciation of the significance of slips of the tongue.

MEISL. Ein Fall von Namenvergessen. A neat analysis of a case of a name-forgetting.

REIK. Zur Rettungssymbolik. S. 499. Discussion of a dream related by Flaubert, which shows a "saving phantasy" of the type explained by Freud.

VON HARTUNGEN. Die Psychoanalyse in der modernen Literatur. S. 499. Some passages from Heinrich Mann dealing with psycho-analytic problems.

REIK. Aus Gustav Flauberts Werken. S. 501. Quotations of several contributioms of Flauberts to psychological questions.

HEFT 12

JAMES J. PUTNAM. Persônliche Erfahrungen mit Freuds psychoanalytischer Methode. S. 533. Reprint of Dr. Putnam's paper published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, November, 1910.

KARL ABRAHAM. Einige Bemerkungen über den Mutterkultus und seine Symbolik in der Individual- und Völkerpsychologie. S. 549. Some short notes on phantasies relating to the mother's body. Of especial interest is Abraham's account of a cult developed by a local religious sect in Russia that strikingly confirms a given symbolism the interpretation of which had previously been made from dream-analyses.

DATTNER. Eine historische Fehlleistung. S. 550. Dattner describes at length the occurrence of a very remarkable example of an "accidental" forgetting to insert an all-important word in the law separating the financial relations of Austria from those of Hungary. The matter is not yet settled, but the omission of the word will cost Austria between eleven and fifty-two million crowns. The tendency that unconsciously determined the error was the desire of Hungary, incorporated in her representatives, to profit at the expense of Austria.

DROSNES. Eine psychoanalytische Organisation zur Verhutung von Selbstmorden. S. 553. Drosnes discusses the rather utopian possibility of establishing an organization for the prevention of suicide, by means of which despairing individuals could be referred for psycho-analytic treatment. It is now known that the motives of suicide are only in part conscious; no one commits suicide unless the conscious motives (poverty, disappointment in love, fear of disgrace, etc.) are reinforced by deeper unconscious conflicts which the person cannot solve. Every one with experience of the treatment knows how suicide can in this way be prevented, and there is reason to believe that the conclusion could be generalized. But the gulf between ability to help and opportunity to help is not to be bridged in our present society.

FERENCZI. Reizung der analen erogenen Zone als auslösende Ursache der Paranoia. S. 557. Such an occurrence must sound most unlikely to those who are unaware of the essential causes of paranoia. Freud has shown that paranoia is a perverted expression of homosexuality, a condition which is perhaps constantly accompanied by over-sensitiveness of the anal erogenous zone.

Ferenczi relates a case in which a local irritative lesion seemed to play the part of an important exciting factor in the development of the psychosis.

HELLER. Beitrag zur Genesis der Todesahnungen. S. 560. Forebodings of death may take their origin in some unconscious attraction towards death (suicide ideas). The case here reported does not, however, seem to bear out the author's views.

ED. HITSCHMANN. Beiträge zur Sexualsymbolik des Traumes. S. 561. Four short dream-analyses illustrating particular symbolisms.

ERNEST JONES. Das Problem des "Gemeinsamen Sterbens," namentlich mit Bezug auf den Selbstmord Heinrich von Kleist's. S. 563. Some persons have a passionate longing to die together with some one they love, the German poet, Von Kleist, being a notable example of this. The motives underlying the desire are very complicated, and an attempt is made here to unravel the deeper ones.

C. G. JUNG. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Zahlentraumes. S. 567. A detailed analysis of the determinants of the figures occurring in two dreams, and showing clearly how complicated are the manipulations of figures that go on in the unconscious.

MAEDER. Ueber zwei Frauentypen. S. 573. Two sexual types of women are commonly distinguished in the literature, known respectively as the clitoris type and the uterus type. Maeder gives a description of the characters of the two types, and discusses the psychogenesis of them. The former is characterized by identification with the father, the latter by identification with the mother.

MARCINOWSKI. Eine kleine Mitteilung. S. 575. Analysis of a neologism experienced in the state between sleep and waking. OTTO RANK. Zum "nachträglichen Gehorsam." S. 576. This term is used to denote obedience to a long-past command uttered by some one in authority; post-hypnotic suggestion is an example of it (see JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. V., p. 222.) Rank discusses in the light of two instances the employment of the conception in mythology and folk-lore. His interesting analyses throw light upon certain manifestations of the neuroses.

REITLER. Kritische Bemerkungen zu Dr. Alfred Adler's Lehre vom "männlichen Protest." S. 580. This is a clearly written. criticism of Adler's view that a fundamental process in the formation of neuroses is the desire to become masculine and to despise all feminine tendencies.

ROBITSEK. Die Stiege, Leiter als sexuelles Symbol in der Antike. S. 586. Doubt has been cast on Freud's interpretation

of the occurrence in dreams of climbing steps or ladders as a symbol for coitus, and Robitsek brings here evidence from archaeology showing that this symbolism was well understood by the ancients.

ROSENSTEIN. Beziehungen von Traum und Witz. S. 587. An instance of the close resemblance between dreams and wit (see Brill, JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, October, 1911).

SACHS. Ein Fall intensiver Traumentstellung. S. 588. Analysis of a dream neologism formed in a complicated way.

SADGER. Beiträge zur Sexualfrage. S. 589. Some experiences of the development of sexual ideas in children.

WM. STEKEL. Einige Bemerkungen zur Rettungsphantasie und die Analyse eines Rettungstraumes. S. 591. Stekel gives here an analysis of a dream containing a "saving-phantasy," and calls attention to the fact that it signifies not only an incestuous desire in regard to the parent but also a death-wish.

WAGNER. Ein kleiner Beitrag zur "Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens." S. 594. Analysis of a mistake in reading the wrong word, with the determining motives.

ERNEST JONES.

JAHRBUCH FÜR PSYCHOANALYTISCHE UND PSYCHOPATHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNGEN. Band II. Hälfte II.

S. 389. Freud.

BEITRAGE ZUR PSYCHOLOGIE DES LIEBES-
EINEN BESONDEREN TYPUS DER OBJEKT-

LEBENS. 1. UEBER
WAHL BEIM MANNE. As is generally recognized, choice in love
is never quite free; for every one there are certain features in the
opposite sex that particularly attract him, and in the absence
of which he does not fall in love. With some people these “condi-
tions" of love are much more specific and sharply defined than
with others. Freud here describes a special type whose love
affairs show the following characteristics:

1. Early in life a striking separation is effected between two extremes, so that they are only attracted by either, on the one hand, an exceedingly pure, idealistic type of woman, about whom, they do not venture to have sexual thoughts, or, on the other hand, by the commonest kind of women, particularly prostitutes.

2. They cleave to their mistress with the greatest fidelity, and cannot bring themselves to part from her. Once having done so definitely, however, they show a tendency to develop a series of love affairs, in each of which their attitude is exactly that just mentioned.

3. They are interested only in women who are not free, but

who already belong to another man (engagement or marriage), and who (4) have a bad reputation in sex matters.

5. They have the craving to win such a woman's love, in order to rescue or save her.

These seem very disparate characteristics for one man to have, but Freud shows that they are not disconnected, as they at first. sight appear, but that they have a common origin, and are merely different manifestations of the same underlying tendency. He gives a very interesting study on the meaning and development of each of these characteristics.

S. 398. Rosenstein. DIE THEORIEN DER ORGANMINDERWERTIGKEIT UND DER BISEXUALITÄT IN IHREN BEZIEHUNGEN ZUR NEUROSENLEHRE. Several years ago Adler published a book, the main thesis of which was that certain maladies, including the neuroses, originate in defective development of particular organs (eye, heart, bladder, etc.), which from general sensitiveness, and in other ways, obtained an excessive psychical importance. At the same time Fliess in another book traced the same group of maladies to an incomplete differentiation of the two opposite components of the normal bisexual predisposition. Rosenstein here points. out how the two views supplement each other, and make possible a deeper insight into the origin of the neuroses.

This is a highly

S. 409. Sadger. UEBER URETHRALEROTIK. important contribution to the subject, first opened by Freud, of individual erogenous zones. Sadger describes how the act of micturition may become closely associated with sexuality, and discusses at length the results of this in childhood phantasies, in later specific character-reactions, and in individual neurotic symptoms; many such symptoms, e. g., enuresis, pollutions, psychical impotence, etc., cannot be properly understood without taking into consideration this their deepest source. The article deserves careful study.

S. 451. Robitsek. DIE ANALYSE VON EGMONTS TRAUM. An interesting and clearly written study of an episode in Goethe's Egmont, namely, the hero's dream on the night before his execution. Through the dream the frightful depression at the thought of the morrow's event is changed into an ecstatic exaltation of triumph. Robitsek analyzes the individual features of the dream, and shows how the symbolism of freedom, victory, and so on, are transformations, suitable to the urgent occasion, of various preexisting unconscious phantasies. The function of the dream in replacing one mood by its opposite is particularly evident.

S. 465. Otto Rank. EIN TRAUM, DER SICH SELBST DEUTET.