day sanctified to the ruler of the cycle was the 8th day, or the first day of the week, and was called The Day of the Invincible Sun, as by the fathers, The Day of the Sun,=(Justin Martyr). By edict of Constantine, "The venerable day of the Sun;" that is, this 8th day, was the day set apart for the worship and honor of the Savior. Now strangely enough the period recognized as the life of the Savior was this 33 years, and He was circumcised the 8th day,the number of the intercalary correction of the cycle,—8 days from His birth, viz., the 25th December, the date of the birth of the Invincible Sun of the Persian cycle. So, also, the Savior was, by the Church, born on Sunday,— this same day.

It is true that this Persian cycle of 33 years is reported of as quite modern (1079),—but the more we investigate the clearer it becomes that all, so-called, newly invented eras, are nothing more than republications of calculations of time very familiar to the wise men of very ancient epochs. The Julian calen. dar was merely the substitution of a very old Egyptian reckoning, the traces of which we find in Genesis,-the so-called Metonic cycle, so far from being Greek, we find on the lines of the Great Pyramid to be as old as that struc ture, and the so-called ratio of Metius, given as a discovery of the 16th cen tury, we find as a fundamental ratio of measure in the Mosaic books. This Persian cycle came in under a new change of dynasty,—that of Toghrul Beg, the Tartar, under his grandson Malik Shah, through the genius of Nizam Ul Mulk, his vezeer,—to supercede the Mahomedan, or old Arabian calendar, under the dynasty of Mahmud the Great. It was the work, by adoption, not discovery, of eight astronomers appointed by Malik Shah for that object, the "discovery" being attributed to Omar Kayyám, the astronomer-poet, and author of the Rubáiyát of his name. But from the fact that this cycle was Persian, which, on application, is found to fit so accurately to the terms of still older forms of Persian tradition (viz., the Magian-Christian), the conclusion is irresistible that it was nothing more than an open publication of a time calculation, which was very old with the Persians of Chaldea, and merely worked into a new scheme. It is startling to read such a verse, in this connection, as this from the Rubaiyát :--

"Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,

Where the White Hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and JESUS from the ground suspires."

Facts, like the above, point to volumes of explanation, which makes it continually more and more evident that the Holy Men, of all peoples, without exception, in the frame-work of their published forms of religion, were in a hidden, mystic manner making use of time cycles personified, knowingly so,— and that any new version, happen when it might, could not be a new thing, but a new form of a very old hidden learning. But it would seem, also, that it was seen, or perceived, that there should come a time when there should be much going "to and fro over the earth and knowledge should be increased”,— that is, of the Copernican system, and of astronomy, generally, which should

be the common property of children in the high-schools and colleges;-that, by the spread of such knowledge, the old systems should become disclosed, and further like religious use rendered impossible and inoperative:-that, -on the coming of such time, the edict of the Divine Angel should go forth, viz., that "Time should be no more" (Revelations):--which, apparently, has reference to the coming, sooner or later, of a true Spiritual individual form of religious conception, as of The Holy Spirit alone, in place of any personification of any elements whatever, either in the Heavens above or in the Earth beneath or in the waters under the Earth.

But all this said, there still remains this great fact in reserve. This whole and entire system of the very ancient times, was really and truly, of itself, Divine, and a Divine Revelation,-viz., in the system of measures, with the standard unit of application, the Sacred Inch and Cubit, which, because of their exact fitting to the marvelous works of the Creator, could never have been of man's invention, but must have been given by a Revelation from on High. And herein it is conceived lays and resides the Divine part of these really Sacred and Holy Records,-both for the Jew and Gentile. In this consists the Geometry of Free Masonry.

This Inch is of itself a Divine name, and a derivation from the Hebrew name Noah, for the word is, NCH, and if we prefix the omnific sign of 10, the source and origin of all things, as well as the sign of the opposites for production in nature, that is the sacred jod, we will have, or "Jah-isNoah," or literally,

Inch,

and this is the precise form in which the word and sacred measure passed over to the Greeks in their equally great god-name of (their Flood Deity, and he was the father of IO)

Inch us, or Inach-us.

While the Hebrew word, The Woman, carries the number 5135,—there was another name for "woman," or, whose numbers run 5351, which, if placed on a circle, will read 5153, or part of our ratio 5153 to 6561.

It has been discovered and proven in so many, almost numberless ways, that the Imperial British Inch, of to-day, was the sacred, natural or divine, foundation of all the ancient sacred measures, that no further reference need be made to this fact,--but this is interesting, and very well worth mention, viz. :-As to one part of the ratio 6561 to 20612, if 6561 be multiplied by 16 (a startling and apparently divine form of its cosmic measuring use), the product will be 11664, which, if divided by 1000, will give 11664, which last, in terms of the Inch, has been found to be (Greaves and Taylor) the restoration of the old Roman Foot. Hence, while the Egyptians and Hebrews had one of their cubits from 20612 in terms of the same inch, the Romans raised their foot, from the diameter value, or 6561. Now the ratios 6561 and 20612 and 113 to 355 are related to each other, as has been shown, and both belong to the same model, or pi. The Hebrews also had a special or practical cubit

measure, which is or was called by the general name ulna, which indicates the length of this bone, or from the wrist joint to the elbow. The cubits which we have discovered, and which exist on real measuring sticks, of 20612 and 20.626470 inches, certainly cannot be meant by the term ulna. From some measures which I have taken on the arm, the ulna seems to be less than 11.664 inches, the Roman foot, and does seem to be 11.3 inches in length. Now as the inch is proven to have been the foundation of a kindred set of measures, here is part of the geometrical form of those measures, which, in terms of that inch, shows itself to fill the length mentioned, viz., that of the elbow; and that, too, in the exquisite relationship which would be made with the measuring ratio of 113 to 355, which is beyond any question so much used. From this, a cubit and a span, from this source would be 11.3+5.65 inches in length, or 16.25 inches,-in more general terms 17 inches. Taken in this way, the measure used would always be that of a man,-while it would also bear a fixed and convertible relation to the other system, through the terms of the pi ratios. It is well enough to read up the article on Weights and Measures in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible.

So, also, if the 8th day, marked as an intercalary period on the royal arch, be taken from 365 days there will be left 3 and 5 and 7, or 357 days, as steps to 33 degrees.

SOL-OM-ON'S TEMPLE.

From BRO. GEORGE MARKHAM TWEDDELL'S Volume of Masonic Sonnets, now in Press.

That was a splendid Temple which was raised
By the great Sol-Om-On,-three names in one,--
All from "the god of day" whose sheen was on
Those Masons' labors which e'en yet are praised.
Each Brother must build up in his own heart
A nobler Temple than e'er graced the brow
Of Mount Moriah, from which will ever flow
Incense more pure than e'er could form a part
Of priestly fumigations. Let us be
Builders of Spiritual Temples, where our Lord
Will find our souls constantly in accord

With Him through time and all eternity.

We must, all life-long, build før Sin or God:

Happy the Mason who his Maker's paths hath trod !

Rose Cottage, Stokesley, Yorkshire, England.

VALUES.-Learn the value of a man's words and expressions, and you know him. Each man has a measure of his own for every thing; this he offers you inadvertently in his words. He who has a superlative for everything, wants a measure for the great or small.

THE "DAILY JOURNAL" OF 1730.

To the Editor of the Freemason:

DEAR SIR AND BROTHER-When I was in London last summer for the purpose of Masonic studies I met with a volume of the Daily Journal of 1730, which was not in the catalogue of newspapers in the British Museum. This volume contains all the numbers of the year, also that of the 5th of September, which is missing in the mixed volume of diverse papers of that time. Since I never and nowhere saw or heard anything about an "Account of the Original and Antiquity of Masonry," which is given in the said number, I beg your pardon to make your readers acquainted with this old. account, which may be of some interest to Masonic students, as well as to all that like to get a look at an historical essay of the second decade of Mackey :

"The Daily Journal, Number 3016, Saturday, September, 5, 1730. "To the Author of the Daily Journal:

"SIR-Notwithstanding the subject of Freemasonry has, in the Dearth of News, filled up many a paper, yet I don't find anyone has given a true account of their Antiquity and Institution, and, therefore, I will give it you in a few Words. King Edward III, took so great an affection to Windsor, the Place of his Birth, that he instituted the Order of the Garter there, rebuilt and enlarged the Castle, with the Church and Chapel of St. George: This was a great Work, and required a great many Hands; and for carrying it on, Writs were directed to the Sheriffs of several Counties to send thither, under the Penalty of 100l, such a number of Masons by a Day appointed; London sent 40, so did Devon, Somerset and several other Counties; but several dying of the Plague, and others deserting the Service, new writs were issued to send up Supplies; Yorkshire sent 60, and other Counties proportionable, as may be seen in Ashmole's History of the Order of the Garter at large, and Orders were given that no one should entertain or shelter any of these runaway Masons, under pain of Forfeiture of all their Goods: Hereupon the Masons enter'd into a Combination not to work unless at higher Wages (just as we have of late seen the Taylors and Weavers combining to raise their Wages): They agreed upon Tokens, &c., to know one another by, and to assist one another against being impressed, and not to work unless free,

and on their own Terms: Hence they called themselves FreeMasons, and this Combination continu'd during the carrying on of these Buildings, for several Years. The Wars between the two Houses coming on in the next Reign, the Discontented hearded together in the same Manner, and the Gentry also underhand supporting the Malcontents, occasion'd several Acts of Parliament against Masons, and Combinations of other Persons under that Denomination, the Title of which Acts are still to be seen in the printed statutes of those Reigns; and tho' the occasion is now obsolete, yet there has ever since remain'd a Succession of the Name and Ceremonies, which of late has been revived by an odd Humour, without Thought or Inquiry into the Original of this Famous Order, equal in Antiquity, and had the same Place for Institution as the Ancient and Noble One of the Garter. The famous Bishop of Winchester was Supervisor of these Works, at is. per Day, and is. more when he travelled; and tho' it does not appear he was a Mason, yet his College at Winchester for educating the Children, whose Parents must otherwise have bred them to hard Labour, and his Care afterwards to maintain them in Ease at Oxford, shews he was so far a Friend to the Glorious Cause of Liberty, that his Kinsmen should not be abliged to Labour, unless at their free will, and at a good Price.

"One of the Acts referred to above, viz., 3d Henr. VI, Cap. I., 1425, has the following Clause: Whereas by yearly Congregations and Confederacies, etc., etc. (it does not seem necessary to reprint the whole).

"From such a reputable Beginning has this worthy Fraternity derived their boasted Glories, in this in some Measure account for the Reason of making and keeping the Secret, since at first their Necks were in Danger by the discovering it. From the like infamous Origin commenced those pernicious Names of Distinction, Whig and Tory, which we have heard gloried in, tho' at first the Nicknames of Enemies, and Terms extremely opprobious; the first signifying, from the supposed narrow Principles and crude and indigested Notions of the Field Conventiclers in Scotland, Soure Milk; the last, Irish Rapperies and Robbers.

It must be confessed that there is a Society abroad, from whom the English Free Masons (asham'd of their true Origin, as above) have copied a few Ceremonies, and take great Pains to pursuade the World that they are derived from them, and are the same with .them. These are called Rosicrucians, from their Prime Officers