of Germany was for a General Council composed of the laity as well as the clergy, presided over by the Emperor, and on German, not Italian, soil. The doctrinal questions of a later period were as yet undeveloped. The demand was for moral reform, for simple righteousness. This demand the Emperor respected, and did what in him lay to make it prevail at Rome. He failed, and it was the disappointment of his life.

To

The successive Popes with whom Charles had to deal insisted that the Council should be held in Italy, composed of the clergy only, and presided over by the Pope or his legate; that is, that the chief offenders should be judges in their own case. this it finally had to come, either this or no Council at all, with the single concession that it should be at Trent, in the Tyrol, not far from the Italian frontier. But when Charles had got his Council together, it took the bit in its teeth, it defied control, it was bent on making schism permanent, it became farcical, and - was finally broken up by fear of a raid by Maurice of Saxony, acting, as Mr. Froude thinks, in secret collusion with the Emperor. And so the last hope of the peace of Christendom vanished.

The question on which the Church divided in the Reformation was the right of the laity to have a voice in spiritual matters. Rome fought against this as involving her destruction, and she prevailed. Ten years later another Council met at Trent, but only to recognize the fatal consequences of the first, and to equip the Church for reconquest of her lost ground.

As to the often alleged failure of the Reformation, two things. may be said: First, and conformably to Mr. Froude's conception of the Reformation, as originally a revolt of the laity against the clergy, we may say with him that every one of the "hundred grievances," in protest against which Germany demanded a General Council, has ceased to exist, many of them even to be remembered. 66 Everywhere, in Catholic countries as in Protestant, the practices have been abandoned which the laity rose then to protest against. The principles on which the laity insisted have become the rule of the modern world."

Secondly, however disappointed were the hopes of the Reformers concerning the immediate future, their work was no more a failure than the labor of the farmer in the frosty spring. They introduced two germinant principles of illimitable expansive power-the freedom of the individual conscience in immediate responsibility to God, and the authority for conscience of the light enshrined in the records of divine revelation. Poorly as they themselves comprehended or applied them, these principles form the life-blood of whatever sound or stable progress the world is making now. These principles, moreover, when realized, issue in that true toleration, earnest, not indifferent, which respects the right of judgment even of those whose judgment it most opposes. Mr. Froude's remark, "We only tolerate what we think unimportant," therefore leaves us with the doubt whether he has fully discerned the heart of the Reformation movement, whose superficial character he has so accurately described.

Bishop W. Boyd Carpenter, of Ripon, makes a careful and extended study of the Sermon on the Mount in The Great Charter of Christ. What he says is not as important as what he has left unsaid. The real difficulty that religious teachers of the present day are feeling is in the adjustment of modern civilization, with what seem to be its necessary forms and conditions, to the beatitudes. We cannot but feel that Bishop Carpenter has failed to answer this demand. With all the excellences of his diction and with all the ingenuity of his thought, we fail to find in this volume what we most want. It is suggestive of many things; it is in some directions devout and spiritual; but it is not applied to the demands that modern society is pressing upon us; the Bishop does not tread the earth. We do not say that his interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount cannot be applied, only Dr. Carpenter does not show us the way in which it is to be applied. (Thomas Whittaker, New York.) His other recent book, Some, Thoughts on Christian Reunion, published by Macmillan & Co., has as its fundamental idea that the causes which have led to the rise of sects in Christendom have been the desire to make some special or new doctrine a condition of Christian communion. In consequence of this premise he believes that the way to Christian union is to suppress these special or new doctrines. He is quite right in saying that we want more of the spirit of religion and less of the letter; because intellectual agreement cannot reasonably be expected. He sees much hope for reunion in the decline of interest in special theological ideas, and he believes that Christendom will ultimately unite upon the basis of the historic creeds. It is not easy to see how to reconcile this position with the other, about the spirit and not the letter. Upon the whole, we lay down the book with a feeling of disappointment. The author appears to desire most of all a union of the Episcopal Churches. The non-Episcopal Churches he practically ignores, and while he hopes for a union of the Anglican and the Eastern Churches, he has no reason to hope for a union of the Anglican and the Latin Churches.

The question has arisen, especially within the past year, whether Chaucer and Spenser ever held the position of poet laureate; indeed, if it ever existed before the time of Ben Jonson. This question has

been answered generally in the negative, but never so completely as by the author who writes under the pseudonym of "Kenyon West" in The Laureates. (F. A. Stokes Company, New York.) In this book we learn that the laureateship was made a regular office in 1630, Ben Jonson being the first to hold it, and that the annuities given by Edward III. to Chaucer, and by Elizabeth to Spenser, were the sole causes for the tradition of their being laureates. The volume gives us in concise form a condensed account of the lives and works of all the English laureates, together with extracts from their works. The sketches are condensed yet comprehensive, and the selections are admirable-many of them must have been weeded out from a mass of poems unfit to be read in this age. We must give special praise to the classification of the selection from Wordsworth. More than in any other classification his biography is reflected in his verse. This is emphasized by the dates which are appended to each poem. This book brings out clearly what ought to be as clearly understood nowadays, namely, that the laureateship does not mean the appointment of the greatest poet, but of the person whose personality is most pleasing to the Court, and who is most in sympathy with the monarch. It is surprising, therefore, that so many great poets have been included in the category, for greatness presupposes independence. However, we have in the cases of both Wordsworth and Tennyson independence united to a genuine regard for the crown and for the royal family. This statement makes plain the fact that the appointment of Shelley or Byron would have been as impossible as the appointment of Mr. Swinburne or of Mr. William Morris in our own day; while the appointment of Mr. Alfred Austin was strictly in accord with the traditions of the place.

In the volume on the Book of Deuteronomy, by Andrew Harper, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, Ormond College, Melbourne, we have one of the best of that valuable series, "The Expositor's Bible." Professor Harper accepts in the main the general results of recent higher criticism, at least as far as Deuteronomy is concerned, declining, however, to accept the extreme conclusions of some critics. He is independent, cautious, reverent, earnest, and always fresh and suggestive. He believes heartily in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and accepts them as the Word of God; and he also believes in the continuous presence of God with his people. His book is pervaded by a delightful spirit. His treatment of the various religious and ethical questions connected with Deuteronomy will prove of great and material assistance to many-we think all-who desire to be true to all real light, and yet do not see how to reconcile the positions of recent criticism with a genuine faith in the inspiration of the Bible. It is too much to say that they will find all their difficulties removed, as it is too much to expect that the most "advanced" students will be satisfied; but all will find the treatment of the questions involved able and candid and devout-the product of a mind notably alert and vigorous, open and generous, richly stored, combining care for the best in the past with readiness for the ever new disclosures of God's spirit. The book is notable also for the writer's sense of the wholeness of human life, his discernment of the fundamental needs and laws common to all people. It thus gives a distinct impression of the practical wisdom of the Deuteronomic code. But especially is the book eminent and constantly quickening to the spiritual life in the writer's apprehension of the fatherly love of God as prompting, and as enshrined in, the Mosaic law. (A. C. Armstrong & Son, New York.)

He is a brave man who dares to attempt that "easie running verse with tendere feet" of which Edmund Spenser was the master, yet so great courage has Mr. George Musgrave, M.A., of St. John's College, Oxford, and now Barrister at Law. What is still more remarkable is that Mr. Musgrave has thought good to use the Spenserian stanza as a medium to translate the Divine Comedy of Dante into English. We do not like the result of the attempt. The author is evidently able to translate Dante as well as the English tongue will permit. But his form of verse is a hindrance. It seems to us foreign to the Terza Rime. The stanza breaks the strain of the narrative where it should not be interrupted, and it necessitates the use of words that are archaic. This latter feature would not be objectionable were the archaic wording suitable to the dignity of Dante's thought, but it is not always so. In fact, at times the diction has the air of burlesque. Besides, the author is frequently driven to coin words, which, while their meaning may be obvious, by reason of their oddity distract the attention. It is not good to coin words to help out verse. With all

this license, the verse itself often halts. Consequently, notwithstanding some felicitous renderings, we cannot pronounce this translation, which covers only the Inferno, a success. (Macmillan & Co., New York.)

There is a delightfully unconventional flavor to the sermons of A. K. H. Boyd in the volume Occasional and Immemorial Days. (Longmans, Green & Co., New York.) They are long sermons, genial, mellow, and discursive as the essays of a "Country Parson." In point of fact, some of them are essays rather than sermons; but they all tend to edification. We have been particularly interested in the sermon "Church Life in Scotland: Retrospect and Prospect," which was preached before the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1890. In a tender and kindly way Dr. Boyd contrasts the present of Scotch Presbyterianism with the past, and the contrast is striking. Our readers know that Dr. Boyd is a Broad Church Presbyterian, and the knowledge of this will give the key to all these sermons.

We have received from the Open Court Publishing Company a new edition, enlarged and revised, of the Religion of Science; also a new edition of Professor Max Müller's Three Lectures on the Science of Language; also a fourth edition, exactly, so far as one can discover,

like the former editions of the same book, of The Gospel of Buddha, which is extremely interesting but ought to be fortified with a preface telling the unlearned reader that no life of Buddha is contemporary; none was written for over a thousand years after his death. In addition to these books there is also The Psychology of Attention, by Ribot, which ought to be read by our preachers and teachers. In fact, psychology ought to be taught in our divinity schools, and Ribot's would be useful as text-books in the curriculum.

Dr. Cunningham Geikie has continued his Bible studies into the New Testament under the caption New Testament Hours. The latest volume, The Apostles: Their Lives and Letters, covers the period from A.D. 55 to A.D. 64. In reality the work consists of a running comment on the Epistles to the Galatians, Corinthians, Romans, Colossians, Philemon, Ephesians, Philippians, Timothy, and Titus, fortified with pictures and a chronology. It is not a student's work, but will be acceptable to Bible classes and to the home circle. (James Pott, New York.)

New Books

[The books mentioned under this head and under that of Books Received include all received by The Outlook during the week ending June 12. This weekly report of current literature will be supplemented by fuller reviews of the more important works.]

One of the most elaborate of recent discussions of The Doctrine of the Incarnation is that contained in two large volumes from the hand of Mr. Robert L. Ottley, President of the Pusey House, Oxford, a position which is likely to indicate pretty definitely his attitude on the question. The Outlook will make further comment on this work at a later day. (D. Appleton & Co., New York.)

The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, edited by William Knight, commented upon in these columns two weeks ago, has reached its fourth volume, which contains as a frontispiece Boxall's portrait of the poet. (Macmillan & Co., New York.)- -The same imprint is upon A Bachelor's Establishment, translated from Balzac by Clara Bell, with a preface by George Saintsbury, and also, in the Popular Edition, The Poetical Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, upon volumes four and five of The Idylls of the King.

Before the publication of "The Red Badge of Courage " Mr. Crane had written two stories which have now been given to the public: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets (D. Appleton & Co., New York), and George's Mother (Edward Arnold, New York). It is encouraging to know that these books preceded the story which has brought its writer into such prominence, for they do not in any respect compare in quality with "The Red Badge of Courage."- -The story of a life which by strange vagaries of fortune put its past so far behind it that the shadows of that past never fall athwart the future is found in Honor Ormthwaite, by the author of "Lady Jean's Vagaries." (Harper & Brothers, New York.)—The readers of Jane Barlow's Irish stories will welcome her latest book, Mrs. Martin's Company. This collection of stories has the characteristic touch of local color and intensity of sympathy. The illustrator, Bertha Newcombe, has caught the spirit of the author, and her illustrations have a charm as peculiar as the text. (Macmillan & Co., New York.)The reading public is indebted to the same publishers for a beautiful edition of Sense and Sensibility, illustrated by Hugh ThompNever has Jane Austen been introduced to the world in garments more fitting. Every lover of outdoor life longs, in some happy moment of leisure, for a book written by a lover of nature who loves man and understands him; such a book is In a Dike Shanty, by Maria Louise Poole. (Stone & Kimball, Chicago.)- -Messrs. Harper & Brothers, New York, have added to their new edition of the works of Thomas Hardy The Wessex Tales.

son.

In the handsome new edition of Mark Twain's works appears A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, which is, in our judgment, one of Mr. Clemens's inferior pieces of work. (Harper & Brothers, New York.) -Jerry the Dreamer, by Will Payne (Harper & Brothers), is a novel of American life.- -Miss Lilian Bell's latest story, The Under Side of Things (Harper & Brothers, New York), is in a way a society novel, and entirely different in spirit and background from "A Little Sister to the Wilderness."

Mr. W. C. Brownell's account of Newport, which appears in the American Summer Resorts Series (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York), is a very carefully written piece of work, discriminating, well balanced, and full of the sentiment of one of the most beautiful localities in America. It is a study of the old town done in a literary spirit, and is not in any sense a mere journalistic sketch.- -From the same publishers comes the second volume of the new edition of Johnson's Lives of the Poets, already commented upon in these columns.- The Works of Max Beerbohm (same publishers) is a dainty volume which contains seven essays lightly written, full of agreeable comment, and clever in characterization. The title is humorous or pretentious; probably the first.

The Mermaid Series receives an addition in the form of a collection of The Plays of Sir John Van Brugh, edited, with an introduction and notes, by A. E. H. Swaen. The volume is also furnished with Leigh Hunt's essay on Van Brugh, and contains four plays, "The Relapse,' The Provoked Wife," ," "The Confederacy." and "A Journey to London." (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.)- -The same publishers have put their imprint upon a volume of Lyrical Verse from Elizabeth to Victoria, selected and edited by Oswald Crawfurd. The poets of the present reign are omitted. The editor has endeavored to select the most characteristic lyrical verse of each poet, and to present in that way a fairly representative body of English verse of this order. Mr. H. Clay Trumbull's Threshold Covenant; or, the Beginning of Religious Rites (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York), is a serious

study in a field with which the writer has already made himself preeminently familiar.

The initial volume in the extensive and valuable Riverside School Library, announced by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. (Boston), is, very appropriately, Mr. John Fiske's War of Independence, a volume which is a model in its way and for its purpose. Further comment on the whole series will be made later.

Mr. Watson's sonnets called out by the Armenian question have been collected and published in a dainty volume by Stone & Kimball (Chicago), under the title The Purple East; and the George H. Eastman Company, of this city, have made an equally dainty volume of Mr. Gustav Kobbe's My Rosary, and Other Poems.

Lovers of music and of birds will welcome The Evolution of BirdSong, by Charles A. Witchell. (Macmillan & Co., New York.)- A second and revised edition of Public Speaking and Debate, by George Jacob Holyoake, has just been published by Ginn & Co. (Boston, Mass.).- -Gerhard's Sacred Meditations, translated from the Latin by the Rev. C. W. Heisler, A.M. (Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia), is a book of spiritual suggestion, meditative in spirit and form.

The Life of James McCosh is largely autobiographical, under the very intelligent editorship of Professor William M. Sloane. (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.)—The same remark may be made with reference to The Life and Letters of Charles Bulfinch, Architect, edited by his granddaughter, Ellen Susan Bulfinch. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston.)Mr. Henry S. Salt's Life of Henry David Thoreau (Charles Scribner's Sons) is, on the other hand, a narrative of the experience and work of the recluse of Walden Pond, with an estimate of his character and talent.

Very dainty in appearance and typography is the volume devoted to English Literary Criticism, which aims to sketch the development of criticism and of the critical method in England, and to illustrate each phase of that development by examples taken from the most representative writers. Mr. C. E. Vaughan furnishes an introduction. (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.). -The Albion edition of The Poetical Works of John Milton (Frederick Warne & Co., New York) presents in a very compact form a body of the noblest verse to be found in English literature. It contains an introductory memoir, notes, and a bibliography. The volume is rather thick and a little heavy, but, on the other hand, the type is very clear and comfortable to the eye.

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THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO., MILWAUKEE Whipple, Rt. Rev. H. B., D.D. Unity and the Lambeth Declaration.

Later he was called to the First Church in New Britain, and from there was called to Buffalo. He is a most genial and delightful man, whose writings are widely known, and whose scholarly habit and methods adapt him for service among thinking people. His ministry in Buffalo has been singularly successful. He belongs to the class of men who emphasize realities more than theories; who believe in the continuous ministry of the Holy Spirit; and who have no care and no heart for controversies concerning things in infinity and eternity. Few men are better qualified to write concerning the bright side of any phase of our modern life than this Buffalo pastor.

Missions at Clifton Springs

Clifton Springs has come to be known as a center of missionary interest and enthusiasm. Every year a convention is held there in the interest of the foreign service. The one this year has been largely attended, there having been one hundred and thirty-three foreign missionaries present. They came from more than twenty countries, and from fifteen different denominations. It should be remembered that there are always many missionaries who are superannuated, or who are at home on vacations, or who have been obliged to give up their work on the foreign field, but who still retain their interest in the cause. This accounts for the large number present. Among the officers for the ensuing year are: President, the Rev. J. T. Gracey, D.D.; Vice-Presidents representing six denominations, the first one of whom is the venerable Dr. Cyrus Hamlin. The Executive Committee is from five different denominations. Among the proposals before the meeting was one for the establishment of a Convalescent Home for Missionaries in connection with Dr. Foster's Sanitarium. As we have studied the reports of these meetings it has seemed to us that undue emphasis was placed upon the comparatively small amount of money that is given by the churches for foreign missions. The fact is undoubtedly as stated in the discussions, but all inferences of this kind need to be modified by another fact, viz., that the amount given by Christian people for distinctively home and foreign missions is only a small part of that contributed by them for benevolent and religious purposes. The amounts raised for hospitals, children's homes, Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, social settlements, and various other forms of Christian service, are not considered when the comparatively small amount given for missions abroad is made promi

nent.

The gifts for foreign missions might be largely increased, but we should prefer to see the inquiry at such gatherings turn in another direction. A far more vital question would be, How, by comity and co-operation among denominations, may the missionary cause be conducted more economically, and with less appearance of rivalry? Another subject which received merited attention was the large number of foreigners who are attracted to the United States by the desire of gain, and who make their appeals on the ground of their having come from the foreign field, and thus take large sums of money which should be given for missionary work. The churches are properly warned against these persons who trade on their Christianity. This annual convention at Clifton Springs does much to stimulate enthusiasm in the cause of foreign missions, which every year is becoming dearer to the American churches.

signor Falconio, Titular Archbishop of Acerenja. Concerning the recall of Cardinal Satolli, Father Ducey, of New York, is reported to have said: "When a Delegate is made a Cardinal, he is rarely allowed to remain absent from Rome. Satolli leaves this country simply and purely because his mission is ended, and work awaits him in Rome. as a member of the College of Cardinals." Other Catholic clergy are reported to have spoken in high terms of the work accomplished by the Cardinal. He is said to have been "a true apostle of peace," and to have entered with great interest into all the details of American life. One speaker said: "He became thoroughly familiar with everything, from the procedure in the Houses of Congress to the game of baseball." It is not impossible that Satolli may be the successor of Pope Leo, who has already reached the great age of eightysix. In case Satolli is chosen, his period of service in this country will add largely to his prestige and his power.

Canadian Congregationalism

The Congregational Union of Ontario and Quebec adjourned at Montreal last week after an interesting series of meetings extending over six days. The attendance of representatives was not so large as usual, but this lack was more than made up by the Congregationalists of Montreal. An enjoyable feature of the Union was the presence of the Revs. Smith Baker, D.D., Boston, Edward Hawes, D.D., Burlington, Vt., and F. S. Fitch, D.D., Buffalo, N. Y., delegates from the National Council of the United States. The greetings of these. brethren were cordially received, and their addresses highly appreciated. Another very interesting feature of the Union was the encouraging financial position of the Societies of the Churches. Instead of the usual cry of deficit, there was heard the cheering note of surplus,. which was struck again and again. Particularly true was this of the Home Missionary Society, where a long-standing debt has been replaced by a substantial balance on hand in the treasury. The addresses at the public meeting in connection with this Society were given by the Revs. Robert Hay, Eaton, J. P. Gerrie, Toronto, and Hugh Pedley, Winnipeg, and a resolution was passed at a later date. looking for co-operation with the Churches of the United States. In the general discussions arising out of the programme, special prominence was given to the need of religious effort on behalf of children and young people. The Chairman, Mr. S. P. Leet, a barrister of Montreal, made this the basis of an earnest appeal in the annual address from the chair on "A Neglected Privilege of the Churches." Dr. Fitch's address on "The Child Prophet" was a fitting emphasis. to the utterances of Mr. Leet. A somewhat different note was struck in the annual sermon, on "The Larger Salvation," by the Rev. William Johnston, of Toronto, who made an able plea for the removal of effete forms and creeds from the Church, and the application of the Gospel to every side of life. With reference to matters of current. history one found the following: A strong protest against interference with the educational affairs of Manitoba, emphatic resolutions looking to the prohibition of the liquor traffic, warm recognitions of the claims of labor, earnest calls for Sunday observance, and stirring recommendations for various aspects of prison reform. There is no doubt that the Union will have its due influence in the direction of public sentiment in connection with these matters. Nor should this brief report of the Union close without a reference to the very valuable stereopticon lecture on "Congregational Shrines," by the Rev. E. M. Hill, of Montreal, which formed a very acceptable conclusion to the meetings now over.

"Luxury and the Love of God"

The " Kingdom," published in Minneapolis, is one of the freshest and most enterprising papers. that comes to our table. It wastes little space. with ecclesiastical gossip, but bravely grapples with great subjects. about which the people are anxious to know. Its latest symposium is on "Luxury and the Love of God," suggested by a paragraph in a sermon by Bishop Potter. A "Kingdom "editorial on the sermon was. criticised by the "Churchman" and the Minneapolis "Journal," and their utterances led to the symposium. We have already commented on these articles. One sentence in Bishop Potter's sermon (which we printed at the time) is as follows: "The growth of wealth and of luxury, wicked, wasteful, and wanton, as before God I declare that luxury to be, has been matched, step by step, by a deepening and deadening poverty, which has left whole neighborhoods of people practically without hope and without aspiration." The "Churchman" believed the Bishop simply to be warning his prosperous hearers against forgetting their duties toward their less fortunate neighbors, and that he was not reiterating "the oft-repeated fallacy that the rich are growing richer and the poor poorer every year." The Kingdom" publishes the editorials of the Churchman and Minneapolis "Journal," and other articles on the subject by President. George A. Gates, of Iowa College; Professor John Bascom, of Williams; Professor R. T. Ely, of the University of Wisconsin; Archdeacon C. J. Wood, of Pennsylvania; Mr. Edwin D. Mead, of Bos

ton; Henry D. Lloyd, of Chicago; the Hon. Ernest H. Crosby, of New York, and Dr. Brand, of Oberlin-all agreeing substantially with the position taken by the "Kingdom." President Gates's position is tersely stated in the phrase: "Not much luxury can hide under 'As I have loved you,' nor excuse itself in the presence of Not to be ministered unto, but to minister.'" Dr. Bascom concludes that" that expenditure is good, and only that, which the entire community truly shares." Archdeacon Wood thinks that Jesus taught a doctrine "strikingly near communism." Edwin D. Mead agrees with Bishop Potter, but differs from those who criticise the building of a new and splendid cathedral, because the cathedral will be for all the people. Mr. Lloyd says: "It is uneconomic, unbrotherly, and unethical for us as trustees to take wealth for ourselves out of the product all made and all should share." Mr. Crosby says: "Let us admit that wealth of the right kind is a good thing for the community. We cannot have too much in the way of artistic treasures, and everything that contributes to the beauty and usefulness of our lives is a distinct advantage to us all. It is not to the existence of such wealth. . . to which we object; it is to the monopoly of these things by a few." Dr. Brand says: "We may pursue self-culture and expend our wealth upon ourselves up to that point, and only to that point, where such expenditure fits us for the highest service to ourselves and to the cause of humanity." The whole subject is finely concluded by the editor of the "Kingdom," the Rev. H. W. Gleason. As we read the various articles in the symposium it seems to us that all agree in the opinion that the Christian rule for everything is, "As I have loved you." We may add that the application of that rule must be left to individuals. In differing circumstances it will result in different courses of conduct, and will apply quite as much to the way in which we judge one another as to how we spend our money.

Dr. Newman Hall

We made mention recently of the celebration of the eightieth birthday of the Rev. Newman Hall, D.D., of London. The reports of that event have now reached us, and from then we cull a few items of interest for our readers. Dr. Hall began his ministry in Hull in 1842. While a pastor in that city he published his little book entitled "Come to Jesus," which has had such an amazing circulation. At first but two thousand were printed, but over four million copies, in all, have been sold, and it has been printed in fifty different languages. He began his ministry in Surrey Chapel, London, in 1854. During our Civil War Dr. Hall was a stanch friend of the Union, and had great influence in holding the working classes to faith in the North as being the surest way to secure the emancipation of the slaves. Dr. Hall is one of the most genial of men, and still greatly enjoys outdoor exercise. He loves to visit Zermatt in Switzerland, and his favorite resort is the Riffel Alp Hotel, whose altitude is 7,000 feet. We well remember meeting him there two years ago, when he was seventy-eight years old. Twice in one week he climbed from the hotel to the top of the Gomer Grat, 3,500 feet. He said to the writer of this paragraph as he passed him on the climb, at an altitude of nearly 10,000 feet, "Tell Mrs. Hall I have not forgotten her, although I am so far above her." Dr. Hall has done many things well, but probably never anything better than the way in which he left his noble Church. He helped the people to find perhaps the best man in England for the place; then gave him his blessing, and quietly withdrew; and the

work goes on. It is sometimes hard to say, "He must increase and I must decrease," but it often needs to be said, and happy that man who knows how to say it graciously and at the right time.

Dr. Daniel Bliss

Among the workers in the foreign field who are now visiting this country is the Rev. Daniel Bliss, D.D., President of the Protestant College at Beyrout, Syria. Dr. Bliss is accompanied by Mrs. Bliss, and they are at present making their home with their son, the Rev. Howard S. Bliss, pastor of the Christian Union Congregational Church at Upper Montclair, N. J. On Tuesday evening, June 16, the people of the Upper Montclair church tendered to Dr. Bliss a reception, which was a beautiful testimonial to their appreciation of the father of their pastor, and of the great work which he has done in Syria. Dr. Bliss has been for nearly if not quite forty years in Beyrout, and few men have served the Church and the kingdom of God with more fidelity. He still calls himself young, and expects after a few months in this country to return to his college in Syria. Such men and women as Dr. and Mrs. Bliss are an honor to the Church, and prove that the days of Christian heroism have by no means come to an end.

At the Universalist Social Union, during Universalist Testimony the May anniversaries in Boston, Dr. Donald, of Trinity Church, Boston, and President Eliot, of Harvard, were invited guests, and bore witness together as follows. Dr. Donald is reported as saying. "The idea

that lies back of Universalism is that salvation is not only possible but probable for all beings. So far I am a Universalist. We need the optimist; and universalism and optimism are so bound together that he who accepts the one must be in full sympathy with the other."" President Eliot said: "The distinctive tenet of final universal salvation is unmistakably the goal toward which all modern thought tends.": Certain facts that had come under his observation at the University pointed in the same direction. "Of those that pass through the curriculum a certain percentage show evil dispositions-some to an extreme degree. They show this in gambling, intemperance, and stealing; yet, as a rule, they recover. Even those guilty of stealing often make good lawyers, teachers, clergymen." This last created a sensation. The speaker added: "I know what I say, and I repeat it— good clergymen. The vices most difficult to conquer, the ill effects of which are hardest to throw off, are those which weaken the willpower, but the facts do not make such at all hopeless."

We are all familiar with the letters "A. P. A.," A New Society which stand for the American Protective Association, which is generally regarded as existing for the purpose of antagonizing the influence of the Roman Catholics in the United States. It was natural that a society of that kind should be met by a society destined to oppose it, and consequently we now hear of one with the initials "A. O. U. C.," which stand for the American Order of United Catholics. It is already declared to have many members. It proposes to make itself felt not only in the creation of moral sentiment, but also in the various departments of government.. The object of the Order is stated in the following words :

To unite fraternally all practical Catholics of every profession, business, and occupation; to give all possible aid in its power to members of the organization by encouraging each other in business, and by assisting each other to obtain. employment.

To uphold and defend the Catholic faith, clergy, and institutions against. naturalized foreigners, who, aided and abetted by a certain class of native Americans, have gained great strength and power in our Legislatures.

It is perhaps needless for us to say that we do not believe in such societies. They tend to controversy, and even to violence in time. It is possible that within a few years much the same condition may prevail here as between the Orangemen and Catholics in Ireland. Patriotism is not promoted on the one side, or the cause of religion on the other. But the days of human folly are not ended in the Church any more than in the State; and folly is the prerogative of no one: nationality and no one Church.

American Unitarianism has one mission in. Unitarians in Japan Japan. It is under the direction of the Rev.. Clay MacCauley. His report appears in the "Christian Register" of May 14, and in many respects has interested us exceedingly. What he says concerning the changes in the older relig-ions of Japan is worthy of especial attention. He affirms that the old orders of religion have fallen into confusion; that no dominant forces appear either from the Shinto or Buddhist faith; that they are without vitality. He thinks, also, that Confucianism is helpless beyond restoration; that Buddhism alone possesses any power among the people, and that among the ignorant its power is dependent upon the persistence of superstition and reverence for things dear in the past. Among the educated classes, Buddhism has some influence because of the philosophy and ethics discovered in recent years by students in the Buddhism of India. He then says that there is a new Buddhism in Japan, which is a cult much in vogue among young men of the student class, and depends largely upon appeal to national and race prejudice, and its gratification of their needs "generated in subjection to the philosophy and science received from Occidental thinkers." Concerning the outlook for evangelical Christianity Mr. MacCauley has many misgivings. He thinks that the Japanese churches are in danger of disintegration, or on the verge of a trans-formation into something unlike what they were intended to be. Mr. MacCauley is a careful observer, and has unsurpassed opportunities for studying the problem. The difficulties he probably does not exaggerate, but we think he does exaggerate the danger of the transformation of the Christian churches in that land. Changes are going on there, but, in our judgment, they are not more rapid than in other parts of the world. They are a part of a "world movement," and not peculiar to one nation. With the closing part of Mr. MacCauley's report we are in hearty sympathy. "So long as we see this nation with idols shattered, a nation confused and not growing spiritually, is it not our duty, to whom the way of safe advance for the soul has been opened and made clear, to do what we may to guide uncertain steps away from all that may cause them to falter ?"

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Brief Mention

Plymouth Sunday-School of Brooklyn has raised a subscription of $111.55 for the benefit of the Barnby Memorial Fund, which sum has been paid to Mr. Henry R. Elliott, the Treasurer.